1.
Florida
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Florida /ˈflɒrᵻdə/ is a state located in the southeastern region of the United States. It is bordered to the west by the Gulf of Mexico, to the north by Alabama and Georgia, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, Florida is the 22nd-most extensive, the 3rd-most populous, and the 8th-most densely populated of the U. S. states. Jacksonville is the most populous municipality in the state and is the largest city by area in the contiguous United States, the Miami metropolitan area is Floridas most populous urban area. The city of Tallahassee is the state capital, much of the state is at or near sea level and is characterized by sedimentary soil. The climate varies from subtropical in the north to tropical in the south, the American alligator, American crocodile, Florida panther, and manatee can be found in the Everglades National Park. It was a location of the Seminole Wars against the Native Americans. Today, Florida is distinctive for its large Cuban expatriate community and high population growth, the states economy relies mainly on tourism, agriculture, and transportation, which developed in the late 19th century. Florida is also renowned for amusement parks, orange crops, the Kennedy Space Center, Florida has attracted many writers such as Marjorie Kinnan Rawlings, Ernest Hemingway and Tennessee Williams, and continues to attract celebrities and athletes. It is internationally known for golf, tennis, auto racing, by the 16th century, the earliest time for which there is a historical record, major Native American groups included the Apalachee, the Timucua, the Ais, the Tocobaga, the Calusa and the Tequesta. Florida was the first part of the continental United States to be visited and settled by Europeans, the earliest known European explorers came with the Spanish conquistador Juan Ponce de León. Ponce de León spotted and landed on the peninsula on April 2,1513 and he named the region La Florida. The story that he was searching for the Fountain of Youth is a myth, in May 1539, Conquistador Hernando de Soto skirted the coast of Florida, searching for a deep harbor to land. He described seeing a wall of red mangroves spread mile after mile, some reaching as high as 70 feet. Very soon, many smokes appeared along the whole coast, billowing against the sky, the Spanish introduced Christianity, cattle, horses, sheep, the Spanish language, and more to Florida. Both the Spanish and French established settlements in Florida, with varying degrees of success, in 1559, Don Tristán de Luna y Arellano established a settlement at present-day Pensacola, making it the first attempted settlement in Florida, but it was abandoned by 1561. Spain maintained tenuous control over the region by converting the tribes to Christianity. The area of Spanish Florida diminished with the establishment of English settlements to the north, the English attacked St. Augustine, burning the city and its cathedral to the ground several times. Florida attracted numerous Africans and African-Americans from adjacent British colonies who sought freedom from slavery, in 1738, Governor Manuel de Montiano established Fort Gracia Real de Santa Teresa de Mose near St
2.
Shopping mall
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A shopping arcade is a specific form serving the same purpose. Many early shopping arcades such as the Burlington Arcade in London, the Galleria Vittorio Emanuele II in Milan, however, many smaller arcades have been demolished, replaced with large centers or malls, often accessible by vehicle. Technical innovations such as lighting and escalators were introduced from the late 19th century. From the late 20th century, entertainment venues such as movie theaters, as a single built structure, early shopping centers were often architecturally significant constructions, enabling wealthier patrons to buy goods in spaces protected from the weather. In places around the world, the shopping centre is used, especially in Europe, Australia. Mall is a term used predominantly in North America, outside of North America, shopping precinct and shopping arcade are also used. In the United Kingdom and Ireland, malls are commonly referred to as shopping centres, the majority of British shopping centres are located in city centres, usually found in old and historic shopping districts and surrounded by subsidiary open air shopping streets. Large examples include West Quay in Southampton, Manchester Arndale, Bullring Birmingham, Liverpool One, Trinity Leeds, Buchanan Galleries in Glasgow and these centres were built in the 1980s and 1990s, but planning regulations prohibit the construction of any more. Out-of-town shopping developments in the UK are now focused on retail parks, planning policy prioritizes the development of existing town centres, although with patchy success. Bullring, Birmingham is the busiest shopping centre in the UK welcoming over 36.5 million shoppers in its opening year, there are a reported 222 malls in Europe. In 2014, these malls had combined sales of $12.47 billion and this represented a 10% bump in revenues from the prior year. One of the earliest examples of public shopping areas comes from ancient Rome, One of the earliest public shopping centers is Trajans Market in Rome located in Trajans Forum. Trajans Market was probably built around 100-110 CE by Apollodorus of Damascus, the Grand Bazaar of Istanbul was built in the 15th century and is still one of the largest covered shopping centers in the world, with more than 58 streets and 4,000 shops. Numerous other covered shopping arcades, such as the 19th-century Al-Hamidiyah Souq in Damascus, Syria, isfahans Grand Bazaar, which is largely covered, dates from the 10th century. The 10-kilometer-long, covered Tehrans Grand Bazaar also has a lengthy history, the oldest continuously occupied shopping mall in the world is likely to be the Chester Rows. Dating back at least to the 13th century, these covered walkways housed shops, with storage, different rows specialized in different goods, such as Bakers Row or Fleshmongers Row. The Marché des Enfants Rouges in Paris opened in 1628 and still runs today, the Oxford Covered Market in Oxford, England opened in 1774 and still runs today. The Passage du Caire was opened in Paris in 1798, the Burlington Arcade in London was opened in 1819
3.
Miami
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Miami is a seaport city at the southeastern corner of the U. S. state of Florida and its Atlantic coast. According to the U. S. Census Bureau, Miamis metro area is the eighth-most populous, Miami is a major center, and a leader in finance, commerce, culture, media, entertainment, the arts, and international trade. In 2012, Miami was classified as an Alpha−World City in the World Cities Study Groups inventory, in 2010, Miami ranked seventh in the United States in terms of finance, commerce, culture, entertainment, fashion, education, and other sectors. It ranked 33rd among global cities, in 2008, Forbes magazine ranked Miami Americas Cleanest City, for its year-round good air quality, vast green spaces, clean drinking water, clean streets, and citywide recycling programs. According to a 2009 UBS study of 73 world cities, Miami was ranked as the richest city in the United States, Miami is nicknamed the Capital of Latin America and is the largest city with a Cuban-American plurality. Miami has the third tallest skyline in the U. S. with over 300 high-rises, Downtown Miami is home to the largest concentration of international banks in the United States, and many large national and international companies. The Civic Center is a center for hospitals, research institutes, medical centers. For more than two decades, the Port of Miami, known as the Cruise Capital of the World, has been the number one cruise port in the world. It accommodates some of the worlds largest cruise ships and operations, Metropolitan Miami is the major tourism hub in the American South, number two in the U. S. after New York City and number 13 in the world, including the popular destination of Miami Beach. The Miami area was inhabited for thousands of years by indigenous Native American tribes, the Tequestas occupied the area for a thousand years before encountering Europeans. An Indian village of hundreds of people dating to 500–600 B. C. was located at the mouth of the Miami River, in 1566 the explorer, Pedro Menéndez de Avilés, claimed it for Spain. A Spanish mission was constructed one year later in 1567, Spain and Great Britain successively controlled Florida, and Spain ceded it to the United States in 1821. In 1836, the US built Fort Dallas as part of its development of the Florida Territory and attempt to suppress, the Miami area subsequently became a site of fighting during the Second Seminole War. Miami is noted as the major city in the United States conceived by a woman, Julia Tuttle, a local citrus grower. The Miami area was known as Biscayne Bay Country in the early years of its growth. In the late 19th century, reports described the area as a promising wilderness, the area was also characterized as one of the finest building sites in Florida. The Great Freeze of 1894–95 hastened Miamis growth, as the crops of the Miami area were the ones in Florida that survived. Julia Tuttle subsequently convinced Henry Flagler, a tycoon, to expand his Florida East Coast Railway to the region
4.
Brickell City Centre
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Brickell City Centre is a $1.05 billion shopping and mixed-use project in Miami, Florida. When finished, it will span up to five blocks to the west of Brickell Avenue and to the south of the Miami River and it will be anchored by a 107,000 square-foot Saks Fifth Avenue, Cinemex, and Italian food hall. The project is located between 7th and 8th Streets on both sides of South Miami Avenue and east of South Miami Ave on the side of 7th Street. Additionally, it may expand to two more blocks that Swire already owns at 700 Brickell Avenue and SE6 Street. The large project was first proposed during the real estate bubble of the 2000s and it was revived in 2012 with enough acreage to qualify for Special Area Plan zoning with construction beginning by years end. The hotel and residential towers, as well as office space. Phased retail openings started in November 2016, a phase two may begin construction in 2017. Contrary to the name, the development is not in the traditional downtown Miami city centre, the project is being developed by Swire Properties Inc, and spans slightly over 9 acres. Amenities include a soon to open department store Saks Fifth Avenue, luxury shops, restaurants, hotel, office towers, the hotel flag was awarded to EAST, a Swire Hotels brand, which will be their first venture in North America. Currently there are EAST hotels in Hong Kong and Beijing, China, in February 2013, Swire Properties and the owners of Bal Harbour Shops announced that they had come to an agreement to co-develop the retail portion of the development. Later, in 2015, mall developer Simon Property Group also became a retail partner, limited portions of the project opened at the end of 2015, while the residential towers began occupancy in mid-2016. The retail section opened at the beginning of November 2016 with a ribbon cutting. The Eighth Street Metromover station reopened in late 2015, though the third connection to the retail component remained locked until December 2016. The project has been a catalyst for development in the trendy Brickell neighborhood, in the direct vicinity of the project, many luxury hi-rise buildings are under construction as of 2017. Arquitectonica remains as the architect and ArquitectonicaGEO as the landscape architect, two additional lots were purchased by Swire in 2011, the Brickell Tennis Club and the Eastern National Bank building making the entire development site over 9 acres. The project also contains two levels of parking, covered sidewalks, and interconnectivity between all the buildings. Underground parking in South Florida is a rarity due to the low elevation above sea level, the 2,600 sub-grade car park for Brickell City Centre covers 7 acres, and required installation of watertight slurry walls from the site elevation of 7 feet NGVD to around -20 feet. The City Commission gave the project its approval in July 2011
5.
Miami metropolitan area
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The Miami metropolitan area, also known as the Greater Miami Area or South Florida, is the 67th largest metropolitan area in the world and the eighth-largest metropolitan area in the United States. It is entirely located in the portion of the U. S. State of Florida. Its land area is 6,137 sq. mi, the three counties together have principal cities including Miami, Fort Lauderdale, Pompano Beach, West Palm Beach, and Boca Raton. Besides its association with the South Florida region, is also synonymous with an area known collectively as the Gold Coast. This includes the four counties of Martin, St. Lucie, Indian River. The Miami metropolitan statistical area is longer than any other urbanized area in the United States except for the New York metropolitan area and it was the eighth most densely populated urbanized area in the United States in the 2000 census. As of the 2000 census, the area had a land area of 1,116 square miles, with a population of 4,919,036. Miami and Hialeah had population densities of more than 10,000 per square mile, the Miami Urbanized Area was the fourth largest urbanized area in the United States in the 2010 census. The Miami metropolitan area includes several urban clusters as of the 2000 Census which are not part of the Miami Urbanized Area. The following is a list of the twenty largest cities in the Miami metropolitan area as ranked by population, the Miami area is a very diverse community with a large proportion of foreign-born residents, in large part due to its proximity to Latin America and the Caribbean. Another large factor are residents who were former snowbirds from the Northeast and, to a lesser extent, politically speaking, the region is heavily Democratic. Broward County is the second most reliably Democratic county in the state, as of the 2005 American Community Survey,5,334,685 people lived in the metropolis. The Miami area has a very large Jewish community,10. 2% of the population was Jewish in the 2000 Census, There is also a sizable Muslim community numbering at 70,000. Population, As of the 2010 U. S. Census,2.8 million were females and 2.6 million were males. The median age was 38.6 years, 24% of the population were under 18 years and 15% were 65 years and older. There were 2,097,626 households, and 1,378,108 families residing in the Miami metropolitan area, among people at least five years old living in the region in 2005, 52% spoke English at home while 48% spoke some other language at home. Of those speaking a language other than English at home, 78% spoke Spanish, households and families, There were 2,338,450 households, The average household size was 2.6 people. Families made up 65% of the households in the Miami area and this figure includes both married-couple families and other families
6.
Fort Lauderdale, Florida
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Fort Lauderdale /ˌfɔərt ˈlɔːdərdeɪl/ is a city in the U. S. state of Florida,28 miles north of Miami. It is the county seat of Broward County, as of the 2010 census, the city had a population of 165,521. It is a city of the Miami metropolitan area, which was home to an estimated 6,012,331 people at the 2015 census. The city is a popular tourist destination, with an average temperature of 75.5 °F and 3,000 hours of sunshine per year. Greater Fort Lauderdale which takes in all of Broward County hosted 12 million visitors in 2012, the district has 561 hotels and motels comprising nearly 35,000 rooms. Forty six cruise ships sailed from Port Everglades in 2012, greater Fort Lauderdale has over 4,000 restaurants,63 golf courses,12 shopping malls,16 museums,132 nightclubs,278 parkland campsites, and 100 marinas housing 45,000 resident yachts. Fort Lauderdale is named after a series of forts built by the United States during the Second Seminole War, the forts took their name from Major William Lauderdale, younger brother of Lieutenant Colonel James Lauderdale. William Lauderdale was the commander of the detachment of soldiers who built the first fort, however, development of the city did not begin until 50 years after the forts were abandoned at the end of the conflict. The area in which the city of Fort Lauderdale would later be founded was inhabited for more two thousand years by the Tequesta Indians. For the Tequesta, disease, coupled with continuing conflict with their Calusa neighbors, although control of the area changed between Spain, United Kingdom, the United States, and the Confederate States of America, it remained largely undeveloped until the 20th century. The Fort Lauderdale area was known as the New River Settlement before the 20th century, in the 1830s there were approximately 70 settlers living along the New River. William Cooley, the local Justice of the Peace, was a farmer and wrecker, who traded with the Seminole Indians. On January 6,1836, while Cooley was leading an attempt to salvage a ship, a band of Seminoles attacked his farm, killing his wife and children. The first United States stockade named Fort Lauderdale was built in 1838, the fort was abandoned in 1842, after the end of the war, and the area remained virtually unpopulated until the 1890s. The city was incorporated in 1911, and in 1915 was designated the county seat of newly formed Broward County, Fort Lauderdales first major development began in the 1920s, during the Florida land boom of the 1920s. The 1926 Miami Hurricane and the Great Depression of the 1930s caused a deal of economic dislocation. In July 1935, an African-American man named Rubin Stacy was accused of robbing a woman at knife point. He was arrested and being transported to a Miami jail when police were run off the road by a mob, a group of 100 white men proceeded to hang Stacy from a tree near the scene of his alleged robbery
7.
West Palm Beach, Florida
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West Palm Beach is a city in and the county seat of Palm Beach County, Florida, United States. It is one of the three cities in South Florida. The population was 100,343 at the 2010 census, the University of Florida Bureau of Economic and Business Research estimates a 2016 population of 108,896, a 7. 9% increase from 2010. It is the oldest municipality in the Miami metropolitan area, having incorporated as a city two years before Miami in November 1894. The estimated population of the Miami Metropolitan area, which all of Palm Beach County, was 6,012,331 people at the 2015 census. The beginning of the period in south Florida is marked by Juan Ponce de Leóns first contact with native people in 1513. When the Spanish arrived, there were perhaps about 20,000 Native Americans in south Florida, by 1763, when the English gained control of Florida, the native peoples had all but been wiped out through war, enslavement, or European diseases. Other native peoples from Alabama and Georgia moved into Florida in the early 18th century and they were of varied ancestry, but Europeans called them all Creeks. In Florida, they were known as the Seminole and Miccosukee Indians, the Seminoles clashed with American settlers over land and over escaped slaves who found refuge among them. They resisted the efforts to move them to the Indian Territory west of the Mississippi. Between 1818 and 1858, three wars were fought between Seminoles and the United States government, by 1858, there were very few Seminoles remaining in Florida. The area that was to become West Palm Beach was settled in the late 1870s and 1880s by a few hundred settlers who called the vicinity Lake Worth Country and these settlers were a diverse community from different parts of the United States and the world. They included founding families such at the Potters and the Lainharts, most settlers engaged in the growing of tropical fruits and vegetables for shipment the north via Lake Worth and the Indian River. By 1890, the U. S. Census counted over 200 people settled along Lake Worth in the vicinity of what would become West Palm Beach, the area at this time also boasted a hotel, the Cocoanut House, a church, and a post office. Flagler paid two area settlers, Captain Porter and Louie Hillhouse, a sum of $45,000 for the original town site. On November 5,1894,78 people met at the Calaboose and this made West Palm Beach the first incorporated municipality in Dade County and in South Florida. The town council quickly addressed the building codes and the tents and shanties were replaced by brick, brick veneer, in 1909, Palm Beach County was formed by the Florida State Legislature and West Palm Beach became the county seat. In 1916, a new courthouse was opened, which has been painstakingly restored back to its original condition
8.
Brickell
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Brickell is an urban neighborhood of Greater Downtown Miami, Florida, United States. Directly south of the historic CBD, Brickell is Miami and South Floridas major financial district, by the 1970s, office towers, hotels and apartments began replacing the historic mansions. Today, Brickell has grown to overtake the citys central business district to the north. With a fast-growing residential population, Brickell is one of Miamis fastest-growing as well as its most dense neighborhood, Brickell has a large concentration of wealthy Argentine, Colombian, Cuban, Nicaraguan and Venezuelan residents. Many work in the financial and trade sectors, or live in Brickell part-time. The neighborhood of Brickell has its own newspaper, The Brickell Tribune, Brickell is a dense, high-rise residential neighborhood with many upscale, luxury condominium and apartment towers. Brickell Avenue, Brickells main north-south avenue and along Miami Avenue, home to many popular Miami restaurants, shops, a few hundred feet east of the northeastern side of Brickell is Brickell Key, a gated island of upscale, high-rise residential and hotel towers. As of 2009, over 190,000 office employees work in greater Downtown, today, greater Downtown Miami is one of the fastest-growing neighborhoods in Miami, booming from 40,000 residents in 2000 to 80,000 in 2010. Brickell is served by the Miami Metrorail at the Brickell station, as South Floridas financial district, Brickell is the core of Miamis banking, investment, and financial sectors. Brickell lies south of the Miami River, extending south to SW 26th Road, and is mostly mixed financial and residential north of Broadway, Brickell is home to 31,759 year-round residents. The area of Brickell south of Broadway is mainly low and mid-rise residential buildings west of Brickell Avenue and high-rise residential to the east of Brickell Avenue. Recent construction in Brickell has also enlarged the urban core of Brickell from Brickell Avenue west to the Metrorail line, with new office and residential towers, such as Axis at Brickell Village. As of 2010,80,000 residents live in Brickell, among them, famous celebrities such as José José, Luis Miguel, Clinton Portis, Jennifer Lopez and Marc Anthony. At the center of Brickell is Mary Brickell Village, with an assortment of restaurants, boutiques, services that create an area for high-class retail. Some the best and most well-known names are leasing space in the project, the project is designed after a French style village and attracts social gathering and entertainment. To the north of Brickell is Downtown, with most of the public elementary schools. Downtown is also home to the Miami Main Library, as well as parks, theatres, museums. South of Brickell is Coconut Grove, with Mercy Hospital, CocoWalk, Dinner Key, Villa Vizcaya, as well as historic sites
9.
Coconut Grove
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Coconut Grove is the oldest continuously inhabited neighborhood of Miami in Miami-Dade County, Florida, United States. The neighborhood is bound by North Prospect Drive to the south, LeJeune Road to the west, South Dixie Highway and Rickenbacker Causeway to the north. It is south of the neighborhoods of Brickell and The Roads, the neighborhoods name has been sometimes spelled Cocoanut Grove but the definitive spelling Coconut Grove was established when the city was incorporated in 1919. What is today referred to as Coconut Grove was formed in 1925 when the city of Miami annexed two areas of equal size, the city of Coconut Grove and most of the town of Silver Bluff. Coconut Grove approximately corresponds to the area as the 33133 ZIP Code although the ZIP Code includes parts of Coral Way and Coral Gables. The area is referred to as The Grove and many locals take pride that Coconut Grove is one of the greenest areas of Miami. Coconut Grove is directly served by the Miami Metrorail at Coconut Grove, several waves of immigration established Coconut Grove, the first in 1825, when the Cape Florida lighthouse went into operation and was manned by John Dubose. Dr. Horace P. Porter is credited for coming up with the name when in 1873 he rented a home from Edmond D. Beasley’s widow and he lived there for only a year but during that time he established a post office which he named Coconut Grove. Around the same time the area saw an influx of Americans from the Northeastern US, as well as British, the first hotel on the South Florida mainland was located in Coconut Grove. Coconut Groves first black settlement, in the 1880s, was established by Bahamian laborers who worked at the Peacock Inn, the Barnacle Historic State Park is the oldest house in Miami-Dade County still standing in its original location. Formerly an independent city, Coconut Grove was annexed by the city of Miami in 1925, in the 1960s, bay-shore Coconut Grove served as the center of South Floridas youth countercultural movement, notably hosting several love-ins and concerts during the latter part of the decade. Coconut Grove has a number of festivals and events, the most prominent of which is the annual Coconut Grove Arts Festival. Others include the King Mango Strut, which began as a parody of the Orange Bowl Parade, the Great Taste of the Grove Food & Wine Festival takes place each April. Each June, the Goombay Festival transforms Grand Avenue in Coconut Grove into a Carnaval, celebrating Bahamian culture, with Bahamian food, the Grove has numerous restaurants, open air and streetside cafes, and several waterfront restaurants and bars. By night, the Grove becomes a center of nightlife frequented by locals, young professionals, students from the-nearby University of Miami and Florida International University, and tourists. Shopping is abundant in the Grove, with two malls, CocoWalk, the Streets of Mayfair, and many other street shops. Development and redevelopment continue to redefine and transform the area, major corporations including Arquitectonica, Spanish Broadcasting System, and Watsco are located in the Grove. The eastern border of Coconut Grove is Biscayne Bay, which lends itself to the boating and sailing communities
10.
Coral Gables, Florida
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Coral Gables, officially the City of Coral Gables, is a city in Miami-Dade County, Florida, United States, located southwest of Downtown Miami. The United States Census Bureau estimates conducted in 2013 yielded the city had a population of 49,631, Coral Gables is home to the University of Miami. The city of Coral Gables has its own newspaper, Coral Gables News, Coral Gables was one of the first planned communities, and prefigured the development of the gated community and the homeowners association. It is infamous for its strict zoning regulations, the city was developed by George Merrick during the Florida land boom of the 1920s. The citys architecture is almost entirely Mediterranean Revival style, including the Coral Gables Congregational Church, the domed, Catholic Church of the Little Flower was built somewhat later, in a similar Spanish Renaissance style. By 1926, the city covered 10,000 acres and had netted $150 million in sales, Merrick meticulously designed the downtown commercial district to be only four blocks wide and more than two miles long. The main artery bisected the business district, Merrick could boast that every business in Coral Gables was less than a two-block walk. During World War II many Navy pilots and mechanics were trained and housed in Coral Gables, Coral Gables is located at 25°43′42″N 80°16′16″W. It is bordered on the west by Red Road north of Sunset Drive and West 49th Avenue and it is bordered on the north by Tamiami Trail/U. S. Route 41, except for a section that extends north of 8th Street for eight blocks between Ponce de Leon Boulevard and Douglas Road. S. 1 to Battersea Road, and by Biscayne Bay south of Battersea Road, on the south, it is bordered by the Charles Deering Estate. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has an area of 37.2 square miles. 13.1 square miles of it is land and 24.0 square miles of it is water. 4% were vacant, in 2000,24. 45% had children under the age of 18 living with them. In Coral Gables,61. 11% were family households,17. 3% had a householder with no husband present. The average household size was 2.36, and the household had 1.68 vehicles. In 2000, the city population was out with 17. 4% under the age of 18,14. 58% from 18 to 24,25. 02% from 25 to 44,27. 01% from 45 to 64. The median age was 39.44 years, the population consisted of 51. 31% females and 48. 69% males. In 2000, the income for a household in the city was $77,890
