Avignon Papacy
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The Avignon Papacy was the period from 1309 to 1376 during which seven successive popes resided in Avignon rather than in Rome. The situation arose from the conflict between the papacy and the French
The Papal palace in Avignon, France
Pope Gregory XI returned to Rome in 1376 and ended the Avignon Papacy.
Papal States
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The Papal States, officially the State of the Church, were a conglomeration of territories on the Italian Peninsula under the direct sovereign rule of the pope from 756 to 1870. They were among the ma
Avignon Papacy
…in 1417 when the election of Pope Martin V was accepted by all. Avignon and the small enclave to the east (Comtat Venaissin) remained part of the Papal States until 1791 when, under pressure from French Revolutionaries, they were absorbed by the short-lived revolutionary Kingdom of France (1791–92), which…
The Quirinal Palace, 1777
Pope Gregory XVI.
Barricades at Porta San Giovanni, photographed on 21 September 1870, after the breach of the Aurelian Walls
Men and women in traditional dress seated on a rocky outcrop in the Roman countryside, c. 1850–1853