1.
Ebony Bones
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Ebony Bones, born Ebony Thomas, is a British–Caribbean-American actress and singer-songwriter, producer and musician. Her musical style is eclectic and often blends elements of post-punk, Afrobeat, art rock, classical, new-wave and her debut album Bone of My Bones was released to positive reviews in 2009. Recorded in India, her album, Behold, a Pale Horse was released in September 2013. Ebony Bones was named by her original drummer Rat Scabies, of band The Damned, known for her on-stage antics and theatrical costumes, she opened for Cee Lo Greens 2011 Tour across the UK and Europe. Beginning as a musician performing under the stage name Ebony Bones. She anonymously uploaded music onto a blank Myspace page, Scabies encouraged her to also produce her own records, I was very determined to carve out my own sound and not kind of have the pressure of someone else dictating to me what that should be. Her début album Bone of My Bones was released in 2009, in 2010 she was requested to perform live at the Shanghai World Trade Show Expo 2010, Central Park SummerStage in New York, and The Grand Palais in Paris for SFR live concerts. In the summer of 2011 Ebony Bones also debuted new material from her album at The Cannes Film Festival. In 2013, Bones released her second album Behold, A Pale Horse, the record featured the Symphony Orchestra of India and a cover of The Smiths. Behold, A Pale Horse was critically acclaimed and received reviews by the likes of The Independent. She later released her official debut EP titled, Milk & Honey, on her MySpace, Bones cited in her influences singers of all genres such as Fela Kuti, Grace Jones, The Slits, Siouxsie Sioux and Public Enemy. Bones also said, Lauryn Hill is phenomenal, I also like Siouxsie and The Banshees and Missy Elliott. Her music has been described as a modern-minded mash-up of early punk slammed against the sounds of old-school afro-beat icons and her style was described as idiosyncratic and as boasting an especially unique and commanding kind of groove. The Guardian said that Bones created a brand of post-punk mantra-disco. She appeared in Don Kents 2012 film Ballade pour une reine, Bone of My Bones Behold, a Pale Horse Milk & Honey, Pt.1 Official website
2.
Singing
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Singing is the act of producing musical sounds with the voice, and augments regular speech by the use of sustained tonality, rhythm, and a variety of vocal techniques. A person who sings is called a singer or vocalist, Singers perform music that can be sung with or without accompaniment by musical instruments. Singing is often done in an ensemble of musicians, such as a choir of singers or a band of instrumentalists, Singers may perform as soloists, or accompanied by anything from a single instrument up to a symphony orchestra or big band. Singing can be formal or informal, arranged or improvised and it may be done as a form of religious devotion, as a hobby, as a source of pleasure, comfort, or ritual, as part of music education, or as a profession. Excellence in singing requires time, dedication, instruction, and regular practice, if practice is done on a regular basis then the sounds can become more clear and strong. Professional singers usually build their careers around one specific genre, such as classical or rock. They typically take voice training provided by teachers or vocal coaches throughout their careers. Though these four mechanisms function independently, they are coordinated in the establishment of a vocal technique and are made to interact upon one another. During passive breathing, air is inhaled with the diaphragm while exhalation occurs without any effort, exhalation may be aided by the abdominal, internal intercostal and lower pelvis/pelvic muscles. Inhalation is aided by use of external intercostals, scalenes and sternocleidomastoid muscles, the pitch is altered with the vocal cords. With the lips closed, this is called humming, humans have vocal folds which can loosen, tighten, or change their thickness, and over which breath can be transferred at varying pressures. The shape of the chest and neck, the position of the tongue, any one of these actions results in a change in pitch, volume, timbre, or tone of the sound produced. Sound also resonates within different parts of the body and an individuals size, Singers can also learn to project sound in certain ways so that it resonates better within their vocal tract. This is known as vocal resonation, another major influence on vocal sound and production is the function of the larynx which people can manipulate in different ways to produce different sounds. These different kinds of function are described as different kinds of vocal registers. The primary method for singers to accomplish this is through the use of the Singers Formant and it has also been shown that a more powerful voice may be achieved with a fatter and fluid-like vocal fold mucosa. The more pliable the mucosa, the more efficient the transfer of energy from the airflow to the vocal folds, Vocal registration refers to the system of vocal registers within the voice. A register in the voice is a series of tones, produced in the same vibratory pattern of the vocal folds
3.
Vocal harmony
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Vocal harmony is a style of vocal music in which a consonant note or notes are simultaneously sung as a main melody in a predominantly homophonic texture. Vocal harmonies have been an important part of Western art music since the Renaissance-era introduction of Mass melodies harmonized in sweet thirds, with the rise of the Lutheran churchs chorale hymn singing style, congregations sang hymns arranged with four or five-part vocal harmony. In the Romantic era of music during the 1800s, vocal harmonization became more complex, operas and choral music from the Romantic era used tense-sounding vocal harmonies with augmented and diminished intervals as an important tool for underscoring the drama of the music. As well, the rhythm of the harmony parts has to be in time with the lead singer. In more vocally oriented bands, backup singers may have to sing complex parts which demand a vocal agility and sensitivity equal to that of the vocal line. Usually, pop and rock bands use harmony vocals while the rest of the band is playing, however, as an effect, some rock and pop harmony vocals are done a cappella, without instrumental accompaniment. In many rock and metal bands, the musicians doing backup vocals also play instruments, such as keyboards, in Latin or Afro-Cuban groups, backup singers may play percussion instruments or shakers while singing. In some pop and hip-hop groups and in theater, the backup singers may be required to perform elaborately choreographed dance routines while they sing through headset microphones. One of the more complex styles of vocal harmony is the barbershop quartet style, the melody is not usually sung by the tenor or bass. Barbershop quartets are more likely to use dissonant and tense-sounding dominant seventh chords than pop or rock bands and it used smooth, consonant vocal harmonies, with a number of singers imitating instruments while singing nonsense syllables. For example, in The Ravens song Count Every Star, the singers imitate the doomph, doomph plucking-sound of a double bass, well-known hits include In the Still of the Night by The Five Satins and Get a Job by The Silhouettes, a hit in 1958. Doo-wop remained popular until just before the British Invasion of 1964, a cappella Backup singer Barbershop arranging Doo-wop
4.
Lead vocalist
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The lead vocalist, lead vocals or lead singer in popular music is typically the member of a group or band whose voice is the most prominent in a performance where multiple voices may be heard. The lead singer either leads the ensemble, or sets against the ensemble as the dominant sound. In vocal group performances, notably in soul and gospel music, and early rock and roll, as an example in rock music, Mick Jagger is the lead singer of The Rolling Stones. Similarly in soul music, Smokey Robinson was the singer of The Miracles. The practice of using a lead singer in vocal groups, however, has a longer history, songs of the late nineteenth century frequently used a leading solo voice, followed by a choral response by other singers. From these various points - including Motown - it went on to become a device in much rock. In some bands - most famously, The Beatles - the role of lead singer alternated, while in others - for example, there are as many types and styles of lead singer as there are styles and genres of music. However, the singer of a group or band is usually the main focus of audiences attention. The lead vocalist of a band is called the front man or front woman. Pink Floyd also can be considered a band with two front men, as both the guitarist David Gilmour and the bassist Roger Waters sang and wrote most of the songs. In the beginning of the career, however, Pink Floyds lead singer and guitarist was Syd Barrett. Particularly before the 1970s, many bands were named for the leader or founder, rather than the lead singer, examples include the Dave Clark Five and Harold Melvin. In modern rock music, the singer is often, but not always, also the bands leader. While lead singers or spokespersons for any musical ensembles can be called a front man, since the position commonly has an expanded role from simple lead vocalists, there have been cases in which the front man for a band is someone other than the lead vocalist. In many bands, such as The Who, Fall Out Boy, Led Zeppelin, Living Colour, Queen and Oasis, usually, this is derived from that guitarists specific role as a co-songwriter, co-founder and/or co-vocalist. Also in some cases, there are two frontmen, such as Underoath, with singers Spencer Chamberlain and Aaron Gillespie sharing vocal duties, another example is Blink-182, in which vocal duties are split between bassist Mark Hoppus and guitarist Tom DeLonge. Hoppus usually carries out most media either by himself or together with DeLonge, linkin Park has two vocalists as well, Chester Bennington and Mike Shinoda, both considered as frontmen. Another example is the metal band Metallica, in which James Hetfield
5.
Popular music
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Popular music is music with wide appeal that is typically distributed to large audiences through the music industry. These forms and styles can be enjoyed and performed by people with little or no musical training and it stands in contrast to both art music and traditional or folk music. Art music was historically disseminated through the performances of music, although since the beginning of the recording industry. Traditional music forms such as blues songs or hymns were passed along orally, or to smaller. The original application of the term is to music of the 1880s Tin Pan Alley period in the United States, although popular music sometimes is known as pop music, the two terms are not interchangeable. Popular music songs and pieces typically have easily singable melodies, in the 2000s, with songs and pieces available as digital sound files, it has become easier for music to spread from one country or region to another. Some popular music forms have become global, while others have an appeal within the culture of their origin. Through the mixture of genres, new popular music forms are created to reflect the ideals of a global culture. The examples of Africa, Indonesia and the Middle East show how Western pop music styles can blend with local traditions to create new hybrid styles. Sales of recordings or sheet music are one measure, middleton and Manuel note that this definition has problems because multiple listens or plays of the same song or piece are not counted. Manuel states that one criticism of music is that it is produced by large media conglomerates and passively consumed by the public. He claims that the listeners in the scenario would not have been able to make the choice of their favorite music, moreover, understandings of popular music have changed with time. A societys popular music reflects the ideals that are prevalent at the time it is performed or published, david Riesman states that the youth audiences of popular music fit into either a majority group or a subculture. The majority group listens to the commercially produced styles while the subcultures find a minority style to transmit their own values and this allows youth to choose what music they identify with, which gives them power as consumers to control the market of popular music. Form in popular music is most often sectional, the most common sections being verse, chorus or refrain, other common forms include thirty-two-bar form, chorus form *, and twelve-bar blues. Popular music songs are rarely composed using different music for each stanza of the lyrics, the verse and chorus are considered the primary elements. Each verse usually has the melody, but the lyrics change for most verses. The chorus usually has a phrase and a key lyrical line which is repeated
6.
Folk music
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Folk music includes both traditional music and the genre that evolved from it during the 20th century folk revival. The term originated in the 19th century, but is applied to music older than that. Some types of music are also called world music. Traditional folk music has been defined in several ways, as music transmitted orally, music with unknown composers and it has been contrasted with commercial and classical styles. Starting in the century, a new form of popular folk music evolved from traditional folk music. This process and period is called the revival and reached a zenith in the 1960s. This form of music is called contemporary folk music or folk revival music to distinguish it from earlier folk forms. Smaller, similar revivals have occurred elsewhere in the world at other times and this type of folk music also includes fusion genres such as folk rock, folk metal, electric folk, and others. Even individual songs may be a blend of the two, a consistent definition of traditional folk music is elusive. The terms folk music, folk song, and folk dance are comparatively recent expressions and they are extensions of the term folklore, which was coined in 1846 by the English antiquarian William Thoms to describe the traditions, customs, and superstitions of the uncultured classes. Traditional folk music also includes most indigenous music, however, despite the assembly of an enormous body of work over some two centuries, there is still no certain definition of what folk music is. Some do not even agree that the term Folk Music should be used, Folk music may tend to have certain characteristics but it cannot clearly be differentiated in purely musical terms. One meaning often given is that of old songs, with no known composers, the fashioning and re-fashioning of the music by the community that give it its folk character. Such definitions depend upon processes rather than abstract musical types, one widely used definition is simply Folk music is what the people sing. For Scholes, as well as for Cecil Sharp and Béla Bartók, Folk music was already. seen as the authentic expression of a way of life now past or about to disappear, particularly in a community uninfluenced by art music and by commercial and printed song. In these terms folk music may be seen as part of a schema comprising four types, primitive or tribal, elite or art, folk. Music in this genre is often called traditional music. Although the term is only descriptive, in some cases people use it as the name of a genre
7.
World music
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The term was popularized in the 1980s as a marketing category for non-Western traditional music. Globalization has facilitated the expansion of world musics audiences and scope and it has grown to include hybrid subgenres such as world fusion, global fusion, ethnic fusion, and worldbeat. To enhance the process of learning, he invited more than a dozen visiting performers from Africa and Asia, the term became current in the 1980s as a marketing/classificatory device in the media and the music industry. There are several conflicting definitions for world music, one is that it consists of all the music in the world, though such a broad definition renders the term virtually meaningless. The term also is taken as a classification of music that combines Western popular music styles with one of many genres of music that are also described as folk music or ethnic music. However, world music is not exclusively traditional folk music and it may include cutting edge pop music styles as well. Succinctly, it can be described as music from out there. It is a nebulous term with an increasing number of genres that fall under the umbrella of world music to capture musical trends of combined ethnic style and texture. As a result, definitions of the genre have become particularly varied, similar terminology between distinctly different sub-categories under primary music genres, such as world, rock and pop can be as ambiguous and confusing to industry moguls as it is to consumers. In a report on the 2014 globalFEST National Public Radios Anastasia Tsioulcas said Even within the music community. Whats more, I believe that in peoples imaginations, world music means a kind of fairly awful, gloppy, hippy-ish. Its a problematic, horrible term that satisfies absolutely no one, the Breton musician Alan Stivell pioneered the connection between traditional folk music, modern rock music and world music with his 1972 album Renaissance of the Celtic Harp. At this time, Stivells contemporary, Welsh singer-songwriter Meic Stevens popularised Welsh folk music, more recently, other Welsh-language bands such as Calan and 9 Bach have achieved international acclaim. The broad category of music includes isolated forms of ethnic music from diverse geographical regions. These dissimilar strains of music are commonly categorized together by virtue of their indigenous roots. World fusion / Worldbeat / Ethnic fusion / Global fusion can also blend specific indigenous sounds with more blatant elements of Western pop. Depending on style and context, world music can sometimes share the music genre. Good examples are Tibetan bowls, Tuvan throat singing, Gregorian chant or Native American flute music, World music blended with new-age music is a sound, loosely classified as the hybrid genre, ethnic fusion
8.
Rock music
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It has its roots in 1940s and 1950s rock and roll, itself heavily influenced by blues, rhythm and blues and country music. Rock music also drew strongly on a number of genres such as electric blues and folk. Musically, rock has centered on the guitar, usually as part of a rock group with electric bass guitar. Typically, rock is song-based music usually with a 4/4 time signature using a verse-chorus form, like pop music, lyrics often stress romantic love but also address a wide variety of other themes that are frequently social or political in emphasis. Punk was an influence into the 1980s on the subsequent development of subgenres, including new wave, post-punk. From the 1990s alternative rock began to rock music and break through into the mainstream in the form of grunge, Britpop. Similarly, 1970s punk culture spawned the visually distinctive goth and emo subcultures and this trio of instruments has often been complemented by the inclusion of other instruments, particularly keyboards such as the piano, Hammond organ and synthesizers. The basic rock instrumentation was adapted from the blues band instrumentation. A group of musicians performing rock music is termed a rock band or rock group, Rock music is traditionally built on a foundation of simple unsyncopated rhythms in a 4/4 meter, with a repetitive snare drum back beat on beats two and four. Melodies are often derived from older musical modes, including the Dorian and Mixolydian, harmonies range from the common triad to parallel fourths and fifths and dissonant harmonic progressions. Critics have stressed the eclecticism and stylistic diversity of rock, because of its complex history and tendency to borrow from other musical and cultural forms, it has been argued that it is impossible to bind rock music to a rigidly delineated musical definition. These themes were inherited from a variety of sources, including the Tin Pan Alley pop tradition, folk music and rhythm, as a result, it has been seen as articulating the concerns of this group in both style and lyrics. Christgau, writing in 1972, said in spite of some exceptions, rock and roll usually implies an identification of male sexuality, according to Simon Frith rock was something more than pop, something more than rock and roll. Rock musicians combined an emphasis on skill and technique with the concept of art as artistic expression, original. The foundations of music are in rock and roll, which originated in the United States during the late 1940s and early 1950s. Its immediate origins lay in a melding of various musical genres of the time, including rhythm and blues and gospel music, with country. In 1951, Cleveland, Ohio disc jockey Alan Freed began playing rhythm and blues music for a multi-racial audience, debate surrounds which record should be considered the first rock and roll record. Other artists with rock and roll hits included Chuck Berry, Bo Diddley, Fats Domino, Little Richard, Jerry Lee Lewis
9.
Heavy metal music
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Heavy metal is a genre of rock music that developed in the late 1960s and early 1970s, largely in the United Kingdom and the United States. Heavy metal lyrics and performance styles are associated with aggression. The first heavy metal such as Led Zeppelin, Black Sabbath. During the mid-1970s, Judas Priest helped spur the evolution by discarding much of its blues influence, Motörhead introduced a punk rock sensibility. Beginning in the late 1970s, bands in the new wave of British heavy metal such as Iron Maiden, before the end of the decade, heavy metal fans became known as metalheads or headbangers. During the 1980s, glam metal became popular with such as Mötley Crüe. Since the mid-1990s popular styles have further expanded the definition of the genre and these include groove metal and nu metal, the latter of which often incorporates elements of grunge and hip hop. Heavy metal is characterized by loud distorted guitars, emphatic rhythms, dense bass-and-drum sound. Metal subgenres variously emphasize, alter, or omit one or more of these attributes, the typical band lineup includes a drummer, a bassist, a rhythm guitarist, a lead guitarist, and a singer, who may or may not be an instrumentalist. Keyboard instruments are used to enhance the fullness of the sound. Deep Purples Jon Lord played an overdriven Hammond organ, in 1970, John Paul Jones used a Moog synthesizer on Led Zeppelin III, by the 1990s, in. almost every subgenre of heavy metal synthesizers were used. The electric guitar and the power that it projects through amplification has historically been the key element in heavy metal. The heavy metal guitar sound comes from a use of high volumes. Guitar solos are an element of the heavy metal code. That underscores the significance of the guitar to the genre, most heavy metal songs featur at least one guitar solo, which is a primary means through which the heavy metal performer expresses virtuosity. One exception is nu metal bands, which tend to omit guitar solos, with rhythm guitar parts, the heavy crunch sound in heavy metal. Palm muting the strings with the hand and using distortion. Palm muting creates a tighter, more sound and it emphasizes the low end
10.
Power trio
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While one or more band members typically sing, power trios emphasize instrumental performance and overall impact over vocals and lyrics. The rise of the trio in the 1960s was made possible in part by developments in amplifier technology that greatly enhanced the volume of the electric guitar. Particularly, the popularization of the bass guitar defined the bottom end. Since the amplified bass could also now be louder, the rest of the band could play at higher volumes. This allowed a three-person band to have the same impact as a large band but left far more room for improvisation and creativity. A power trio, at least in its blues rock incarnation, is generally held to have developed out of Chicago-style blues bands such as Muddy Waters trio. In 1964 Frank Zappa played guitar in a power trio The Muthers together with Paul Woods on bass, in 1966 the prototypical blues-rock power trio Cream was formed, consisting of Eric Clapton on guitar/vocals, Jack Bruce on bass/vocals, and Ginger Baker on drums. Other influential 1960s-era blues rock/hard rock power trio bands were The Jimi Hendrix Experience, Blue Cheer, Grand Funk Railroad, The James Gang featuring Joe Walsh, and Taste. Well-known 1970s-era power trios include the Canadian progressive rock groups Rush and Triumph, the American band ZZ Top, the British heavy metal band Motörhead, after the 1970s, the phrase power trio was generally applied to just about any three-piece rock band. Organ trio, a soul jazz or jam band group centered on the Hammond organ Power duo
11.
Afro-Cuban
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The term Afro-Cuban refers to Cubans who mostly have West African ancestry, and to historical or cultural elements in Cuba thought to emanate from this community. The term can refer to the combining of African and other elements found in Cuban society such as race, religion, music, language, the arts. According to a 2002 national census which surveyed 11.2 million Cubans,1.1 million Cubans described themselves as Black, thus a significant proportion of those living on the island affirm some African ancestry. A study from 2014 estimated the genetic admixture of the population of Cuba to be 72% European, 20% African, recently, many African immigrants have been coming to Cuba, especially from Angola. The percentage of Afro-Cubans on the island increased after the 1959 Cuban revolution led by Fidel Castro due to migration from the island of the largely white Cuban professional class. A small percentage of Afro-Cubans left Cuba, mostly for the United States, where they and their U. S. -born children are called Cuban Americans, Hispanic-Americans, and African Americans. Only a few of them resided in nearby Spanish-speaking country of Dominican Republic, the Institute for Cuban and Cuban-American Studies at the University of Miami says 62% are black. In Equatorial Guinea, they part of the Emancipados, in Nigeria. Despite being free to return to Cuba when their tenure was over, the former slaves were brought to Africa by the Royal Orders of September 13,1845 and a June 20,1861 deportation from Cuba, due to the lack of volunteers. Similar circumstances previously occurred during the 17th century where ex-slaves from both Cuba and Brazil were offered the same opportunity, Angola also has communities of Afro-Cubans, Amparos. They are descendants of Afro-Cuban soldiers brought to the country in 1975 as a result of the Cuban involvement in the Cold War, Fidel Castro deployed thousands of troops to the country during the Angolan Civil War. As a result of this era, there exists a small Spanish-speaking community in Angola of Afro-Cubans numbering about 100,000, Haitian Creole and culture first entered Cuba with the arrival of Haitian immigrants at the start of the 19th century. Haiti was a French colony, and the years of the 1791–1804 Haitian Revolution brought a wave of French settlers fleeing with their Haitian slaves to Cuba. They came mainly to the east, and especially Guantánamo, where the French later introduced sugar cultivation, constructed sugar refineries, by 1804, some 30,000 French were living in Baracoa and Maisí, the furthest eastern municipalities of the province. Later, Haitians continued to come to Cuba to work as braceros in the fields cutting cane and their living and working conditions were not much better than slavery. Although they planned to return to Haiti, most stayed on in Cuba, for years, many Haitians and their descendants in Cuba did not identify themselves as such or speak Creole. In the eastern part of the island, many Haitians suffered discrimination, but according to the Castro regime, since 1959, when he took over, this discrimination has stopped. After Spanish, Creole is the second language in Cuba
12.
Hip hop music
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It developed as part of hip hop culture, a subculture defined by four key stylistic elements, MCing/rapping, DJing/scratching with turntables, break dancing, and graffiti writing. Other elements include sampling beats or bass lines from records, while often used to refer solely to rapping, hip hop more properly denotes the practice of the entire subculture. Hip hops early evolution occurred as sampling technology and drum machines became available and affordable. Turntablist techniques such as scratching and beatmatching developed along with the breaks and Jamaican toasting, rapping developed as a vocal style in which the artist speaks or chants along rhythmically with an instrumental or synthesized beat. The Sugarhill Gangs 1979 song Rappers Delight is widely regarded to be the first hip hop record to gain popularity in the mainstream. The 1980s marked the diversification of hip hop as the genre developed more complex styles, prior to the 1980s, hip hop music was largely confined within the United States. However, during the 1980s, it began to spread to scenes in dozens of countries. New school hip hop was the wave of hip hop music, originating in 1983–84 with the early records of Run-D. M. C. The Golden age hip hop period was a period between the mid-1980s and the early 1990s. Notable artists from this era include the Juice Crew, Public Enemy, & Rakim, Boogie Down Productions and KRS-One, EPMD, Slick Rick, Beastie Boys, Kool G Rap, Big Daddy Kane, Ultramagnetic MCs, De La Soul, and A Tribe Called Quest. Gangsta rap is a subgenre of hip hop that often focuses on the violent lifestyles, in the West Coast hip hop style, G-funk dominated mainstream hip hop for several years during the 1990s. I. G. In the 1990s, hip hop began to diversify with other regional styles emerging, such as Southern rap, at the same time, hip hop continued to be assimilated into other genres of popular music, examples being Neo soul and nu metal. Hip hop became a pop music genre in the mid-1990s. The popularity of hip hop music continued through the 2000s, with hip hop influences also increasingly finding their way into mainstream pop, the United States also saw the success of regional styles such as crunk, a Southern genre that emphasized the beats and music more than the lyrics. Starting in 2005, sales of hip hop music in the United States began to severely wane, during the mid-2000s, alternative hip hop secured a place in the mainstream, due in part to the crossover success of artists such as OutKast and Kanye West. Creation of the hip hop is often credited to Keith Cowboy, rapper with Grandmaster Flash. However, Lovebug Starski, Keith Cowboy, and DJ Hollywood used the term when the music was known as disco rap. Cowboy later worked the hip hop cadence into a part of his stage performance, the first use of the term in print was in The Village Voice, by Steven Hager, later author of a 1984 history of hip hop
13.
Musical theatre
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Musical theatre is a form of theatrical performance that combines songs, spoken dialogue, acting, and dance. The story and emotional content of a musical – humor, pathos, love, anger – are communicated through the words, music, movement, since the early 20th century, musical theatre stage works have generally been called, simply, musicals. These were followed by the numerous Edwardian musical comedies and the theatre works of American creators like George M. Cohan. Musicals are performed around the world and they may be presented in large venues, such as big-budget Broadway or West End productions in New York City or London. Alternatively, musicals may be staged in smaller fringe theatre, Off-Broadway or regional theatre productions, musicals are often presented by amateur and school groups in churches, schools and other performance spaces. In addition to the United States and Britain, there are vibrant musical theatre scenes in continental Europe, Asia, Australasia, Canada, the three main components of a book musical are its music, lyrics and book. The interpretation of a musical is the responsibility of its team, which includes a director. A musicals production is also characterized by technical aspects, such as set design, costumes, stage properties, lighting. The creative team, designs and interpretations generally change from the production to succeeding productions. Some production elements, however, may be retained from the production, for example. There is no fixed length for a musical, while it can range from a short one-act entertainment to several acts and several hours in length, most musicals range from one and a half to three hours. Musicals are usually presented in two acts, with one intermission, and the first act is frequently longer than the second. A book musical is usually built four to six main theme tunes that are reprised later in the show. Several shorter musicals on Broadway and in the West End have been presented in one act in recent decades, moments of greatest dramatic intensity in a book musical are often performed in song. Proverbially, when the emotion becomes too strong for speech, you sing, typically, many fewer words are sung in a five-minute song than are spoken in a five-minute block of dialogue. Therefore, there is time to develop drama in a musical than in a straight play of equivalent length. Within the compressed nature of a musical, the writers must develop the characters, the material presented in a musical may be original, or it may be adapted from novels, plays, classic legends, historical events or films. On the other hand, many musical theatre works have been adapted for musical films, such as West Side Story, My Fair Lady, The Sound of Music, Oliver
14.
The Beach Boys
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The Beach Boys are an American rock band formed in Hawthorne, California in 1961. The groups original lineup consisted of brothers Brian, Dennis, and Carl Wilson, their cousin Mike Love, distinguished by their vocal harmonies and early surf songs, they are one of the most influential acts of the rock era. The Beach Boys began as a band managed by the Wilsons father Murry. Emerging at the vanguard of the California Sound, they performed material that reflected a southern California youth culture of surfing, cars. After 1964, they abandoned the surfing aesthetic for more personal lyrics, in 1966, the Pet Sounds album and Good Vibrations single vaulted the group to the top level of rock innovators and established the band as symbols of the nascent counterculture era. Following Smiles dissolution, Brian gradually ceded production and songwriting duties to the rest of the band, reducing his input because of mental health and substance abuse issues. The continued success of their greatest hits albums during the mid 1970s precipitated the transition into an oldies act. Since the 1980s, much-publicized legal wrangling over royalties, songwriting credits, Dennis drowned in 1983 and Carl died of lung cancer in 1998. After Carls death, many live configurations of the band fronted by Mike Love, Even though Wilson and Jardine have not performed with Love and Johnstons band since their one-off 2012 reunion tour, they remain a part of the Beach Boys corporation, Brother Records Inc. The Beach Boys are one of the most critically acclaimed, commercially successful, the group had over eighty songs chart worldwide, thirty-six of them US Top 40 hits, four reaching number-one on the Billboard Hot 100 chart. They received their only Grammy Award for The Smile Sessions, the core quintet of the three Wilsons, Love and Jardine were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1988. At the time of his birthday on June 20,1958, Brian Wilson shared a bedroom with his brothers, Dennis and Carl – aged thirteen and eleven. He had watched his father, Murry Wilson, play piano, after dissecting songs such as Ivory Tower and Good News, Brian would teach family members how to sing the background harmonies. For his birthday that year, Brian received a tape recorder. He learned how to overdub, using his vocals and those of Carl, Brian played piano with Carl and David Marks, an eleven-year-old longtime neighbor, playing guitars they had each received as Christmas presents. Soon Brian and Carl were avidly listening to Johnny Otis KFOX radio show, inspired by the simple structure and vocals of the rhythm and blues songs he heard, Brian changed his piano-playing style and started writing songs. His enthusiasm interfered with his studies at school. Family gatherings brought the Wilsons in contact with cousin Mike Love, Brian taught Loves sister Maureen and a friend harmonies
15.
The Beatles
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The Beatles were an English rock band, formed in Liverpool in 1960. With members John Lennon, Paul McCartney, George Harrison and Ringo Starr, the Beatles built their reputation playing clubs in Liverpool and Hamburg over a three-year period from 1960, with Stuart Sutcliffe initially serving as bass player. The core of Lennon, McCartney and Harrison went through a succession of drummers, including Pete Best, before asking Starr to join them. They acquired the nickname the Fab Four as Beatlemania grew in Britain the next year, from 1965 onwards, the Beatles produced increasingly innovative recordings, including the albums Rubber Soul, Revolver, Sgt. Peppers Lonely Hearts Club Band, The Beatles and Abbey Road, after their break-up in 1970, they each enjoyed successful musical careers of varying lengths. McCartney and Starr, the members, remain musically active. Lennon was shot and killed in December 1980, and Harrison died of cancer in November 2001. The Beatles are the band in history, with estimated sales of over 600 million records worldwide. They have had more number-one albums on the British charts and sold more singles in the UK than any other act, according to the RIAA, the Beatles are also the best-selling music artists in the United States, with 178 million certified units. In 2008, the group topped Billboard magazines list of the all-time most successful Hot 100 artists, as of 2016 and they have received ten Grammy Awards, an Academy Award for Best Original Song Score and fifteen Ivor Novello Awards. The group was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1988 and they were also collectively included in Time magazines compilation of the twentieth centurys 100 most influential people. In March 1957, John Lennon, then aged sixteen, formed a group with several friends from Quarry Bank school. They briefly called themselves the Blackjacks, before changing their name to the Quarrymen after discovering that a local group was already using the other name. Fifteen-year-old Paul McCartney joined as a rhythm guitarist shortly after he, in February 1958, McCartney invited his friend George Harrison to watch the band. The fourteen-year-old auditioned for Lennon, impressing him with his playing, after a month of Harrisons persistence, they enlisted him as their lead guitarist. By January 1959, Lennons Quarry Bank friends had left the group, the three guitarists, billing themselves at least three times as Johnny and the Moondogs, were playing rock and roll whenever they could find a drummer. They used the name until May, when they became the Silver Beetles, before undertaking a tour of Scotland as the backing group for pop singer. By early July, they had changed their name to the Silver Beatles, allan Williams, the Beatles unofficial manager, arranged a residency for them in Hamburg, but lacking a full-time drummer they auditioned and hired Pete Best in mid-August 1960
16.
In My Room
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In My Room is a song written by Brian Wilson and Gary Usher for the American rock band The Beach Boys. It was released on their 1963 album Surfer Girl and it was also released as the B-side of the Be True to Your School single. The single peaked at number 23 in the U. S. and was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame in 1999. In My Room was ranked number 212 on Rolling Stones list of The 500 Greatest Songs of All Time, Gary Usher explained that In My Room found us taking our craft a little more seriously. Brian and I came back to the one night after playing over-the-line. I played bass and Brian was on organ, the song was written in an hour. The concept meant a lot to him, when we finished, it was late, after our midnight curfew. In fact, Murry came in a couple of times and wanted me to leave, anyway, we got Audree, who was putting her hair up before bed, and we played it for her. She said, Thats the most beautiful song ever written. Murry said, Not bad, Usher, not bad, which was the nicest thing he said to me. Gary Usher further describes that Brian was always saying that his room was his whole world, Brian seconds this opinion, I had a room, and I thought of it as my kingdom. And I wrote that song, very definitely, that youre not afraid when youre in your room, in 1990, Brian wrote, I also enjoyed producing In My Room. There is a story behind this song, when Dennis, Carl and I lived in Hawthorne as kids, we all slept in the same room. One night I sang the song Ivory Tower to them and they liked it, then a couple of weeks later, I proceeded to teach them both how to sing the harmony parts to it. It took them a little while, but they learned it. We then sang this song night after night, when we recorded In My Room, there was just Dennis, Carl and me on the first verse. and we sounded just like we did in our bedroom all those nights. This story has more meaning than ever since Dennis death, the 1993 CD box set, Good Vibrations, Thirty Years of The Beach Boys, contains an early version of In My Room with a number of differences from the eventual official release. It is unclear if this fully developed demo was recorded the day as the final version on July 16,1963
17.
Surfer Girl (song)
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Surfer Girl is a song written, produced and sung by Brian Wilson for American rock band the Beach Boys. It was released as a single and it appeared on the 1963 album of the same name. The B-side of the single was Little Deuce Coupe, the single was the first Beach Boys record to have Wilson officially credited as the producer. Written solely by Brian Wilson, the song is his very first composition, the lyrics were inspired by Judy Bowles, Wilsons first serious girlfriend who he had dated for three and a half years. He explained the genesis of the song, Back in 1961, and I put myself to the test in my car one day. I was actually driving to a hot dog stand, and I actually created a melody in my head without being able to hear it on a piano, I sang it to myself, I didnt even sing it out loud in the car. When I got home that day, I finished the song, wrote the bridge, put the harmonies together, the song was based on a Dion and the Belmonts version of When You Wish upon a Star, which has the same AABA form. As a solo artist, Wilson later covered it for the tribute album In the Key of Disney, the band first recorded the song at World Pacific Studios on February 8,1962 which was one of the bands first ever recording sessions. However, the recordings from that session, engineered by Hite Morgan, Surfer Girl is played in 12/8 time. The instrumental track as well as the vocals for the released version were recorded on June 12,1963 at Western Recorders. The session was produced by Brian, the first song, along with Little Deuce Coupe, the musicians on the track are David Marks and Carl Wilson on guitar, Brian Wilson on bass guitar and Dennis Wilson on drums. The finished instrumental track can be heard on the 1968 release Stack-O-Tracks, the song is sung by the group - Mike Love, Carl and Dennis Wilson - with lead vocal by Brian. Also recorded during that session was Little Deuce Coupe The Surfer Girl single backed with Little Deuce Coupe was released under Capitol Records in the United States on July 22,1963. The single entered the Billboard chart on August 3 and it would hit the Top 40 on August 17 at the number 28 position. After the single had been on the charts for six weeks it peaked at number 7 on September 14,1963 and it placed at number 5, for three weeks, in Cash Box and number 3 in the UPI weekly survey used by newspapers. The single also peaked in the U. S. Billboard R & B chart at number 18 in September 1963, internationally, it was number 1 on New Zealands Teen Scene chart and number 8 in Australia. The single however failed to make any impact on the charts, years later, in May 2003, the song was released on an EP under Capitol Records along with Surfin U. S. A. Dont Worry Baby and The Beach Boys Medley, however the record failed to chart
18.
Brian Wilson
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Brian Douglas Wilson is an American musician, singer, songwriter, and record producer best known for being the multi-tasking leader and co-founder of the rock band the Beach Boys. After signing with Capitol Records in 1962, Wilson wrote or co-wrote more than two dozen Top 40 hits for the group, in the mid-1960s, Wilson composed, arranged and produced Pet Sounds, considered one of the greatest albums ever made. The intended follow-up to Pet Sounds, Smile, was canceled for various reasons, as he suffered repeated nervous breakdowns, Wilsons contributions to the Beach Boys diminished, and his erratic behavior led to tensions with the band. He remains a member of the Beach Boys corporation, Brother Records Incorporated, Wilsons work with the Beach Boys helped raise pop music to the level of high art. Wilson effectively set a precedent that allowed bands and artists to enter a recording studio and his songs became inextricably tied with the zeitgeist of the early 1960s, and he helped develop the sound of the wistful Flower Power era that proceeded. In later years, Wilson was regarded as a godfather to an era of musicians who were inspired by his melodic sensibilities, chamber pop orchestrations. His honors include being inducted into the 1988 Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and winning Grammy Awards for Brian Wilson Presents Smile and The Smile Sessions. In lists published by Rolling Stone, Wilson ranked 52 for the 100 Greatest Singers of All Time in 2008 and 12 for the 100 Greatest Songwriters of All Time in 2015. In 2012, music publication NME ranked Wilson number 8 in its 50 Greatest Producers Ever list and he is an occasional actor and voice actor, having appeared in television shows, films, and other artists music videos. His life was portrayed in the 2014 biopic Love & Mercy, Brian Douglas Wilson was born on June 20,1942, at Centinela Hospital in Inglewood, California, the son of Audree Neva and Murry Wilson. He was the eldest of three boys, his brothers were Dennis and Carl. He has English, Swedish, Dutch, German, and Irish ancestry, when Brian was two, the family moved from Inglewood to 3701 West 119th Street in nearby Hawthorne, California. Murry Wilson said, He was very clever and quick, I just fell in love with him. At about age two, Brian heard George Gershwins Rhapsody in Blue, which had an emotional impact on him. A few years later, he was discovered to have diminished hearing in his right ear. The exact cause of hearing loss is unclear, though theories range from him simply being born partially deaf to a blow to the head from his father, or a neighborhood bully. While Brians father Murry was ostensibly a reasonable provider, he was often abusive, a minor musician and songwriter, he also encouraged his children in this field in numerous ways. At an early age, Brian was given six weeks of lessons on a toy accordion and, at seven and eight, at Hawthorne High School, Brian was on the football team as a quarterback, played baseball and was a cross-country runner in his senior year
19.
Mike Love
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Michael Edward Mike Love is an American singer, songwriter, musician, and activist who co-founded the Beach Boys. Characterized by his nasal, sometimes baritone singing, Love has been one of the vocalists and lyricists for most of their career. He is often regarded as a figure in the bands history. In the 1960s, Love collaborated with Wilson and was a lyricist on singles including Fun, Fun, Fun, during this period, his lyrics primarily reflected the youth culture of surfing, cars, and romance, which helped fashion pop cultures perception of the California Dream. Starting in 1968, Love became a teacher of Transcendental Meditation under Maharishi Mahesh Yogi, the experience influenced his lyrics to take on themes of astrology, meditation, politics and ecology. Following this, Loves lyrical direction shifted to attempt to recapture the bands earlier, in the late 1970s, Love began working on solo albums, releasing his first and only in 1981, Looking Back with Love. In 1988, he, along with the founding members of the Beach Boys, was inducted into the Rock. The same year, the song, Kokomo, co-written by Love, in 1998, following the death of cousin Carl Wilson, Love and longtime Beach Boy Bruce Johnston were given an exclusive license to tour under the name the Beach Boys. The other surviving Beach Boys, Brian Wilson and Al Jardine, in 2011, the group reunited to produce a new album and embark on a tour for their 50th anniversary. Following the 50th anniversary reunion shows, Love resumed touring only with Johnston, Loves mother, Emily Wilson, was the sister of Mary and Murry Wilson, a family resident in Los Angeles since the early 1920s. Glee married Edward Milton Love, the son of the founder of the Love Sheet Metal Company, michael Edward, the first of six children, was born in the Baldwin Hills district of Los Angeles, in 1941, thereafter the family moved to the upmarket View Park area. Mike attended Dorsey High School and graduated in 1959, unsure of a career direction, he pumped gas and briefly joined his fathers company, whose fortunes dramatically declined in the late 1950s. Both Milt and Glee Love were active in sports, and Glee had a distinct interest in painting, like her brother, Murry, however, she was also strong-willed and, according to her husband, a dominant personality. The family was close-knit and regularly socialized with Murry and Audree Wilson, Murry Wilson was a part-time songwriter. Mike Love befriended the Wilson sons and often sang at family get-togethers at the Wilsons home in nearby Hawthorne and it was here, under the vocal harmony guidance of Brian Wilson, that the Beach Boys sound was established, predominantly influenced by Brians devotion to the Four Freshmens arrangements. Musical accompaniment during this phase was solely Brians self-taught piano. With the failure of Love Sheet Metal, the family was forced to move to a modest two-bedroom house in Inglewood, Love played rudimentary saxophone in the first years of the fledgling garage band that evolved from the Pendletones to the Beach Boys. He also established himself, along with neighbor Gary Usher, local DJ Roger Christian, as the Beach Boys career developed, all members contributed lead vocals to hit songs, but Love remained the central vocal focus on songs like Do It Again
20.
Carl Wilson
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Carl Dean Wilson was an American musician, singer, songwriter, and record producer who co-founded the Beach Boys. He is best remembered as their lead guitarist and as the youngest brother of bandmates Brian, unlike other members of the band, he often played alongside the studio musicians employed during the groups critical and commercial peak in the mid 1960s. During the 1980s, he attempted to launch a career, releasing the albums Carl Wilson. Shortly before his death, he recorded material with Gerry Beckley and Robert Lamm, in 1988, Carl was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of the Beach Boys. Carl Dean Wilson was born in Hawthorne, California, the youngest son of Audree Neva, from his pre-teens he practiced harmony vocals under the guidance of his brother Brian, who often sang in the family music room with his mother and brothers. Inspired by country star Spade Cooley, at the age of 12, Carl asked his parents to buy him a guitar, for which he took some lessons. In 1982, Carl remembered from this time, The kid across the street, David Marks, was taking lessons from John Maus, so I started. David and I were about 12 and John was only three years older, but we thought he was a shit-hot guitarist, John and his sister Judy did fraternity gigs together as a duo. Later John moved to England and became one of the Walker Brothers and he showed me some fingerpicking techniques and strumming stuff that I still use. When I play a solo, hes still there, while Brian perfected the bands vocal style and keyboard base, Carls Chuck Berry-esque guitar became an early Beach Boys trademark. While in high school, Carl also studied saxophone, turning 15 as the groups first hit, Surfin, broke locally in Los Angeles, Carls father and manager, Murry, bought him a Fender Jaguar guitar. Dave Marsh, in The Rolling Stone Illustrated History of Rock & Roll, Carls lead vocals in the bands first three years were infrequent. Although all members of the played on their early recordings. Unlike the other members of the band, Carl often played alongside session musicians and he also recorded his individual guitar leads during the Beach Boys vocal sessions, with his guitar plugged directly into the soundboard. His playing can be heard on tracks like 1965s Girl Dont Tell Me, after Brians retirement from touring in 1965, Carl became the musical director of the band onstage. Contracts at that time stipulated that promoters hire Carl Wilson plus four other musicians, following his lead vocal performance on God Only Knows in 1966, Carl was increasingly lead vocalist for the band, a role previously dominated by Mike Love and Brian. He sang leads on the singles Good Vibrations, Darlin, starting with the album Wild Honey, Brian requested that Carl become more involved in the Beach Boys records. In 1969, the Beach Boys rendition of I Can Hear Music was the first track produced solely by Carl Wilson, by then, he had effectively become the bands in-studio leader, producing the bulk of the albums during the early 1970s
21.
Al Jardine
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Alan Charles Al Jardine is an American musician, singer and songwriter who co-founded the Beach Boys. He is best known as the rhythm guitarist, and for occasionally singing lead vocals on singles such as Help Me, Rhonda, Then I Kissed Her. In 2010, Jardine released his solo studio album, A Postcard from California. In 1988, Jardine was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of the Beach Boys, alan Charles Jardine was born in Lima, Ohio, but his family moved to San Francisco and later to Hawthorne, California. At Hawthorne High School, he befriended fellow football player Brian Wilson and watched Brian, Jardines primary musical interest was folk, and he learned banjo and guitar specifically to play folk music. When the Beach Boys formed at Wilsons home, Jardine first tried to push the band toward folk, an all-rounder on string instruments, Jardine played stand-up bass on the Beach Boys first recording, the song Surfin. Following his brief departure from the band in early 1962, he dabbled with a career in the air industry in Los Angeles, Al Jardine played bass on the Beach Boys first record for Candix Records. Jardine is the rhythm guitarist and middle-range harmony vocalist. He first sang lead on Christmas Day, on 1964s The Beach Boys Christmas Album and followed shortly after with the Number 1 hit Help Me, thereafter he regularly sang leads on tracks. Beginning with his contributions to the Friends album, Jardine wrote or co-wrote a number of songs for the Beach Boys, California Saga, California from the Holland album, charted in early 1973. Jardines song for his first wife, Lady Lynda, scored a Top Ten chart entry in the UK, increasingly from the time of the Surfs Up album, Al became involved alongside Carl Wilson in production duties for the Beach Boys. He shared production credits with Ron Altbach on M. I. U, Album and was a significant architect of the albums concept and content. As with Lady Lynda and his 1969 rewrite of Lead Bellys Cotton Fields, Come Go with Me, Album were Jardine productions, the first being a measurable hit in the UK. Jardine instigated the Beach Boys recording of a cover of the Mamas, the associated music video featured in heavy rotation on MTV and secured extensive international airplay. Following Carl Wilsons death in 1998, Jardine left the touring version of The Beach Boys, in 2001, Jardines band released Live in Las Vegas. In late 2006, Jardine joined Brian Wilsons band for a tour celebrating the 40th anniversary of Pet Sounds. In March 2008, Jardine settled a lawsuit brought against him by Love, Love had leased the Beach Boys name, and it was deemed that Jardines newly formed band, called the Beach Boys Family & Friends, was a breach of title use. In 2009, Jardines lead vocal on Big Sur Christmas was released on MP3 download, produced by longtime Red Barn Studios engineer Stevie Heger under Hegers bands name, the track also was released on the Hey Stevie album, Eloquence
22.
Dennis Wilson
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Dennis Carl Wilson was an American musician, singer, and songwriter who co-founded the Beach Boys. He is best remembered as their drummer and as the brother of bandmates Brian. Dennis was the only true surfer in the Beach Boys, and he was also known for his brief association with then-aspiring songwriter Charles Manson, who was later convicted of murder conspiracy. Dennis served mainly on drums and backing vocals for the Beach Boys from its formation until his death in 1983 and it is often erroneously stated that Dennis drumming in the bands recordings was filled in exclusively by studio musicians. His drumming is documented on a number of the singles, including I Get Around, Fun, Fun, Fun. While he was allowed few lead vocals in the 1960s, his prominence as a singer-songwriter increased into the 1970s and his original songs for the group included Little Bird, Forever, and Slip On Through. Although uncredited, Wilson helped pen You Are So Beautiful, a hit for Joe Cocker in 1974 and his music has been characterized for reflecting his edginess and exhibited little of his happy charm, setting it apart from Brian’s music. By all appearances the happy-go-lucky Beach Boy, Dennis Wilson lived out the proverbial live-fast-die-young motto and his wild side masked an underside that was, by turns, brooding, self-loathing, sensitive, and anxious. Wilsons only solo album, Pacific Ocean Blue, was released to warm reviews, written and recorded over a span of several years, the album peaked on US record charts at number 96 during a 12-week stay. Sessions for a follow-up, Bambu, disintegrated before his death in 1983, five years later, Wilson was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of the Beach Boys. Dennis Carl Wilson was the son of Audree Neva and Murry Gage Wilson and he spent his family years with his brothers and parents in Hawthorne, California. Dennis role in the dynamic, which he himself acknowledged, was that of the black sheep. Though anxiety-filled and aggressive at times he was sensitive and generous. Out of the three Wilson brothers, he was the most likely to get beaten by their strong-willed father Murry. However, Dennis would sing with his brothers late at night in their shared bedroom, Brian noted of the late night brotherly three-part harmonies, We developed a little blend which aided us when we started to get into the Beach Boys stuff. Dennis mother, Audree, forced Brian to include Dennis in the lineup of the Beach Boys. Urged by older cousin Mike Love, Dennis had approached Brian to form a group, the Beach Boys formed in August 1961, with Murry taking over as manager, and were immediately successful. Though the Beach Boys developed their image based on the California surfing culture, in the early years of the Beach Boys, Brian gave him the role of the drummer
23.
John Lennon
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John Winston Ono Lennon, MBE was an English singer and songwriter who co-founded the Beatles, the most commercially successful and musically influential band in the history of popular music. He and fellow member Paul McCartney formed a songwriting partnership. Born and raised in Liverpool, Lennon became involved in the craze as a teenager, his first band, the Quarrymen, first became the Silver Beatles. After his marriage to Yoko Ono in 1969, he added Ono as one of his middle names, Lennon disengaged himself from the music business in 1975 to raise his infant son Sean, but re-emerged with Ono in 1980 with the new album Double Fantasy. He was murdered three weeks after its release, Lennon revealed a rebellious nature and acerbic wit in his music, writing, drawings, on film and in interviews. By 2012, Lennons solo album sales in the United States exceeded 14 million and, as writer, co-writer, or performer, he is responsible for 25 number-one singles on the US Hot 100 chart. In 2002, a BBC poll on the 100 Greatest Britons voted him eighth and, in 2008, Rolling Stone ranked him the fifth-greatest singer of all time. He was posthumously inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame in 1987, and into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame twice, in 1988 as a member of the Beatles and in 1994 as a solo artist. Lennon was born in war-time England, on 9 October 1940 at Liverpool Maternity Hospital, to Julia and Alfred Lennon, a merchant seaman of Irish descent and his parents named him John Winston Lennon after his paternal grandfather, John Jack Lennon, and then-Prime Minister Winston Churchill. When he eventually came home six months later, he offered to look after the family, after her sister, Mimi Smith, twice complained to Liverpools Social Services, Julia handed the care of Lennon over to her. In July 1946 Lennons father visited Smith and took his son to Blackpool, Julia followed them—with her partner at the time, Bobby Dykins—and after a heated argument his father forced the five-year-old to choose between them. Lennon twice chose his father, but as his mother walked away, he began to cry and followed her, according to author Mark Lewisohn, Lennons parents agreed that Julia should take him and give him a home as Alf left again. A witness who was there that day, Billy Hall, has said the scene often portrayed with a young John Lennon having to make a decision between his parents never happened. It would be 20 years before he had contact with his father again, Throughout the rest of his childhood and adolescence he lived at Mendips,251 Menlove Avenue, Woolton with his aunt and uncle, Mimi and George Smith, who had no children of their own. His aunt purchased volumes of stories for him, and his uncle. In September 1980, Lennon commented about his family and his rebellious nature, Part of me would like to be accepted by all facets of society, but I cannot be what I am not. I was the one who all the other boys parents—including Pauls father—would say, the parents instinctively recognised I was a troublemaker, meaning I did not conform and I would influence their children, which I did. I did my best to disrupt every friends home, partly out of envy that I didnt have this so-called home
24.
Paul McCartney
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Sir James Paul McCartney, MBE is an English singer-songwriter, multi-instrumentalist, and composer. With John Lennon, George Harrison, and Ringo Starr, he gained fame with the rock band the Beatles, largely considered the most popular. His songwriting partnership with Lennon is the most celebrated of the post-war era, after the bands break-up, he pursued a solo career and formed the band Wings with his first wife, Linda, and Denny Laine. McCartney has been recognised as one of the most successful composers and performers of all time, More than 2,200 artists have covered his Beatles song Yesterday, more than any other copyrighted song in history. Wings 1977 release Mull of Kintyre is one of the all-time best-selling singles in the UK.5 million RIAA-certified units in the United States. McCartney, Lennon, Harrison and Starr all received The Most Excellent Order of the British Empire in 1965, McCartney has released an extensive catalogue of songs as a solo artist and has composed classical and electronic music. He has taken part in projects to promote international charities related to subjects as animal rights, seal hunting, land mines, vegetarianism, poverty. He has married three times and is the father of five children, James Paul McCartney was born on 18 June 1942 in Walton Hospital, Liverpool, England, where his mother, Mary Patricia, had qualified to practise as a nurse. His father, James McCartney, was absent from his sons birth due to his work as a firefighter during World War II. Paul has one brother, Michael. Though the children were baptised in their mothers Catholic faith, their father was a former Protestant turned agnostic, McCartney attended Stockton Wood Road Primary School in Speke from 1947 until 1949, when he transferred to Joseph Williams Junior School in Belle Vale because of overcrowding at Stockton. In 1953, with three others out of ninety examinees, he passed the 11-Plus exam, meaning he could attend the Liverpool Institute. In 1954, he met schoolmate George Harrison on the bus from his home in Speke. The two quickly became friends, McCartney later admitted, I tended to talk down to him because he was a year younger. McCartneys mother Mary was a midwife and the primary wage earner, her earnings enabled them to move into 20 Forthlin Road in Allerton. She rode a bicycle to her patients, McCartney described an early memory of her leaving at about three in the morning streets, on 31 October 1956, when McCartney was fourteen, his mother died of an embolism. McCartneys loss later became a point of connection with John Lennon, whose mother, McCartneys father was a trumpet player and pianist, who had led Jim Macs Jazz Band in the 1920s. He kept a piano in the front room, encouraged his sons to be musical and advised Paul to take piano lessons
25.
George Harrison
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George Harrison, MBE was an English guitarist, singer, songwriter, and music and film producer who achieved international fame as the lead guitarist of the Beatles. Although most of the Beatles songs were written by John Lennon and Paul McCartney and his songs for the group included Taxman, Within You Without You, While My Guitar Gently Weeps, Here Comes the Sun and Something, the last of which became the Beatles second-most covered song. Harrisons earliest musical influences included George Formby and Django Reinhardt, Carl Perkins, Chet Atkins and Chuck Berry were subsequent influences. By 1965 he had begun to lead the Beatles into folk rock through his interest in the Byrds and Bob Dylan, having initiated the bands embracing of Transcendental Meditation in 1967, he subsequently developed an association with the Hare Krishna movement. He also organised the 1971 Concert for Bangladesh with Indian musician Ravi Shankar, in his role as a music and film producer, Harrison produced acts signed to the Beatles Apple record label before founding Dark Horse Records in 1974 and co-founding HandMade Films in 1978. Harrison released several best-selling singles and albums as a solo performer, Rolling Stone magazine ranked him number 11 in their list of the 100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time. He is a two-time Rock and Roll Hall of Fame inductee – as a member of the Beatles in 1988, Harrisons first marriage, to model Pattie Boyd in 1966, ended in divorce in 1977. The following year he married Olivia Harrison, with whom he had one son, Harrison died in 2001, aged 58, from lung cancer. He was cremated and his ashes were scattered in the Ganges and Yamuna rivers in India and he left an estate of almost £100 million. Born in Liverpool, United Kingdom, on 25 February 1943, Harrison was the youngest of four children of Harold Hargreaves Harrison and he had one sister, Louise, and two brothers, Harry and Peter. His mother was an assistant from a Catholic family with Irish roots. His future wife, the model Pattie Boyd, described Harrisons parents as quite short, an enthusiastic music fan, she was known among friends for her loud singing voice, which at times startled visitors by rattling the Harrisons windows. While pregnant with George, she listened to the weekly broadcast Radio India. Harrisons biographer Joshua Greene wrote, Every Sunday she tuned in to mystical sounds evoked by sitars and tablas, hoping that the music would bring peace. Harrison was born and lived the first six years of his life at 12 Arnold Grove, Wavertree, Liverpool, the home had an outdoor toilet and its only heat came from a single coal fire. In 1949 the family were offered a house and moved to 25 Upton Green. In 1948, at the age of five, Harrison enrolled at Dovedale Primary School and he passed the eleven-plus exam and attended Liverpool Institute High School for Boys from 1954 to 1959. Though the institute did offer a course, Harrison was disappointed with the absence of guitars
26.
Ringo Starr
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Richard Starkey, MBE, known professionally as Ringo Starr, is an English musician, singer, songwriter and actor who gained worldwide fame as the drummer for the Beatles. He occasionally sang lead vocals, usually for one song on an album, including With a Little Help from My Friends, Yellow Submarine and their cover of Act Naturally. He also wrote the Beatles songs Dont Pass Me By and Octopuss Garden, Starr was twice afflicted by life-threatening illnesses during childhood, and as a result of prolonged hospitalisations fell behind in school. In 1955, he entered the workforce and briefly held a position with British Rail before securing an apprenticeship at a Liverpool equipment manufacturer, soon afterwards, he became interested in the UK skiffle craze, developing a fervent admiration for the genre. In 1957, he cofounded his first band, the Eddie Clayton Skiffle Group, when the Beatles formed in 1960, Starr was a member of another Liverpool group, Rory Storm and the Hurricanes. After achieving moderate success with that band in the UK and Hamburg, he quit the Hurricanes and joined the Beatles in August 1962, Starr played key roles in the Beatles films and appeared in numerous others. After the bands break-up in 1970, he released several singles including the US number four hit It Dont Come Easy. In 1972, he released his most successful UK single, Back Off Boogaloo and he achieved commercial and critical success with his 1973 album Ringo, which was a top ten release in both the UK and the US. He has been featured in a number of documentaries and hosted television shows, since 1989, he has toured with twelve variations of Ringo Starr & His All-Starr Band. Ringos popularity brought forth a new paradigm and we started to see the drummer as an equal participant in the compositional aspect. His parts are so signature to the songs that you can listen to a Ringo drum part without the rest of the music and he was inducted into the Modern Drummer Hall of Fame in 1998. In 2011, Rolling Stone readers named Starr the fifth-greatest drummer of all time. Starr, who was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a Beatle in 1988, was inducted for his solo career in 2015. Richard Starkey was born on 7 July 1940, at 9 Madryn Street, in Dingle and he is the only child of confectioners Elsie and Richard Starkey. Elsie enjoyed singing and dancing, a hobby that she shared with her husband, an avid fan of swing. Prior to the birth of their son, whom they nicknamed Ritchie, the couple had spent much of their time on the local ballroom circuit. Elsie adopted an approach to raising her son that bordered on fixation. Subsequently, Big Ritchie, as Starkeys father became known, lost interest in his family, choosing instead to spend hours drinking and dancing in pubs
27.
Nowhere Man (song)
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Nowhere Man is a song by the Beatles, from the British version of their album Rubber Soul. The song was written by John Lennon and it was released as a single on 21 February 1966, and reached number 1 in Australia and Canada and number 3 on the Billboard Hot 100. Similarly to what had happened a year earlier, Nowhere Man and What Goes On were not on the US version of Rubber Soul, Lennon, Paul McCartney, and George Harrison sing the song in three-part harmony. The song appears in the film Yellow Submarine, where the Beatles sing it about the character Jeremy Hillary Boob after meeting him in the nowhere land, the lead guitar lines on the song were performed in unison by Harrison and Lennon. The pair played identical sonic blue-coloured Fender Stratocasters, Lennon claimed that he wrote the song about himself. He wrote it after racking his brain in desperation for five hours, Lennon told Playboy magazine, Id spent five hours that morning trying to write a song that was meaningful and good, and I finally gave up and lay down. Then Nowhere Man came, words and music, the damn thing as I lay down. McCartney said of the song, That was John after a night out, I think at that point, he was a bit. wondering where he was going, and to be truthful so was I. I was starting to worry about him, the refrain, which appears three times, seesaws on a G# minor/A major sequence before falling back on an F# minor and leading back to the verse on a B7. In 1967, the Carpenters performed a version in Joe Osborns garage studio. Richard Carpenter used the demo to create a version that was released on As Time Goes By in 2001. In 1967, Indexi covered this song with the title Jednom smo se svađali, a Tiny Tim cover of the song is part of The Beatles 1968 Christmas record. In 1969, Gershon Kingsley recorded a version featuring the Moog synthesiser on the album Music to Moog By, in 1976, Jeff Lynne recorded it for the musical documentary All This and World War II. In 1981, Stars on 45 covered this song as part of an eight song Beatles medley in Stars on 45, in 1988, Greek composer Yanni recorded an instrumental version as a bonus track in the 1988 film score Steal the Sky. Randy Travis recorded a version for the 1995 Beatles tribute Come Together, in 1996, Dokken recorded an acoustic version on their One Live Night album. Joe Pass released a version on his album Simplicity / A Sign of the Times. Marky Ramone and the Intruders have a cover on their 1999 album The Answer to Your Problems, the Smashing Pumpkins also released a cover of the song in their Live Smashing Pumpkins album series. Nowhere Man is such a pop song with a groundbreaking, existential lyric
28.
Day Tripper
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Day Tripper is a song by the Beatles, released as a double A-side single with We Can Work It Out. Both songs were recorded during the sessions for the Rubber Soul album, the single topped the UK Singles Chart and the song peaked at number five on the Billboard Hot 100 chart in January 1966. Under the pressure of needing a new single for the Christmas market, John Lennon wrote much of the music and most of the lyrics, Day Tripper was a typical play on words by Lennon, Day trippers are people who go on a day trip, right. Usually on a ferryboat or something, in the same interview, Lennon said, Thats mine. Including the lick, the break and the whole bit. In his 1970 interview with Rolling Stone, however, Lennon used Day Tripper as one example of their collaboration, for his part, McCartney claimed it was very much a collaboration based on Lennons original idea. In Many Years From Now, McCartney said that Day Tripper was about drugs, committed only in part to the idea. The line shes a big teaser is a double entendre for shes a prick teaser, in 1966 McCartney told Melody Maker that Day Tripper and Drive My Car were funny songs, songs with jokes in. The song was recorded on 16 October 1965, the Beatles recorded the basic rhythm track for If I Needed Someone after completing Day Tripper. The released master contains one of the most noticeable mistakes of any Beatles song, there are also two more minor drop-outs at 1,56 and 2,32. Bootleg releases of an early mix feature a technical glitch on the tape itself. This was later fixed on the 2000 compilation 1 and on the remastered Past Masters, in 1966, Day Tripper was featured on the US album Yesterday and Today and the British A Collection of Beatles Oldies compilation. It was later included on the 1962–1966 compilation, released in 1973, the Beatles filmed three different music videos, directed by Joe McGrath, on 23 November 1965. These videos, along with a batch of other mimed performances, were meant to be sent to various music and variety shows. One of the November 1965 promotional videos was included in the Beatles 2015 video compilation 1, jimi Hendrix recorded two versions, one with the Experience on BBC Sessions and an earlier version with Curtis Knight. & The M. G. s, Ramsey Lewis, Yellow Magic Orchestra, Eric Clapton plays the riff on the 1966 album Blues Breakers with Eric Clapton. Paul McCartney has performed the live in concert in 2009
29.
This Boy
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This Boy is a song by English rock band the Beatles, written by John Lennon. It was released in November 1963 as the B-side of the British Parlophone single I Want to Hold Your Hand and it also appears as the third track on side one of the 1964 U. S album Meet the Beatles. The Beatles performed it live on 16 February 1964 for their appearance on The Ed Sullivan Show. This Boy was remastered for compact disc by George Martin and released in 1988 on the Past Masters, the tune and arrangement also draws from You Dont Understand Me, a B-side to a Bobby Freeman single. Paul McCartney cites the Teddy Bears 1958 hit To Know Him Is To Love Him as also being influential. The song, in D major, revolves around a 1950s-style I-vi-ii-V doo-wop sequence in 12/8 time before moving to the harmonically complex middle eight and back again for the final verse, william Mann describes the song as, harmonically. It was also included on Martin’s Parlophone album Off the Beatle Track and it was also included on the American A Hard Days Night soundtrack album. The Beatles recorded This Boy on 17 October 1963, on the same day they recorded I Want To Hold Your Hand, the groups first fan club Christmas single, and a version of You Really Got A Hold On Me. They recorded fifteen takes of This Boy followed by two overdubs, the song was recorded with a rounded ending, although it was faded out during a mixing session on 21 October. Two takes were joined together to make the master, with the edit between the middle eight and final verse. Alternative recordings have also officially released. A live version performed on Two of a Kind in 1963 was released on Anthology 1, the Smithereens covered the song on their 2007 album Meet The Smithereens. Algernon Cadwallader covered the song on Cover Up - A Covers Compilation by Biff Swenson
30.
Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young
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Crosby, Stills & Nash were a folk rock supergroup made up of American singer-songwriters David Crosby and Stephen Stills and English American singer-songwriter Graham Nash. They were known as Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young when joined by Canadian singer-songwriter Neil Young and they were noted for their intricate vocal harmonies, often tumultuous interpersonal relationships, political activism, and lasting influence on US music and culture. Crosby, Stills & Nash were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, Neil Young has also been inducted as a solo artist and as a member of Buffalo Springfield. Prior to the formation of CSN, each member of the band had belonged to another prominent group, due to internal friction, Crosby was dismissed from the Byrds in late 1967. By early 1968, Buffalo Springfield had disintegrated, and after aiding in putting together the final album. He and Crosby began meeting informally and jamming, the result of one encounter in Florida on Crosbys schooner was the song Wooden Ships, composed in collaboration with another guest, Jefferson Airplanes Paul Kantner. Graham Nash had been introduced to Crosby when the Byrds had toured the United Kingdom in 1966, and when the Hollies ventured to California in 1968, Nash resumed his acquaintance with him. At a party in July 1968 at Joni Mitchells house, Nash asked Stills and Crosby to repeat their performance of a new song by Stills, You Dont Have To Cry, the vocals gelled, and the three realized that they had a unique vocal chemistry. Creatively frustrated with the Hollies, Nash decided to quit the band and work with Crosby, from the outset, given their previous experiences, the trio decided not to be locked into a group structure. They used their surnames as identification to ensure independence and a guarantee that the band could not continue without one of them, unlike both the Byrds and the Hollies. They picked up a management team in Elliot Roberts and David Geffen, Roberts kept the band focused and dealt with egos, while Geffen handled the business deals, since, in Crosbys words, they needed a shark and Geffen was it. Stills was already signed to Atlantic Records through his Buffalo Springfield contract, Crosby had been released from his Byrds deal with Columbia, as he was considered to be unimportant and too difficult to work with. Nash, however, was signed to Epic Records through The Hollies. Ertegun worked out a deal with Clive Davis to essentially trade Nash to Atlantic in exchange for Richie Furay and Poco, the trios first album, Crosby, Stills & Nash, was released in May 1969. The eponymously-titled album was a hit in the United States. The album ultimately earned a RIAA triple platinum certification in 1999, retaining Taylor, the band tried initially to hire a keyboard player. Stills initially approached virtuoso multi-instrumentalist Steve Winwood, who was occupied with the newly formed group Blind Faith. Stills and Nash initially held reservations, Stills because of his acrimoniously fraternal history with Young in Buffalo Springfield, but after several meetings, the trio expanded to a quartet with Young a full partner
31.
Bee Gees
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The Bee Gees were a pop music group formed in 1958. Their line-up consisted of brothers Barry, Robin and Maurice Gibb, the Bee Gees wrote all of their own hits, as well as writing and producing several major hits for other artists. Born on the Isle of Man to English parents, the Gibb brothers lived in Chorlton, Manchester, England, the family then moved to Redcliffe, in Queensland, Australia, and then to Cribb Island. The Bee Gees have sold more than 220 million records worldwide, the Bee Gees Hall of Fame citation says Only Elvis Presley, the Beatles, Michael Jackson, Garth Brooks and Paul McCartney have outsold the Bee Gees. Following Maurices sudden death in January 2003 at the age of 53, Barry, in 2009 Robin announced that he and Barry had agreed that the Bee Gees would re-form and perform again. Robin died in May 2012 at the age of 62, after a struggle with cancer and other health problems. In December 1957 the boys began to sing in harmony, the story is told that they were going to lip sync to a record in the local Gaumont cinema and as they were running to the theatre, the fragile shellac 78-RPM record broke. The brothers had to sing live and received such a response from the audience that they decided to pursue a singing career. In May 1958 the Rattlesnakes were disbanded when Frost and Horrocks left, with the Gibb brothers then forming Wee Johnny Hayes, in August 1958 the Gibb family, including older sister Lesley and infant brother Andy, emigrated to Redcliffe, just north-east of Brisbane in Queensland, Australia. The young brothers began performing to raise pocket money and they were introduced to leading Brisbane radio DJ Bill Gates by speedway promoter and driver Bill Goode, who had hired the brothers to entertain the crowd at the Redcliffe Speedway in 1960. Gates renamed them the BGs after his, Goodes, and Barry Gibbs initials—thus the name was not specifically a reference to Brothers Gibb, the family relocated to Cribb Island which was later demolished for Brisbane Airport. While there, the brothers went to Northgate State School, by 1960 the Bee Gees were featured on television shows, including their performance of Time Is Passing By. In the next few years they began working regularly at resorts on the Queensland coast, for his songwriting, Barry sparked the interest of Australian star Col Joye, who helped them get a record deal in 1963 with Festival Records subsidiary Leedon Records under the name Bee Gees. The three released two or three singles a year, while Barry supplied additional songs to other Australian artists, in 1962, the Bee Gees were chosen as the supporting act for Chubby Checkers concert at Sydney Stadium. From 1963 to 1966 the Gibb family lived at 171 Bunnerong Road, the house was demolished in 2016. A minor hit in 1965, Wine and Women, led to the groups first LP, The Bee Gees Sing, by 1966 Festival was, however, on the verge of dropping them from the Leedon roster because of their perceived lack of commercial success. It was at time that they met American-born songwriter, producer and entrepreneur, Nat Kipner. Kipner briefly took over as the manager and successfully negotiated their transfer to Spin in exchange for Festival being granted the Australian distribution rights to the groups recordings
32.
Guitarist
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A guitarist is a person who plays the guitar. Guitarists may play a variety of guitar family instruments such as guitars, acoustic guitars, electric guitars. Some guitarists accompany themselves on the guitar by singing or playing the harmonica, the correctness of techniques that a guitarist acquires depends on the quality of training. Learning how to play correctly is crucial for any guitarist no matter which guitar he/she plays, the guitarist may also employ various methods for selecting notes and chords, including fingering, thumbing, the barre, and bottleneck or steel-guitar slides, usually made of glass or metal. These left- and right-hand techniques may be intermixed in performance, while music is an art form in itself, playing an instrument such as the guitar has long been a popular subject for painters. Despite perceived tendencies in mainstream music diffusion, to Rock music and electric guitar, notable guitarists arrived from other genres, Rolling Stone In 2003, Rolling Stone magazine published a list called The 100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time. This list included 100 guitarists whom the magazine editor David Fricke considered the best, the first in this list is the American guitarist Jimi Hendrix introduced by Pete Townshend, guitarist for The Who, who was, in his turn, ranked at #50 in the list. Artists who had not been included in the previous list were added, rory Gallagher, for example, was ranked in 57th place. The 100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time is mentioned in many biographies about artists who appear in the list, despite the appearance in other magazines like Billboard, this publication by Guitar World was criticized for including no female musicians within its selection. However, Guitar World recently published a list of Eight Amazing Female Acoustic Players, including Kaki King, TIME and others Following the death of Les Paul, TIME website presented their list of 10 greatest artists in electric guitar. As in Rolling Stone magazines list, Jimi Hendrix was chosen as the greatest guitarist followed by Slash from Guns N Roses, B. B. King, Keith Richards, Jimmy Page, and Eric Clapton. Gigwise. com, a music magazine, also ranks Jimi Hendrix as the greatest guitarist ever, followed by Jimmy Page, B. B. King, Keith Richards. There are many classical guitarists listed as notable in their respective epochs, media related to Guitarists at Wikimedia Commons
33.
John Frusciante
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John Anthony Frusciante is an American guitarist, singer, producer and composer. He is best known as the former guitarist of the rock band Red Hot Chili Peppers, from 1988 until 1992 and he recorded five studio albums with them. Frusciante has a solo career, having released eleven solo albums and five EPs, his recordings include elements ranging from experimental rock and ambient music to new wave. In 2015, Frusciante released his debut acid house album under his alias, at the age of eighteen, he joined the Red Hot Chili Peppers, first appearing on the bands 1989 album, Mothers Milk. The groups follow-up album, Blood Sugar Sex Magik, was a breakthrough success, Frusciante became overwhelmed by the bands new popularity and quit in 1992. He became a recluse and entered a period of drug addiction, during which he released his first solo recordings, Niandra Lades and Usually Just a T-Shirt. In 1998, he successfully completed drug rehabilitation and rejoined the Red Hot Chili Peppers and their next album, Californication would eventually go on to sell 16 million copies. His album To Record Only Water for Ten Days was made in 2001, a fourth album with the Chili Peppers, By the Way was released in 2002. On a creative spree, Frusciante released six albums in 2004. 2006 saw the release of his fifth and final album with the Chili Peppers, in 2009, Frusciante released The Empyrean, which features Flea and Josh Klinghoffer, and announced he had again parted ways with the Chili Peppers. He was ranked as number 42 in Gibsons list of the 50 Best Guitarists of All Time and he was voted The Best Guitarist of the Last 30 Years in a 2010 BBC poll called The Axe Factor. Frusciante was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of the Red Hot Chili Peppers on April 14,2012 although he did not attend the ceremony, Frusciante was born in Queens, New York on March 5,1970. His father, John Sr. is a Juilliard-trained pianist, Frusciantes family moved to Tucson, Arizona, and then Florida, where his father served as a Broward County judge until October 2010. His parents separated, and he and his moved to Santa Monica. Frusciante is of Italian descent, his paternal great-grandfather Generoso Frusciante emigrated from Benevento, a year later, Frusciante and his mother moved to Mar Vista, Los Angeles with his new stepfather who, he says, really supported me and made me feel good about being an artist. Like many young people in the area, he became involved in the L. A. punk rock scene. At nine he was infatuated with the Germs, wearing out several copies of their record, by ten, he had taught himself how to play most of s songs. He has stated that he did not really know what he was doing, Frusciante began studying guitarists like Jeff Beck, Jimmy Page, David Gilmour and Jimi Hendrix at eleven
34.
Josh Klinghoffer
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Klinghoffer replaced his friend and frequent collaborator John Frusciante in 2009, after a period as a touring member. A multi-instrumentalist, Klinghoffer also fronts the rock band Dot Hacker. He is also a member of the bands Ataxia, Warpaint. Klinghoffer most commonly plays guitar or drums, and sings backup as well as lead vocals and he has also both recorded and toured as a session musician with notable artists including PJ Harvey, Beck, the Butthole Surfers, Vincent Gallo, Sparks and Golden Shoulders. Dropping out of education at the age of 15, Klinghoffer became involved in performing and recording music in Los Angeles at an early age. Klinghoffer describes himself at this time as little music dork who lived around the corner, dropped out of high school, in 1997, at the age of seventeen, Klinghoffer joined The Bicycle Thief, the then-current project from former Thelonious Monster frontman Bob Forrest. The bands subsequent studio album, You Come and Go Like a Pop Song and it was during the recording of Bicycle Thief album that Josh first met John Frusciante, who came in to record a guitar solo. The two eventually began to hang out and listen to music together at Frusciantes home, in 2000, The Bicycle Thief opened for Red Hot Chili Peppers, as the latter toured in support of their seventh studio album, Californication. Klinghoffer and then-Red Hot Chili Peppers guitarist John Frusciante began writing together in 2002 and this album was eventually released as a John Frusciante solo release in 2004, entitled Shadows Collide with People. Regarding this decision, Frusciante stated, During the first six months of 2004, Klinghoffers drums, bass, vocals, keyboards, and/or guitar can be heard on the full-length albums The Will to Death, Inside of Emptiness, and more recently in 2009s The Empyrean. 2004s A Sphere in the Heart of Silence is also credited to both musicians, and features tracks with Klinghoffer on vocals, lead guitar, synthesizers. He plays drums along with Frusciante and Fugazi bassist Joe Lally in Automatic Writing and AW II, Frusciante commented on his relationship with Klinghoffer in 2004 stating, Hes simply a very talented person and has been a very close friend for the past four years. Hes one of the few people who I really like to spend a lot of time with. In many respects hes the person who is closest to me and his opinion is very important to me and I value it a lot. In 2004, Klinghoffer also appeared on former bandmate Bob Forrests latest studio album with Thelonious Monster, Klinghoffer was a touring and session musician for Gnarls Barkley. Klinghoffer founded his own band, Dot Hacker, in 2008, the group is made up of former touring musicians for Gnarls Barkley. In 2012, they released their first full-length album, Inhibition, the title track to Inhibition was first played in a Bob Forrest radio show. A previously unreleased track, Rewire, is included in the digital-only 4-song Dot Hacker EP
35.
Red Hot Chili Peppers
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Red Hot Chili Peppers, also sometimes shortened to The Chili Peppers or abbreviated as RHCP, are an American funk rock band formed in Los Angeles in 1983. The groups musical style consists of rock with an emphasis on funk, as well as elements from other genres such as punk rock. When played live, their music elements of jam band due to the improvised nature of much of their performances. Currently, the band consists of founding members vocalist Anthony Kiedis and bassist Flea, longtime drummer Chad Smith, in 2012, they were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. The bands original line-up, originally named Tony Flow and the Miraculously Majestic Masters of Mayhem, featured guitarist Hillel Slovak and drummer Jack Irons, alongside Kiedis, because of commitments to other bands, Slovak and Irons did not play on the bands self-titled debut album. Slovak performed on the second and third albums, Freaky Styley and The Uplift Mofo Party Plan, as a result of his friends death, Irons chose to depart from the group. After short-lived replacements at guitar and drums, John Frusciante and Chad Smith joined in 1988, the line-up of Flea, Kiedis, Frusciante, and Smith was the longest-lasting and recorded five studio albums beginning with Mothers Milk. In 1990, the signed with Warner Bros. Records. This album became the bands first commercial success, but Frusciante grew uncomfortable with it, after two temporary guitarists, Dave Navarro joined the group in 1993 and played on their subsequent album, One Hot Minute. Although commercially successful, the failed to match the critical or popular acclaim of Blood Sugar Sex Magik. Navarro was fired from the band in 1998, Frusciante, fresh out of drug rehabilitation, rejoined the band that same year at Fleas request. The reunited quartet returned to the studio to record Californication, which became the bands biggest commercial success with 16 million copies worldwide. That album was followed three years later by By the Way, and then four years later by the double album Stadium Arcadium, after a world tour, the group went on an extended hiatus. Frusciante announced he was leaving the band in 2009 to focus on his solo career. Klinghoffer, who had worked both as a sideman for the band on their Stadium Arcadium tour and on Frusciantes solo projects, the bands tenth studio album, Im with You, was released in 2011 and topped the charts in 18 different countries. The band released their studio album, The Getaway, in 2016. The album was produced by Danger Mouse, marking the first time since 1989s Mothers Milk that the Red Hot Chili Peppers had not worked with Rubin, and topped the charts in ten different countries. Red Hot Chili Peppers were formed in Los Angeles by singer Anthony Kiedis, guitarist Hillel Slovak, bassist Flea, and drummer Jack Irons, all of whom were classmates from Fairfax High School
36.
Anthony Kiedis
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Anthony Kiedis is an American musician best known as the lead singer and lyricist of the band Red Hot Chili Peppers, which he has fronted since its conception in 1983. Kiedis is a co-founder of the Red Hot Chili Peppers and has been with the band throughout their entire history, Kiedis and his fellow band members were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2012. Kiedis was born in Grand Rapids, Michigan, to actor John Michael Kiedis, known professionally as Blackie Dammett and his paternal grandfathers family emigrated from Lithuania in the early 1900s, the remainder of his ancestry includes Greek, English, French, Dutch, and Mohican. In 1966, when he was three years old, his parents divorced, along with his two half-sisters, Julie and Jenny, he was raised by his mother and stepfather in Grand Rapids. Each summer, he would visit his father in Hollywood for two weeks, a time during which the two would bond and he idolized his father, and recalled, Those trips to California were the happiest, most carefree, the-world-is-a-beautiful-oyster times Id ever experienced. In 1974, when Kiedis was twelve years old, he moved to Hollywood to live with his father full-time and his father was a struggling actor who sold drugs, which had a significant impact on Kiedis, as the two would often use marijuana and cocaine together. Kiedis accidentally tried heroin for the first time at age 14, mistaking the substance for cocaine. Through his father Blackie, Kiedis, who worked under the name of Cole Dammett, landed his first acting role appearing as Sylvester Stallones characters son in the 1978 film. That same year he would land two more acting jobs, one being on an ABC Afterschool Special and the other an appearance in the film, Jokes My Folks Never Told Me. Kiedis attended Fairfax High School in Los Angeles, where he struggled to find friends as he had transferred to a new school district. However, he soon met Flea, and after a brief confrontation, Kiedis recalled, We were drawn to each other by the forces of mischief, love, and The Grateful Dead. We found each other and it turned out to be the friendship of my life. Kiedis became a significant influence on Flea, exposing him to rock music, Kiedis and Flea began jumping into swimming pools from buildings as a hobby. At age 15, Kiedis broke his back attempting to jump into a pool from a five-story building, missing the pool by a few inches. His back has since improved, although he still has occasional problems, after Kiedis began working with Flea and Jack Irons, he was described as a manic master of ceremonies before he even began singing for the group. Irons and Slovak had begun playing together in school while performing in a band called Chain Reaction. The group included then bassist Tom Strasman and Chilean-born vocalist and guitarist Alain Johannes, with Strasman set on becoming a lawyer, he quit the band to keep his grades up and focus on college. At this point, Flea was brought into the mix, shortly after hanging out with the band, and attending a few shows, Kiedis was offered a position in the band by Flea
37.
Flea (musician)
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Michael Peter Balzary, better known by his stage name Flea, is an Australian-American musician and actor best known as a founding member of the rock band Red Hot Chili Peppers. Flea briefly appeared as the bassist for such bands as What Is This and he has also performed with rock supergroups Atoms for Peace, Antemasque, Pigface, and Rocket Juice & the Moon. Flea has also collaborated with artists including The Mars Volta, Johnny Cash, Tom Waits, Alanis Morissette, in 2009, Rolling Stone readers ranked Flea the second-best bassist of all time, behind John Entwistle. In 2012 he was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame with the members of the Red Hot Chili Peppers. In 2014, Flea returned to acting in the film Low Down, Flea is the co-founder of Silverlake Conservatory of Music, a non-profit music education organization founded in 2001 for underprivileged children. Michael Peter Balzary was born on October 16,1962 in the Melbourne suburb of Mount Waverley and he is of Hungarian and Irish descent. His father, Mick Balzary, a fisherman, often took him fishing. When Flea was seven, his family moved to Larchmont, New York for his fathers career, Flea and his siblings stayed with their mother Patricia, who soon remarried to a jazz musician. He was first called Flea as a child for his inability to sit still. Fleas stepfather, Walter Abdul Urban, frequently invited musicians to his house, the family moved again to Los Angeles, California, where Flea became fascinated with the trumpet. He had no interest in music at the time, he idolized jazz musicians like Miles Davis, Louis Armstrong. His stepfather was an alcoholic, who eventually became involved in shoot-outs with police. I was raised in a violent, alcoholic household, Flea later said, I grew up being terrified of my parents. It caused a lot of later in life. To cope, Flea began smoking cannabis at 13, and became a daily user, Flea, who was then nicknamed Mike K the Flea, attended Fairfax High School, and was somewhat of an outcast due to his taste in music and sex fetishes. However, he soon met Anthony Kiedis, and after a brief confrontation, Kiedis recalled, We were drawn to each other by the forces of mischief and love and we became virtually inseparable. We found each other and it turned out to be the friendship of my life. Flea was turned on to music by Hillel Slovak
38.
The Corrs
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The Corrs are an Irish band that combine pop rock with traditional Irish themes within their music. The group consists of the Corr siblings, Andrea, Sharon, Caroline and they are from Dundalk, County Louth, Ireland. The Corrs have released six albums and numerous singles, which have reached Platinum in many countries. Talk on Corners, their most successful album to date, reached multi-Platinum status in Australia and in the UK it was the highest selling album of 1998. The band is one of only a handful of acts who have held the top two positions simultaneously in the UK album charts, with Talk on Corners at number one and Forgiven, Not Forgotten at number two. The latter was the third highest selling album in Australia in 1996, behind Alanis Morissettes Jagged Little Pill and their third studio album, In Blue, went to number one in seventeen countries. The Corrs have been involved in philanthropic activities. They have performed in charity concerts such as The Princes Trust event in 2004. The same year, they were awarded honorary MBEs for their contributions to music, the band was for almost 10 years inactive because Jim and Caroline were raising families, while Andrea and Sharon were pursuing solo careers while raising families of their own. According to Sharon Corr, it was uncertain if and when The Corrs would reunite and their sixth studio album, White Light, was released on 27 November 2015, and was accompanied by a european tour. The Corrs are from Dundalk, County Louth in Ireland, while Caroline and Andrea were still attending school, Jim and Sharon began playing as a duo, often at their aunts pub, McManuss. In 1990, Jim and Sharon added their younger siblings, to form a quartet and their career took off in 1991 when they auditioned for the film The Commitments. Jim, Sharon and Caroline each had small parts as musicians, john Hughes noticed them when they auditioned for the movie and agreed to become their manager. In 1994, the American ambassador to Ireland, Jean Kennedy Smith, after an appearance at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, United States, The Corrs joined Celine Dions worldwide Falling Into You Around the World Tour as a supporting act. Jason Flom, Atlantic Recordss head of A&R, recommended that they meet David Foster, the Corrs played live for Foster and he agreed to sign them to Atlantic Records. They extended their stay in the US for over five months to record their album, Forgiven. It featured six instrumental selections among its Celtic-influenced tracks, the album sold well in Ireland, Australia, Japan, Norway and Spain. Major success in the US and the UK, however, was not immediately forthcoming, eventually, the album reached Platinum status in the UK and Australia, and 4× Platinum in Ireland, making it one of the most successful debuts by an Irish group
39.
Rhythm guitar
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Therefore, the basic technique of rhythm guitar is to hold down a series of chords with the fretting hand while strumming rhythmically with the other hand. More developed rhythm techniques include arpeggios, damping, riffs, chord solos, in big band music, the guitarist is considered part of the rhythm section, alongside bass and drums. In some musical situations, such as a solo singer-guitarist, the guitar accompaniment provides all the rhythmic drive, in the most commercially available and consumed genres, electric guitars tend to dominate their acoustic cousins in both the recording studio and the live venue. However the acoustic guitar remains a popular choice in country, western and especially bluegrass music, most rhythms in rock and blues are based on 4/4 time with a backbeat, however, many variations are possible. A backbeat is a syncopated accentuation on the off beat, in a simple 4/4 rhythm these are beats 2 and 4. This requires rhythm guitarists to have a knowledge of how to use chord voicings, riffs. Three-chord progressions are common in pop and rock, using various combinations of the I, IV and V chords. Minor and modal chord progressions feature in popular music. One departure from the basic strummed chord technique is to play arpeggios, if this is done rapidly enough, listeners will still hear the sequence as harmony rather than melody. Arpeggiation is often used in folk, country, and heavy metal and it is also prominent in 1960s pop, such as The Animals House of the Rising Sun, and jangle pop from the 1980s onwards. Rhythm guitarists who use arpeggio often favor semi-acoustic guitars and twelve string guitars to get bright, the Soukous band TPOK Jazz additionally featured the unique role of mi-solo, guitarist, playing arpeggio patterns and filling a role between the lead and rhythm guitars. In some cases, the progression is implied with a simplified sequence of two or three notes, sometimes called a riff, that is repeated throughout the composition. In heavy metal music, this is expanded to more complex sequences comprising a combination of chords, single notes. The rhythm guitar part in compositions performed by more technically oriented bands often include riffs employing complex lead guitar techniques, in bands with two or more guitarists, the guitarists may exchange or even duplicate roles for different songs or different sections within a song. In those with a single guitarist, the guitarist may play lead and rhythm at different times or simultaneously, some rhythm techniques cross over into lead guitar playing. In guitar-bass-and-drums power trios guitarists must double up between rhythm and lead, for instance Jimi Hendrix combined full chords with solo licks, double stops and arpeggios. A recent innovation is the use of a pedal to record a chord sequence or riff over which the lead line can then be played. As a result, rhythm and lead players may use different guitars and amplifiers, Rhythm guitarists may employ an electric acoustic guitar or a humbucker-equipped electric guitar for a richer and fatter output
40.
Simple Plan
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A Big Package for You, 1999–2003 is a video album by Canadian rock band Simple Plan from Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Meet Simple Plan Recording No Pads, No Helmets, experimenting in Bangkok SP Loves Going Down. Under, Australia 2002 Spring Break. Big Rock Show, SP Does Arenas Return to the Land of the Rising Sun The Perfect Video Punk Rock Summer Camp, crash and Burn One Day Id Do Anything
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Bassist
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A bassist, or bass player, is a musician who plays a bass instrument such as a double bass, bass guitar, keyboard bass or a low brass instrument such as a tuba or sousaphone. Different musical genres tend to be associated with one or more of these instruments. Since the 1960s, the bass has been the standard bass instrument for funk, R&B, soul music, rock and roll, reggae, jazz fusion, heavy metal, country. The double bass is the bass instrument for classical music, bluegrass, rockabilly. Low brass instruments such as the tuba or sousaphone are the bass instrument in Dixieland. Despite the associations of different bass instruments with certain genres, there are exceptions, some fusion jazz groups use a lightweight, stripped-down electric upright bass rather than a double bass. Some composers of art music use the electric bass in a chamber music setting. Some jazz big bands use electric bass, some funk, R&B and jazz, fusion groups use synth bass or keyboard bass rather than electric bass. Bootsy Collins and Stevie Wonder used synth bass, some Dixieland bands use double bass or electric bass instead of a tuba. In some jazz groups and jam bands, the basslines are played by a Hammond organ player, electric bassists play the bass guitar. In most rock, pop, metal and country genres, the bass line outlines the harmony of the music being performed, in addition, there are many different standard bass line types for different genres and types of song. Bass lines often emphasize the root note, with a role for the third. In addition, pedal tones, ostinatos, and bass riffs are also used as bass lines, while most electric bass players rarely play chords, chords are used in some styles, especially funk, R&B, soul music, jazz, Latin and heavy metal music. A shortlist of the notable bassists in these genres includes, Barry Bales Herbie Flowers Willie Dixon Danny Thompson List of double bassists in popular music
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Pop punk
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Pop punk is a punk rock music genre and a fusion genre that combines elements of punk rock with elements of pop music. Pop punk typically combines fast punk rock tempos, power chord changes and loud, distorted guitars with pop-influenced melodies. Pop-influenced punk rock emerged in the mid-1970s with a style that was stylistically similar to power pop. By the mid-1980s, several bands merged hardcore punk with pop music to create a new, faster pop punk sound such as Dag Nasty, Pop punk in the United States began to grow in popularity locally in California in the mid-to-late 1980s. Pop punk particularly thrived in California, where independent record labels adopted a do it approach to releasing music. By the mid-1990s, a few pop punk bands had started to sell millions of records and receive radio and television airplay. By 1994, pop punk was quickly growing in mainstream popularity, the late 1990s, exemplified by the 1999 release of Blink-182s Enema of the State, represented the genres mainstream peak, although some pop punk bands scored successful album chartings in the 2000s. In the mid-2000s, emo pop, a genre combining emo and pop punk. By the end of the 2000s, the pop sound of the 1990s had largely waned in mainstream popularity. Pop punk typically merges upbeat pop melodies with catchy hooks, catchy choruses, harmonies, speedy tempos, punk rock power chord changes and loud, distorted electric guitars. About. com has described second-wave pop punk bands as having a radio friendly sheen to their music, club, pop punk often pits sweet harmonies against bratty, rowdy riffs. Lyrical topics that are common in pop punk include love, lust, drunkenness, adolescence, cartoonish violence, some pop punk lyrics focus on jokes and humor. Some pop punk music features elements of rock, power pop. According to Ryan Cooper of About. com, pop punk is a style that more to the Beatles. It is not clear when the pop punk was first used. Protopunk and power pop bands of the late 1960s and early 1970s helped lay the groundwork for the pop punk sound, the Beatles, the Kinks and the Beach Boys all paved the way for pop punk. With their love of the Beach Boys and late 1960s bubblegum pop, the Ramones loud and fast melodic minimalism differentiated them from other bands in New York Citys budding art rock scene, but pop punk was not considered a separate subgenre until later. An early use of the pop punk appeared in a 1977 New York Times article, Cabaret
43.
John Petrucci
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John Peter Petrucci is an American guitarist, composer and producer. He is best known as a member of the progressive metal band Dream Theater. Petrucci was named as the player on the G3 tour six times. Joel McIvers 2009 book The 100 Greatest Metal Guitarists ranks Petrucci second and he was also named as one of the Top 10 Greatest Guitar Shredders of All Time by GuitarOne magazine. In 2012, Petrucci was ranked the 17th greatest guitarist of all time by a Guitar World magazine readers poll, John Petrucci was born on July 12,1967, in Kings Park, New York, to an Italian American family. He picked up the guitar at the age of eight because his sister was allowed to go to bed later in order to practice the piano. However, he decided to quit the guitar when his attempts to stay up late were unsuccessful and he picked up the guitar again at the age of 12. Petrucci has said he committed to practicing guitar 6 hours a day when he discovered it was his passion, eventually, his childhood friend and future Dream Theater keyboardist Kevin Moore invited Petrucci to join his cover band. Petrucci attended Berklee College of Music in Boston with childhood friend John Myung, while in Berklee they often covered two of their biggest influences, Iron Maiden and Rush. These three, in addition to Kevin Moore, formed the band Majesty, because there was already another band with the same name, the group later became Dream Theater. Petrucci also has a book named Guitar World presents John Petruccis Wild Stringdom, in 2001, Joe Satriani and Steve Vai invited Petrucci to tour with them on the popular G3 guitar tour, which exposed him to a massive number of new fans and inspired a solo album. The album, Suspended Animation, was released on March 1,2005, Petrucci also appeared on the 2005 and 2006 G3 tours, and in 2007, went on G3 tour again, this time with Paul Gilbert and Joe Satriani. In a recent video with Larry DiMarzio, Petrucci announced that he is working on a follow up to his 2004 album, Suspended Animation, Petrucci also wrote and recorded two instrumental soundtrack songs for a Sega Saturn game titled Digital Pinball, Necronomicon. Each track is two minutes long, and are named simply Prologue and Epilogue. In a spoof rock band, Nightmare Cinema, he used the stage name Johnny James. In 2012, Petrucci was invited again to join Joe Satriani in his G3 tour with Steve Morse. His Dream Theater drummer Mike Mangini, and his former G3 bass player Dave LaRue accompanied him on the tour, Dream Theater bandmate Jordan Rudess revealed in an interview that Petrucci is a practicing Catholic. He currently lives in St. James, New York, with his wife Rena Sands, a guitarist in the heavy metal band Meanstreak
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Dream Theater
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They subsequently dropped out of their studies to concentrate further on the band that would ultimately become Dream Theater. Though a number of lineup changes followed, the three original members remained together along with James LaBrie and Jordan Rudess until September 8,2010, in October 2010, the band held auditions for a drummer to replace Portnoy. Mike Mangini was announced as the new permanent drummer on April 29,2011, the band is well known for the technical proficiency of its instrumentalists, who have won many awards from music instruction magazines. Guitarist John Petrucci has been named as the player on the G3 tour six times. In 2009 he was named the No.2 best metal guitarist by Joel McIver in his book The 100 Greatest Metal Guitarists and he was also named as one of the Top 10 Fastest Shredders of All Time by GuitarOne magazine. Jordan Rudess is considered to be one of the greatest keyboard players of all time by publications like MusicRadar. Former drummer Mike Portnoy has won 26 awards from Modern Drummer magazine and is also the second youngest person to be inducted into the Rock Drummer Hall of Fame and his replacement Mike Mangini has also previously set 5 WFD records. John Myung was voted the greatest bassist of all time in a poll conducted by MusicRadar in August through September 2010, the band was inducted into the Long Island Music Hall of Fame in 2010. The bands highest-selling album is the gold-selling Images and Words, which reached No.61 on the Billboard 200 chart. Both the 1994 release Awake and their 2002 release Six Degrees of Inner Turbulence also entered the charts at No.32 and No.46 respectively and received mostly positive reviews. Metropolis Pt.2, Scenes from a Memory was ranked number 95 on the October 2006 issue of Guitar World magazines list of The greatest 100 guitar albums of all time. It is ranked as the 15th Greatest Concept Album by Classic Rock Magazine, the bands eleventh studio album, A Dramatic Turn of Events, was released on September 13,2011. On April 9,2013, Images and Words won Loudwires fan voted March Metal Madness for worlds best metal album beating albums by Dio, AC/DC, Judas Priest, Megadeth, as of 2011, Dream Theater has sold over 12 million records worldwide. Dream Theater was formed in Massachusetts in 1985 when guitarist John Petrucci, bassist John Myung, the trio started by covering Rush and Iron Maiden songs in the rehearsal rooms at Berklee. Myung, Petrucci, and Portnoy joined together on the name Majesty for their newly formed group, according to the The Score So Far. Documentary, they were waiting in line for tickets to a Rush concert at the Berklee Performance Center while listening to the band on a boom box, Portnoy commented that the ending of the song Bastille Day sounded majestic. It was then decided that Majesty would be the bands name, the trio then set out to fill the remaining positions in the group. Petrucci asked his high school bandmate Kevin Moore to play the keyboard, after he accepted the position, another friend from home, Chris Collins, was recruited as lead vocalist after band members heard him sing a cover of Queen of the Reich by Queensrÿche
