1.
Lower Saxony
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Lower Saxony is a German state situated in northwestern Germany and is second in area, with 47,624 square kilometres, and fourth in population among the sixteen Länder of Germany. In rural areas Northern Low Saxon, a dialect of Low German, and Saterland Frisian, a variety of Frisian, are still spoken, but the number of speakers is declining. Lower Saxony borders on the North Sea, the states of Schleswig-Holstein, Hamburg, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Brandenburg, Saxony-Anhalt, Thuringia, Hesse and North Rhine-Westphalia, and the Netherlands. Furthermore, the state of Bremen forms two enclaves within Lower Saxony, one being the city of Bremen, the other, its city of Bremerhaven. In fact, Lower Saxony borders more neighbours than any other single Bundesland, the states principal cities include the state capital Hanover, Braunschweig, Lüneburg, Osnabrück, Oldenburg, Hildesheim, Wolfenbüttel, Wolfsburg and Göttingen. The northwestern area of Lower Saxony, which lies on the coast of the North Sea, is called East Frisia, in the extreme west of Lower Saxony is the Emsland, a traditionally poor and sparsely populated area, once dominated by inaccessible swamps. The northern half of Lower Saxony, also known as the North German Plains, is almost invariably flat except for the hills around the Bremen geestland. Towards the south and southwest lie the northern parts of the German Central Uplands, the Weser Uplands, between these two lie the Lower Saxon Hills, a range of low ridges. Thus, Lower Saxony is the only Bundesland that encompasses both maritime and mountainous areas, Lower Saxonys major cities and economic centres are mainly situated in its central and southern parts, namely Hanover, Braunschweig, Osnabrück, Wolfsburg, Salzgitter, Hildesheim and Göttingen. Oldenburg, near the coastline, is another economic centre. To the north, the Elbe river separates Lower Saxony from Hamburg, Schleswig-Holstein, Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, the banks just south of the Elbe are known as Altes Land. Due to its local climate and fertile soil, it is the states largest area of fruit farming. Most of the territory was part of the historic Kingdom of Hanover. It was created by the merger of the State of Hanover with several states in 1946. Lower Saxony has a boundary in the north in the North Sea. The state and city of Bremen is an enclave surrounded by Lower Saxony. The Bremen/Oldenburg Metropolitan Region is a body for the enclave area. To the southeast the state border runs through the Harz, low mountains that are part of the German Central Uplands, in northeast Lower Saxony is Lüneburg Heath
2.
Salzgitter
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Salzgitter is an independent city in southeast Lower Saxony, Germany, located between Hildesheim and Braunschweig. Together with Wolfsburg and Braunschweig, Salzgitter is one of the seven Oberzentren of Lower Saxony, with 109,142 inhabitants and 223.94 square kilometres, its area is the largest in Lower Saxony and one of the largest in Germany. The main shopping street of the city is in the borough of Lebenstedt. The city is connected to the Mittellandkanal and the Elbe-Seitenkanal by a distributary, the nearest metropolises are Braunschweig, about 23 kilometres to the northeast, and Hanover, about 51 km to the northwest. The population of the City of Salzgitter has exceeded 100,000 inhabitants since its foundation in 1942, beside Wolfsburg, Leverkusen and Eisenhüttenstadt, Salzgitter is therefore one of the few cities in Germany founded during the 20th century. Until 31 March 1942, Salzgitter was the name of a town where the borough Salzgitter-Bad now is, from then until 1951, Salzgitter was the name of a borough of the city Watenstedt-Salzgitter that existed at the time. Salzgitter is located in a bride dell coated with loess, between the Oderwald Forest and the Salzgitter-Höhenzug, the city stretches up to 24 km from north to south and up to 19 km from east to west. The highest point is the hill Hamberg, located northwest of Salzgitter-Bad, the following cities, towns and municipalities, listed clockwise beginning in the northeast, border on the city of Salzgitter. These 31 boroughs are combined to 7 towns, each town has an elected mayor and town council. The name was derived from the neighbouring village Gitter as up dem solte to Gytere, which means salt near Gitter, later, Salzgitter belonged to the diocese of Hildesheim. When the diocese was transferred to Prussia in 1803, the law was reconfirmed, but taken away once more in 1815. In 1830, a bath was established in Salzgitter. After the Kingdom of Hanover was transferred to Prussia in 1866, Salzgitter became a Prussian municipality, prior to that, the towns Vorsalz and Liebenhall had been incorporated. Salzgitter now belonged to the Landkreis of Goslar and included, apart from Salzgitter itself, also small settlements like Gittertor. In 1936, Kniestedt was incorporated, it is part of Salzgitter-Bad now. Due to the iron ore body in Salzgitter, which had been mentioned first in 1310. In order to facilitate an unobstructed development of the smelting works, therefore, it was decreed in the Order about the area settlement around the Hermann-Göring-Werke Salzgitter, effective from 1 April 1942, to form a unified city district. As the neighbouring municipality Gitter had already incorporated in 1938
3.
Hildesheim
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Hildesheim is a city in Lower Saxony, Germany with almost 100,000 inhabitants. It is located in the district of Hildesheim, about 30 km southeast of Hanover on the banks of the Innerste River, the settlement around the cathedral very quickly developed into a town and was awarded market rights by King Otto III in 983. Originally the market was held in a street called Old Market which still exists today, the first market place was laid out around the church St. Andreas. When the city grew further, a market place became necessary. The present market place of Hildesheim was laid out at the beginning of the 13th century when the city had about 5,000 inhabitants, when Hildesheim obtained city status in 1249, it was one of the biggest cities in Northern Germany. For four centuries the clergy ruled Hildesheim, before a city hall was built, construction of the present City Hall started in 1268. In 1367 Hildesheim became a member of the Hanseatic League, a war between the citizens and their bishop cost dearly in 1519-1523 when they engaged in a feud. Hildesheim became Lutheran in 1542, and only the cathedral and a few buildings remained in imperial hands. Several villages around the city remained Catholic as well, in 1813, after the Napoleonic Wars, the town became part of the Kingdom of Hanover, which was annexed by the Kingdom of Prussia as a province after the Austro-Prussian War in 1866. In 1868 a highly valuable trove of about 70 Roman silver vessels for eating and drinking, the city was heavily damaged by air raids in 1945, especially on 22 March. 28. 5% of the houses were destroyed and 44. 7% damaged. 26. 8% of the houses remained undamaged, the centre, which had retained its medieval character until then, was almost levelled. As in many cities, priority was given to building of badly needed housing. Fortunately, most of the churches, two of them now UNESCO World Heritage Sites, were rebuilt in the original style soon after the war. During the war, valuable world heritage materials had been hidden in the basement of the city wall, in 1978, the University of Hildesheim was founded. In the 1980s a reconstruction of the centre began. Some of the concrete buildings around the market place were torn down. In the fall of 2007, a decision was made to reconstruct the Umgestülpter Zuckerhut, in 2015 the town celebrates 1200 years from 815 to 2015 with the Day of Lower Saxony
4.
Diekholzen
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Diekholzen is a village and a municipality in the district of Hildesheim, in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is situated approximately 6 km southwest of Hildesheim on the Beuster, in 1974, the former villages of Diekholzen, Söhre, Barienrode and Egenstedt were united to form the municipality of Diekholzen. Each village has its own history and various sights, most of the inhabitants are Roman Catholics. The largest village of the municipality is Diekholzen with a building, a school, a hospital, several shops, a supermarket, some restaurants. Several times a day, each village of the municipality is accessible from Hildesheim and from Alfeld by bus
5.
Bad Salzdetfurth
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Bad Salzdetfurth is a town on the banks of the River Lamme in the district of Hildesheim, in Lower Saxony, Germany. It was mentioned in Tom Clancys bestseller Red Storm Rising, the place was devastated by fire or flood several times. The worst flood occurred in 1738 when 176 houses were destroyed, the word Bad meaning spa was added to the name in 1921. On 22 March 1945, during an air raid on Hildesheim, Bad Salzderfurth was hit by several bombs. Bad Salzdetfurth was officially awarded town status in 1949, each of the villages incorporated in 1974 has its own history and its own traditions. There are various sights in the town itself and in each of the villages, there are many well-preserved half-timbered houses in the old town centre, such as the Miners Guild Hall dating from 1898, and in the village of Wesseln. The Catholic Church of St. Gallus at Detfurth was built in a classicist style in the period 1772 to 1779, other interesting village churches and chapels can be seen in Hockeln, Bodenburg, Breinum, Östrum, Wehrstedt and Klein Düngen. The Church of St. John the Baptist in Wesseln was built in a neogothic style in 1853-55. The largest church in Bad Salzdetfurth itself is St. Georges Church, a Protestant church with a wooden ceiling. In the west wall a mark, which is 3 metres above ground level, the baroque altar dates from 1717. The organ, dating from 1590, originally stood in St. Lamberti, there is a municipal museum dedicated to the mining history of Bad Salzdetfurth. Originally the brick building now houses the museum was a school. The museum was founded in 1987, the most modern church in Bad Salzdetfurth is the Catholic Holy Family Church which was built 1960-61 and consecrated on 3 September 1961. Originally, very few Catholics lived in Bad Salzdetfurth, after the Second World War, however, many Catholic refugees from Silesia settled in the town. Bad Salzdetfurth can be reached from Hildesheim by train, the railway station is in the middle of the town. There are railway halting places in the villages Bodenburg, Detfurth, Wesseln, on working days, there is at least one train per hour to and from Hildesheim. On Sundays and public holidays there is one every two hours
6.
Eberholzen
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Eberholzen is a village and a former municipality in the district of Hildesheim in Lower Saxony, Germany. Since 1 November 2016, it is part of the municipality Sibbesse, Eberholzen is a very old village. The first mention of the village, which was originally called Eilbereholthusen, was in a document which was written in 1240, according to this document Eberholzen was tributary to a monastery in the nearby village of Escherde. The tower of the Protestant church dates back to the 12th century, a medieval stone coffin can be seen in front of the church. According to a legend, it belonged to Ritter von Eberhardt, several well-preserved half-timbered houses are sightworthy in the middle of the village. Unlike many villages in Lower Saxony, Eberholzen has still a village shop. There is also a butchers shop. There is a bus service to Hildesheim and Alfeld, with several trips each day, media related to Eberholzen at Wikimedia Commons
7.
Sibbesse
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Sibbesse is a village and a municipality in the district of Hildesheim, in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is situated approximately 10 km south of Hildesheim, since 1 November 2016, the former municipalities Adenstedt, Almstedt, Eberholzen and Westfeld are part of the municipality Sibbesse. Sibbesse was the seat of the former Samtgemeinde Sibbesse, the villages Möllensen, Hönze and Petze are also part of the municipality
8.
Westfeld
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Westfeld is a village and a former municipality in the district of Hildesheim in Lower Saxony, Germany. Since 1 November 2016, it is part of the municipality Sibbesse, Westfeld consists of two villages, Westfeld and Wrisbergholzen. Wrisbergholzen, the village, has various sights to offer. Wrisbergholzen Castle which was built 1740 to 1745 is famous for its Faience Hall dating from 1752 and its walls are covered with about 800 faiences with words in Italian, Latin and French. The former Faience Manufactory which was founded in 1736 as a Porcellain Fabrique can be visited opposite the castle, Saint Martins Church is a Protestant church dedicated to Saint Martin of Tours, a French saint. The church tower was built in the 12th century, inside the church there are various baroque paintings and an interesting wooden vault ceiling. The wooden pulpit dates from 1612 and the baptismal font dates from the end of the 16th century. The retable was painted in 1734, the Parsonage opposite the church is a large half-timbered house which was built in 1603. The eastern part was added in 1728, there are several well-preserved and interesting half-timbered houses in the High Street and in the Market Place which were built in the 18th century. In some facades colourful wood carvings can be seen
9.
Almstedt
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Almstedt is a village and a former municipality in the district of Hildesheim in Lower Saxony, Germany. Since 1 November 2016, it is part of the municipality Sibbesse, Almstedt consists of the village of Almstedt and the smaller village of Segeste. Each of the villages has an old church and well-preserved half-timbered houses. The church in Segeste was built in 1770
10.
Germany
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Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a federal parliamentary republic in central-western Europe. It includes 16 constituent states, covers an area of 357,021 square kilometres, with about 82 million inhabitants, Germany is the most populous member state of the European Union. After the United States, it is the second most popular destination in the world. Germanys capital and largest metropolis is Berlin, while its largest conurbation is the Ruhr, other major cities include Hamburg, Munich, Cologne, Frankfurt, Stuttgart, Düsseldorf and Leipzig. Various Germanic tribes have inhabited the northern parts of modern Germany since classical antiquity, a region named Germania was documented before 100 AD. During the Migration Period the Germanic tribes expanded southward, beginning in the 10th century, German territories formed a central part of the Holy Roman Empire. During the 16th century, northern German regions became the centre of the Protestant Reformation, in 1871, Germany became a nation state when most of the German states unified into the Prussian-dominated German Empire. After World War I and the German Revolution of 1918–1919, the Empire was replaced by the parliamentary Weimar Republic, the establishment of the national socialist dictatorship in 1933 led to World War II and the Holocaust. After a period of Allied occupation, two German states were founded, the Federal Republic of Germany and the German Democratic Republic, in 1990, the country was reunified. In the 21st century, Germany is a power and has the worlds fourth-largest economy by nominal GDP. As a global leader in industrial and technological sectors, it is both the worlds third-largest exporter and importer of goods. Germany is a country with a very high standard of living sustained by a skilled. It upholds a social security and universal health system, environmental protection. Germany was a member of the European Economic Community in 1957. It is part of the Schengen Area, and became a co-founder of the Eurozone in 1999, Germany is a member of the United Nations, NATO, the G8, the G20, and the OECD. The national military expenditure is the 9th highest in the world, the English word Germany derives from the Latin Germania, which came into use after Julius Caesar adopted it for the peoples east of the Rhine. This in turn descends from Proto-Germanic *þiudiskaz popular, derived from *þeudō, descended from Proto-Indo-European *tewtéh₂- people, the discovery of the Mauer 1 mandible shows that ancient humans were present in Germany at least 600,000 years ago. The oldest complete hunting weapons found anywhere in the world were discovered in a mine in Schöningen where three 380, 000-year-old wooden javelins were unearthed
11.
States of Germany
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Germany is a federal republic consisting of sixteen federal states. Since todays Germany was formed from a collection of several states, it has a federal constitution. The remaining 13 states are called Flächenländer, the creation of the Federal Republic of Germany in 1949 was through the unification of the western states created in the aftermath of World War II. West Berlin, while not part of the Federal Republic, was largely integrated and considered as a de facto state. In 1952, following a referendum, Baden, Württemberg-Baden, in 1957, the Saar Protectorate rejoined the Federal Republic as the Saarland. Federalism is one of the constitutional principles of Germany. After 1945, new states were constituted in all four zones of occupation, in 1949, the states in the three western zones formed the Federal Republic of Germany. This is in contrast to the development in Austria, where the Bund was constituted first. The use of the term Länder dates back to the Weimar Constitution of 1919, before this time, the constituent states of the German Empire were called Staaten. Today, it is common to use the term Bundesland. However, this term is not used officially, neither by the constitution of 1919 nor by the Basic Law of 1949, three Länder call themselves Freistaaten, Bavaria, Saxony, and Thuringia. He summarizes the arguments for boundary reform in Germany. The German system of dual federalism requires strong Länder that have the administrative and fiscal capacity to implement legislation, too many Länder also make coordination among them and with the federation more complicated. But several proposals have failed so far, territorial reform remains a topic in German politics. Federalism has a tradition in German history. The Holy Roman Empire comprised many petty states numbering more than 300 around 1796, the number of territories was greatly reduced during the Napoleonic Wars. After the Congress of Vienna,39 states formed the German Confederation, the new German Empire included 25 states and the imperial territory of Alsace-Lorraine. The empire was dominated by Prussia, which controlled 65% of the territory, after the territorial losses of the Treaty of Versailles, the remaining states continued as republics of a new German federation
12.
Alfeld
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For the town in the district of Nürnberger Land, see Alfeld, Bavaria. Alfeld is a town in Lower Saxony, Germany, located on the Leine river, it is the second biggest city in the district of Hildesheim in southern Lower Saxony and part of the Metropolitan region Hannover-Braunschweig-Göttingen-Wolfsburg. Alfeld is a member of the Leinebergland region and on the German Timber-Frame Road, the town was founded before 1214, with the name Alvelde recorded in 1214,1221, and 1233. The toponymic element -feld means open area, an undeveloped, open field, al- likely derives from the Indoeuropean root el-/ol- meaning water, damp, or flowing. In 1426, Alfeld joined the Saxon League of Towns, thus becoming a member of the Hanseatic League. The town was one of the smallest cities in the Hanseatic League, but had become prosperous in the fourteenth and fifteenth century through its trade in beer, hops, linen, and yarn. Alfeld originally belonged to the Diocese of Hildesheim, but was transferred to the Principality of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel after the Hildesheim Diocesan Feud, in retrospect, this Brunswick period constituted Alfelds Golden Age, its economy and culture flourishing before the Thirty Years War. More famous are the Seven Hills in the north and the Lippoldshöhle, the assertion that the popular fairy tale of Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs was born in Alfeld is false. Even though the miners who mined ore In the Seven Mountains believed in the existence of dwarfs, the version the brothers Grimm heard and wrote down, as they travelled through the Seven Mountains, on the so-called Märchenstrasse is just one of many. The biggest employer of the city is the SAPPI factory with its big chimney, even more famous than SAPPI is the Fagus Werk, rebuilt in 1910-1915 after the blueprints of architect Walter-Gropius, what is said to be trend-setting for modern architecture. Alfeld is an important town fought for repeatedly by both NATO and Soviet forces in Tom Clancys novel Red Storm Rising
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Bad Salzdetfurth (help·info) is a town on the banks of the River Lamme in the district of Hildesheim, in Lower Saxony, Germany.
Bodenburg
Breinum
Groß Düngen
Klein Düngen
Heinde
Listringen
Östrum
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(in German)
