Veitch Memorial Medal
The Veitch Memorial Medal is an international prize issued annually by the Royal Horticultural Society. The prize is awarded to "persons of any nationality who have made an outstanding contribution to the advancement and improvement of the science and practice of horticulture"; the prize was first planned in memorial of James Veitch of Chelsea. At first, the prize was issued by the Veitch Memorial Trust and awarded at local horticultural shows, but from 1885 the Medals were awarded at the Orchid Conference. Since 1922, the Royal Horticultural Society, having taven over the Trust, has awarded the Medal. By 2010 over 500 medals had been presented. 2017: Dominic Cole, Rod Leeds, Philippe Lecoufle, William McNamara and Andrew McIndoe 2016: Sarah Carey, Diana Grenfell, Ernst van Jaarsveld, Marco Polo Stufano and Dr Ken Thompson. 2015: Gillian Barlow, Robert Berry, Neil Bragg, Fergus Garrett, Charles Nelson, Penny Snell and John Pilbeam 2014: Mark Chase, Martin Gardner, Antonio de Almeida Monteiro, Philip Baulk and Gianfranco Giustina 2013 Peter Del Tredici, Peter Furniss, Sue Minter, Alec Pridgeon and Margaret Owen Dr Keith Hammett, New Zealand whose horticultural interests include Sweet Peas and Clivias 2012: Susyn Andrews, John Elliott, Chris Lane, Hugh McAllister, Beverley McConnell 2011: Graham Ross, Christopher Bailes, Rosemary Alexander, Keshab Pradhan 2010: Dr. Stefan T. Buczacki, Bob Brown, Arabella Lennox-Boyd, Haruhiko Nagata, Jennifer Owen 2009 David Wheeler Dr Joan Morgan Jozef van Assche 2008 Dr James B.
Beard for his lifelong contribution to the development and application of scientific principles to turfgrass culture. Dr Beard founded the International Sports Turf Institute and has served the international horticultural community for the past 50 years through research and leadership. John Nelson for his outstanding practical work over many years in the restoration of the Lost Gardens of Heligan, one of Cornwall's best-known tourist attractions. 2007: Rex Dibley, Daniel John Hinkley, Lord Charles Howick 2006: Phillip Cribb, Otto Eisenhut, Aljos Farjon, A. Langton, Norman Looney 2005: Anne-Marie Evans W. H. Frederick, M. Solomon, Sir Richard Storey, Timothy Whiteley 2003: Martin John Bukovac, Richard Bisgrove, J. Dowle, J. Moorby, Peter Raven, S. Sherwood, Vicompte Philippe de Spoelberch 2002: Piet Oudolf, Stella Ross-Craig, B. Machin, John Massey, G. Ogden, Martin Rickard, Lady Emma Tennant, R. Williams 2001: Francis Higginson Cabot, Brian Duncan, Silviero Sansavini, P. Thoday 1883: John Roberts.
1886: Andy Dey - Banffshire Journal http://www.banffshire-journal.co.uk/Features/Memory-Lane/Improvements-in-the-pipeline-7327819.htm 1887: A. Ives 1892: John Heal 1894: Victor Lemoine fr:Victor Lemoine, George Nicholson 1896: Charles Sprague Sargent 1897: Liberty Hyde Bailey 1899: Thomas Francis Rivers 1901: Richard Irwin Lynch Curator of the Cambridge University Botanic Garden, Thomas Meehan 1904: Lucien Louis Daniel 1906: Ernest Henry Wilson 1907: John Gilbert Baker 1921: Robert Lloyd Praeger 1922: William Jackson Bean 1923: Richard Irwin Lynch, Curator of the Cambridge University Botanic Garden 1924: William Rickatson Dykes 1925: David Prain 1926: George Herbert Engleheart 1927: George Forrest 1928: Gertrude Jekyll 1929: Alfred Barton Rendle 1930: William Wright Smith 1931: Otto Stapf 1932: Leonard Cockayne.
Sport (botany)
In botany, a sport or bud sport, traditionally called lusus, is a part of a plant that shows morphological differences from the rest of the plant. Sports may differ by foliage shape or color, fruit, or branch structure; the cause is thought to be a chance genetic mutation. Sports with desirable characteristics are propagated vegetatively to form new cultivars that retain the characteristics of the new morphology; such selections are prone to "reversion", meaning that part or all of the plant reverts to its original form. An example of a bud sport is the nectarine, at least some of which developed as a bud sport from peaches. Other common fruits resulting from a sport mutation are the red Anjou pear and the'Pink Lemonade' lemon, a sport of the "Eureka" lemon. Mosaic
Hardiness (plants)
Hardiness of plants describes their ability to survive adverse growing conditions. It is limited to discussions of climatic adversity, thus a plant's ability to tolerate cold, drought, flooding, or wind are considered measurements of hardiness. Hardiness of plants is defined by their native extent's geographic location: longitude and elevation; these attributes are simplified to a hardiness zone. In temperate latitudes, the term most describes resistance to cold, or "cold-hardiness", is measured by the lowest temperature a plant can withstand. Hardiness of a plant is divided into two categories: tender, hardy; some sources use the erroneous terms "Half-hardy" or "Fully hardy". Tender plants are those killed by freezing temperatures, while hardy plants survive freezing—at least down to certain temperatures, depending on the plant. "Half-hardy" is a term used sometimes in horticulture to describe bedding plants which are sown in heat in winter or early spring, planted outside after all danger of frost has passed.
"Fully hardy" refers to plants being classified under the Royal Horticultural Society classifications, can cause confusion to those not using this method. Plants vary a lot in their tolerance of growing conditions; the selective breeding of varieties capable of withstanding particular climates forms an important part of agriculture and horticulture. Plants adapt to changes in climate on their own to some extent. Part of the work of nursery growers of plants consists of cold hardening, or hardening off their plants, to prepare them for conditions in life. Winter-hardy plants grow during the winter, or at least remain dormant. Apart from hardy evergreens, these include many cultivated plants, including varieties of cabbage and broccoli, all kinds of carrot; some bulbs – such as tulips – need cold winters to bloom, while others – such as freesia – can survive a freezing winter. Many domestic plants are assigned a hardiness zone that specifies the climates in which they can survive. Winter gardens are dependent upon the cultivation of winter-hardy plants.
Woody plants survive freezing temperatures by suppressing the formation of ice in living cells or by allowing water to freeze in plant parts that are not affected by ice formation. The common mechanism for woody plants to survive up to –40 °C is supercooling. Woody plants that survive lower temperatures are dehydrating their cells, allowing water to freeze between cell walls and the cells to survive. Plants considered hardy may not survive freezing if they are not acclimated, which renders them unable to use these mechanisms. Various hardiness ratings are published. In the USA, the most used is the USDA system of hardiness zones based on average minimum yearly temperatures; this system was developed for the diverse range of conditions in the United States, from baking desert to frozen tundra. Another used system is the Sunset Climate Zone system; this system is less dependent on the yearly minimum. In contrast the United Kingdom and Western Europe have an oceanic climate, experience a narrower range of temperatures, tempered by the presence of the Gulf Stream.
This results in areas like western Scotland experiencing mild winter conditions that enable the growing of subtropical plants, despite being well to the north of subtropical climate areas. The Royal Horticultural Society has published a set of hardiness ratings applicable to the UK; the ratings range from H1a to H7. H1a, higher than 15 °C, applies to tropical plants permanently under glass in heat. Most outdoor plants in the UK fall within the range H4, −10 to −5 °C to H5, −15 to −10 °C; the average minimum temperature in the UK is much warmer than the average minimums in most of the US. This means that the coldest areas in the UK would be considered USDA Zone 7, plants considered'Fully Hardy' in the UK may not be hardy below Zone 7 in the US. In addition to cold tolerance, plant hardiness has been observed to be linked to how much stress specific plants are undergoing into the winter, or how fast the onset of cold weather is in a specific year; this means that stressed plants will exhibit less cold tolerance than plants that have been well maintained.
Plants may die if the winter changes from balmy to exceptionally cold in a short period of time. Hardiness zone Microclimate Interactive Version of the 1990 USDA Hardiness Zone Map
France
France the French Republic, is a country whose territory consists of metropolitan France in Western Europe and several overseas regions and territories. The metropolitan area of France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea, from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean, it is bordered by Belgium and Germany to the northeast and Italy to the east, Andorra and Spain to the south. The overseas territories include French Guiana in South America and several islands in the Atlantic and Indian oceans; the country's 18 integral regions span a combined area of 643,801 square kilometres and a total population of 67.3 million. France, a sovereign state, is a unitary semi-presidential republic with its capital in Paris, the country's largest city and main cultural and commercial centre. Other major urban areas include Lyon, Toulouse, Bordeaux and Nice. During the Iron Age, what is now metropolitan France was inhabited by a Celtic people. Rome annexed the area in 51 BC, holding it until the arrival of Germanic Franks in 476, who formed the Kingdom of Francia.
The Treaty of Verdun of 843 partitioned Francia into Middle Francia and West Francia. West Francia which became the Kingdom of France in 987 emerged as a major European power in the Late Middle Ages following its victory in the Hundred Years' War. During the Renaissance, French culture flourished and a global colonial empire was established, which by the 20th century would become the second largest in the world; the 16th century was dominated by religious civil wars between Protestants. France became Europe's dominant cultural and military power in the 17th century under Louis XIV. In the late 18th century, the French Revolution overthrew the absolute monarchy, established one of modern history's earliest republics, saw the drafting of the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen, which expresses the nation's ideals to this day. In the 19th century, Napoleon established the First French Empire, his subsequent Napoleonic Wars shaped the course of continental Europe. Following the collapse of the Empire, France endured a tumultuous succession of governments culminating with the establishment of the French Third Republic in 1870.
France was a major participant in World War I, from which it emerged victorious, was one of the Allies in World War II, but came under occupation by the Axis powers in 1940. Following liberation in 1944, a Fourth Republic was established and dissolved in the course of the Algerian War; the Fifth Republic, led by Charles de Gaulle, remains today. Algeria and nearly all the other colonies became independent in the 1960s and retained close economic and military connections with France. France has long been a global centre of art and philosophy, it hosts the world's fourth-largest number of UNESCO World Heritage Sites and is the leading tourist destination, receiving around 83 million foreign visitors annually. France is a developed country with the world's sixth-largest economy by nominal GDP, tenth-largest by purchasing power parity. In terms of aggregate household wealth, it ranks fourth in the world. France performs well in international rankings of education, health care, life expectancy, human development.
France is considered a great power in global affairs, being one of the five permanent members of the United Nations Security Council with the power to veto and an official nuclear-weapon state. It is a leading member state of the European Union and the Eurozone, a member of the Group of 7, North Atlantic Treaty Organization, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, the World Trade Organization, La Francophonie. Applied to the whole Frankish Empire, the name "France" comes from the Latin "Francia", or "country of the Franks". Modern France is still named today "Francia" in Italian and Spanish, "Frankreich" in German and "Frankrijk" in Dutch, all of which have more or less the same historical meaning. There are various theories as to the origin of the name Frank. Following the precedents of Edward Gibbon and Jacob Grimm, the name of the Franks has been linked with the word frank in English, it has been suggested that the meaning of "free" was adopted because, after the conquest of Gaul, only Franks were free of taxation.
Another theory is that it is derived from the Proto-Germanic word frankon, which translates as javelin or lance as the throwing axe of the Franks was known as a francisca. However, it has been determined that these weapons were named because of their use by the Franks, not the other way around; the oldest traces of human life in what is now France date from 1.8 million years ago. Over the ensuing millennia, Humans were confronted by a harsh and variable climate, marked by several glacial eras. Early hominids led a nomadic hunter-gatherer life. France has a large number of decorated caves from the upper Palaeolithic era, including one of the most famous and best preserved, Lascaux. At the end of the last glacial period, the climate became milder. After strong demographic and agricultural development between the 4th and 3rd millennia, metallurgy appeared at the end of the 3rd millennium working gold and bronze, iron. France has numerous megalithic sites from the Neolithic period, including the exceptiona
Lindley Hall, London
Lindley Hall in Elverton Street, London is the older of the two Royal Horticultural Halls and is owned by RHS Enterprises Limited, part of the charity Royal Horticultural Society in central London. The other is Lawrence Hall, no longer owned by the RHS. Although built as an exhibition hall, Lindley Hall is used for product launches, fashion shows, banquets and other events, it was the monarch King Edward VII who had mooted the idea of the Royal Horticultural Society having a purpose-built exhibition hall for its shows. Lindley Hall was designed by Edwin J Stebbs and was built in 1904 of red brick with stone dressings and banding, with Arts and Crafts features and Renaissance details, his focus on achieving as much natural light as possible remains a key part of the character of the building, though complete blackout is possible. It is noted for its classic Edwardian architecture. On 22 July 1904, together with the Society's patron Queen Alexandra, King Edward VII declared the venue open; the hall hosted the All England Open Badminton Championships from 1910 to 1939.
It was registered as a Grade II listed building in 1970. It is named after the English botanist John Lindley; the Lindley Library, based on his collection, is managed by the RHS on the same site. Events held at the hall include: 1946 World Snooker Championship Marks & Spencer Womenswear Launch International Peace Conference Lancôme Colour Design Awards Stella McCartney Spring/Summer Collection Fashion Show Tom Ford Spring/Summer 2015 show for London Fashion Week Moschino Men's Spring/Summer 2015 Collection Fashion Show and Men's Autumn/Winter 2015 Collection Fashion Show Katie Piper fundraising dinner for the Katie Piper Foundation. Attended by Simon Cowell, Cheryl Fernandez-Versini, Louis Walsh, Mel B Mary Katrantzou Autumn/Winter Collection 2015 show for London Fashion Week Paul Smith Fashion Show Coys of Kensington Classic Car Auctions Volkswagen Launch Event Use of Lindley Hall as a filming location include: BBC Question Time Robbie Williams – Old Before I Die Audi Q5 Royal Horticultural Society Old Hall at English Heritage's Images of England
Royal Horticultural Society
The Royal Horticultural Society, founded in 1804 as the Horticultural Society of London, is the UK's leading gardening charity. The RHS promotes horticulture through flower shows including the Chelsea Flower Show, Hampton Court Palace Flower Show, Tatton Park Flower Show and Cardiff Flower Show, it supports training for professional and amateur gardeners. The current president is Sir Nicholas Bacon, 14th Baronet and the current director general is Sue Biggs CBE; the creation of a British horticultural society was suggested by John Wedgwood in 1800. His aims were modest: he wanted to hold regular meetings, allowing the society's members the opportunity to present papers on their horticultural activities and discoveries, to encourage discussion of them, to publish the results; the society would award prizes for gardening achievements. Wedgwood discussed the idea with his friends, but it was four years before the first meeting, of seven men, took place, on 7 March 1804 at Hatchards bookshop in Piccadilly, London.
Wedgwood was chairman. Banks proposed his friend Thomas Andrew Knight for membership; the proposal was accepted, despite Knight's ongoing feud with Forsyth over a plaster for healing tree wounds which Forsyth was developing. Knight was president of the society from 1811–1838, developed the society's aims and objectives to include a programme of practical research into fruit-breeding. In 2009, more than 363,000 people were members of the society, the number increased to more than 414,000 in 2013. Membership and fellowship of the society were decided by election, but are now by financial contribution. Fellowship may be secured through a "suggested" £5,000 donation each year. Members and Fellows of the Royal Horticultural Society are entitled to use the post-nominal letters MRHS and FRHS, respectively; the Royal Horticultural Society's four major gardens in England are: Wisley Garden, near Wisley in Surrey. The society's first garden was in Kensington, from 1818–1822. In 1820 the society leased some of Hugh Ronalds' nursery ground at Little Ealing to set up an experimental garden, but the next year part of the Duke of Devonshire's estate at Chiswick was obtained.
In 1823 it employed Joseph Paxton there. From 1827 the society held fêtes at the Chiswick garden, from 1833, shows with competitive classes for flowers and vegetables. In 1861 the RHS developed a new garden at South Kensington on land leased from the Royal Commission for the Exhibition of 1851, but it was closed in 1882; the Chiswick garden was maintained until 1903–1904, by which time Sir Thomas Hanbury had bought the garden at Wisley and presented it to the RHS. RHS Garden Wisley is thus the society's oldest garden. Rosemoor came next, presented by Lady Anne Berry in 1988. Hyde Hall was given to the RHS in 1993 by its owners Helen Robinson. Dick Robinson was the owner of the Harry Smith Collection, based at Hyde Hall; the most recent addition is Harlow Carr, acquired by the merger of the Northern Horticultural Society with the RHS in 2001. It had been the Northern Horticultural Society's trial ground and display garden since they bought it in 1949. In 2013, more than 1.63 million people visited the four gardens.
In 2015, the RHS announced plans for a fifth garden at Worsley New Hall, Greater Manchester, under the name RHS Garden Bridgewater. The RHS is well known for its annual flower shows which take place across the UK; the most famous of these shows is the RHS Chelsea Flower Show, visited by people from across world. This is followed by the Hampton Court Palace Flower Show and RHS Tatton Park Flower Show in Cheshire; the most recent addition to the RHS shows line-up is the RHS Show Cardiff, held at Cardiff Castle since 2005. The society is closely involved with the spring and autumn shows at Malvern and with BBC Gardeners' World Live held annually at the Birmingham National Exhibition Centre; the RHS is custodian of the Lindley Library, housed within its headquarters at 80 Vincent Square, in branches at each of its four gardens. The library is based upon the book collection of John Lindley; the RHS Herbarium has its own image library consisting of more than 3,300 original watercolours 30,000 colour slides and a increasing number of digital images.
Although most of the images have been supplied by photographers commissioned by the RHS, the archive includes a substantial number of slides from the Harry Smith Collection and Plant Heritage National Plant Collection holders. The reference library at Wisley Garden is open to visitors to the Garden. In 2002, the RHS took over the administration of the Britain in Bloom competition from the Tidy Britain Group. In 2010, The society launched'It's your neighbourhood', a campaign to encourage people to get involved in horticulture for the benefit of their community. In 2014, the'Britain in Bloom' celebrates its 50th anniversary; the RHS runs formal courses for professional and amateur gardeners and horticulturalists and validates qualifications gained elsewhere. The RHS Level 1 Award in
Tatton Park Flower Show
RHS Flower Show Tatton Park held at Tatton Park, near Knutsford, first began in 1999 by the Royal Horticultural Society. The show houses the RHS National Flower Bed Competition, Young Designer of the Year Award and a wide range of inspirational show gardens, smaller'Back to Back' gardens, visionary gardens and a number of marquees displaying prize plants and flora exhibits. Other key features of the show are the floral marquee and plant plaza, the arts and heritage pavilion, the floral design studio. By the mid-1990s the Society’s confidence in its abilities at staging regional shows had improved, Council was considering the creation of purely RHS shows in the more far-flung regions. By 1996 negotiations were under way with Tatton Park in Cheshire, with Strathclyde Council in Scotland; the Island, a 19-acre site between the River Clyde and Strathclyde Loch, in Strathclyde County Park, southeast of Glasgow, was chosen as the site for a show. Stephen Bennett was quoted as saying, ‘We have long known that Scotland has enormous potential for a show of international standing, response to the concept has been overwhelming’.
The target was 50,000 visitors in the first year. Scotland’s National Gardening Show was launched in 1997, billed as the largest flower show in Scotland since the Glasgow Garden Festival of 1988, it was publicised with a special issue of The Garden devoted to Scottish themes, the first year was seen as a great success, with 260 exhibitors and 47,000 visitors. Over 40 per cent of the exhibitors were Scottish, most of them had never appeared before at an RHS show. Exhibits included a Robert Fortune garden, sponsored by Christian Aid Scotland, devoted to plants that he had introduced. In its second year exhibitor numbers rose to 300, but attendance fell to 43,000 because of adverse weather; the third year, was disastrous: while the mounting costs of an expanding show meant that 50,000 visitors were needed in order for it to break the attendance fell to 35,000 – a third of the attendance attracted by the Tatton Park Show in the same year. In August 1999, the Society reluctantly announced. Scottish horticulturists hurriedly formed a consortium to stage a replacement show, the Royal Caledonian Horticultural Society became involved in its organisation.
The first Tatton Show had been planned for 1998, but in the event it was decided to concentrate on Scotland first. The late Max de Soissons, an experienced organiser of trade exhibitions, hired in 1996 as the RHS manager for the BBC Gardeners’ World Live show in Birmingham, was appointed the Tatton Show manager. At the first Tatton Show in 1999, there were 12 show gardens, 16 back-to-back gardens, 77 nurseries in the main marquee, ten rose growers in the Royal National Rose Show, 200 sundries stands, some 20 plant societies in a specialist societies marquee, about 30 national collections represented in a heritage marquee, a crafts pavilion sponsored by Country Living magazine, a separate furniture pavilion. 70,000 visitors were expected, 102,000 arrived. Tatton, had the friendliest atmosphere of any of the Society's shows. Robert Sweet, the former Torbay Parks Officer, now Head of Shows Development, suggested a competition among parks departments for the best bedding scheme; the plots, each a standard 6×4 ft bed so that the local authorities competed on equal terms despite any differences in their size and wealth, were laid out on either side of a principal avenue: there were six competitors in the first year, 12 in the second, rising to 24 in 2003, by which time the competition was having a decided effect on the media coverage of municipal bedding.
The 2007 show was held 18 - 22 July. The 2008 show was held 23 - 27 July; the 2009 show was held 22 - 26 July. Traffic flow in the area that year was more hindered by simultaneous closure of a slip road at junction 7 on the M56 motorway; the 2010 show was held Tuesday 21st - Sunday 25 July. The schedule was: 20th judging; the 2011 show was held 5 - 10 July. The 2012 show was held 18 – 22 July; the 2013 show was held 25 - 28 July. This show was 4 days only without a members-only day; the 2014 show was held 23 - 27 July. The volume of traffic attracted by this show causes temporary road closures and one-way working in the country lanes between Tatton Park and the A556 road, some congestion on the A556. In recent years the show has developed a reputation for showcasing new talent across all forms of gardening design and the arts. Indeed in 2009 the show introduces two new show garden categories, The RHS Young Designer of the Year Award and the Visionary Gardens where designers are encouraged to break the mould.
Keen to give visitors a new experience the 2011 introduced Ladies Day which saw women dressed stylishly for a fun day out catching up with friends, whilst enjoying the fashion show and sumptuous dinner from Fortnum & Mason. The show still however retains much of the format which has made it successful and friendly with the national flower bed competition, show gardens, floral marquee and plant plaza, the arts and heritage pavilion and the floral design studio all returning each year with great success. RHS Show Tatton Park official site Royal Horticultural Society official site RHS Chelsea Flower Show official site Hampton Court Palace Flower Show official site RHS Show Cardiff official site
