Bahujan Samaj Party

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For the Nepalese party, see Bahujan Samaj Party, Nepal.

Bahujan Samaj Party
AbbreviationBSP
PresidentMayawati[1]
Secretary-General
Lok Sabha leaderShyam Singh Yadav[5]
Rajya Sabha leaderSatish Chandra Mishra
FounderKanshi Ram
Founded14 April 1984 (35 years ago) (1984-04-14)
Preceded byDSSSS
Headquarters12, Gurudwara Rakabganj Road, New Delhi, India-110001
NewspaperBahujan Samaj Bulletin
Volunteer's wingBahujan Volunteer Force
IdeologySocialism[6]
Affirmative action
Human rights
Social equality[7]
Secularism
Social justice[8]
Self respect[9]
Political positionCentre-left[10]
Colours     Blue
ECI StatusNational Party
Alliance
Seats in Lok Sabha
10 / 545
Seats in Rajya Sabha
4 / 245
Seats in State Legislative Assembly
Indian states
18 / 403
(Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly)
8 / 100
(Uttar Pradesh Vidhan Parishad)
1 / 223
(Karnataka Legislative Assembly)
2 / 230
(Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly)
6 / 200
(Rajasthan Legislative Assembly)
2 / 90
(Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly)
1 / 81
(Jharkhand Legislative Assembly)
1 / 90
(Haryana Legislative Assembly)
Number of states and union territories in government
3 / 31
Election symbol
Elephant
Website
www.bspindia.org

The Bahujan Samaj Party (BSP) is a national level political party in India that was formed to represent Bahujans (literally means "people in majority"), referring to Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes, and Other Backward Castes (OBC), along with religious minorities. According to Kanshi Ram, when he founded the party in 1984, the Bahujans comprised 85 percent of India's population, but were divided into 6,000 different castes;[11][12] the party claims to be inspired by the philosophy of Gautama Buddha, B. R. Ambedkar, Mahatma Jyotiba Phule, Narayana Guru, Periyar E. V. Ramasamy and Chhatrapati Shahuji Maharaj.[13] Kanshi Ram named his protégée, Mayawati, as his successor in 2001; the BSP has its main base in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. In the 2017 Uttar Pradesh elections, BSP was the second-largest party, with over 22% of votes despite winning only 19 seats,[14] its election symbol is an elephant. The BSP has no separate youth wing; however, youth representation is over 50%.[15] BSP has no social media accounts or website.[16] Sudhindra Bhadoria, a senior party leader, is the only official spokesperson of the BSP.[17]

Etymology[edit]

"Bahujan" is a Pali term frequently found in Buddhist texts, and literally refers to "the many", or "the majority. It appears in the dictum "Bahujana Hitaya Bahujana Sukhaya", or "The benefit and prosperity of the many", articulated by Gautama Buddha.[18][19][20] In his writing, B. R. Ambedkar used the term to refer to the majority of people in Hindu society that experienced discrimination and oppression on the basis of caste. Jotirao Phule used the term in a similar context, and compared the lower castes of India to slaves in the United States. Dalit and lower-caste writers have suggested this proportion was 85 percent of the population.[20][21] Lower-caste people are sometimes collectively referred to as "bahujan samaj", or the majority community;[22][23] the term has also been translated as "subaltern".[23] The precise set of caste groups described as "Bahujan" has varied with context; in the state of Maharashtra, for example, the term has often excluded Dalits. However, it always refers to non-Dvija, or twice-born, castes, and thus does not include Brahmins, Kshatriyas, or Vaishyas.[24][25][26]

History[edit]

Ideology[edit]

Its self-proclaimed ideology is "Social Transformation and Economic Emancipation" of the "Bahujan Samaj"; the "Bahujan Samaj", to them, consists of the lower-caste groups in India like the Scheduled Castes (SC), the Scheduled Tribes (ST) and the Other Backward Classes (OBC). It also includes religious minorities like Sikhs, Muslims, Christians, Parsis, and Buddhists, they see these groups as victims of the "Manuwadi" system for millennia, a system which benefited upper-caste Hindus only. B. R. Ambedkar, a champion of lower-caste rights, is an important ideological inspiration. The party claims not to be prejudiced against upper-caste Hindus. In 2008, while addressing the audience, Mayawati said: "Our policies and ideology are not against any particular caste or religion. If we were anti-upper caste, we would not have given tickets to candidates from upper castes to contest elections".[27] Satish Chandra Mishra, a BSP senior leader, is upper caste; the party also believe in egalitarianism and hold a strong emphasis on social justice.[28]

Strategy[edit]

The Bahujan Samaj Party was founded on the birth anniversary of B. R. Ambedkar, 14 April 1984, by Kanshi Ram,[29] who named former schoolteacher, Mayawati, as his successor of BSP in 2001.[30]

Lesser-known figures from the Indian Rebellion of 1857 have been used as Dalit icons by the BSP, such as Avantibai, Uda Devi, Mahaviri Devi,[31] Jhalkaribai,[32] Matadin Bhangi, Ballu Mehtar, Vira Pasi, Banke Chamar [33] and Chetram Jatav,[34] the social scientist Badri Narayan Tiwari has noted that

Dalit intellectuals supported by BSP, which is trying to mobilize grassroot Dalits using local heroes, histories, myths and legends found a wealth of resources in the oral history of the regions of [Uttar Pradesh] centering around the 1857 rebellion; the political strategy of the party is to tell and retell the stories of these heroes, build memorials and organize celebrations around their stories repeatedly to build a collective memory in the psyche of the people. The stories are narrated in such a manner that the Dalits imagine the story of the making of a nation in which they played a significant role.[35]

Development[edit]

The party's power grew quickly with seats in the Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh and the Lok Sabha, the lower house of the Parliament of India. In 1993, following the assembly elections, Mayawati formed a coalition with Samajwadi Party president Mulayam Singh Yadav as Chief Minister. On 2 June 1995, she withdrew support from his government, which led to a major incident where Yadav was accused of sending his goons to keep her party legislators hostage at a Lucknow guest house and shout casteist abuses at her.[36] Since this event, they have regarded each other publicly as chief rivals.[37]

Mayawati then obtained support from the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) to become Chief Minister on 3 June 1995. In October 1995, the BJP withdrew their support and fresh elections were called after a period of President's Rule. In 2003, Mayawati resigned from her own government to prove that she was not "hungry for power"[38] and asked the BJP-run Government of India to remove Union Tourism and Culture Minister, Jagmohan.[39] In 2007, she began leading a BSP-formed government with an absolute majority for a full five-year term.[40]

Bahujan Samaj Party claims to represent the low and lowly. A man carrying the BSP flag.

Success in 2007[edit]

The results of the May 2007 Uttar Pradesh state assembly election saw the BSP emerge as a sole majority party, the first to do so since 1991. Mayawati began her fourth term as Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh and took her oath of office along with 50 ministers of cabinet and state rank on 13 May 2007, at Rajbhawan in the state capital of Lucknow.[41] Most importantly, the majority achieved in large part was due to the party's ability to take away majority of upper castes votes from their traditional party, the BJP.[28]

Flags of "Bahujan Samaj Party" at Shivaji Park, Mumbai.

The party could manage only 80 seats in 2012 as against 206 in 2007 assembly elections. BSP government was the first in the history of Uttar Pradesh to complete its full five-year term.[42] On 26 May 2018, Ram Achal Rajbhar was replaced by R S Kushwaha as the president of UP unit.[43]

The 2014 national Lok Sabha elections saw the BSP become the third-largest national party of India in terms of vote percentage, having 4.2% of the vote across the country but gaining no seats.[44]

2019 Lok Sabha Elections Mahagathbandhan[edit]

Prior to the 2019 Lok Sabha elections, BSP formed a Mahagathbandhan. The Mahagathbandhan (or Grand Alliance), or simply the Gathbandhan (Alliance),[45][46] is an anti-Congress[47], anti-BJP[48]Indian political alliance formed in the run-up to the 2019 general election under the leadership of two former Chief Ministers of Uttar Pradesh, Akhilesh Yadav of the Samajwadi Party and Mayawati of the Bahujan Samaj Party, along with Ajit Singh’s Rashtriya Lok Dal and several other political parties, contesting in different states of India.[49][50][51][52][53][54]

The Mahagathbandhan won 10 seats in Uttar Pradesh.[55]

Election results[edit]

Lok Sabha (Lower House)[edit]

Lok Sabha Term Indian
General Election 		Seats
contested 		Seats
won 		% of
votes 		% of votes in
seats contested 		State (seats)
9th Lok Sabha 1989 245 4 2.07 4.53 Punjab (1)
Uttar Pradesh (3)[56]
10th Lok Sabha 1991 231 3 1.61 3.64 Madhya_Pradesh(1)
Punjab (1)
Uttar Pradesh (1)[57]
11th Lok Sabha 1996 210 11 4.02 11.21 Madhya Pradesh(2)
Punjab (3)
Uttar Pradesh (6)
12th Lok Sabha 1998 251 5 4.67 9.84 Haryana (1)
Uttar Pradesh (4)
13th Lok Sabha 1999 225 14 4.16 9.97 Uttar Pradesh (14)
14th Lok Sabha 2004 435 19 5.33 6.66 Uttar Pradesh (19)
15th Lok Sabha 2009 500 21 6.17 6.56 Madhya Pradesh(1)
Uttar Pradesh (20)
16th Lok Sabha 2014 503 0 4.19 NA
17th Lok Sabha 2019 351 10 3.63% Uttar Pradesh (10)

Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly (Lower House)[edit]

Vidhan Sabha Term UP
elections 		Seats
contested 		Seats
won 		% of
votes 		% of votes in
seats contested
12th Vidhan Sabha 1993 164 67 11.12 28.52
13th Vidhan Sabha 1996 296 67 19.64 27.73
14th Vidhan Sabha 2002 401 98 23.06 23.19
15th Vidhan Sabha 2007 403 206 30.43 30.43
16th Vidhan Sabha 2012 403 80 25.95 25.95
17th Vidhan Sabha 2017 403 19 22.24 22.24

Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly[edit]

Vidhan Sabha Term Madhya Pradesh
Assembly Election 		Seats
contested 		Seats
won 		% of
votes 		% of votes in
seats contested
9th Vidhan Sabha 1990 183 2 3.54 5.89
10th Vidhan Sabha 1993 286 2 7.05 7.86
11th Vidhan Sabha 1998 170 11 6.15 11.39
12th Vidhan Sabha 2003 157 2 7.26 10.62
13th Vidhan Sabha 2008 230 7 8.97 9.29
14th Vidhan Sabha 2013 227 4 6.29 6.42
15th Vidhan Sabha 2018 230 2 5.00

Rajasthan Legislative Assembly[edit]

Vidhan Sabha Term Rajasthan
Assembly Election 		Seats
contested 		Seats
won 		% of
votes 		% of votes in
seats contested
9th Vidhan Sabha 1990 57 0 0.79 2.54
10th Vidhan Sabha 1993 50 0 0.56 2.01
11th Vidhan Sabha 1998 108 2 2.17 3.81
12th Vidhan Sabha 2003 124 2 3.97 6.40
13th Vidhan Sabha 2008 199 6 7.60 7.66
14th Vidhan Sabha 2013 199 3 3.37 3.48
15th Vidhan Sabha 2018 199 6 4.00

Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly[edit]

Vidhan Sabha Term Chhattisgarh

Assembly Election

Seats
contested 		Seats
won 		% of
votes 		% of votes in
seats contested
2nd Vidhan Sabha 2003 54 2 4.45 6.94
3rd Vidhan Sabha 2008 90 2 6.11 6.11
4th Vidhan Sabha 2013 90 1 4.27 4.27
5th Vidhan Sabha 2018 33 2 3.9 3.9

Bihar Legislative Assembly[edit]

Vidhan Sabha Term Bihar
Assembly Election 		Seats
contested 		Seats
won 		% of
votes 		% of votes in
seats contested
10th Vidhan Sabha 1990 164 0 0.73 1.41
11th Vidhan Sabha 1995 161 2 1.34 2.66
12th Vidhan Sabha 2000 249 5 1.89 2.47
13th Vidhan Sabha Feb. 2005 238 2 4.41 4.50
14th Vidhan Sabha Oct. 2005 212 4 4.17 4.75
15th Vidhan Sabha 2010 243 0 3.21 3.27
16th Vidhan Sabha 2015 228 0 2.1 2.2[58]

Delhi Legislative Assembly[edit]

Vidhan Sabha Term Delhi
Assembly Election 		Seats
contested 		Seats
won 		% of
votes 		% of votes in
seats contested
1st Vidhan Sabha 1992 55 1 3.90 2.42
2nd Vidhan Sabha 1998 58 0 3.15 3.63
3rd Vidhan Sabha 2003 40 0 5.76 8.96
4th Vidhan Sabha 2008 70 2 15

.05

14.05
5th Vidhan Sabha 2013 69 0 5.33 5.44
6th Vidhan Sabha 2015 70 0 1.31 1.31

Haryana Legislative Assembly[edit]

Vidhan Sabha Term Haryana

Assembly Election

Seats
contested 		Seats
won 		% of
votes 		% of votes in
seats contested
10th Vidhan Sabha 2000 83 1 5.74 6.22
11th Vidhan Sabha 2005 84 1 3.22 3.44
12th Vidhan Sabha 2009 86 1 6.73 7.05
13th Vidhan Sabha 2014 87 1[59] 4.37[60] 4.52

Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly[edit]

Vidhan Sabha Term Himachal Pradesh
Assembly Election 		Seats
contested 		Seats
won 		% of
votes 		% of votes in
seats contested
7th Vidhan Sabha 1990 35 0 0.94 1.76
8th Vidhan Sabha 1993 49 0 2.25 3.0
9th Vidhan Sabha 1998 28 0 1.41 3.28
10th Vidhan Sabha 2003 23 0 0.7 2.02
11th Vidhan Sabha 2007 67 1 7.40 7.37
12th Vidhan Sabha 2012 67 0 1.7 2.02
13th Vidhan Sabha 2017 42 0 0.49 0.79

Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly[edit]

Vidhan Sabha Term Jammu and Kashmir
Assembly Election 		Seats
contested 		Seats
won 		% of
votes 		% of votes in
seats contested
9th Vidhan Sabha 1996 29 4 6.43 15.07[61]
10th Vidhan Sabha 2002 33 1 4.50 7.86[62]
11th Vidhan Sabha 2008 83 0 3.73 3.73[63]
12th Vidhan Sabha 2014 50 0 1.41 2.07[64]

Jharkhand Legislative Assembly[edit]

Vidhan Sabha Term Jharkhand
Assembly Election 		Seats
contested 		Seats
won 		% of
votes 		% of votes in
seats contested
3rd Vidhan Sabha 2009 78 0 2.44 2.55[65]
4th Vidhan Sabha 2014 61[66] 1[67] 1.8 2.4

Karnataka Legislative Assembly[edit]

Vidhan Sabha Term Karnataka

Assembly Election

Seats
contested 		Seats
won 		Total of
votes 		% of
votes 		% of votes in
seats contested
15th Vidhan Sabha 2018 18 1 108592 0.30% 3.72%

Kerala Legislative Assembly[edit]

Vidhan Sabha Term Kerala
Assembly Election 		Seats
contested 		Seats
won 		% of
votes 		% of votes in
seats contested
13th Vidhan Sabha 2011 122 0 0.60 0.70
14th Vidhan Sabha 2016 74 0 0.24 0.45

Maharashtra Legislative Assembly[edit]

Vidhan Sabha Term Maharashtra

Assembly Election

Seats
contested 		Seats
won 		% of
votes 		% of votes in
seats contested
8th Vidhan Sabha 1990 122 0 0.42 0.98
9th Vidhan Sabha 1995 145 0 1.49 2.82
10th Vidhan Sabha 1999 83 0 0.39 1.24
11th Vidhan Sabha 2004 272 0 4.0 4.18
12th Vidhan Sabha 2009 287 0 2.35 2.42
13th Vidhan Sabha 2014 280[68] 0 2.25[69] 2.33

Punjab Legislative Assembly[edit]

Vidhan Sabha Term Punjab
Assembly Election 		Seats
contested 		Seats
won 		% of
votes 		% of votes in
seats contested
10th Vidhan Sabha 1992 105 9 16.32 17.59
11th Vidhan Sabha 1997 67 1 7.48 13.28
12th Vidhan Sabha 2002 100 0 5.69 6.61
13th Vidhan Sabha 2007 115 0 4.13 4.17
14th Vidhan Sabha 2012 117 0 4.29 4.30
15th Vidhan Sabha 2017 111 0 1.52 1.59

Telangana Legislative Assembly[edit]

Electoral performance in the Telangana Legislative Assembly
Election Leader Votes Seats Position Resulting government
# % # ±
2014 Mayawati 4,58,762 1.00
2 / 117
  – 7th TRS majority
2018 Mayawati 4,28,430 2.10
0 / 117
 Decrease2 none TRS majority

Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly[edit]

Electoral performance in the Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly
Election Leader Votes Seats Position Resulting government
# % # ±
2002 Mayawati 3,12,842 10.93
7 / 70
  – 3rd INC majority
2007 Mayawati 4,43,703 11.76
8 / 70
 Increase1 3rd BJP coalition
2012 Mayawati 5,18,227 12.19
3 / 70
 Decrease5 3rd INC coalition
2017 Mayawati 3,47,533 6.98
0 / 70
 Decrease3 none BJP majority

See also[edit]

References[edit]

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External links[edit]

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