1.
Academic library
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It is unknown how many academic libraries there are internationally. An academic and research portal maintained by UNESCO links to 3,785 libraries, according to the National Center for Education Statistics, there are an estimated 3,700 academic libraries in the United States. The support of teaching and learning material for class readings. In the past, the material for class readings, intended to supplement lectures as prescribed by the instructor, has been called reserves, in the period before electronic resources became available, the reserves were supplied as actual books or as photocopies of appropriate journal articles. Academic libraries must determine a focus for development since comprehensive collections are not feasible. Librarians do this by identifying the needs of the faculty and student body, as well as the mission, when there are particular areas of specialization in academic libraries, these are often referred to as niche collections. These collections are often the basis of a special department and may include original papers, artwork. There is a deal of variation among academic libraries based on their size, resources, collections. The Harvard University Library is considered to be the largest academic library in the world and has the third largest collection in the United States, another notable example is the University of the South Pacific which has academic libraries distributed throughout its twelve member countries. The first colleges in the United States were intended to train members of the clergy, the libraries associated with these institutions largely consisted of donated books on the subjects of theology and the classics. In 1766, Yale had approximately 4,000 volumes, second only to Harvard, access to these libraries was restricted to faculty members and a few students, the only staff was a part-time faculty member or the president of the college. The priority of the library was to protect the books, not to allow patrons to use them, in 1849, Yale was open 30 hours a week, the University of Virginia was open nine hours a week, Columbia University four, and Bowdoin College only three. Students instead created literary societies and assessed entrance fees in order to build a collection of usable volumes often in excess of what the university library held. Around the turn of the century, this began to change. The American Library Association was formed in 1876, with members including Melvil Dewey, Libraries re-prioritized in favor of improving access to materials, and found funding increasing as a result of increased demand for said materials. Academic libraries today vary in regard to the extent to which they accommodate those who are not affiliated with their parent universities, some offer reading and borrowing privileges to members of the public on payment of an annual fee, such fees can vary greatly. The privileges so obtained usually do not extend to such services as computer usage, other than to search the catalog, alumni and students of cooperating local universities may be given discounts or other consideration when arranging for borrowing privileges. On the other hand, access to the libraries of universities is absolutely restricted to students, faculty
2.
Geographic coordinate system
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A geographic coordinate system is a coordinate system used in geography that enables every location on Earth to be specified by a set of numbers, letters or symbols. The coordinates are chosen such that one of the numbers represents a vertical position. A common choice of coordinates is latitude, longitude and elevation, to specify a location on a two-dimensional map requires a map projection. The invention of a coordinate system is generally credited to Eratosthenes of Cyrene. Ptolemy credited him with the adoption of longitude and latitude. Ptolemys 2nd-century Geography used the prime meridian but measured latitude from the equator instead. Mathematical cartography resumed in Europe following Maximus Planudes recovery of Ptolemys text a little before 1300, in 1884, the United States hosted the International Meridian Conference, attended by representatives from twenty-five nations. Twenty-two of them agreed to adopt the longitude of the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, the Dominican Republic voted against the motion, while France and Brazil abstained. France adopted Greenwich Mean Time in place of local determinations by the Paris Observatory in 1911, the latitude of a point on Earths surface is the angle between the equatorial plane and the straight line that passes through that point and through the center of the Earth. Lines joining points of the same latitude trace circles on the surface of Earth called parallels, as they are parallel to the equator, the north pole is 90° N, the south pole is 90° S. The 0° parallel of latitude is designated the equator, the plane of all geographic coordinate systems. The equator divides the globe into Northern and Southern Hemispheres, the longitude of a point on Earths surface is the angle east or west of a reference meridian to another meridian that passes through that point. All meridians are halves of great ellipses, which converge at the north and south poles, the prime meridian determines the proper Eastern and Western Hemispheres, although maps often divide these hemispheres further west in order to keep the Old World on a single side. The antipodal meridian of Greenwich is both 180°W and 180°E, the combination of these two components specifies the position of any location on the surface of Earth, without consideration of altitude or depth. The grid formed by lines of latitude and longitude is known as a graticule, the origin/zero point of this system is located in the Gulf of Guinea about 625 km south of Tema, Ghana. To completely specify a location of a feature on, in, or above Earth. Earth is not a sphere, but a shape approximating a biaxial ellipsoid. It is nearly spherical, but has an equatorial bulge making the radius at the equator about 0. 3% larger than the radius measured through the poles, the shorter axis approximately coincides with the axis of rotation
3.
Library
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A library is a collection of sources of information and similar resources, made accessible to a defined community for reference or borrowing. It provides physical or digital access to material, and may be a building or room, or a virtual space. Libraries range in size from a few shelves of books to several million items, in Latin and Greek, the idea of a bookcase is represented by Bibliotheca and Bibliothēkē, derivatives of these mean library in many modern languages, e. g. French bibliothèque. The first libraries consisted of archives of the earliest form of clay tablets in cuneiform script discovered in Sumer. Private or personal libraries made up of books appeared in classical Greece in the 5th century BC. In the 6th century, at the close of the Classical period. A library is organized for use and maintained by a body, an institution. In addition to providing materials, libraries also provide the services of librarians who are experts at finding and organizing information, Libraries often provide quiet areas for studying, and they also often offer common areas to facilitate group study and collaboration. Libraries often provide facilities for access to their electronic resources. Modern libraries are increasingly being redefined as places to get unrestricted access to information in many formats, the first libraries consisted of archives of the earliest form of writing—the clay tablets in cuneiform script discovered in temple rooms in Sumer, some dating back to 2600 BC. These archives, which consisted of the records of commercial transactions or inventories, mark the end of prehistory. Things were much the same in the government and temple records on papyrus of Ancient Egypt, the earliest discovered private archives were kept at Ugarit, besides correspondence and inventories, texts of myths may have been standardized practice-texts for teaching new scribes. There is also evidence of libraries at Nippur about 1900 BC, philosopher Laozi was keeper of books in the earliest library in China, which belonged to the Imperial Zhou dynasty. Also, evidence of catalogues found in some destroyed ancient libraries illustrates the presence of librarians, the Library of Alexandria, in Egypt, was the largest and most significant great library of the ancient world. It flourished under the patronage of the Ptolemaic dynasty and functioned as a center of scholarship from its construction in the 3rd century BC until the Roman conquest of Egypt in 30 BC. The library was conceived and opened either during the reign of Ptolemy I Soter or during the reign of his son Ptolemy II, an early organization system was in effect at Alexandria. The Library of Celsus in Ephesus, Anatolia, now part of Selçuk, Turkey was built in honor of the Roman Senator Tiberius Julius Celsus Polemaeanus by Celsus’ son, the library was built to store 12,000 scrolls and to serve as a monumental tomb for Celsus. Private or personal libraries made up of books appeared in classical Greece in the 5th century BC
4.
Dartmouth College
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Dartmouth College is a private Ivy League research university in Hanover, New Hampshire, United States. Established in 1769 by Eleazar Wheelock, Dartmouth is one of the nine colonial colleges chartered before the American Revolution, with a total student enrollment of about 6,400, Dartmouth is the smallest university in the Ivy League. Undergraduate admissions is highly competitive, with a rate of 10. 4% for the Class of 2021. Dartmouths 269-acre campus is in the rural Upper Valley region of New England, the university functions on a quarter system, operating year-round on four ten-week academic terms. Dartmouth is known for its focus, strong Greek culture. Its 34 varsity sports teams compete intercollegiately in the Ivy League conference of the NCAA Division I, Dartmouth is consistently included among the highest-ranked universities in the United States by several institutional rankings. According to a Forbes study, despite its small size. In a New York Times corporate study, Dartmouths graduates were shown to be among the most sought-after and valued in the world. Dartmouth has produced prominent alumni, including 170 members of the U. S. Senate. Cabinet officials,3 Nobel Prize laureates,2 U. S. Supreme Court justices, diplomats, scholars in academia, literary and media figures, professional athletes, and Olympic medalists. Dartmouth was founded by Eleazar Wheelock, a Congregational minister from Columbia, Connecticut, wheelocks ostensible inspiration for such an establishment resulted from his relationship with Mohegan Indian Samson Occom. Occom became a minister after studying under Wheelock from 1743 to 1747. Wheelock founded Moors Indian Charity School in 1755, the Charity School proved somewhat successful, but additional funding was necessary to continue schools operations, and Wheelock sought the help of friends to raise money. Occom, accompanied by the Reverend Nathaniel Whitaker, traveled to England in 1766 to raise money from churches, with these funds, they established a trust to help Wheelock. The head of the trust was a Methodist named William Legge, in seeking to expand the school into a college, Wheelock relocated it to Hanover, in the Province of New Hampshire. The move from Connecticut followed a lengthy and sometimes frustrating effort to find resources, the reference to educating Native American youth was included to connect Dartmouth to the Charity School and enable use of the Charity Schools unspent trust funds. The College granted its first degrees in 1771, given the limited success of the Charity School, however, Wheelock intended his new college as one primarily for whites. An institution called Dartmouth University occupied the buildings and began operating in Hanover in 1817
5.
Hanover, New Hampshire
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Hanover is a town along the Connecticut River in Grafton County, New Hampshire, United States. The population was 11,260 at the 2010 census, CNN and Money magazine rated Hanover the sixth best place to live in America in 2011, and the second best in 2007. This just might be the best college town, read the headline of a story in the January-February 2017 issue of Yankee, Dartmouth College and the US Army Corps of Engineers Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory are located there. The Appalachian Trail crosses the town, the town also contains the villages of Etna and Hanover Center. Hanover was chartered by Governor Benning Wentworth on July 4,1761, and in 1765–1766 its first European inhabitants arrived, although the surface is uneven, the town developed into an agricultural community. Dartmouth College was established in 1769 beside the Common at a called the Plain—an extensive and level tract of land a mile from the Connecticut River. For a time, Dresden was capital of the republic, after various political posturings, however, the towns returned to New Hampshire at the heated insistence of George Washington. Hannover was named either after a parish in Sprague, Connecticut, or after the House of Hanover in honor of the reigning British king. According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has an area of 50.3 square miles, of which 49.0 square miles is land and 1.3 square miles is water. The CDP has an area of 5.0 square miles. Hanover borders the towns of Lyme, Canaan, and Enfield, New Hampshire, Norwich, Vermont, inside the limits of Hanover are the small rural villages of Etna and Hanover Center. The highest point in Hanover is the peak of Moose Mountain. Hanover lies fully within the Connecticut River watershed, there are a number of trails and nature preserves in Hanover, and the majority of these trails are suitable for snowshoes and cross-country skis. The Velvet Rocks Trail, located on the Appalachian Trail, has a number of climbing and bouldering spots. Hanover experiences a warm summer climate, with long, cold, snowy winters. Temperatures average 19.0 °F in January to 70.9 °F in July, as of the census of 2010, there were 11,260 people,3,119 households, and 1,797 families residing in the town. The population density was 220 people per square mile, there were 3,278 housing units at an average density of 65.2 per square mile. The racial makeup of the town was 81. 0% White,3. 4% Black,0. 8% Native American,10. 8% Asian,0. 03% Pacific Islander,0. 7% from other races, and 3. 2% from two or more races
6.
New Hampshire
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New Hampshire is a state in the New England region of the northeastern United States. It is bordered by Massachusetts to the south, Vermont to the west, Maine and the Atlantic Ocean to the east, New Hampshire is the 5th smallest by land area and the 9th least populous of the 50 United States. Concord is the capital, while Manchester is the largest city in the state and in northern New England, including Vermont. It has no sales tax, nor is personal income taxed at either the state or local level. The New Hampshire primary is the first primary in the U. S. presidential election cycle and its license plates carry the state motto, Live Free or Die. The states nickname, The Granite State, refers to its extensive granite formations, the state was named after the southern English county of Hampshire by Captain John Mason. New Hampshire is part of the New England region and it is bounded by Quebec, Canada, to the north and northwest, Maine and the Atlantic Ocean to the east, Massachusetts to the south, and Vermont to the west. New Hampshires major regions are the Great North Woods, the White Mountains, the Lakes Region, the Seacoast, the Merrimack Valley, the Monadnock Region, and the Dartmouth-Lake Sunapee area. New Hampshire has the shortest ocean coastline of any U. S. coastal state, New Hampshire was home to the rock formation called the Old Man of the Mountain, a face-like profile in Franconia Notch, until the formation disintegrated in May 2003. Major rivers include the 110-mile Merrimack River, which bisects the lower half of the state north–south and ends up in Newburyport and its tributaries include the Contoocook River, Pemigewasset River, and Winnipesaukee River. The 410-mile Connecticut River, which starts at New Hampshires Connecticut Lakes and flows south to Connecticut, only one town – Pittsburg – shares a land border with the state of Vermont. The northwesternmost headwaters of the Connecticut also define the Canada–U. S, the Piscataqua River and its several tributaries form the states only significant ocean port where they flow into the Atlantic at Portsmouth. The Salmon Falls River and the Piscataqua define the southern portion of the border with Maine, the U. S. Supreme Court dismissed the case in 2002, leaving ownership of the island with Maine. New Hampshire still claims sovereignty of the base, however, the largest of New Hampshires lakes is Lake Winnipesaukee, which covers 71 square miles in the east-central part of New Hampshire. Umbagog Lake along the Maine border, approximately 12.3 square miles, is a distant second, Squam Lake is the second largest lake entirely in New Hampshire. New Hampshire has the shortest ocean coastline of any state in the United States, Hampton Beach is a popular local summer destination. It is the state with the highest percentage of area in the country. New Hampshire is in the temperate broadleaf and mixed forests biome, much of the state, in particular the White Mountains, is covered by the conifers and northern hardwoods of the New England-Acadian forests
7.
Fresco
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Fresco is a technique of mural painting executed upon freshly-laid, or wet lime plaster. Water is used as the vehicle for the pigment to merge with the plaster, and with the setting of the plaster, the fresco technique has been employed since antiquity and is closely associated with Italian Renaissance painting. Buon fresco pigment mixed with water of temperature on a thin layer of wet, fresh plaster, for which the Italian word for plaster. Because of the makeup of the plaster, a binder is not required, as the pigment mixed solely with the water will sink into the intonaco. The pigment is absorbed by the wet plaster, after a number of hours, many artists sketched their compositions on this underlayer, which would never be seen, in a red pigment called sinopia, a name also used to refer to these under-paintings. Later, new techniques for transferring paper drawings to the wall were developed. The main lines of a drawing made on paper were pricked over with a point, the paper held against the wall, if the painting was to be done over an existing fresco, the surface would be roughened to provide better adhesion. This area is called the giornata, and the different day stages can usually be seen in a large fresco, buon frescoes are difficult to create because of the deadline associated with the drying plaster. Once a giornata is dried, no more buon fresco can be done, if mistakes have been made, it may also be necessary to remove the whole intonaco for that area—or to change them later, a secco. An indispensable component of this process is the carbonatation of the lime, the eyes of the people of the School of Athens are sunken-in using this technique which causes the eyes to seem deeper and more pensive. Michelangelo used this technique as part of his trademark outlining of his central figures within his frescoes, in a wall-sized fresco, there may be ten to twenty or even more giornate, or separate areas of plaster. After five centuries, the giornate, which were nearly invisible, have sometimes become visible, and in many large-scale frescoes. Additionally, the border between giornate was often covered by an a secco painting, which has fallen off. One of the first painters in the period to use this technique was the Isaac Master in the Upper Basilica of Saint Francis in Assisi. A person who creates fresco is called a frescoist, a secco or fresco-secco painting is done on dry plaster. The pigments thus require a medium, such as egg. Blue was a problem, and skies and blue robes were often added a secco, because neither azurite blue nor lapis lazuli. By the end of the century this had largely displaced buon fresco
8.
The Epic of American Civilization
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The Epic of American Civilization is a mural by the social realist painter José Clemente Orozco. It is located in the basement reading room of the Baker Memorial Library on the campus of Dartmouth College in Hanover, the mural was designated a National Historic Landmark in 2013. The two themes of the mural are arranged in separate wings of the reading room, the west wing contains ten panels on the first theme, that of Native Americans. Migration This panel is located on the western wall, to the left of the doors. It depicts the arrival of natives as a march, echoing the industrially-oriented panel at the far eastern end of the room. Snake and Spears Located over the doors, this panel shows a rattlesnake flanked by spears. Its color palette suggests it was painted when Orozco worked on the eastern panels, ancient Human Sacrifice This panel, to the right of the western doors, depicts human sacrifice as practiced by ancient Mesoamericans, in which the living heart is removed from the sacrificial victim. The panel has an analog on the wall of the east wing. Aztec Warriors This and the four panels are on the north wall of the west wing. This one depicts Aztec warriors wearing eagle and jaguar costumes, coming of Quetzalcoatl Quetzalcoatl is presented as a benevolent god in human form. He is shown granting the benefits of education and culture on his people, the Pre-Columbian Golden Age The benefits of agriculture, arts, and science brought by Quetzalcoatl bring a golden age. A man works crops, another creates a stone stele, departure of Quetzalcoatl Adherents of the banished gods band together to drive Quetzalcoatl away. Sorcerers massed in front of a pyramidal temple oppose the departing god, the Prophecy This small panel, located above a door, depicts Spanish conquistadors on horseback wielding a giant Christian cross as a weapon. Totem Poles This pair of panels are applied to poles in the western half of the room. They are caricatures of totem poles found in the Pacific Northwest, Machine Totems These vertical panels depict modern industrial themes in a manner similar to a totem pole. They are applied to poles in the half of the room. Cortez and the Cross This panel and the four are located on the south wall of the eastern half of the room. Orozco depicts Hernán Cortés as a brutal anti-hero leading the 16th century Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire, Cortés stands surrounded by images of destruction, accompanied by a cross-bearing Franciscan monk
9.
National Historic Landmark
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A National Historic Landmark is a building, district, object, site, or structure that is officially recognized by the United States government for its outstanding historical significance. Of over 85,000 places listed on the countrys National Register of Historic Places, a National Historic Landmark District may include contributing properties that are buildings, structures, sites or objects, and it may include non-contributing properties. Contributing properties may or may not also be separately listed, prior to 1935, efforts to preserve cultural heritage of national importance were made by piecemeal efforts of the United States Congress. The first National Historic Site designation was made for the Salem Maritime National Historic Site on March 17,1938. In 1960, the National Park Service took on the administration of the data gathered under this legislation. Because listings often triggered local preservation laws, legislation in 1980 amended the procedures to require owner agreement to the designations. On October 9,1960,92 properties were announced as designated NHLs by Secretary of the Interior Fred A. Seaton, more than 2,500 NHLs have been designated. Most, but not all, are in the United States, there are NHLs in all 50 states and the District of Columbia. Three states account for nearly 25 percent of the nations NHLs, three cities within these states all separately have more NHLs than 40 of the 50 states. In fact, New York City alone has more NHLs than all but five states, Virginia, California, Pennsylvania, Massachusetts, there are 74 NHLs in the District of Columbia. Some NHLs are in U. S. commonwealths and territories, associated states, and foreign states. There are 15 in Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, and other U. S. commonwealths and territories,5 in U. S. -associated states such as Micronesia, over 100 ships or shipwrecks have been designated as NHLs. About half of the National Historic Landmarks are privately owned, the National Historic Landmarks Program relies on suggestions for new designations from the National Park Service, which also assists in maintaining the landmarks. A friends group of owners and managers, the National Historic Landmark Stewards Association, works to preserve, protect, if not already listed on the National Register of Historic Places, an NHL is automatically added to the Register upon designation. About three percent of Register listings are NHLs, american Water Landmark List of U. S
10.
Independence Hall
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Independence Hall is the building where both the United States Declaration of Independence and the United States Constitution were debated and adopted. It is now the centerpiece of the Independence National Historical Park in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, the building was completed in 1753 as the colonial legislature for the Province of Pennsylvania. It became the meeting place of the Second Continental Congress from 1775 to 1783 and was the site of the Constitutional Convention in the summer of 1787. The building is part of Independence National Historical Park and is listed as a World Heritage Site, by the spring of 1729 the citizens of Philadelphia were petitioning to be allowed to build a state house. Two thousand pounds were committed to the endeavor, by October 1730 they had begun purchasing lots on Chestnut Street. By 1732, even though Hamilton had acquired the deed for Lot no.2 from surveyor David Powell, dr. John Kearsley and Hamilton disagreed on a number of issues concerning the state house. Kearsley, who is credited with the designs of both Christ Church and St. Peters Church, had plans for the structure of the building, the two men also disagreed on the buildings site, Kearsley suggested High Street, now Market Street, and Hamilton favored Chestnut Street. Lawrence said nothing on the matter, matters reached a point where arbitration was needed. On August 8,1733, Hamilton brought the matter before the House of Representatives and he explained that Kearsley did not approve of Hamilton’s plans for the location and architecture of the state house and went on to insist the House had not agreed to these decisions. In response to this, Hamilton, on August 11, showed his plans for the house to the House. Ground was broken for construction soon after, Independence Hall is a red brick building designed in the Georgian style. It consists of a building with belltower and steeple, attached to two smaller wings via arcaded hyphens. The highest point to the tip of the spire is 168 ft. The State House was built between 1732 and 1751, designed by Edmund Woolley and Andrew Hamilton, and built by Woolley and its construction was commissioned by the Pennsylvania colonial legislature which paid for construction as funds were available, so it was finished piecemeal. It was initially inhabited by the government of Pennsylvania as its State House. In 1753 Thomas Stretch erected a giant clock at the buildings west end that resembled a tall clock, the 40-foot-tall limestone base was capped with a 14-foot wooden case surrounding the clocks face, which was carved by Samuel Harding. The giant clock was removed about 1830, the clock’s dials were mounted at the east and west ends of the main building connected by rods to the clock movement in the middle of the building. The acquisition of the clock and bell by the Pennsylvania Colonial Assembly is closely related to the acquisition of the Liberty Bell
11.
Philadelphia
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In 1682, William Penn, an English Quaker, founded the city to serve as capital of the Pennsylvania Colony. Philadelphia was one of the capitals in the Revolutionary War. In the 19th century, Philadelphia became an industrial center. It became a destination for African-Americans in the Great Migration. The areas many universities and colleges make Philadelphia a top international study destination, as the city has evolved into an educational, with a gross domestic product of $388 billion, Philadelphia ranks ninth among world cities and fourth in the nation. Philadelphia is the center of activity in Pennsylvania and is home to seven Fortune 1000 companies. The Philadelphia skyline is growing, with a market of almost 81,900 commercial properties in 2016 including several prominent skyscrapers. The city is known for its arts, culture, and rich history, Philadelphia has more outdoor sculptures and murals than any other American city. Fairmount Park, when combined with the adjacent Wissahickon Valley Park in the watershed, is one of the largest contiguous urban park areas in the United States. The 67 National Historic Landmarks in the city helped account for the $10 billion generated by tourism, Philadelphia is the only World Heritage City in the United States. Before Europeans arrived, the Philadelphia area was home to the Lenape Indians in the village of Shackamaxon, the Lenape are a Native American tribe and First Nations band government. They are also called Delaware Indians and their territory was along the Delaware River watershed, western Long Island. Most Lenape were pushed out of their Delaware homeland during the 18th century by expanding European colonies, Lenape communities were weakened by newly introduced diseases, mainly smallpox, and violent conflict with Europeans. Iroquois people occasionally fought the Lenape, surviving Lenape moved west into the upper Ohio River basin. The American Revolutionary War and United States independence pushed them further west, in the 1860s, the United States government sent most Lenape remaining in the eastern United States to the Indian Territory under the Indian removal policy. In the 21st century, most Lenape now reside in the US state of Oklahoma, with communities living also in Wisconsin, Ontario. The Dutch considered the entire Delaware River valley to be part of their New Netherland colony, in 1638, Swedish settlers led by renegade Dutch established the colony of New Sweden at Fort Christina and quickly spread out in the valley. In 1644, New Sweden supported the Susquehannocks in their defeat of the English colony of Maryland
12.
George Fisher Baker
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George Fisher Baker was a U. S. financier and philanthropist. In 1863, Baker, along with his mentor, John Thompson, Thompson, co-founded the First National Bank of the City of New York. The first national bank to be chartered in New York City under the National Currency Act of 1863, at age 37, Baker became First Nationals President on September 1,1877. His 20,000 shares were worth about $20 million and he would become chairman of the board in 1909. An avid investor, he held interests in many corporations and was the largest stockholder in the Central Railroad of New Jersey, in addition, he was a director in 22 corporations, which with their subsidiaries had aggregate resources of $7.27 billion. In the November 1994 issue of Worth magazine, James Grant, editor of a financial newsletter, Baker provided much of the initial funding for Harvard Business School with a 1924 grant of $5 million, for which Harvard gave him an honorary doctorate and named the library after him. He made other donations to charitable causes throughout New York City and funded the construction of Baker Field. He provided $2 million for Baker Memorial Library at Dartmouth College, Baker was born in Troy, New York, to Eveline Stevens Baker and George Ellis Baker, a shoe-store owner who was elected in 1850 on the Whig ticket to the New York State Assembly. At 14, young George entered S. S. Seward Institute in Florida, New York, where he studied geography, bookkeeping, history, at 16, he was hired as the junior clerk in the New York State Banking Department. He enlisted in the 18th Regiment of the Massachusetts Volunteers at the start of the Civil War and he was a member of the Jekyll Island Club on Jekyll Island, Georgia. In 1929, Baker commissioned the construction of a one-of-a-kind Pierce-Arrow town car for the wedding of his daughter, built by LeBaron, the cars roof line was 5 inches taller than standard models so Baker could keep his top hat on. Trim lining in the compartment is made of 24-carat gold, as are perfume dispensers. The car was rediscovered in 1978 in a barn in Ohio alongside a Rolls Royce Boat Tail Speedster formerly owned by Fred Astaire and it is now part of the White Glove Collection in La Crosse, Wisconsin. Works by or about George Fisher Baker at Internet Archive Baker family papers at Baker Library Historical Collections, bakers 1929 Pierce Arrow Top Hat LaBaron at White Glove Collection Banker Baker
13.
Robert Venturi
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Robert Charles Venturi, Jr. is an American architect, founding principal of the firm Venturi, Scott Brown and Associates, and one of the major architectural figures in the twentieth century. Together with his wife and partner, Denise Scott Brown, he helped to shape the way that architects, planners and students experience and think about architecture and their buildings, planning, theoretical writings, and teaching have also contributed to the expansion of discourse about architecture. Venturi was awarded the Pritzker Prize in Architecture in 1991, the prize was awarded to him alone, a group of women architects attempted to get her name added retroactively to the prize, but the Pritzker Prize jury declined to do so. Venturi is also known for coining the maxim Less is a bore, Venturi lives in Philadelphia with Denise Scott Brown. Venturi was born in Philadelphia to Robert Venturi, Sr. Venturi attended school at the Episcopal Academy in Merion, Pennsylvania. He graduated summa cum laude from Princeton University in 1947 where he was a member-elect of Phi Beta Kappa and he received his M. F. A. from Princeton in 1950. In 1951 he briefly worked under Eero Saarinen in Bloomfield Hills, Michigan and he was awarded the Rome Prize Fellowship at the American Academy in Rome in 1954, where he studied and toured Europe for two years. From 1954 to 1965, Venturi held teaching positions at the University of Pennsylvania, where he served as Kahns teaching assistant, an instructor and it was there, in 1960, that he met fellow faculty member, architect and planner Denise Scott Brown. Venturi taught later at the Yale School of Architecture and was a lecturer with Scott Brown in 2003 at Harvard Universitys Graduate School of Design. A controversial critic of the blithely functionalist and symbolically vacuous architecture of modernism during the 1950s. Derived from course lectures at the University of Pennsylvania, Venturi received a grant from the Graham Foundation in 1965 to aid in its completion, the book demonstrated, through countless examples, an approach to understanding architectural composition and complexity, and the resulting richness and interest. Drawing from both vernacular and high-style sources, Venturi introduced new lessons from the buildings of both familiar and then forgotten. The book has been translated and published in 18 languages, immediately hailed as a theorist and designer with radical ideas, Venturi went to teach a series of studios at the Yale School of Architecture in the mid-1960s. This second manifesto was an even more stinging rebuke to orthodox modernism, the book coined the terms Duck and Decorated Shed — descriptions of the two predominant ways of embodying iconography in buildings. The work of Venturi, Rauch and Scott Brown adopted the strategy, producing formally simple decorated sheds with rich, complex. Though he and his wife co-authored several additional books at the end of the century, venturis buildings typically juxtapose architectural systems, elements and aims, to acknowledge the conflicts often inherent in a project or site. Venturi created the firm Venturi and Short with William Short in 1960, after John Rauch replaced Short as partner in 1964, the firms name changed to Venturi and Rauch. Venturi married Denise Scott Brown on July 23,1967 in Santa Monica, California, in 1980, The firms name became Venturi, Rauch and Scott Brown, and after Rauchs resignation in 1989, Venturi, Scott Brown and Associates
14.
The Dartmouth Review
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The Dartmouth Review is an independent, bi-weekly newspaper at Dartmouth College in Hanover, New Hampshire. S. College newspapers that would come to include the Yale Free Press, The Stanford Review, the Harvard Salient, the California Review, the Princeton Tory, the paper has also had a profound impact on the national conservative movement as a whole. Past staffers have gone on to prominent positions in the Reagan and Bush Administrations, write for a number of leading publications. Author, columnist, and former Nixon and Reagan speechwriter, Jeffrey Hart, was instrumental in The Reviews founding and is a long-time board member. As of 2013, the paper has 10,000 off-campus subscribers, distributes a further 4,000 newspapers on campus, out of these conversations, the idea for a new publication was born. After then editor-in-chief Gregory Fossedal began writing in support of the Republican national platform, in response, Fossedal resolved to start an alternative weekly paper of his own. With the help of Professor Hart and other like-minded conservatives, this is what he ultimately did in May 1980, when Fossedal left The Daily Dartmouth, he took a number of the paper’s younger staffers with him. In the years followed, this group of writers would form the core of The Dartmouth Reviews early leadership. Among them were Benjamin Hart, Keeney Jones, Gordon Haff, peter Robinson, who had graduated the previous spring and was then studying at Oxford University, became an early correspondent and supporter of the paper’s efforts. In June 1980, The Dartmouth Review published its first issue, in the months that followed, the paper began printing on a weekly basis and released a revised statement of purpose from editor Dinesh D’Souza. It also gained notoriety within some circles for its vocal support of Dartmouth’s disused Indian mascot. The 1980s In the spring of 1982, The Review published a series of editorials that disparaged the administration’s affirmative action policies, among them was an article that used a combination of Ebonics and heavy satire to mock common excuses for the deficient classroom performance of many black students. Some student groups joined with concerned faculty members and administrators to condemn the editorial stances of the publication and denounce “its particular breed of journalism. ”During this period, the paper weathered many episodes of controversy and faced several lawsuits, threats. Despite this hostile reception, however, it continued to build a following among many students and alumni and gained a national reputation for its high-quality writing. In its first decade of activity, The Dartmouth Review published several notable articles, earlier that same year, the paper conducted an investigation into the Gay Students Association and its use of College funds. It attempted to reveal improprieties, but the administration did not withdraw its support of the GSA or reform its internal controls. At this time, the paper also leveraged its burgeoning reputation to conduct interviews with political and cultural leaders. Due in large part to these features and the success of its campus activism, The Review received early endorsements from the likes of Ronald Reagan, Jack Kemp, Bill Bennett, far from being damaged by the controversies The Dartmouth Review grew throughout its first decade of publication
15.
Geisel School of Medicine
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The Geisel School of Medicine is the medical school of Dartmouth College, located in Hanover, New Hampshire, in the United States. The fourth-oldest medical school in the United States, it was founded in 1797 by New England physician Nathan Smith and grew steadily over the course of the 19th century. Several milestones in medical care and research have taken place at Dartmouth, including the first clinical X-ray, the first intensive care unit in the United States, and the Brattleboro rat. Today, Dartmouths Geisel School of Medicine continues to grant the Doctor of Medicine and Doctor of Philosophy degrees, as well as a Master of Public Health, the school has a student body of about 700 students and more than 2,300 faculty members and researchers. Geisel organizes research through over a dozen research centers and institutes, the Geisel School of Medicine is one of seven Ivy League medical schools and is ranked as a top medical school by U. S. News & World Report for both primary care and biomedical research. The founder was Nathan Smith, a Harvard University and University of Edinburgh Medical School educated physician from Cornish, though Dartmouth College as a whole was financially strapped, the Board approved the request, and Smith began lecturing on November 22,1797. For much of its life, the school consisted only of Nathan Smith. Students of Smith were educated as apprentices, and received a Bachelor of Medicine degree upon graduation, like Dartmouth College as a whole, the medical school had continual funding shortages. As time passed, however, the popularity of both the instruction and the basic sciences taught at the school drew undergraduates and training physicians alike. Soliciting funds from the state of New Hampshire, Smith was able to obtain equipment and, by 1811. Smith acted as the administrator and instructor of the medical school until 1810. Smith also revamped the curriculum, allowing the school to begin offering the Doctor of Medicine degree in 1812, Smith ultimately left Dartmouth in 1816, founding three additional schools of medicine at Yale University, Bowdoin College, and the University of Vermont. Smiths departure provided for a period of expansion, both among the faculty and the student body, former students of Nathan Smiths replaced him on the faculty, drawing medical professionals in the northeast such as Oliver Wendell Holmes, Sr. to join them. The first hospital at the school was founded by DMS alumnus Dixi Crosby in 1838, in 1870, Carlton Pennington Frost, DMS57, replaced Crosby as Dean of the school. Under Frost, the curriculum sustained another revamping, this time into a program that included clinical. Frost also presided over the establishment of Mary Hitchcock Memorial Hospital in 1893, in 1908, The Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching conducted a survey of medical education institutions in the United States. At the time, the discipline emphasized bedside teaching and providing students experience with a variety of illnesses. The schools rural location was deemed too remote for proper training
16.
Thayer School of Engineering
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Thayer School of Engineering offers graduate and undergraduate education in engineering sciences at Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States. Over 500 students are enrolled at Thayer, overseen by a faculty of 56. In 2016 Thayer became the first US national research university with a class of engineering undergraduates that was over 50% female. Thayer School is named for Sylvanus Thayer, an alumnus of Dartmouth in the class of 1807, the school opened four years later, in 1871, with six students. The curriculum borrowed heavily from the model which Thayer himself had developed at West Point, under the administration of Frank Warren Garran, Thayer experienced extensive expansion and modernization. Thayers curriculum expanded to incorporate mechanical engineering and electrical engineering, as well as a dual business/engineering administration degree from the Tuck School of Business. Garran also oversaw the establishment of Cummings Hall, the Thayer Schools first dedicated physical plant, and the institution of the schools first major research program, which was in radiophysics. Dean William P. Kimball continued the growing emphasis on research. In 1961, Myron Tribus became dean of the School, placing an emphasis on the practical. Tribus developed a curriculum and introduced design courses to the school to provide Thayer students with real-life experience in creative applications of engineering. Under Tribus, the Thayer School offered its first doctorates in engineering, the MacLean Engineering Sciences Center, completed in 2006, was a $21 million project to expand the schools classrooms and research centers. The Thayer School is located on the campus of Dartmouth College, the campus of the Thayer School sits in a complex on the west side Dartmouths campus near the Connecticut River. When classes first began in 1871, Sylvanus Thayers endowment had not provided for a physical plant, in 1938, Dartmouth president Ernest Martin Hopkins successfully lobbied the Board of Trustees to construct an independent facility for the school. $200,000 were spent to build Horace Cummings Memorial Hall, in 2004, construction began on the MacLean Engineering Sciences Center, which was completed in 2006. At the cost of nearly $21 million, the new center adds both classroom and research space to the Thayer School, the Thayer School shares the Murdough Center with the adjacent Tuck School of Business. The Thayer School serves as both Dartmouth Colleges undergraduate department of engineering, as well as a school offering advanced degrees. Undergraduate majors can receive their Bachelor of Arts degree in engineering at the school, Thayer also offers a dual-degree program for undergraduates at other colleges who wish to earn their bachelors degree at their home institution and their B. E. at Thayer. As a College academic department, the schools undergraduate offerings are open to any Dartmouth student, Thayer offers several graduate degree programs, including a Master of Engineering in Biomedical Engineering, Master of Science, and Doctor of Philosophy in engineering
17.
Tuck School of Business
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The Amos Tuck School of Business Administration is the graduate business school of Dartmouth College in Hanover, New Hampshire, United States. Founded in 1900, Tuck is the oldest graduate school of business in the world and it is one of six Ivy League business schools. Turning to his roommate from his undergraduate years at Dartmouth, Tucker enlisted the support of Edward Tuck. Tuck donated $300,000 in the form of preferred shares in a Minnesota railroad company as the capital to found the school. It was named the Amos Tuck School of Administration and Finance, after Edward Tucks father, the new schools tuition fee cost $100 for the few students who enrolled in the first year, graduates of the two-year program received a Master of Commercial Science degree. The curriculum involved both traditional liberal arts fields as well as economic and finance education, undergraduate professors taught most of the first-year courses, while outside guest instructors and businesspeople educated students in their second years. In the late 1920s, Dartmouth president Ernest Martin Hopkins sought to unify the Tuck School by establishing a campus, uniting the schools academic. Edward Tuck, then a man living in France, donated an additional $570,000 for the effort. Using primarily his funds, four new buildings were constructed in 1929 on the west side of campus, in 1942, the schools name changed to the Amos Tuck School of Business Administration, and in 1953, the degree program changed to the modern Master of Business Administration. Until the late 1950s and early 1960s, the Tuck School catered primarily to Dartmouth students, under Dean Karl Hill, Tuck shifted its focus to soliciting a national student body. Under Deans Richard West and Colin Blaydon, the curriculum and faculty expanded extensively. The Tuck School is located on the campus of Dartmouth College, the campus of the Tuck School sits in a complex on the west side of Dartmouths campus, near the Connecticut River. Today, these structures serve as four of Tucks six academic. Currently, Tuck has five residential facilities, Buchanan Hall and Whittemore Hall Pineau-Valencienne Hall, Achtmeyer Hall and this state-of-the-art facility was constructed in 2008 for around $27.2 million. The Tuck School shares the Murdough Center with the adjacent Thayer School of Engineering, the Tuck campus is serviced by Byrne Hall, a dining facility operated by Dartmouth Dining Services. The Tuck School offers only a degree, the two-year. Students may specialize within the MBA in fields such as finance or marketing, first-year MBA students at Tuck undertake a 32-week core curriculum in general management and a specialized First Year Project. During their second year, students take 12 elective courses and design their own focused field of study, the school stresses a collaborative and teamwork-based approach to learning, which it touts as one of its assets for building the interpersonal skills required for business leadership
18.
Dartmouth Big Green
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The Dartmouth College Big Green are the varsity and club athletic teams of Dartmouth College, an American university located in Hanover, New Hampshire. Dartmouths teams compete in the Ivy League conference of the National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I, the College offers 34 varsity teams,17 club sports, and 24 intramural teams. Sports teams are heavily ingrained in the culture of the College and serve as a social outlet, the students adopted a shade of forest green as the schools official color in 1866. Beginning in the 1920s, the Dartmouth College athletic teams were known by their nickname the Indians. This unofficial mascot and team name was used until the early 1970s, in 1974, the Trustees declared the use of the symbol in any form to be inconsistent with present institutional and academic objectives of the College in advancing Native American education. The new nickname was inspired by The Dartmouth Green in the center of campus, the baseball team plays at Red Rolfe Field at Biondi Park, which, in 2009, underwent renovations that added an artificial turf surface. The team won Ivy League Championships in its first two seasons at the facility, Dartmouth competed in two NCAA Mens Division I Basketball Championship games but came up short both times. In 1942, Dartmouth was runner-up to Stanford University and lost to the University of Utah in 1944, students first began rowing at Dartmouth in 1833 and it has since grown to be the most popular sport at Dartmouth, with over 200 participating. Dartmouths first professional coach was the legendary professional oarsman, John Biglin, today, the Dartmouth Rowing Club consists of three varsity programs, Mens Heavyweight, Mens Lightweight, and Womens Open-weight. The mens teams compete in the Eastern Association of Rowing Colleges while the team competes in the Eastern Association of Womens Rowing Colleges. All teams train out of the Friends of Dartmouth Rowing Boathouse, the river provides more than 40 miles of flat rowable water, with virtually no powerboat or other traffic, but teams must deal with the rivers late winter thaw. Other facilities include two smaller boathouses, rowing tanks, the varsity weight room, and two erg-rooms, Dartmouths relatively small programs have done well at the Championship level, and produced an outsized number of Olympians and National Team Members. Teams train for and race in long distance races in the fall. Because of the river, winter training consists of intense indoor training as well as cross country skiing which is generally regarded as a blessing in disguise. The spring season consists of shorter 2000m sprint races against traditional IVY, the season for both mens heavyweight and lightweight programs culminate in the Eastern Sprints and IRA regattas. The womens team competes in the Ivy League to qualify for the national championship. The Dartmouth Cycling Team was founded in 1961 and has one of the most successful club sports at the College. The team races in Division II and has won three titles, most recently in 2004
19.
Ivy League
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The Ivy League is a collegiate athletic conference comprising sports teams from eight private institutions of higher education in the Northeastern United States. The conference name is commonly used to refer to those eight schools as a group beyond the sports context. The eight institutions are Brown University, Columbia University, Cornell University, Dartmouth College, Harvard University, the University of Pennsylvania, Princeton University, the term Ivy League has connotations of academic excellence, selectivity in admissions, and social elitism. While the term was in use as early as 1933, it became official after the formation of the NCAA Division I athletic conference in 1954. Seven of the eight schools were founded during the United States colonial period, Ivy League institutions account for seven of the nine Colonial Colleges chartered before the American Revolution, the other two are Rutgers University and College of William & Mary. Ivy League schools are generally viewed as some of the most prestigious, all eight universities place in the top fifteen of the U. S. News & World Report 2017 nation university rankings, including the top four schools and five of the top eight. Undergraduate enrollments range from about 4,000 to 14,000, making them larger than those of a private liberal arts college. Total enrollments, including students, range from approximately 6,400 at Dartmouth to over 20,000 at Columbia, Cornell, Harvard. Ivy League financial endowments range from Browns $3 billion to Harvards $36.4 billion, as of 2014, Harvard University has an endowment of $36.4 billion. Additionally, each university receives millions of dollars in grants and other subsidies from federal. Harvard University uses the date that the legislature of the Massachusetts Bay Colony formally allocated funds for the creation of a college, Harvard was chartered in 1650, although classes had been conducted for approximately a decade by then. The University of Pennsylvania initially considered its founding date to be 1750, later in Penns early history, the university changed its officially recognized founding date to 1749, which was used for all of the nineteenth century, including a centennial celebration in 1849. In 1899, Penns board of trustees adopted a third founding date of 1740. Penn was chartered in 1755, the same year classes began. Religious affiliation refers to financial sponsorship, formal association with, and promotion by, all of the schools in the Ivy League are private and not currently associated with any religion. Students have long revered the ivied walls of older colleges, planting the ivy was a customary class day ceremony at many colleges in the 1800s. In 1893 an alumnus told The Harvard Crimson, In 1850, the custom of planting the ivy, while the ivy oration was delivered, arose about this time. At Penn, graduating seniors started the custom of planting ivy at a university building each spring in 1873, Ivy planting ceremonies are reported for Yale, Simmons, Bryn Mawr and many others
20.
Dartmouth Big Green football
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The Dartmouth Big Green football team represents Dartmouth College in NCAA Division I Football Championship Subdivision college football competition as a member of the Ivy League. The sport of football, in its form, was played on the campus as early as 1876. Goalposts were erected on the green where they stood for several months, the first intercollegiate game occurred on November 16,1881, when Amherst traveled to Dartmouth. The Green won with a score of one goal to none, on November 21, the teams met in Amherst, Massachusetts for a rematch on Thanksgiving Day, and the scoreless game ended prematurely in a tie because of snow. In the following years, Dartmouth played games against some of the best teams in the nation, in 1882, Dartmouth played Harvard for the first time and lost, 53–0. In 1884, Yale visited Dartmouth and routed the Green, 113–0, the Elis teams did not return to Hanover until 1971. From 1887 to 1898, Dartmouth competed against schools such as MIT, Amherst, during that period, the Big Green secured eight conference championships, all of them outright except one shared with MIT in 1888. From 1901 to 1909, Dartmouth compiled a 58–9–7 record under several different head coaches, in 1901, Dartmouth played their first game against their intrastate rivals, UNH. In 1903, Dartmouth traveled to Harvard for the game of their opponents stadium. The Green, who had lost the first 18 meetings by a margin of 552 points to 18, upset the Crimson. From 1911 to 1916, Frank the Iron Major Cavanaugh, led the Green to a 42–9–3 record and he volunteered for World War I at the age of 41, and was replaced as coach by one of his former players, Clarence Spears. Spears attained a 21–9–1 record with the Green, and went on to success at West Virginia and Minnesota. Before the 1922 game against Harvard, the media referring to Dartmouth as the Indians. In 1923, Jesse Hawley took over as head coach, in 1925, the Green finished 8–0, and two of that teams players, Swede Oberlander and Myles Lane, were later inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame. One, Nathan Parker, became a Rhodes Scholar, the Indians were named 1925 national champions by Parke H. Davis and the Dickinson system. Earl Red Blaik became head coach in 1934 and posted a 45–15–4 mark in his seven seasons, in 1935, he led them to their first victory over Yale, 14–6. Between 1936 and 1938, the Green compiled a 22-game unbeaten streak, against Cornell, in 1940, they played the infamous Fifth Down Game. In 1941, Blaik left to coach the Army team at West Point, the 1970 Dartmouth football team was undefeated and won the Lambert Trophy, symbolizing the best Division 1 football team in the Northeast
21.
Dartmouth Big Green men's basketball
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The Dartmouth Big Green mens basketball team is the basketball team that represents Dartmouth College in Hanover, New Hampshire, United States. The schools team competes in the Ivy League. The Big Green have appeared in the NCAA Tournament seven times with two championship game appearances. The Big Green have not had a record since going 14-12 in the 1998-99 season. The Big Green have appeared in the CollegeInsider. com Postseason Tournament one time
22.
Dartmouth Big Green women's basketball
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The Dartmouth Big Green womens basketball team is the intercollegiate womens basketball program representing Dartmouth College. The school competes in the Ivy League in Division I of the National Collegiate Athletic Association, the Big Green play home basketball games at the Leede Arena near the campus. As of the 2015-16 season, the Big Green have a 571-506 record and they have won the Ivy League 17 times. The Big Green have reached the NCAA Tournament seven times, though they have lost each time, in seven NCAA Tournament appearances, the Big Green are 0-7. The Big Green are 0-2 in WNIT appearances
23.
Dartmouth Big Green men's lacrosse
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The Dartmouth Big Green mens lacrosse team represents Dartmouth College in National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I mens lacrosse. Dartmouth competes as a member of the Ivy League and plays its games at Scully-Fahey Field in Hanover. Dartmouth College fielded its first lacrosse team in 1926, archival images highlight early Dartmouth lacrosse practices. Head Coach Tom Dent led the team for its first 35 seasons until his retirement in 1960, Tom was one of the beloved figures of Dartmouth coaching. He had played soccer with the Aston Villa team, and was originally recruited to teach French at Dartmouth. He became soccer coach in 1924, but also took on the task of coaching Dartmouth lacrosse in 1926 although he had no experience in the latter sport, through the 1940s the Indians were considered a lacrosse power as they rolled up nine New England championships in 11 years. Dents overall lacrosse record for 35 years is 192 wins,126 losses, a successful coach in terms of winning, Coach Dent was also concerned with the characters of his charges. The Big Green secured the Ivy League championship in 1964,1965 and this was determined by the Ivy League teams regular season conference records until the inception of a tournament in 2010. As of 2010, seventy Dartmouth players had been named USILA All-Americans, in 1999, Dartmouth Mens Lacrosse named Rick Sowell as its head coach, the first African-American Head Coach in Division 1 lacrosse. He would lead the Big Green for the next 5 seasons and he announced his departure to St. Johns University at the conclusion of the 2003 season. In 2003, Dartmouths Mens Lacrosse team posted one of the most famous upsets in history when unranked Dartmouth played #2 Princeton at Princetons Class of 1952 Field on April 26,2003. Dartmouth, having finished last in the Ivy League in 2002, were ten goal underdogs against Princeton, nevertheless, Dartmouth prevailed and stunned the Tigers 13-6. That was the first time Dartmouth had beaten Princeton lacrosse since 1956, Dartmouth went on to win the Ivy League title and qualify for the NCAA tournament. Dartmouth made its first appearance in the NCAA tournament in 2003 and that game was highlighted by the end-to-end goal scored by Dartmouth goalie, Andrew Goldstein. Towers had been an assistant Dartmouth coach for the preceding 5 seasons, in 2013, Dartmouth Mens lacrosse posted another stunning upset against then #9 Princeton, beating them 10-9 at Scully-Fahey field on March 13,2013. As reported in College Crosse, Entering that game, the Big Green were just 2-8, the winning goal was scored by Freshman, Cam Lee. Laxpower ranked the Dartmouth win over Princeton as the 4th biggest upset of the 2013 season, in August 2014, Brendan Callahan became the new head coach at Dartmouth, replacing former head coach Andy Towers. The 2015 Dartmouth lacrosse season, coach Brendan Callahans first, saw the Big Green post a 5-8 record, the season was highlighted by the exciting double overtime victory over Ivy League rival Harvard, 12-11, on March 21,2015
24.
Dartmouth Big Green men's ice hockey
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The Dartmouth Big Green mens ice hockey team is a National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I college ice hockey program that represents Dartmouth College. The Big Green are a member of ECAC Hockey and they play at the Thompson Arena in Hanover, New Hampshire. The team won the ECAC regular season crown in 2006 and the Ivy League title 15 times, the team finished as the runners-up in the NCAA Mens Ice Hockey Championship game in both 1948 and 1949. During this time, the club was referred to as the Dartmouth Indians
25.
Dartmouth Big Green women's ice hockey
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The Dartmouth Big Green womens ice hockey program represents Dartmouth College. In 2001, Dartmouth participated in the inaugural NCAA Championship tournament, since then, they have appeared in the Frozen Four, the semifinals of the NCAA hockey tournament, three times. Dartmouth College would welcome women’s ice hockey on January 7,1978, the Big Green would defeat Middlebury by a 6–5 score. The Big Green would finish their season with 7 wins,7 losses. Against Ivy League teams, the Big Green were 1–3–1, Big Green player Judy Parish Oberting was named to the first U. S. National Team that competed at the 1990 IIHF Womens World Championship. Oberting, would be named to the Ivy Leagues Silver Anniversary Team in 1999, in addition, she would coach the Dartmouths womens hockey team from 1998–2003. In 1998, Sarah Hood was one of two Ivy League players named first team All-Americans and this was the first time that Ivy League womens hockey players were bestowed such an honor
26.
Alumni Gymnasium (Dartmouth College)
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After its completion in 1910, it was considered to be one of the most complete athletic facilities in the Eastern United States. Alumni Gymnasium was designed by Charles Rich and Fredrick Mathesius, construction began in 1909 under College President Ernest Fox Nichols. During World War I, the gymnasium was converted into barracks, in 1962-1963 the gym was extensively remodeled to include a new basketball court and added to the Dartmouth College aquatic facilities with the addition of the Karl B. In 1972, the year the college went coed, a womens locker room was added to the southeast corner. Alumni Gymnasium completed a $12 million renovation in the spring of 2006
27.
Hanover Country Club
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Hanover Country Club is a college-owned, semi-private golf course open to the public. It is located on the campus of Dartmouth College in Hanover, New Hampshire, known to many members in the Upper Valley simply as Hanover, Hanover Country Club was a classic New England 18-hole course that underwent significant renovations in 2001. The course was lengthened to 6,500 yards, four new holes were added, renovations were made by golf architect Ron Prichard with distinctive Donald Ross-style features, however, the results of the design have been controversial among its members. The 1929 ski jump in the Vale of Tempe that became the symbol of the course was demolished in 1993, the grounds also include Freshmen Hill, a popular sledding hill for both locals and students of Dartmouth College. Hanover Country Club is the course for both the men’s and women’s golf teams of Dartmouth College. It is also the home of the Hanover High School state champion team, the club has been host to a number of outstanding professionals, including Richard Parker, now also the mens coach at Dartmouth College. The practice area is open to all members, wait-list golfers, students of Dartmouth College, the four practice holes are remnants of a nine-hole course designed and constructed in 1932 by Ralph Barton, a Dartmouth graduate. The historic clubhouse at Hanover Country Club reflects a unique New England tradition, known for its charm and rural feel, it sells a selection of golf equipment and features a recently renovated restaurant. The restaurants name of Colonel Bogeys refers to the Colonel Bogey March, art professor Homer Eaton Keyes designed the shingled Arts & Crafts-style clubhouse around 1915 as a remodeling of the clubs earlier Golf Barn. The Country Club expects to build a new and less isolated clubhouse closer to Lyme Road in the future, the club was founded during the 1890s and laid out the first nine holes of the current course, known as Hilton Field, in 1899. Dartmouth acquired the course and added second nine holes during 1920, remarkable in an age of frequent turnover in the golf industry, Hanover Country Club has had only four head professionals in its history. Until recently, the head professional has also assumed the role of serving as the mens coach for the Dartmouth golf team. Tommy Keane and Bill Johnson were the first two head pros, followed by Jason Calhoun, who resigned in 2005 and it is now headed by Alex Kirk, who is also the Womens Head Golf Coach. Hanover Country Club official page Review from golfable. com
28.
Memorial Field (Dartmouth)
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Memorial Field is a football stadium located in Hanover, New Hampshire, USA. It is the home of Dartmouth Big Green football and outdoor track teams, the athletic teams at Dartmouth College compete in the Ivy League. In 1893, Dartmouth alumni built a field called Alumni Oval in the southeastern part of the campus. The fields original grandstand, which backed up on Crosby Street. In 1923, the College built Memorial Field, with a concrete stand. The stadium opened as a memorial to the students and alumni who had served and died in World War I, permanent stands on the east side of the field were built later, and end zone bleachers have also been used. With some of the made up by stands placed behind the end zones. Despite the loss of seats, it is still the largest athletic field of any sort in northern New England, ahead of the University of Vermonts 10, 000-seat soccer stadium. The stadium is the end-point of a popular Shriners parade every summer, Dartmouth College Athletic Facilities, Memorial Field Summary at Ivy League official site
29.
Red Rolfe Field at Biondi Park
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Red Rolfe Field at Biondi Park is a baseball venue in Hanover, New Hampshire, United States. It is home to the Dartmouth Big Green baseball team of the NCAA Division I Ivy League, the field has a capacity of 2,000 spectators. The field portion of the facility is named for Red Rolfe, Dartmouth Class of 1931, former New York Yankees player and Dartmouth athletic director from 1954-1967. In 2008, a $5.2 million donation of two Dartmouth alumni, Michael J. and Cynthia Ginn Biondi, allowed for renovations of the facility. The playing surface was changed from grass to FieldTurf and shifted slightly toward left field. The installation of turf allowed for increased use of the field during late fall,650 permanent seats, with space for more than 1,000 additional seats, were added. Other new features included a new scoreboard, press box, dugouts, bullpens, following the renovations, the park portion of the facility was dedicated Biondi Park in honor of the two donors. In 2012, college baseball writer Eric Sorenson ranked the park as the third best small venue in Division I baseball, the facility has hosted four Ivy League Championship Series. Dartmouth lost the first three series it hosted, but won the 2009 series, two games to one over Cornell, to advance to the 2009 NCAA tournament, list of NCAA Division I baseball venues
30.
Dartmouth Skiway
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The Dartmouth Skiway is a ski area located about twenty minutes north of Dartmouth College in Lyme, New Hampshire. It has thirty trails from easiest to most difficult on over 100 acres of skiable area, the Dartmouth Skiway has a summit elevation of 1,943 feet and a base elevation of 975 feet, giving it a vertical drop of 968 feet. Its longest trail is 1.25 miles, there are three lifts which serve the trails at the skiway, including the Winslow Mountain Quad, the Holts Ledge Double, and the J-Bar Beginner Lift. These lifts give the ski area an uphill capacity of 3,300 skiers per hour, snowmaking covers about seventy percent of the area with over fifteen snowguns. There is a park located on the Winslow side. The Dartmouth Skiway Ski and Snowboard School has a staff of over 35 instructors, descended from earlier, smaller operation on nearby Oak Hill in Hanover, the Dartmouth Skiway opened in 1957 with a Pomalift on one peak. For the 1960-61 season a T-bar was also erected for a novice slope, in 1968 a new trail pod was opened with a double chairlift, located across the street on Winslow Ledge. In the 1970s and 1980s, many improvements were made to the area, including replacing the Pomalift with a Hall double chairlift, in the next ten years a CTEC quad chairlift was installed and the new McLane Family Lodge was constructed, replacing the previous one. Like many other New England ski resorts, Dartmouth Skiway hosts events, Dartmouth Skiway Dartmouth Skiway on NewEnglandSkiHistory. com
31.
Old division football
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Old division football was a mob football game played from the 1820s to around 1890 by students at Dartmouth College in Hanover, New Hampshire, USA. Dartmouth students published the rules of what is now called Old Division Football in 1871, every year a special match sometimes called the Usual Game of Foot Ball occurred early in the fall in which the sophomores took on the freshmen. The game was more about bragging rights, and by the nineteenth century involved little more than a mob fight over possession of the round ball. The event became known as the Usual Football Rush and then simply the Football Rush, five umpires, one from each class in the Academical, and one from the Scientific Department, shall be elected annually by the college. The senior umpire present shall settle all disputes which arise concerning the game, the ball shall be warned from the second base of the college grounds and towards the buildings. No warn shall be valid both parties are ready. Until the ball is kicked the warning party shall stand behind the ball and their opponents in front and these positions, and the warn as well, shall be changed each game. No player shall kick, trip, strike, or hold another for any cause during the game, the game shall be won when the ball is kicked past the east or west fence. Football Rules, Editorial Department, The Dartmouth 5, No, Football Rules, Editorial Department, The Dartmouth 8, No. 7,264, reprinted in Aegis 1926,486. )Old Division Football, the Indigenous Mob Soccer of Dartmouth College Good Morning Class, from NCAA FB FANS blog History of Football by HistoryofSports. net
32.
Campus of Dartmouth College
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Dartmouth College is located in the rural town of Hanover in the Upper Valley of the Connecticut River in the New England state of New Hampshire. Dartmouths campus buildings vary in age from several early 19th century buildings to a number of ongoing construction projects, most of Dartmouths buildings are designed in the Georgian style, a theme which has been preserved in recent architectural additions. Dartmouth houses approximately 3,300 students in its facilities, or about 85% of the student body, the Housing Office consists of three employees that house students four times a year, due to the colleges enrollment plan. Every cluster or group of clusters is administered by a live-in Community Director, some affinity programs are housed in sections or on floors of larger dormitories, those listed below are only the programs in their own free-standing structures. The modernist Choate Cluster is a residence cluster principally consisting of Bissell, Brown, Cohen and Little. The cluster includes four dormitories and two lounges, each pair of T-shaped dorms is attached to a single lounge via glass-enclosed above-ground walkways that are referred to as hamster tunnels. The dorms include one-room doubles and one-room singles, each dorm is three floors high and connected to the lounge on the second floor. The cluster was constructed on land acquired from Cardigan Mountain School and was the first major project of John Sloan Dickeys presidency. The cluster cost $1.5 million to build, and was funded by the U. S. The nearby North Hall is administratively part of the cluster, but was not constructed at the same time, the East Wheelock Cluster stands at the end of East Wheelock Street and consists of five buildings. Initially known as the new dorms, the construction of the post-modern Andres, Morton and Zimmerman was inspired by the Houses at Harvard University, sponsored by the class of 1943, the first three halls of the cluster were constructed in 1987, with McCulloch being added in 2000. East Wheelock is reputed to be a quieter and more intellectual housing cluster, the Ledyard Apartments stand nearby and house upperclass students. The Fayers, built on the hill behind Dartmouth Hall, are named for the New York merchant Daniel B, the cluster is sponsored by the class of 1961. The Gold Coast cluster, located along Tuck Drive, comprises three dormitories and it was so named because during the Great Depression, it was the most expensive cluster to occupy. The Mass Row cluster is popular for its convenient location to Thayer Dining Hall, the McLaughlin Cluster, named for former Dartmouth president David T. McLaughlin 54, Tu 55, consists of six buildings and houses 342 students. It cost more than $41 million to build, located in Goldstein Hall is Occom Commons, a community space described as state-of-the-art. The cluster earned silver certification from the U. S. Green Building Council LEED program for its environmentally friendly design and this cluster, known as RipWoodSmith, cost $260,000 to build in 1930. Its buildings are named for three of the earliest tutors at the College, Sylvanus Ripley, Bezaleel Woodward, and John Smith, women were not permitted to live in Ripley or Smith until 1989, although Woodward served as one of two exclusively womens dorms until the same year
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The Green (Dartmouth College)
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The Green is a grass-covered field and common space at the center of Dartmouth College, an Ivy League university located in Hanover, New Hampshire, United States. It was among the first parcels of land obtained by the College upon its founding in 1769, after being cleared of pine trees, it initially served as a pasture and later as an athletic field for College sporting events. Today, it is a location for rallies, celebrations, and demonstrations. The College describes the Green as historic and as the center of the institution. The Green is a plot located in the center of downtown Hanover. It is crossed by seven gravel walking paths, the locations of which varied until about 1931, three of them bisect the Green, running southwest to northeast, northwest to southeast, and east to west. Two paths run from the northwest and southwest corners respectively to the middle of the Greens eastern edge, a final path runs north-south along the eastern side. The Green also has paved sidewalks along its southern and western edges, the Green is not perfectly rectangular, as its southern border along Wheelock Street runs slightly to the northeast rather than due east-west. This irregularity is due to the Town of Hanovers 1873 seizure of part of the southeast corner of the Green, the Green had previously extended 30 feet farther south on that corner. The outside edges of the Green are bordered by benches and trees, the plot is bounded by four streets, Wheelock Street to the south, College Street to the east, Wentworth Street to the north, and Main Street to the west. All but Wheelock Street are one-way roads, with traffic circulating counter-clockwise around the Green, many of Dartmouths important campus buildings are located around the Green. To the north lies Baker Memorial Library, Dartmouths principal library, Webster Hall, containing Rauner Special Collections Library, on the west side sits the administration building, Parkhurst Hall, the admissions building, McNutt Hall, and two student buildings, Robinson Hall and the Collis Center. To the south sits the Hanover Inn, a College-owned hotel, to the east lies the historic Dartmouth Row buildings, composed Wentworth Hall, Dartmouth Hall, Thornton Hall, and Reed Hall, as well as Rollins Chapel. The land on which the Green sits was originally a pine forest, with trees reaching the height of 270 feet. The process of clearing the pines was begun in 1770 by the newly founded Dartmouth College, the village plan of Hanover was laid out the following year and included as its central feature an open square of 7.5 acres. Even though the land had been cleared, many tree stumps remained until 1831, for a long period, the Green was not maintained at first, after being cleared, it was unkempt and ragged, sloping sharply towards a swamp in the southwest corner. As early as 1807, the College was debating as to the future of the plot, in 1828, the Board of Trustees finally voted to plow, seed, level, and fence the area. Lack of funding would delay this plan from being carried out immediately, the main road from Hanover to the northward Lyme, New Hampshire had previously led diagonally across the Green, and due to the new fences, had to be diverted around it
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Hood Museum of Art
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The Hood Museum of Art is a museum in Hanover, New Hampshire, United States. Dating back to 1772, the museum is owned and operated by Dartmouth College, the current building, designed by Charles Willard Moore and Chad Floyd, opened in the fall of 1985. It houses both permanent collections and visiting exhibitions, among the collections greatest treasures are Assyrian reliefs and the fresco mural cycle The Epic of American Civilization, by José Clemente Orozco. The museum has paintings by Perugino and his workshop, Luca Giordano, Claude Lorrain, Nicolas Rene Jollain, Pompeo Batoni, Élisabeth Vigée Le Brun, later European painters represented include Alfred Sisley, Édouard Vuillard, and Picasso. Americans with paintings here include Joseph Blackburn, Gignoux, Rockwell Kent, John French Sloan, the director of the museum is John Stomberg. The museum building will be closed from March 14,2016, through 2018, during this time the museums exhibitions continue at the temporary Hood Downtown exhibition space
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Hopkins Center for the Arts
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Hopkins Center for the Arts at Dartmouth College is located at 2 East Wheelock Street in Hanover, New Hampshire. The center, which was designed by Wallace K. Harrison and it is home to the drama and music departments. In addition to these fields, the Hopkins Center, or the Hop as it is called by students, has a woodshop and jewelry studio which are open for use by students and the public. Within the Hopkins Center are Faulkner Recital Hall, Spaulding Auditorium, Warner Bentley Theater, the Moore Theater and these are used for student performances, concerts and plays by visiting artists, and alumni and faculty meetings. Students receive a ticket price for performances. However, all events are open to the public, tickets can be purchased at the Hops box office. The center makes available several classes each term for the enrichment of students, for example, the dance department usually offers classes in different styles of dance, from ballet to hip hop. The Hop is also home to the Colleges Hinman Mail Center, each undergraduate student receives his or her own mailbox, known as a Hinman Box or HB, at the beginning of freshman year. Packages may be sent to the center as well. Among the many artists and groups featured in the 2014 season were renowned musician Reggie Watts, on special occasions, events are held at the Top of the Hop, an area on the second floor of the center. The colleges president often holds catered events here to various visitors, donors, exhibits. Various calamities intervened—the Depression, the Second World War, Korea, an early architects rendering revealed a building of Georgian-style brick, matching much of the rest of the Dartmouth campus. But with the engagement of architect Wallace K. Harrison, a favorite of Dartmouth graduate, the arts were not new to Dartmouth at the time. So, integral to its concept was the use of internal glass, large windows looked into the theaters and design shops, practice rooms, art studios, and galleries — many of which proved impractical given the activity occurring within. The Hop earned a reputation as a friendly to contemporary music that persisted for nearly two decades. In the 1970s it also initiated and hosted Celebration Northeast, an indoor / outdoor festival that was one of the first to celebrate indigenous, the Hopkins Center is connected to the Hood Museum of Art, North Americas oldest museum in continuous operation. This is Dartmouths own museum, which houses permanent collections and visiting exhibitions. After a walk through the museum, one can visit the Hoods museum store which is located next to the Courtyard Café, beneath the museum is the Hood Auditorium which regularly has movie showings
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Dartmouth College Greek organizations
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Dartmouth College is host to many Greek organizations, and a significant percentage of the undergraduate student body is active in Greek life. Greek organizations at Dartmouth provide both social and residential opportunities for students, and are the only single-sex residential option on campus, Greek organizations at Dartmouth do not provide dining options, as regular meals service has been banned in Greek houses since 1909. Social fraternities at Dartmouth College grew out of a tradition of student literary societies that began in the late eighteenth, the first social fraternities were founded in 1842 and rapidly expanded to include the active participation of over half of the student body. Fraternities at Dartmouth built dedicated residence and meeting halls in the early 1900s and in the 1920s, sororities were introduced to campus in 1977. In the early 2000s, campus-wide debate focused on whether or not the Greek system at Dartmouth would become substantially coeducational, currently, Dartmouth College extends official recognition to sixteen all-male fraternities, nine all-female sororities, and three coeducational fraternities. The Greek houses are governed through three independent councils, the Interfraternity Council, the Panhellenic Council, and the Coed Council. A chapter of the Phi Beta Kappa honor society is active, Social fraternities at Dartmouth College grew out of a tradition of student literary societies that began in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. The first such society at Dartmouth, the Social Friends, was formed in 1783, a rival organization, called the United Fraternity, was founded in 1786. A chapter of Phi Beta Kappa was established at Dartmouth in 1787 and these organizations were, in large part, the only social life available to students at the college. The organizations hosted debates on a variety of topics not encountered in the curriculum of the day, both the Social Friends and the United Fraternity created libraries in Dartmouth Hall, and met in a room called Society Hall inside Dartmouth Hall. In 1825, the college began simply assigning new students to one society or the other, Interest in the literary societies declined in the 1830s and 1840s. The College library and instructional curriculum had expanded to much of what the literary societies had supported. In 1841, two factions of the United Fraternity split off from the literary society, one of the new societies called itself Omega Phi and on May 10,1842, obtained a charter as the Zeta chapter of Psi Upsilon. The other faction to split from the United Fraternity organized itself on July 13,1842, as Kappa Kappa Kappa, more Greek organizations were founded, and by 1855, 64% of students, mostly upperclassmen, were members of the Greek letter societies on campus. Initially, the original Greek letter societies would not extend invitations of membership to first year students, two separate Greek letter organizations were created exclusively for freshmen, Kappa Sigma Epsilon and Delta Kappa. These societies would dissolve in 1883, when the fraternities of the upper classes began to pledge freshmen, a chapter of Phi Beta Kappa survived at Dartmouth, but by the 1830s had established its role as a strictly literary society by dropping requirements of secrecy for membership and activities. The new, social Greek organizations distinguished themselves from Phi Beta Kappa, the new fraternities were self-selective and exclusive. Each organization developed its own rituals and procedures
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Alpha Theta
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Alpha Theta is a gender-inclusive Greek house at Dartmouth College. Alpha Theta is a 501 non-profit and the house and property are owned by the Alpha Theta House Corporation. John Sloan Dickey, later president of the college, joined the fraternity in 1928 and was elected house president only two later, while still a pledge. The bodies were not discovered until the afternoon of Sunday, February 25,1934, little, a janitor, entered the chapter house and found the students dead in their beds. A pet collie dog was found dead in one of the bedrooms. News of the deaths was widely reported in papers and magazines. This is still the most fatal accident ever to occur at Dartmouth College, at the time the chapter had 35–40 members, and seventeen of them lived in the chapter house. Eight residents escaped death because they had left campus for the weekend, the surviving members met at the Hanover Inn shortly after the disaster. John Trickey Jr. ’33 T’34, past president of the chapter, the surviving members moved back into the house after the furnace that caused the accident was replaced. But membership did suffer after 1934, and eventually the house was razed in 1940 and a new building. Alpha Theta was one of the first collegiate fraternities in the United States to break from its national organization over civil rights issues, and the first at the Greek-dominated Dartmouth College. In 1951, while Dickey served as president of the college, the Theta Chi national organizations constitution contained a clause limiting membership in fraternity to Caucasians only. On April 24,1952, the members of the Dartmouth chapter voted unanimously to stop recognizing the racial clause in Theta Chis constitution, the house reincorporated as a local fraternity and adopted the name Alpha Theta. Alpha Theta was one of the first all-male fraternities to admit female members, in 1972, Dartmouth admitted the first class of female students and officially became a coeducational institution. Alpha Theta also voted to become coeducational, after a few years, most of the women in the fraternity had become inactive and the house voted to become male-only again on November 10,1976. The house returned to a coeducational membership policy in 1980, in February 2011 the Alpha Theta House Corporation filed suit against a former treasurer, Bruce McAllister, alleging that he stole hundreds of thousands of dollars from the fraternity. McAllister was also sued by The Meccawe Club, a fishing club in Vermont. In November 2011 McAllister, a financial auditor at Dartmouth College, was indicted for wire fraud following an investigation by the United States Secret Service
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Alpha Chi Alpha
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Alpha Chi Alpha is a fraternity at the American Ivy League university of Dartmouth College. Alpha Chi Alpha is referred to among Dartmouth students as simply Alpha Chi, the house, which is located at 13 Webster Avenue on the Dartmouth College campus, is a college-owned fraternity, meaning that the brothers do not own the land or house. This also means that Dartmouth College paid for $1, the house is nicknamed the Magic Green Cottage and the Cheese Lodge by its members and has the unique location on fraternity row directly across from the Presidents house. The green-shingled structure includes a volleyball court adjacent to the house. Its perennial pledges are easily recognized by their sirens, which they wear for the duration of their pledge term, the house was begun in March 1917, when twelve Dartmouth men founded the Epsilon Kappa Alpha fraternity. In 1919, this became the Phi Nu chapter of the national fraternity. The house was located in the back of the present White Church, Alpha Chi Rho flourished at Dartmouth for about ten years. In the early 1930s, however, the number of brothers declined drastically due to a number of new fraternities on campus and this house is still active today. On March 9,1957, twenty-four undergraduates bonded together and broke away from Gamma Delta Chi and they reactivated the Phi Nu chapter of Alpha Chi Rho. The brotherhood moved to the present house on Webster Avenue, bought, in this way, the fraternity was established. Tim Ryerson 59 was the first President of the reactivated chapter, early in the spring of 1963, a committee met and recommended a break from the national. On May 21,1963, the chapter voted to discontinue their ties with the national affiliation and it was determined that the brotherhood had no meaningful ties with the national. The national chapter required brothers to accept Jesus as their lord and savior, the ritual was meaningless to the brothers because of their general dislike for the national, and because they found such a requirement to be ridiculous. An overburdening financial obligation to the national may have been an additional consideration, the brotherhood voted to name the disaffiliated fraternity Alpha Chi Alpha and it has been in continual operation ever since. The building was built in 1898, professor Fred Emery purchased the vacant lot on May 5,1896. Later owners sold the house to the college in March 1957, the College, as the fraternitys landlord, takes care of all major structural repairs. Improvements have been made on the building from term to term, the living room and the second floor above it were added in May 1963. The entire third floor is the result of the efforts of Bob Ceplikas 78, during the summer of 1985, the College spent over $180,000 on major renovations
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Kappa Kappa Kappa
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Kappa Kappa Kappa, known informally as Tri-Kap, is a local mens fraternity at Dartmouth College in Hanover, New Hampshire. The fraternity was founded in 1842 and is the second-oldest fraternity at Dartmouth College, Tri-Kap is the oldest local fraternity in the United States. It is located at 1 Webster Avenue, Hanover, New Hampshire, despite offers to establish additional branches at other institutions, the brotherhood of Tri-Kap has remading a vote on the organizations leadership. Tri-Kap was founded on July 13,1842, by Harrison Carroll Hobart, the society was based on the principles of democracy, loyalty to Dartmouth, and equality of opportunity. Originally a literary and debate society, Tri-Kap officially became a society in 1905 and has remained so ever since. Tri-Kap was the first student society at Dartmouth with its own meeting place, a building called The Hall, opened on July 28,1860, the Hall served as Tri-Kaps home until the Society moved into the Parker House in 1894. Parker House was located where the modern-day Silsby Hall stands, in 1923, the Society moved into 1 Webster Avenue, where it resides to this day. Tri-Kap became a social society in 1905. Alex M. Azar, Deputy Secretary of U. S. Department of Health and Human Services Henry Moore Baker, congressman from New Hampshire John Barrett, U. S. Minister to Siam, the Argentine Republic, Panama, and Colombia Charles Henry Bell, senator and Governor of New Hampshire Henry Eben Burnham, U. S. Senator from New Hampshire Sherman Everett Burroughs, U. S, congressman from New Hampshire Channing H. Cox, Governor of Massachusetts Irving Webster Drew, U. S. Congressman from Pennsylvania Paul Donnelly Paganucci, noted American businessman, investment banker, philanthropist, Dartmouth administrator and professor at the Tuck School Daniel Clark, senator from New Hampshire Rufus Choate, U. S. Senator from Massachusetts Benjamin Franklin Flanders, Governor of Louisiana Daniel Webster, U. S
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Phi Tau
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Phi Tau is a coeducational fraternity at Dartmouth College in Hanover, New Hampshire, USA. The fraternity renamed itself Phi Tau Fraternity, and in 1972 became the first fraternity at Dartmouth to admit women student members, today, Phi Tau Coeducational Fraternity is one of only three remaining, officially recognized coeducational Greek organizations on the Dartmouth College campus. Phi Tau Coeducational Fraternity at Dartmouth College was founded as the Tau Chapter of Phi Sigma Kappa in 1905, Phi Sigma Kappa was the sixteenth fraternity to open a chapter at Dartmouth. Being a relatively late arrival on campus, prime lots on Webster Avenue, with the help of the national organization, a house for the fraternity was purchased on what was then the northern edge of the college campus. The brotherhood of the Tau Chapter of Phi Sigma Kappa underwent a transition in the years of World War II. Many members of the classes of 1942 through 1945 were rushed through their academic studies, at the same time, the U. S. Navy organized a V-12 Navy College Training Program on the Dartmouth College campus. Many Phi Sigma Kappa men from Dartmouth went off to war, when these same brothers returned to finish their education after the war, attitudes in the house were less innocent, which changed how the brotherhood treated one another. Certain pre-war pledge activities, for example, were completely eliminated, the post-WWII era was a time of rapid social change, facilitated by the integration of the US Military. Colleges and universities were the locus of change as returning GIs flocked to the educational opportunities granted under the G. I. Bill, many of whom rejected the former class and race rigidity that was the status quo on their campuses and this was more strongly true in the older East Coast schools, but appeared soon at college locations in the West, Midwest and even the South. Like some of its chapters, the Tau chapter of Phi Sigma Kappa had a history of being progressive about its membership. However, the influx of new collegians of all races led some chapters to push for legislation to all local chapters to avoid admitting minorities to membership. In a contentious debate in 1952, the matter was brought to a head, with opposition to this restriction voiced by Tau chapter members, the Tau Chapter had been quietly opposed to this agreement, and had already admitted several Jewish men into the house. A campus-wide referendum on the desegregation of fraternities in 1954 resulted in a majority of Dartmouth students favoring mandatory desegregation of fraternities by 1960. This became a policy of the college administration. Several national organization leaders and their wives visited Dartmouth for a party celebrating the Tau chapters 50th anniversary in May,1955, National President A. L. Atcheson, District Director Bob Abbe, and District Deputy Sam Sargent all attended. Scobie relays, Abbe was reported to have commented to several brothers, including Dick Taft, class of 1956 and then vice-president of the chapter, Well, weve got to watch out for all minority groups, not just the Negroes. In different areas youve got to watch out for different things, sometimes its Italians, sometimes its Jews, unbeknownst to Abbe, Dick Taft was Jewish
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Chi Gamma Epsilon
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Chi Gamma Epsilon is a local fraternity at the American Ivy League university of Dartmouth College. Chi Gam, as it is known, was part of the Kappa Sigma fraternity before breaking off for political reasons. On campus, Chi Gam is known for its dance parties such as Gammapalooza, its house pong game known as ship, Chi Gamma Epsilon began as the fraternal organization Beta Gamma in 1904. In 1905, Beta Gamma was given status as the Gamma Epsilon chapter of Kappa Sigma at Dartmouth College. From 1914 to 1916, the brothers raised money to build a small wooden house in an empty lot at 7 Webster Avenue. The house was razed in 1935 for need of a larger structure, by 1937, the new house was completed. Ives Atherton ’24 is credited with heading construction and gathering funds, the house became a local fraternity in 1981 due to a dispute with the national organization and changed its name from Kappa Sigma to Kappa Sigma Gamma. The house further separated itself from the organization by undergoing a name change to the current Chi Gamma Epsilon. The brothers voted upon this on March 31,1987, in between the deliberation period, the house was called 7 Webster Ave. The Gamma Epsilon part of the name originates from the fact that the house was originally the Gamma Epsilon chapter of Kappa Sigma, john Donahoe 82 Brad Ausmus 91 Mike Remlinger 87 Jim Beattie 76 Russell Carson 55 Crispus Knight 03 Rick Spier 78 Ed Lucas 04
