1.
Album
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Album, is a collection of audio recordings issued as a single item on CD, record, audio tape, or another medium. Albums of recorded music were developed in the early 20th century, first as books of individual 78rpm records, vinyl LPs are still issued, though in the 21st century album sales have mostly focused on compact disc and MP3 formats. The audio cassette was a format used from the late 1970s through to the 1990s alongside vinyl, an album may be recorded in a recording studio, in a concert venue, at home, in the field, or a mix of places. Recording may take a few hours to years to complete, usually in several takes with different parts recorded separately. Recordings that are done in one take without overdubbing are termed live, the majority of studio recordings contain an abundance of editing, sound effects, voice adjustments, etc. With modern recording technology, musicians can be recorded in separate rooms or at times while listening to the other parts using headphones. Album covers and liner notes are used, and sometimes additional information is provided, such as analysis of the recording, historically, the term album was applied to a collection of various items housed in a book format. In musical usage the word was used for collections of pieces of printed music from the early nineteenth century. Later, collections of related 78rpm records were bundled in book-like albums, the LP record, or 33 1⁄3 rpm microgroove vinyl record, is a gramophone record format introduced by Columbia Records in 1948. It was adopted by the industry as a standard format for the album. Apart from relatively minor refinements and the important later addition of stereophonic sound capability, the term album had been carried forward from the early nineteenth century when it had been used for collections of short pieces of music. Later, collections of related 78rpm records were bundled in book-like albums, as part of a trend of shifting sales in the music industry, some commenters have declared that the early 21st century experienced the death of the album. Sometimes shorter albums are referred to as mini-albums or EPs, Albums such as Tubular Bells, Amarok, Hergest Ridge by Mike Oldfield, and Yess Close to the Edge, include fewer than four tracks. There are no rules against artists such as Pinhead Gunpowder referring to their own releases under thirty minutes as albums. These are known as box sets, material is stored on an album in sections termed tracks, normally 11 or 12 tracks. A music track is a song or instrumental recording. The term is associated with popular music where separate tracks are known as album tracks. When vinyl records were the medium for audio recordings a track could be identified visually from the grooves
2.
Van Halen
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Jan Van Halen, born Jan van Halen, was a Dutch musician and the patriarch of the Van Halen family. He was the father of Eddie Van Halen and Alex Van Halen, Van Halen was born on January 18,1920, to Jannetje Berg and Hermanus van Halen, a butcher in Amsterdam. He had already made a career in music when in 1939, at the age of 19 and he joined the Royal Dutch Air Force and played marches for the troops until the country was occupied in 1940, forcing him to play propaganda music for the Third Reich. After the war ended in 1945, Van Halen emigrated to the Dutch East Indies, where he pursued his career and met his future wife. They married on August 11,1950 in Jakarta, Alex was born two months later in Amsterdam. The Van Halen family moved to Nijmegen, where Eddie was born in January 1955, in 1960, Jan played his biggest gig with the Ton Wijkamp Quintet, playing the Loosdrecht Jazz Festival. However, after hearing stories from her side of the family and they left in February 1962 by boat and moved across the continent by train to Pasadena, California. To complete their transition, they Americanized their surname from van Halen to Van Halen, in May 1986, Jan suffered a heart attack. He died due to the effects of alcoholism on December 9,1986 and his sons dedicated their 1988 album OU812 to their father, quoting This ones for you, pa. On August 4,2005, his wife Eugenia Van Halen passed away at the age of 89
3.
Studio City, Los Angeles
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Studio City is a neighborhood in the city of Los Angeles, California, in the San Fernando Valley. It is named after the lot that was established in the area by film producer Mack Sennett in 1927. Originally known as Laurelwood, the area Studio City occupies was part of Rancho Ex-Mission San Fernando. In 1899, however, the area lost most water rights to Los Angeles and therefore subdivision, construction of the Los Angeles Aqueduct began in 1908 and water reached the San Fernando Valley in November,1913. Whitley platted the area of present-day Studio City from portions of the town of Lankershim as well as the eastern part of the new acquisition. In 1927, Mack Sennett began building a new studio on 20 acres donated by the land developer, the area around the studio was named Studio City. In 1955, Studio Citys Station 78 became the first racially integrated station in the Los Angeles City Fire Department, in 2008, the city estimated that the resident population had increased to 37,201. In 2000, the age for residents,38, was considered old for city and county neighborhoods. The neighborhood was considered not especially diverse ethnically, with a percent of White residents. The breakdown was whites, 78%, Latinos,8. 7%, Asians,5. 4%, blacks,3. 7%, and others,4. 1%. Iran and the United Kingdom were the most common places of birth for the 21. 1% of the residents who were born abroad—a low percentage for Los Angeles, the median yearly household income in 2008 dollars was $75,657, considered high for the city. The percent of households earning $125,000 and up was high for Los Angeles County, the average household size of 1.9 people was low when compared to the rest of the city and the county. Renters occupied 55. 9% of the stock and house- or apartment-owners held 44. 1%. In 2000, there were 837 families headed by single parents, there were 2,591 veterans,8. 8% of the population, a high figure for the city. The percentages of residents with a masters degree was also high for the county. Schools within the Studio City boundaries are, Harvard-Westlake School, private, the Studio City Recreation Center is in Studio City. Moorpark Park, a pocket park in Studio City, has a childrens play area. Woodbridge Park on the border of Studio City has a children
4.
Vancouver
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Vancouver is a coastal seaport city in Canada, located in the Lower Mainland region of British Columbia. As the most populous city in the province, the 2016 census recorded 631,486 people in the city, the Greater Vancouver area had a population of 2,463,431 in 2016, making it the third largest metropolitan area in Canada. Vancouver has the highest population density in Canada with over 5,400 people per square kilometre. With over 250,000 residents, Vancouver municipality is the fourth most densely populated city in North America behind New York City, San Francisco, and Mexico City according to the 2011 census. In that census, Vancouver was one of the most ethnically and linguistically diverse cities in Canada, Vancouver is classed as a Beta global city. In 2014, following thirty years in California, the annual TED conference made Vancouver its indefinite home, several matches of the 2015 FIFA Womens World Cup were played in Vancouver, including the final at BC Place Stadium. From that first enterprise, other stores and some hotels quickly appeared along the waterfront to the west, Gastown became formally laid out as a registered townsite dubbed Granville, B. I. As of 2014, Port Metro Vancouver is the third largest port by tonnage in the Americas, 27th in the world, the busiest and largest in Canada, and the most diversified port in North America. While forestry remains its largest industry, Vancouver is well known as an urban centre surrounded by nature, archaeological records indicate the presence of Aboriginal people in the Vancouver area from 8,000 to 10,000 years ago. The city is located in the territories of the Squamish, Musqueam. They had villages in various parts of present-day Vancouver, such as Stanley Park, False Creek, Kitsilano, Point Grey, the city takes its name from George Vancouver, who explored the inner harbour of Burrard Inlet in 1792 and gave various places British names. The explorer and North West Company trader Simon Fraser and his became the first known Europeans to set foot on the site of the present-day city. In 1808, they travelled from the east down the Fraser River, perhaps as far as Point Grey. The Fraser Gold Rush of 1858 brought over 25,000 men, mainly from California, to nearby New Westminster on the Fraser River, on their way to the Fraser Canyon, a sawmill established at Moodyville in 1863, began the citys long relationship with logging. It was quickly followed by mills owned by Captain Edward Stamp on the shore of the inlet. This mill, known as the Hastings Mill, became the nucleus around which Vancouver formed, the mills central role in the city waned after the arrival of the Canadian Pacific Railway in the 1880s. It nevertheless remained important to the economy until it closed in the 1920s. The settlement which came to be called Gastown grew up quickly around the original makeshift tavern established by Gassy Jack Deighton in 1867 on the edge of the Hastings Mill property
5.
Hard rock
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Hard rock is a loosely defined subgenre of rock music that began in the mid-1960s, with the garage, psychedelic and blues rock movements. It is typified by a use of aggressive vocals, distorted electric guitars, bass guitar, drums. Hard rock developed into a form of popular music in the 1970s, with bands such as The Who, Led Zeppelin, Queen, Black Sabbath, Deep Purple, Aerosmith, AC/DC. During the 1980s, some rock bands moved away from their hard rock roots and more towards pop rock. Hard rock began losing popularity with the success of R&B, hip-hop, urban pop, grunge. Out of this movement came garage rock bands like The White Stripes, The Strokes, Interpol and, later on, in the 2000s, only a few hard rock bands from the 1970s and 1980s managed to sustain highly successful recording careers. Hard rock is a form of loud, aggressive rock music, the electric guitar is often emphasised, used with distortion and other effects, both as a rhythm instrument using repetitive riffs with a varying degree of complexity, and as a solo lead instrument. Drumming characteristically focuses on driving rhythms, strong drum and a backbeat on snare. The bass guitar works in conjunction with the drums, occasionally playing riffs, vocals are often growling, raspy, or involve screaming or wailing, sometimes in a high range, or even falsetto voice. In the late 1960s, the heavy metal was used interchangeably with hard rock. Heavy metal took on darker characteristics after Black Sabbaths breakthrough at the beginning of the 1970s, in the 1980s it developed a number of subgenres, often termed extreme metal, some of which were influenced by hardcore punk, and which further differentiated the two styles. Despite this differentiation, hard rock and heavy metal have existed side by side, with bands frequently standing on the boundary of, other antecedents include Link Wrays instrumental Rumble in 1958, and the surf rock instrumentals of Dick Dale, such as Lets Go Trippin and Misirlou. In the 1960s, American and British blues and rock bands began to rock and roll by adding harder sounds, heavier guitar riffs, bombastic drumming. From the late 1960s, it common to divide mainstream rock music that emerged from psychedelia into soft. Soft rock was often derived from rock, using acoustic instruments and putting more emphasis on melody. In contrast, hard rock was most often derived from rock and was played louder. Blues rock acts that pioneered the sound included Cream, The Jimi Hendrix Experience, Cream, in songs like I Feel Free combined blues rock with pop and psychedelia, particularly in the riffs and guitar solos of Eric Clapton. Jimi Hendrix produced a form of blues-influenced psychedelic rock, which combined elements of jazz, blues and rock, from 1967 Jeff Beck brought lead guitar to new heights of technical virtuosity and moved blues rock in the direction of heavy rock with his band, The Jeff Beck Group
6.
Warner Bros.
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Entertainment Inc. – colloquially known as Warner Bros. or Warner Bros. It is one of the Big Six major American film studios, Warner Bros. is a member of the Motion Picture Association of America. The companys name originated from the four founding Warner brothers, Harry, Albert, Sam, Jack, the youngest, was born in London, Ontario. The three elder brothers began in the theater business, having acquired a movie projector with which they showed films in the mining towns of Pennsylvania. In the beginning, Sam and Albert Warner invested $150 to present Life of an American Fireman and they opened their first theater, the Cascade, in New Castle, Pennsylvania, in 1903. When the original building was in danger of being demolished, the modern Warner Bros. called the current building owners, the owners noted people across the country had asked them to protect it for its historical significance. In 1904, the Warners founded the Pittsburgh-based Duquesne Amusement & Supply Company, in 1912, Harry Warner hired an auditor named Paul Ashley Chase. By the time of World War I they had begun producing films, in 1918 they opened the first Warner Bros. studio on Sunset Boulevard in Hollywood. Sam and Jack produced the pictures, while Harry and Albert, along with their auditor and now controller Chase, handled finance and distribution in New York City. During World War I their first nationally syndicated film, My Four Years in Germany, on April 4,1923, with help from money loaned to Harry by his banker Motley Flint, they formally incorporated as Warner Brothers Pictures, Incorporated. The first important deal was the acquisition of the rights to Avery Hopwoods 1919 Broadway play, The Gold Diggers, however, Rin Tin Tin, a dog brought from France after World War I by an American soldier, established their reputation. Rin Tin Tin debuted in the feature Where the North Begins, the movie was so successful that Jack signed the dog to star in more films for $1,000 per week. Rin Tin Tin became the top star. Jack nicknamed him The Mortgage Lifter and the success boosted Darryl F. Zanucks career, Zanuck eventually became a top producer and between 1928 and 1933 served as Jacks right-hand man and executive producer, with responsibilities including day-to-day film production. More success came after Ernst Lubitsch was hired as head director, lubitschs film The Marriage Circle was the studios most successful film of 1924, and was on The New York Times best list for that year. Despite the success of Rin Tin Tin and Lubitsch, Warners remained a lesser studio, Sam and Jack decided to offer Broadway actor John Barrymore the lead role in Beau Brummel. The film was so successful that Harry signed Barrymore to a contract, like The Marriage Circle. By the end of 1924, Warner Bros. was arguably Hollywoods most successful independent studio, as the studio prospered, it gained backing from Wall Street, and in 1924 Goldman Sachs arranged a major loan
7.
Record producer
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A record producer or music producer oversees and manages the sound recording and production of a band or performers music, which may range from recording one song to recording a lengthy concept album. A producer has many roles during the recording process, the roles of a producer vary. The producer may perform these roles himself, or help select the engineer, the producer may also pay session musicians and engineers and ensure that the entire project is completed within the record companies budget. A record producer or music producer has a broad role in overseeing and managing the recording. Producers also often take on an entrepreneurial role, with responsibility for the budget, schedules, contracts. In the 2010s, the industry has two kinds of producers with different roles, executive producer and music producer. Executive producers oversee project finances while music producers oversee the process of recording songs or albums. In most cases the producer is also a competent arranger, composer. The producer will also liaise with the engineer who concentrates on the technical aspects of recording. Noted producer Phil Ek described his role as the person who creatively guides or directs the process of making a record, indeed, in Bollywood music, the designation actually is music director. The music producers job is to create, shape, and mold a piece of music, at the beginning of record industry, producer role was technically limited to record, in one shot, artists performing live. The role of producers changed progressively over the 1950s and 1960s due to technological developments, the development of multitrack recording caused a major change in the recording process. Before multitracking, all the elements of a song had to be performed simultaneously, all of these singers and musicians had to be assembled in a large studio and the performance had to be recorded. As well, for a song that used 20 instruments, it was no longer necessary to get all the players in the studio at the same time. Examples include the rock sound effects of the 1960s, e. g. playing back the sound of recorded instruments backwards or clanging the tape to produce unique sound effects. These new instruments were electric or electronic, and thus they used instrument amplifiers, new technologies like multitracking changed the goal of recording, A producer could blend together multiple takes and edit together different sections to create the desired sound. For example, in jazz fusion Bandleader-composer Miles Davis album Bitches Brew, producers like Phil Spector and George Martin were soon creating recordings that were, in practical terms, almost impossible to realise in live performance. Producers became creative figures in the studio, other examples of such engineers includes Joe Meek, Teo Macero, Brian Wilson, and Biddu
8.
Live: Right Here, Right Now
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Live, Right Here, Right Now. is the first live album by American hard rock band Van Halen, released in 1993. It is the only live album featuring Sammy Hagar. The album combines songs performed over two nights in May 1992 at the Selland Arena in Fresno, CA, the bulk of the songs on this album were from the first night, such as the solos performed by Eddie Van Halen and Sammy Hagar. The album contained only four David Lee Roth era songs, and it also featured drum and bass solos and a cover of a song by The Who. As was the case with all tours with Hagar, the focused on songs from the new album, Hagars solo material. The then-current album, For Unlawful Carnal Knowledge is very well represented, the bulk of the tracks were recorded at the 1992 Fresno shows, as evidenced by both a 1992 radio presentation and the DVD live video release. Studio fixes, however, were present on the album. Says Hagar, Sammy Hagar sang four David Lee Roth era Van Halen songs on the album, Panama and Jump from 1984 and you Really Got Me is stopped before the 2 minute mark and starts Cabo Wabo, a Hagar-era song. You Really Got Me picks up again when Cabo Wabo is finished, also, during the 316 track, Eddie plays portions of three instrumentals from the Roth-led years. They include Cathedral from Diver Down, Eruption from Van Halen, the Ultra Bass track is Michael Anthonys bass solo, occasionally accompanied by Alex Van Halens drums. During his solo, Anthony plays a portion of the Fair Warning track Sunday Afternoon in the Park, all songs credited to Sammy Hagar, Edward Van Halen, Michael Anthony and Alex Van Halen and except where noted. On the German and Japanese versions of the album and in the Van Halen Box, 1986–1993, the DVD is single-sided but dual-layer format, running approximately 120 minutes long. The only non-musical items are optional subtitles or closed captioning plus a clip of each performer talking about music in general. 15 of the songs here were part of the 27 recordings from the live album with the addition of two songs which were not on the audio album, The Dream Is Over and Eagles Fly
9.
Single (music)
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In music, a single or record single is a type of release, typically a song recording of fewer tracks than an LP record, an album or an EP record. This can be released for sale to the public in a variety of different formats, in most cases, a single is a song that is released separately from an album, although it usually also appears on an album. Typically, these are the songs from albums that are released separately for promotional uses such as digital download or commercial radio airplay and are expected to be the most popular, in other cases a recording released as a single may not appear on an album. As digital downloading and audio streaming have become prevalent, it is often possible for every track on an album to also be available separately. Nevertheless, the concept of a single for an album has been retained as an identification of a heavily promoted or more popular song within an album collection. Despite being referred to as a single, singles can include up to as many as three tracks on them. The biggest digital music distributor, iTunes, accepts as many as three tracks less than ten minutes each as a single, as well as popular music player Spotify also following in this trend. Any more than three tracks on a release or longer than thirty minutes in total running time is either an Extended Play or if over six tracks long. The basic specifications of the single were made in the late 19th century. Gramophone discs were manufactured with a range of speeds and in several sizes. By about 1910, however, the 10-inch,78 rpm shellac disc had become the most commonly used format, the inherent technical limitations of the gramophone disc defined the standard format for commercial recordings in the early 20th century.26 rpm. With these factors applied to the 10-inch format, songwriters and performers increasingly tailored their output to fit the new medium, the breakthrough came with Bob Dylans Like a Rolling Stone. Singles have been issued in various formats, including 7-inch, 10-inch, other, less common, formats include singles on digital compact cassette, DVD, and LD, as well as many non-standard sizes of vinyl disc. Some artist release singles on records, a more common in musical subcultures. The most common form of the single is the 45 or 7-inch. The names are derived from its speed,45 rpm. The 7-inch 45 rpm record was released 31 March 1949 by RCA Victor as a smaller, more durable, the first 45 rpm records were monaural, with recordings on both sides of the disc. As stereo recordings became popular in the 1960s, almost all 45 rpm records were produced in stereo by the early 1970s
10.
Don't Tell Me (What Love Can Do)
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Dont Tell Me is a rock song by Van Halen from their 1995 album Balance. It is one of five singles issued for the album, and was the one to reach #1 on the Billboard Album Rock Tracks chart. The songs main theme is about the power of universal love, the story about the suicide of Nirvanas frontman, Kurt Cobain, is also told in the song. Hagar says he believes that people in trouble can be saved, that Cobain could have saved by the people around him. He wanted the song to be about hope, not what it became due to internal criticism. The music video for the song was shot in December 1994, the video tells of the young husband from the video of Cant Stop Lovin You during his prison sentence. The young man is then comforted by a man who visits him, lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics
11.
Can't Stop Lovin' You
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Cant Stop Lovin You is a song by American hard rock band Van Halen. It was released in 1995 as the single from their tenth album Balance. The song emerged after producer Bruce Fairbairn asked for a more pop-oriented song, instead of searching for his archives, Eddie Van Halen decided to write new music from scratch. The song was written by all members of Van Halen and is about everlasting love, the song pays homage to Ray Charles song I Cant Stop Loving You, particularly in the line where Sammy Hagar sings Hey Ray, what you said is true. The song was Van Halens most successful single from Balance in the United States, being the single which reached the Top 40 of the Billboard Hot 100. The song also reached #2 on the Mainstream Rock Tracks chart, #11 on the Top 40 Mainstream chart and this would be Van Halens last song to reach the Top 40 in the United States. There is also a moment in the video in which a girl mourns the loss of her dog. In the beginning of the video, it shows a man taking a gun, in the end, the video shows his wife and his son waiting for him as he leaves the prison. What he did and his time in prison are shown in the video of the song Dont Tell Me, the song was performed considerably on the 1995 Ambulance Tour with Sammy Hagar. It was featured on both Van Halen compilations Best Of – Volume I and The Best of Both Worlds, Cant Stop Lovin You Best of Both Worlds - Live When Its Love - Live One Way To Rock - live Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics
12.
Amsterdam (Van Halen song)
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Amsterdam is a rock song written by the group Van Halen for their 1995 album Balance. It was released as single to rock radio and peaked at #9 on the Billboard Hot Mainstream Rock Tracks chart during the summer of 1995. According to a 1995 interview on Dutch radio, the song is based upon Sammy Hagars tourist impression of Amsterdam, according to Everybody Wants Some, The Van Halen Saga, Eddie and Alex Van Halen didnt like the lyrics, feeling the song did their birthplace a disservice. Sammy, however, wouldnt budge, as it was about his tourist impression over the memories of the Van Halen family homeland, a music video was shot for Amsterdam in January 1995 during their promotional tour in Amsterdam, The Netherlands. They altered the lyrics for the video for airplay, but MTV still refused to play it, the altered video eventually aired on MuchMusic in Canada. Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics
13.
Sammy Hagar
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Sammy Hagar, also known as The Red Rocker, is an American rock vocalist, guitarist, songwriter, musician and entrepreneur. Hagar came to prominence in the 1970s with the rock band Montrose. He afterwards launched a solo career, scoring an enduring hit in 1984 with I Cant Drive 55. He enjoyed huge success when he replaced David Lee Roth as the lead singer of Van Halen in 1985. He returned to the band for a 2-year reunion from 2003 to 2005, on March 12,2007, Hagar was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of Van Halen. His musical style consists of hard rock and heavy metal. Also a businessman, he founded the Cabo Wabo Tequila brand and restaurant chain and his current musical projects include being the lead singer of Chickenfoot and The Circle. Samuel Hagar was named after his grandfather, Sam Roy. Hagar was born in Salinas, California, but his family moved to Fontana. Sammy Hagar graduated from Fontana High School, as a teenager, Hagar became interested in the burgeoning Southern California music scene. He fronted his first band, the Fabulous Castilles, when he was twenty. As part of a duo known as Samson & Hagar, backed by the Peppermint Trolley Company, he released a 7 single on Ranwood Records with the tracks Reach Out to Find Me and that same year, Hagar joined the Johnny Fortune Band as a vocalist and rhythm guitarist. Hagar was also a member of a string of other bands including Big Bang, Skinny, Dustcloud, Cotton, Jimmy. He next became a member of the Justice Brothers, along with guitarist Bob Anglin, keyboardist Al Shane, bassist Jeff Nicholson, the Justice Brothers were the house band at a bar called The Nightclub in San Bernardino, California, before they relocated to San Francisco. Hagars first major success came with the group Montrose, on their debut and second albums, after conflicts during a European tour with the bands founder, Ronnie Montrose, Hagar quit the group. Bassist Bill Church and drummer Denny Carmassi eventually played in Hagars backing band, after the album Paper Money, Hagar began his solo career. In the mid-1970s, Hagar started a recording and touring career to increasing success. However, Hagar felt that Carter did not play to his strengths as a heavy-metal guy, Hagar was scheduled to open for Boston in San Bernardino, California, during their 1979 world tour
14.
Marching to Mars
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Marching to Mars is Sammy Hagars first post-Van Halen solo album. It is his solo studio album. It features various musicians on different songs and it was released on MCA Records, which had by that point acquired his former label, Geffen Records. Little White Lie was a mainstream rock hit, topping the mainstream rock tracks chart for five weeks. Leaving The Warmth Of The Womb amounted to a Montrose reunion, the sessions also had a rerecording of the Montrose classic, Rock Candy, which can be found on the CD single release of Little White Lie. Kama is described by Hagar as the Sanskrit translation of love and it was written for his daughter, whom he had given the word as a name. Written while Hagar was still in Van Halen, Amnesty Is Granted was previously recorded by Meat Loaf for his album Welcome to the Neighborhood, Hagar played guitar and sang backing vocals on that version. According to Hagars autobiography, he wrote the song about being able to be with his love away from his ex-wife Betsy. Little White Lie -2,54 Salvation on Sand Hill -5,01 Who Has the Right, -5,20 Would You Do It for Free. MCA Victor, MVCE24010 Track Factory, TRD11627 Track Factory/MCA Records, TRKSD11627 Lyrics from Sammys official site link
15.
AllMusic
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AllMusic is an online music guide service website. It was launched in 1991 by All Media Guide which later became All Media Network, AllMusic was launched in 1991 by Michael Erlewine of All Media Guide. The aim was to discographic information on every artist whos made a record since Enrico Caruso gave the industry its first big boost and its first reference book was published the following year. When first released onto the Internet, AMG predated the World Wide Web and was first available as a Gopher site, the AMG consumer web properties AllMusic. com, AllMovie. com and AllGame. com were sold by Rovi in July 2013 to All Media Network, LLC. All Media Network, LLC. was formed by the founders of SideReel. com. The following are contributors to AllMusic, as of this date, All Media Network also produced the AllMusic guide series that includes the AllMusic Guide to Rock, the All Music Guide to Jazz and the All Music Guide to the Blues. Vladimir Bogdanov is the president of the series, in August 2007, PC Magazine included AllMusic in its Top 100 Classic Websites list. All Media Network AllGame AllMovie SideReel All Music Guide to the Blues All Music Guide to Jazz Stephen Thomas Erlewine Official website
16.
Entertainment Weekly
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Entertainment Weekly is an American magazine, published by Time Inc. that covers film, television, music, Broadway theatre, books and popular culture. Different from celebrity-focused publications like Us Weekly, People, and In Touch Weekly, EW primarily concentrates on entertainment media news, however, unlike Variety and The Hollywood Reporter, which are aimed at industry insiders, EW targets a more general audience. The first issue was published on February 16,1990, the cover price was $1.95 The title word entertainment was not capitalized on the cover until mid-1992 and has remained so since. By 2003, the weekly circulation averaged 1.7 million copies per week. In March 2006, managing editor Rick Tetzeli oversaw an overhaul of EWs graphics, Entertainment Weekly follows a typical magazine format by featuring a letters to the editor and table of contents in the first few pages, while also featuring advertisements. While many advertisements are unrelated to the entertainment industry, the majority of ads are typically related to up-and-coming television and these beginning articles open the magazine and as a rule focus on current events in pop culture. First Look, subtitled An early peek at some of Hollywoods coolest projects, is a spread with behind-the-scenes or publicity stills of upcoming movies. The Hit List, written each week by critic Scott Brown, highlights ten major events, Typically, there will be some continuity to the commentaries. This column was written by Jim Mullen and featured twenty events each week. The Hollywood Insider is a section that reports breaking news in entertainment. It gives details, in the columns, on the most-current news in television, movie. The Style Report is a section devoted to celebrity style. Because its focus is on celebrity fashion or lifestyle, it is rich in nature. Recently, the converted to a new format, five pictures of celebrity fashions for the week. A spin-off section, Style Hunter, which finds reader-requested articles of clothing or accessories that have appeared in pop culture recently, appears frequently. The Monitor is a two-page spread devoted to events in celebrity lives with small paragraphs highlighting events such as weddings, illnesses, arrests, court appearances. Deaths of major celebrities are typically detailed in a one-half- or full-page obituary titled Legacy and this feature is nearly identical to sister publication Peoples Passages feature. Harris column focuses on analyzing current popular-culture events, and is generally the most serious of the columns, harris has written about the writers strike and the 2008 presidential election, among other topics
17.
Rolling Stone
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Rolling Stone is an American biweekly magazine that focuses on popular culture. It was founded in San Francisco in 1967 by Jann Wenner, who is still the publisher. It was first known for its coverage and for political reporting by Hunter S. Thompson. In the 1990s, the magazine shifted focus to a readership interested in youth-oriented television shows, film actors. In recent years, it has resumed its traditional mix of content, Rolling Stone magazine was founded in San Francisco in 1967 by Jann Wenner and Ralph Gleason. To get it off the ground, Wenner borrowed $7,500 from his own family and from the parents of his soon-to-be wife, Jane Schindelheim. The first issue carried a date of November 9,1967. Some authors have attributed the name solely to Dylans hit single, At Gleasons suggestion, Rolling Stone initially identified with and reported the hippie counterculture of the era. In the very first edition, Wenner wrote that Rolling Stone is not just about the music, in the 1970s, Rolling Stone began to make a mark with its political coverage, with the likes of gonzo journalist Hunter S. Thompson writing for the magazines political section. Thompson first published his most famous work Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas within the pages of Rolling Stone, where he remained a contributing editor until his death in 2005. In the 1970s, the magazine also helped launch the careers of prominent authors, including Cameron Crowe, Lester Bangs, Joe Klein, Joe Eszterhas, Patti Smith. It was at point that the magazine ran some of its most famous stories. One interviewer, speaking for a number of his peers, said that he bought his first copy of the magazine upon initial arrival on his college campus. In 1977, the magazine moved its headquarters from San Francisco to New York City, editor Jann Wenner said San Francisco had become a cultural backwater. During the 1980s, the magazine began to shift towards being an entertainment magazine. Music was still a dominant topic, but there was increasing coverage of celebrities in television, films, the magazine also initiated its annual Hot Issue during this time. Rolling Stone was initially known for its coverage and for Thompsons political reporting. In the 1990s, the changed its format to appeal to a younger readership interested in youth-oriented television shows, film actors
18.
Warner Bros. Records
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Warner Bros. Records was established on March 19,1958, as the recorded-music division of the American film studio Warner Bros. For most of its existence it was one of a group of labels owned and operated by larger parent corporations. The sequence of companies that controlled Warner Bros. and its allied labels evolved through a series of corporate mergers. Over this period, Warner Bros. Records grew from a minor player in the music industry to become one of the top recording labels in the world. In 2003, these assets were divested by their then owner Time Warner. This independent company traded as the Warner Music Group before being bought by Access Industries in 2011, WMG is the smallest of the three major international music conglomerates and the worlds last publicly traded major music company. Cameron Strang serves as CEO of the company, artists currently signed to Warner Bros. At the end of the silent movie period, Warner Bros, pictures decided to expand into publishing and recording so that it could access low-cost music content for its films. This new group controlled valuable copyrights on standards by George and Ira Gershwin and Jerome Kern, the label signed rising radio and recording stars Bing Crosby, Mills Brothers, and Boswell Sisters. In December 1931, Warner Bros. offloaded Brunswick to the American Record Corporation for a fraction of its former value, in a lease arrangement which did not include Brunswicks pressing plants. Warner Bros. sold Brunswick a second time, this time along with the old Brunswick pressing plants Warner owned, to Decca Records in exchange for a financial interest in Decca. The studio stayed out of the business for more than 25 years. Warner Bros. reëntered the record business in 1958 with the establishment of its own recording division, by this time, the established Hollywood studios were reeling from multiple challenges to their former dominance - the most notable being the introduction of television in the late 1940s. Legal changes also had a impact on their business—lawsuits brought by major stars had effectively overthrown the old studio contract system by the late 1940s. Pictures sold off much of its library in 1948 and, beginning in 1949. Semenenko in particular had a professional interest in the entertainment business. With the record business booming - sales had topped US$500 million by 1958 - Semnenko argued that it was foolish for Warner Bros, another impetus for the labels creation was the brief music career of Warner Bros. actor Tab Hunter. In 1958, the studio signed Hunter as its first artist to its newly formed record division, to establish the label, the company hired former Columbia Records president James B
19.
Billboard 200
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The Billboard 200 is a record chart ranking the 200 most popular music albums and EPs in the United States, published weekly by Billboard magazine. It is frequently used to convey the popularity of an artist or groups of artists, often, a recording act will be remembered by its number ones, those of their albums that outperformed all others during at least one week. The chart is based mostly on sales of albums in the United States, the weekly sales period was originally Monday to Sunday when Nielsen started tracking sales in 1991, but since July 2015, tracking week begins on Friday and ends on Thursday. A new chart is published the following Tuesday with an issue post-dated to the Saturday of the following week, the charts streaming schedule is also tracked from Friday to Thursday. Example, Friday January 1 – sales tracking week begins Thursday January 7 – sales tracking week ends Tuesday January 12 – new chart published, New product is released to the American market on Fridays. Digital downloads of albums are included in Billboard 200 tabulation. Albums that are not licensed for sale in the United States are not eligible to chart. As of the issue dated April 15,2017, the album on the Billboard 200 is More Life by Drake. Billboard began an album chart in 1945, initially only five positions long, the album chart was not published on a weekly basis, sometimes three to seven weeks passing before it was updated. A biweekly, 15-position Best-Selling Popular Albums chart appeared in 1955, the position count varied anywhere from 10 to 30 albums. The first number-one album on the new weekly list was Belafonte by Harry Belafonte, the chart was renamed to Best-Selling Pop Albums later in 1956, and then to Best-Selling Pop LPs in 1957. Beginning on May 25,1959, Billboard split the ranking into two charts Best-Selling Stereophonic LPs for stereo albums and Best-Selling Monophonic LPs for mono albums and these were renamed to Stereo Action Charts and Mono Action Charts in 1960. In January 1961, they became Action Albums—Stereophonic and Action Albums—Monophonic, three months later, they became Top LPs—Stereo and Top LPs—Monaural. On August 17,1963 the stereo and mono charts were combined into a 150-position chart called Top LPs, on April 1,1967, the chart was expanded to 175 positions, then finally to 200 positions on May 13,1967. In 1960, Billboard began concurrently publishing album charts which ranked sales of older or mid-priced titles and these Essential Inventory charts were divided by stereo and mono albums, and featured titles that had already appeared on the main stereo and mono album charts. In January 1961, the Action Charts became Action Albums—Monophonic, Albums appeared on either chart for up to nine weeks, then were moved to an Essential Inventory list of approximately 200 titles, with no numerical ranking. This list continued to be published until the consolidated Top LPs chart debuted in 1963, in 1982, Billboard began publishing a Midline Albums chart which ranked older or mid-priced titles. The chart held 50 positions and was published on a bi-weekly basis, on May 25,1991, Billboard premiered the Top Pop Catalog Albums chart
20.
George Marino
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George Marino was born on April 15,1947 in the New York City borough of the Bronx. He attended Christopher Columbus High School there and learned to play the saxophone, in 1967, Marino landed his first job in the industry as a librarian and assistant at Capitol Studios. Soon after, he apprenticed in the mastering department alongside of Joe Lansky, cutting rock, pop, jazz, there, in 1968, he met his future wife, Rose Gross, whom he married in 1973. Gross became Clive Davis assistant in 1974, a few months before Davis started Arista Records, during his time at Capitol, Marino mastered such classics as The Beatles 7 single of Hey Jude and John Lennon & Plastic Ono Bands Live Peace in Toronto 1969. There he became established with projects such as Don McLean’s American Pie, Alice Coopers Billion Dollar Babies, Gregg Allmans Laid Back, and Stevie Wonders Talking Book and Innervisions. Lee Hulko, one of the owners of Sterling Sound, saw Marinos success and asked him to work at Sterling. After Chris Stone, the owner of the Record Plant went to LA, Marino had more management duties, eventually, Marino took Hulko up on his offer and he headed to Sterling Sound in 1973 to work in a room that Hulko had built for him. From 1973, until his death in 2012, Marino worked at Sterling Sound, in 1998, Ted Jensen, Greg Calbi and Tom Coyne, along with Murat Aktar and UK based Metropolis, purchased Sterling from previous owner, Lee Hulko. Marino was the most senior mastering engineer, Sterling Sound is located in New York City, occupying the top floor of the Chelsea Market in the Meatpacking District. Marinos studio is one of the three surround sound studios at Sterling and it was designed by Fran Manzella, FM Design. Marinos room became one of the few mastering suites in the industry, if not the only one, Marino, along with Chris Muth and Sterling techs Barry Wolifson and Phil Sztenderowicz, turned Marinos mastering console into an 8 channel A/B preview console. This design made possible presetting console parameters from song to song and this type of design was common in mastering houses during vinyls heyday, but what made this one different was the ability to also process 6 discrete channels for surround sound. George Marino mastered many of John Lennons and Yoko Onos albums, Marino received his first and only Grammy for Arcade Fires The Suburbs, the year before he died. In 2002, mastering engineers became eligible to win Grammys
21.
Eddie Van Halen
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Edward Lodewijk Eddie Van Halen is a Dutch-American musician, songwriter and producer. He is best known as the lead guitarist, occasional keyboardist and he is considered one of the most influential guitarists in the history of rock music. In 2011, Rolling Stone Magazine ranked Van Halen number eight in the list of the 100 Greatest Guitarists, in 2012, he was voted number one in a Guitar World magazine readers poll for The 100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time. Born in Nijmegen, Netherlands, Edward Lodewijk van Halen is the son of Dutch father, Jan van Halen, a clarinetist, saxophonist, and pianist, Van Halens middle name, Lodewijk, is after composer Ludwig van Beethoven, Lodewijk being the Dutch equivalent of Ludwig. He continued this tradition by naming his son Wolfgang Van Halen after composer Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, in February 1962, the Van Halen family moved to the United States, settling in Pasadena, California. Both Eddie and his brother, Alex, are naturalized U. S. citizens. The Van Halen brothers learned to play the piano as children starting at the age of six and they commuted from Pasadena to San Pedro to study with an elderly man, Stasys Kalvaitis who taught them classical piano. Although they hated the commute, they continued as their mother would discipline them if they refused to go, Van Halen revealed in an interview that he never could read the music. Instead, he learned from watching and listening, during recitals of Bach or Mozart, he would simply wing it. From 1964 through 1967, Edward won first place in the piano competition held at Long Beach City College. Afterward, the judges would comment that he had an interpretation of the classical piece. I thought I was playing it correctly, however, according to one interview, playing the piano did not prove to be challenging or interesting to him. Consequently, while Alex began playing the guitar, Eddie bought a drum kit, after Eddie heard Alexs performance of The Surfaris drum solo in the song Wipe Out, he decided to switch instruments and began learning how to play the electric guitar. According to Eddie Van Halen, as a teen, he would often practice while walking around at home with his guitar strapped on or sitting in his room for hours with the door locked. Van Halen acknowledged the importance of super group Creams Im So Glad on Goodbye Cream to be mind-blowing and he once claimed that he had learned almost all of Eric Claptons solos in the band Cream. note for note. Ive always said Eric Clapton was my influence, Van Halen said. Van Halen would later say that this was when he first felt the desire to become a professional musician, in 1972, Van Halen formed another band, originally called Genesis. The name was changed to Mammoth when Van Halen became aware of the English progressive rock band of the same name, Mammoth consisted of Van Halen on guitar and lead vocals, his brother Alex on drums and bass guitarist Mark Stone
22.
Guitar World
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Guitar World is a monthly music magazine devoted to guitarists, published since July 1980. It contains original interviews, album and gear reviews, and guitar, the magazine is published 13 times per year. Formerly owned by Harris Publications, Future US bought the magazine in 2003, in 2012, NewBay Media bought the Music division of Future US. The latter company also published a title, Guitar Legends. Guitar World website 100 Greatest Guitar Solos Guitar World Interviews Past and Present
23.
U2
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U2 are an Irish rock band from Dublin formed in 1976. The group consists of Bono, the Edge, Adam Clayton, initially rooted in post-punk, U2s sound grew to incorporate influences from many genres of popular music, yet has maintained an anthemic sound. Their lyrics, often embellished with spiritual imagery, focus on personal themes, popular for their live performances, the group has staged several ambitious and elaborate tours over their career. The band formed at Mount Temple Comprehensive School in 1976 when the members were teenagers with limited musical proficiency, within four years, they signed with Island Records and released their debut album Boy. Subsequent work such as their first UK number-one album War, by the mid-1980s, they had become renowned globally for their live act, highlighted by their performance at Live Aid in 1985. The groups fifth album, The Joshua Tree, made them international superstars and was their greatest critical and commercial success. Topping music charts around the world, it produced their only number-one singles in the US, With or Without You, facing a backlash and creative stagnation, U2 reinvented themselves in the 1990s through a new musical direction and public image. This experimentation continued through their album, Pop, and the PopMart Tour. U2 regained critical and commercial favour with the records All That You Cant Leave Behind and How to Dismantle an Atomic Bomb and their U2 360° Tour of 2009–2011 is the highest-attended and highest-grossing concert tour in history. The groups thirteenth album, Songs of Innocence, was released at no cost through the iTunes Store, U2 have released 13 studio albums and are one of the worlds best-selling music artists of all time, having sold more than 170 million records worldwide. They have won 22 Grammy Awards, more than any other band, Rolling Stone ranked U2 at number 22 on its list of the 100 Greatest Artists of All Time. The band formed in Dublin on 25 September 1976, Larry Mullen Jr. then a 14-year-old student at Mount Temple Comprehensive School, posted a note on the schools notice board in search of musicians for a new band—six people responded. Mullen later described it as The Larry Mullen Band for about ten minutes, then Bono walked in and blew any chance I had of being in charge. Martin, who had brought his guitar and amplifier to the first practice but could not play, did not remain with the group, the group settled on the name Feedback because it was one of the few technical terms they knew. Most of their material consisted of cover songs, which the band admitted was not their forte. Some of the earliest influences on the band were emerging punk rock acts, such as the Jam, the Clash, Buzzcocks, the popularity of punk rock convinced the group that musical proficiency was not a prerequisite to being successful. In April 1977, Feedback played their first gig for an audience at St. Fintans High School. Shortly after, the changed their name to The Hype
24.
Alex Van Halen
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Alexander Arthur Alex Van Halen is a Dutch-American musician, best known as the drummer and co-founder of the hard rock band Van Halen. Originally, his brother Eddie played drums, while Alex practiced guitar, after spending time playing Eddies drum kit, Alex became more skillful at the drums than Eddie. In 1974, the Van Halen brothers, David Lee Roth and they were signed to Warner Brothers in 1977 and released their debut album in 1978. The two brothers are the members of Van Halen who have been in the band for its entire duration. Alexander Arthur Van Halen was born in Nijmegen and his Dutch father Jan was an accomplished jazz saxophonist and clarinet player. His mother Eugenia van Beers was an Indo from Rangkasbitung, Indonesia and he spent his childhood in Nijmegen in the east of the country. The family moved to Pasadena, California in 1962, both Alex and his younger brother, Eddie, are naturalized U. S. citizens. Both Alex and Eddie Van Halen were trained as classical pianists in their childhood, although Alex is known as a professional drummer, he began his musical aspirations as a guitarist, with his brother Eddie taking up drums. While Eddie was delivering newspapers to pay for his drum kit, when Eddie heard Alexs mastery of The Surfaris drum solo in the song Wipe Out, he decided to learn to play the electric guitar. Alex was influenced by Budgie drummer Ray Phillips, in 1971, Alex graduated from Pasadena High School in California. He then took classes in theory, scoring, composition. While attending Pasadena City College, Alex met Michael Anthony and David Lee Roth and they formed the band Mammoth, and Alex, along with the others, left Pasadena City College. Alex had several bands with Eddie before Van Halen came to be. Names of these bands include The Broken Combs, The Space Brothers, The Trojan Rubber Company. In 1972, Alex and Eddie formed Mammoth with Mark Stone on bass, the band rented David Lee Roths PA system for their shows. Soon after, Edward became tired of singing lead vocals, later, in 1974, since the name Mammoth was already taken by another band, the name was changed to Van Halen, and Stone was replaced by Michael Anthony. Roth has claimed that it was his idea to rename the band Van Halen, in addition to his musical duties at this time, Alex handled managerial duties, such as booking gigs, etc. for the band. Their 1978 self-titled debut album Van Halen was released to much fanfare, although the term brown sound is generally associated with Eddies guitar, it was actually coined by Alex to refer to the sound of his snare drum
25.
Van Halen (album)
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Van Halen is the self-titled debut studio album by American hard rock band Van Halen. Released on February 10,1978, the peaked at number 19 on the Billboard 200. The album became widely recognized as the popularity grew, selling more than ten million copies in the United States by 1999. In 1976, Van Halen started recording demos for their first studio album, although Van Halen recorded a demo in 1976 with Gene Simmons, no labels discovered these recordings until the following year. Guitarist Eddie Van Halen was not convinced of the quality of the material because they could not record the recordings with their own equipment. Simmons had to leave to tour with Kiss after recording the demos, after recording the demos, Van Halen was offered several concerts. At a sold-out show in their hometown, Pasadena, the future manager, Marshall Berle. He and musical entrepreneur Kim Fowley paired them with rock band Venus. After being well received by Berle at Whisky a Go Go, Ostin and Templeman were impressed with the bands performance at the Starwood, and Van Halen proceeded to sign a contract with Warner Bros. The recordings of their debut album began in October 1977 and lasted three weeks. Together with producer Ted Templeman, the album was recorded live. Runnin with the Devil, Jamies Cryin and Ice Cream Man contain guitar overdubs, overall, the album cost approximately $40,000 to produce. The subsequent tour began with the opening for Journey, along with Montrose. Later it was with Black Sabbath again by United States and Europe, the cover photos for Van Halen were taken at the Whisky a Go Go, a Los Angeles club at which Van Halen often performed during the mid-1970s. The guitar pictured on the cover of the album is Eddie Van Halens famous Frankenstrat Guitar, a Fender prototype replica of which is now housed in the Smithsonian Institution. In the United States, Van Halen reached number 19 on the Billboard Hot 100, their debut single, a cover of The Kinks You Really Got Me, spent three weeks on the chart, peaking at number 36. Soon after its February 1978 release, Van Halen became regarded by fans and critics as one of rock and rolls greatest debut albums, however, its initial critical reception was mostly negative. In 1978, music critic Robert Christgau gave the album a review, writing
26.
Seesaw
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A seesaw is a long, narrow board supported by a single pivot point, most commonly located at the midpoint between both ends, as one end goes up, the other goes down. Mechanically, a seesaw is a lever and fulcrum, the most common playground design of seesaw features a board balanced in the center. A person sits on each end, and they take turns pushing their feet against the ground to lift their side into the air, playground seesaws usually have handles for the riders to grip as they sit facing each other. One problem with the design is that if a child allows himself/herself to hit the ground suddenly after jumping, or exits the seesaw at the bottom. For this reason, seesaws are often mounted above a surface such as foam or wood chips. Seesaws also are manufactured in shapes designed to look like other things, such as airplanes, helicopters, seesaws, and the eagerness of children to play with them, are sometimes used to aid in mechanical processes. For example, at the Gaviotas community in Colombia, a seesaw is connected to a water pump. Seesaws go by different names around the world. Seesaw, or its variant see-saw, is a direct Anglicisation of the French ci-ça, meaning literally, this-that, the term may also be attributable to the repetitive motion of a saw. It may have its origins in a combination of scie – the French word for saw with the Anglo-Saxon term saw, in most of the United States, a seesaw is also called a teeter-totter. According to linguist Peter Trudgill, the term originates from the Nordic language word tittermatorter, a teeter-totter may also refer to a two-person swing on a swing seat, on which two children sit facing each other and the teeter-totter swings back and forth in a pendulum motion. Both teeter-totter and seesaw demonstrate the process called reduplication, where a word or syllable is doubled. Reduplication is typical of words that indicate repeated activity, such as riding up, in the southeastern New England region of the United States, it is sometimes referred to as a tilt or a tilting board. Speakers in northeastern Massachusetts, United States, sometimes call them teedle boards, in the Narragansett Bay area the term changes to dandle or dandle board. This pattern suggests a New England term that spread down the coast, hickey-horse in the coastal regions of North Carolina is consistent with other linguistic and ethnic variations
27.
Denver
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Denver, officially the City and County of Denver, is the capital and most populous municipality of the U. S. state of Colorado. Denver is in the South Platte River Valley on the edge of the High Plains just east of the Front Range of the Rocky Mountains. The Denver downtown district is immediately east of the confluence of Cherry Creek with the South Platte River, Denver is nicknamed the Mile-High City because its official elevation is exactly one mile above sea level, making it the highest major city in the United States. The 105th meridian west of Greenwich, the reference for the Mountain Time Zone. Denver is ranked as a Beta- world city by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network. With a 2015 estimated population of 682,545, Denver ranks as the 19th-most populous U. S. city, and with a 2. 8% increase in 2015, the city is also the fastest-growing major city in the United States. The 10-county Denver-Aurora-Lakewood, CO Metropolitan Statistical Area had an estimated 2015 population of 2,814,330 and ranked as the 19th most populous U. S. metropolitan statistical area. The 12-city Denver-Aurora, CO Combined Statistical Area had an estimated 2015 population of 3,418,876, which ranks as the 16th most populous U. S. metropolitan area. Denver is the most populous city of the 18-county Front Range Urban Corridor, Denver is the most populous city within a 500-mile radius and the second-most populous city in the Mountain West after Phoenix, Arizona. In 2016, Denver was named the best place to live in the USA by U. S. News & World Report and this was the first historical settlement in what was later to become the city of Denver. The site faded quickly, however, and by the summer of 1859 it was abandoned in favor of Auraria, Larimer named the townsite Denver City to curry favor with Kansas Territorial Governor James W. Denver. Larimer hoped the name would help make it the county seat of Arapaho County but, unbeknownst to him. The location was accessible to existing trails and was across the South Platte River from the site of seasonal encampments of the Cheyenne, the site of these first towns is now the site of Confluence Park near downtown Denver. Larimer, along with associates in the St. Charles City Land Company, sold parcels in the town to merchants and miners, Denver City was a frontier town, with an economy based on servicing local miners with gambling, saloons, livestock and goods trading. In the early years, land parcels were often traded for grubstakes or gambled away by miners in Auraria, in May 1859, Denver City residents donated 53 lots to the Leavenworth & Pikes Peak Express in order to secure the regions first overland wagon route. Offering daily service for passengers, mail, freight, and gold, in 1863, Western Union furthered Denvers dominance of the region by choosing the city for its regional terminus. The Colorado Territory was created on February 28,1861, Arapahoe County was formed on November 1,1861, Denver City served as the Arapahoe County Seat from 1861 until consolidation in 1902. In 1867, Denver City became the territorial capital, with its newfound importance, Denver City shortened its name to Denver
28.
Wolfgang Van Halen
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Wolfgang William Van Halen is an American musician. He is the bassist for Van Halen, having replaced Michael Anthony in 2006 and he is also the former bassist for the heavy metal band Tremonti. Named in homage to the classical composer Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, he is the son of guitarist Eddie Van Halen and actress Valerie Bertinelli, and the nephew of drummer Alex Van Halen. Wolfgang has said that he did not know his father was a musician until he started picking up CDs. Following the completion of the 2007/2008 Van Halen tour, Wolfgang headed back to school, hoping to graduate in the summer of 2009, Wolfgang appears as the bassist for Van Halen in Guitar Hero, Van Halen. Wolfgang had an impact on his fathers career from the very beginning of his life. The instrumental 316 was named in his honor, after Wolfgangs birthday, for a 13-year period ending in 2004, Eddie Van Halen collaborated with Peavey on a line of guitars, the Wolfgang series, named after his son. In 2008, his father named a custom guitar after him and he always watched the rehearsals of Eddie, and at times would try to play his uncles drum kit. Wolfgang started playing drums at the age of nine, and then his father gave him a set of drums for his tenth birthday, some time later he moved on to guitar and bass. He can also play keyboards and figure out by ear. Wolfgang later began actively participating in the band and he also made guest appearances during some dates of Van Halens 2004 tour, appearing during his fathers extended guitar solo spot and playing 316 with him. In late 2006, in an interview with Guitar World, Eddie Van Halen confirmed that Wolfgang would replace Michael Anthony as Van Halens bassist, Wolfgang first toured with Van Halen in his new capacity in 2007. In August 2010, Van Halen announced that they would record a new album, in early 2008, Wolfgang appeared on the cover of the April issue of Guitar World with his father, in the magazines first father-son issue. Wolfgang recorded his first album with Van Halen, A Different Kind of Truth, the album was released on February 7,2012. On September 10,2012, Alter Bridge and Creed guitarist Mark Tremonti announced that Wolfgang would be filling in for Brian Marshall as bassist for the first tour of Tremontis eponymous band, Tremontis first album, All I Was, was released on July 17 of that year. Wolfgang became a member of Tremonti in 2013, replacing previous bassist Brian Marshall. He appears on the bands 2015 studio album Cauterize and its 2016 follow-up Dust, in a February 2015 interview with the National Museum of American History, Eddie Van Halen indicated that Wolfgang is working on a solo album. Wolfgang started playing the bass as his father started asking if he wanted to play with him and his style was described by Eddie as a rhythm bassist, like I’m a rhythm guitarist and a bassist put together
29.
Leonardo da Vinci
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He has been variously called the father of palaeontology, ichnology, and architecture, and is widely considered one of the greatest painters of all time. Sometimes credited with the inventions of the parachute, helicopter and tank, many historians and scholars regard Leonardo as the prime exemplar of the Universal Genius or Renaissance Man, an individual of unquenchable curiosity and feverishly inventive imagination. Much of his working life was spent in the service of Ludovico il Moro in Milan. He later worked in Rome, Bologna and Venice, and he spent his last years in France at the home awarded to him by Francis I of France, Leonardo was, and is, renowned primarily as a painter. Among his works, the Mona Lisa is the most famous and most parodied portrait, Leonardos drawing of the Vitruvian Man is also regarded as a cultural icon, being reproduced on items as varied as the euro coin, textbooks, and T-shirts. Perhaps fifteen of his paintings have survived, Leonardo is revered for his technological ingenuity. He conceptualised flying machines, a type of armoured fighting vehicle, concentrated power, an adding machine. Some of his inventions, however, such as an automated bobbin winder. A number of Leonardos most practical inventions are nowadays displayed as working models at the Museum of Vinci. He made substantial discoveries in anatomy, civil engineering, geology, optics, and hydrodynamics, today, Leonardo is widely considered one of the most diversely talented individuals ever to have lived. Leonardo was born on 15 April 1452 at the hour of the night in the Tuscan hill town of Vinci. He was the son of the wealthy Messer Piero Fruosino di Antonio da Vinci, a Florentine legal notary, and Caterina. Leonardo had no surname in the modern sense – da Vinci simply meaning of Vinci, his birth name was Lionardo di ser Piero da Vinci, meaning Leonardo. The inclusion of the title ser indicated that Leonardos father was a gentleman, little is known about Leonardos early life. He spent his first five years in the hamlet of Anchiano in the home of his mother and his father had married a sixteen-year-old girl named Albiera Amadori, who loved Leonardo but died young in 1465 without children. When Leonardo was sixteen, his father married again to twenty-year-old Francesca Lanfredini, pieros legitimate heirs were born from his third wife Margherita di Guglielmo and his fourth and final wife, Lucrezia Cortigiani. Leonardo received an education in Latin, geometry and mathematics. In later life, Leonardo recorded only two childhood incidents, one, which he regarded as an omen, was when a kite dropped from the sky and hovered over his cradle, its tail feathers brushing his face
30.
Vitruvian Man
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The Vitruvian Man, or simply LUomo Vitruviano, is a drawing by Leonardo da Vinci around 1490. It is accompanied by notes based on the work of the architect Vitruvius, the drawing, which is in pen and ink on paper, depicts a man in two superimposed positions with his arms and legs apart and inscribed in a circle and square. The drawing and text are called the Canon of Proportions or, less often. It is kept in the Gabinetto dei disegni e stampe of the Gallerie dellAccademia, in Venice, Italy, like most works on paper, it is displayed to the public only occasionally. The drawing is based on the correlations of ideal human proportions with geometry described by the ancient Roman architect Vitruvius in Book III of his treatise De architectura, Vitruvius described the human figure as being the principal source of proportion among the classical orders of architecture. Vitruvius determined that the body should be eight heads high. Leonardos drawing is traditionally named in honor of the architect and this image demonstrates the blend of mathematics and art during the Renaissance and demonstrates Leonardos deep understanding of proportion. In addition, this represents a cornerstone of Leonardos attempts to relate man to nature. He believed the workings of the body to be an analogy for the workings of the universe. According to Leonardos preview in the text, written in mirror writing. The text is in two parts, above and below the image, the maximum width of the shoulders is a quarter of the height of a man. From the breasts to the top of the head is a quarter of the height of a man, the distance from the elbow to the tip of the hand is a quarter of the height of a man. The distance from the elbow to the armpit is one-eighth of the height of a man, the length of the hand is one-tenth of the height of a man. The root of the penis is at half the height of a man, the foot is one-seventh of the height of a man. From below the foot to below the knee is a quarter of the height of a man, from below the knee to the root of the penis is a quarter of the height of a man. The distances from below the chin to the nose and the eyebrows, the points determining these proportions are marked with lines on the drawing. Leonardo is clearly illustrating Vitruvius De architectura 3.1, the length of the foot is one sixth of the height of the body, of the forearm, one fourth, and the breadth of the breast is also one fourth. The other members, too, have their own symmetrical proportions, similarly, in the members of a temple there ought to be the greatest harmony in the symmetrical relations of the different parts to the general magnitude of the whole
31.
For Unlawful Carnal Knowledge
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For Unlawful Carnal Knowledge is the ninth studio album by American hard rock band Van Halen, released in 1991 on Warner Bros. It debuted at number 1 on the Billboard 200 album chart, the albums title came from lead singer Sammy Hagar, who wanted to push the issue of censorship with naming Van Halens album with a vulgarity, stating, Thats when censorship was a big issue. I wanted to name the album just Fuck and their tour promoting the album was unofficially named F. U. C. K. Prior to recording, the term for unlawful carnal knowledge was first used by the band Coven as a track on their album Witchcraft Destroys Minds & Reaps Souls in 1969, Van Halen started work on the album in March 1990 and finished in April 1991. The album itself was marketed as the return to Van Halens hard rock roots, with most songs being guitar driven, and this can be prominently heard on Right Now, the most popular song from the album and likely from the Van Hagar era. The band also reconciled with producer Ted Templeman who produced earlier Van Halen albums to return to work on the album, according to Eddie Van Halen, this happened because singer Sammy Hagar did not want to work with Andy Johns and Templeman let him get away with everything. The year-long production led to the labored sound and this was the first album that Eddie recorded without his trademark Marshall Super Lead serving as the primary amplifier. The Marshall was fading, so Eddie went with his 1989 Soldano SLO-100 to record the album primarily, a prototype for what would become the Peavey 5150 series of custom amplifiers was also used. Peaveys release of the 5150 series coincided with the release of the album, Poundcake featured the sound of a battery operated power drill, which Eddie held to the pickups of his guitar and revved, creating the intro. The song Top of the World features a riff that was first heard during the outro of the 1984-era hit Jump, for this reason, Top of the World is frequently played directly after Jump and appears immediately after it on the Best of Both Worlds compilation. The instrumental 316 is named for the March 16 birthday of Eddies son Wolfgang, reviews for the album are mixed. Rolling Stones John Milward rated it two out of five stars, explaining that it is so stuffed with zigzagging guitars and blustery vocals that it almost forgets to rock. Eddie Van Halen, who probably has more guitars than teeth, tasteful simplicity, which is never really simple at all, would have proved a better course to follow. He concluded that the guitars are busier, the beats are heavier, Van Halen has chops to burn, but For Unlawful Carnal Knowledge, like its lumbering opening track and first single, Poundcake, is stale. A retrospective review by AllMusics Stephen Thomas Erlewine was still mixed, however, he also stated that it was undeniable that limited vocal power had a great deal to do with the obvious nature of most of this music. Unfortunately, its far more likely that the name merely indicates VHs love of the kind of bathroom talk that third graders think is funny. For Unlawful Carnal Knowledge doesnt contain even one mind-numbingly catchy melody, in his Consumer Guide, Robert Christgau gave the album a dud rating. All tracks written by Eddie Van Halen, Michael Anthony, Sammy Hagar and Alex Van Halen
32.
Toronto
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Toronto is the most populous city in Canada and the provincial capital of Ontario. With a population of 2,731,571, it is the fourth most populous city in North America after Mexico City, New York City, and Los Angeles. A global city, Toronto is a centre of business, finance, arts, and culture. Aboriginal peoples have inhabited the area now known as Toronto for thousands of years, the city itself is situated on the southern terminus of an ancient Aboriginal trail leading north to Lake Simcoe, used by the Wyandot, Iroquois, and the Mississauga. Permanent European settlement began in the 1790s, after the broadly disputed Toronto Purchase of 1787, the British established the town of York, and later designated it as the capital of Upper Canada. During the War of 1812, the town was the site of the Battle of York, York was renamed and incorporated as the city of Toronto in 1834, and became the capital of the province of Ontario during the Canadian Confederation in 1867. The city proper has since expanded past its original borders through amalgamation with surrounding municipalities at various times in its history to its current area of 630.2 km2. While the majority of Torontonians speak English as their primary language, Toronto is a prominent centre for music, theatre, motion picture production, and television production, and is home to the headquarters of Canadas major national broadcast networks and media outlets. Toronto is known for its skyscrapers and high-rise buildings, in particular the tallest free-standing structure in the Western Hemisphere. The name Toronto is likely derived from the Iroquois word tkaronto and this refers to the northern end of what is now Lake Simcoe, where the Huron had planted tree saplings to corral fish. A portage route from Lake Ontario to Lake Huron running through this point, in the 1660s, the Iroquois established two villages within what is today Toronto, Ganatsekwyagon on the banks of the Rouge River and Teiaiagonon the banks of the Humber River. By 1701, the Mississauga had displaced the Iroquois, who abandoned the Toronto area at the end of the Beaver Wars, French traders founded Fort Rouillé on the current Exhibition grounds in 1750, but abandoned it in 1759. During the American Revolutionary War, the region saw an influx of British settlers as United Empire Loyalists fled for the British-controlled lands north of Lake Ontario, the new province of Upper Canada was in the process of creation and needed a capital. Dorchester intended the location to be named Toronto, in 1793, Governor John Graves Simcoe established the town of York on the Toronto Purchase lands, instead naming it after Prince Frederick, Duke of York and Albany. Simcoe decided to move the Upper Canada capital from Newark to York, the York garrison was constructed at the entrance of the towns natural harbour, sheltered by a long sandbar peninsula. The towns settlement formed at the end of the harbour behind the peninsula, near the present-day intersection of Parliament Street. In 1813, as part of the War of 1812, the Battle of York ended in the towns capture, the surrender of the town was negotiated by John Strachan. US soldiers destroyed much of the garrison and set fire to the parliament buildings during their five-day occupation, the sacking of York was a primary motivation for the Burning of Washington by British troops later in the war
33.
Canada
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Canada is a country in the northern half of North America. Canadas border with the United States is the worlds longest binational land border, the majority of the country has a cold or severely cold winter climate, but southerly areas are warm in summer. Canada is sparsely populated, the majority of its territory being dominated by forest and tundra. It is highly urbanized with 82 per cent of the 35.15 million people concentrated in large and medium-sized cities, One third of the population lives in the three largest cities, Toronto, Montreal and Vancouver. Its capital is Ottawa, and other urban areas include Calgary, Edmonton, Quebec City, Winnipeg. Various aboriginal peoples had inhabited what is now Canada for thousands of years prior to European colonization. Pursuant to the British North America Act, on July 1,1867, the colonies of Canada, New Brunswick and this began an accretion of provinces and territories to the mostly self-governing Dominion to the present ten provinces and three territories forming modern Canada. With the Constitution Act 1982, Canada took over authority, removing the last remaining ties of legal dependence on the Parliament of the United Kingdom. Canada is a parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy, with Queen Elizabeth II being the head of state. The country is officially bilingual at the federal level and it is one of the worlds most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, the product of large-scale immigration from many other countries. Its advanced economy is the eleventh largest in the world, relying chiefly upon its abundant natural resources, Canadas long and complex relationship with the United States has had a significant impact on its economy and culture. Canada is a country and has the tenth highest nominal per capita income globally as well as the ninth highest ranking in the Human Development Index. It ranks among the highest in international measurements of government transparency, civil liberties, quality of life, economic freedom, Canada is an influential nation in the world, primarily due to its inclusive values, years of prosperity and stability, stable economy, and efficient military. While a variety of theories have been postulated for the origins of Canada. In 1535, indigenous inhabitants of the present-day Quebec City region used the word to direct French explorer Jacques Cartier to the village of Stadacona, from the 16th to the early 18th century Canada referred to the part of New France that lay along the St. Lawrence River. In 1791, the area became two British colonies called Upper Canada and Lower Canada collectively named The Canadas, until their union as the British Province of Canada in 1841. Upon Confederation in 1867, Canada was adopted as the name for the new country at the London Conference. The transition away from the use of Dominion was formally reflected in 1982 with the passage of the Canada Act, later that year, the name of national holiday was changed from Dominion Day to Canada Day
34.
Michael Anthony (musician)
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Michael Anthony Sobolewski, known professionally as Michael Anthony, is an American musician who is currently the bass player in the rock supergroup Chickenfoot. Anthony is best known as the bass player for the hard rock band Van Halen. He also has a signature Yamaha bass-guitar series, in total, Anthony is known to have in excess of 150 bass guitars. In addition to his career with Van Halen and other acts, Anthony markets a line of hot sauces. While Anthony was a catcher in baseball, he also competed on the Dana Junior High School track team. He took an interest in guitar as a teenager, but picked up the bass instead since most of his friends already played guitar or drums. Anthonys friend Mike Hershey gave him a Fender Mustang electric guitar that Anthony converted by removing the two highest strings and playing it as a bass guitar, eventually, his father bought him a Victoria copy of a Fender Precision Bass and a Gibson amplifier. Anthony mostly modeled his bass playing after Jack Bruce of Cream and his first band was called Povertys Children. Other bands he played in included Black Opal, Balls, although Anthony is naturally left-handed, he plays right-handed. Snake, a group featuring Anthony on lead vocals and bass guitar, was the last band in which Anthony played before joining Van Halen. Snake played covers of ZZ Top, Lynyrd Skynyrd, and Foghat and they played several of the same types of gigs as did the Van Halen brothers band Mammoth. Snake even once opened for Mammoth at a show at Pasadena High School, mammoths PA failed that night, so Anthony lent them Snakes PA. While attending Pasadena City College, Anthony pursued a degree in music, Eddie Van Halen also took classes there and they would often see each other on campus. During this time, bass player Mark Stone parted ways with Mammoth, Anthony was impressed by their skill during subsequent jam sessions even though he had seen the brothers play before. After the session, the Van Halen brothers asked Anthony to join their band, one story claims that he said he had to think about it and consulted Snake guitarist Tony Caggiano who advised Anthony to join Van Halen. However, according to Michael Anthonys web site, when asked if he wanted to join Mammoth and this has become the accepted version of events. In 1974, Eddie Van Halen, Alex Van Halen, David Lee Roth and Anthony became known as Van Halen and they were signed to Warner Brothers in 1977 and released their self-titled debut album on February 8,1978. The band released a total of ten albums from 1978–1995
35.
Keyboard instrument
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A keyboard instrument is a musical instrument played using a keyboard. The most common of these are the piano, organ, and various keyboards, including synthesizers. Other keyboard instruments include celestas, which are struck idiophones operated by a keyboard, and carillons, today, the term keyboard often refers to keyboard-style synthesizers. Another important use of the keyboard is in historical musicology. Particularly in the 18th century, the harpsichord, the clavichord, and the piano were in competition. Hence in a phrase like Mozart excelled as a player the word keyboard is usefully noncommittal. The earliest known keyboard instrument was the Ancient Greek hydraulis, a type of pipe organ, the keys were likely balanced and could be played with a light touch, as is clear from the reference in a Latin poem by Claudian, who says magna levi detrudens murmura tactu. Intent, that is “let him thunder forth as he presses out mighty roarings with a light touch”, from its invention until the fourteenth century, the organ remained the only keyboard instrument. Often, the organ did not feature a keyboard at all, almost every keyboard until the fifteenth century had seven naturals to each octave. The clavichord and the harpsichord appeared during the 14th century—the clavichord probably being earlier, the harpsichord and clavichord were both common until widespread adoption of the piano in the 18th century, after which their popularity decreased. The piano was revolutionary, because a pianist could vary the volume of the sound by varying the vigor with which each key was struck. The pianos full name is gravicèmbalo con piano e forte meaning harpsichord with soft and loud but can be shortened to piano-forte, which means soft-loud in Italian. In its current form, the piano is a product of the late 19th century, in fact, the modern piano is significantly different from even the 19th-century pianos used by Liszt, Chopin, and Brahms. See Piano history and musical performance, keyboard instruments were further developed in the early twentieth century. Early electromechanical instruments, such as the Ondes Martenot, appeared early in the century and this was a very important contribution to the keyboards history. Much effort has gone into creating an instrument that sounds like the piano but lacks its size, the electric piano and electronic piano were early efforts that, while useful instruments in their own right, did not convincingly reproduce the timbre of the piano. Electric and electronic organs were developed during the same period, more recent electronic keyboard designs strive to emulate the sound of specific make and model pianos using digital samples and computer models. Concerns celebrated keyboard players and the various instruments used over the centuries
36.
Backing vocalist
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Backing vocalists are singers who provide vocal harmony with the lead vocalist or other backing vocalists. In some cases, a singer may sing alone as a lead-in to the main vocalists entry or to sing a counter-melody. Backing vocalists are used in a range of popular music, traditional music. Solo artists may employ professional backing vocalists in studio recording sessions as well as during concerts, in many rock and metal bands, the musicians doing backup vocals also play instruments, such as guitar, electric bass, drums, or keyboards. In Latin or Afro-Cuban groups, backup singers may play percussion instruments or shakers while singing, in some pop and hip-hop groups and in musical theater, the backup singers may be required to perform elaborately choreographed dance routines while they sing through headset microphones. The style of singing used by backup singers varies according to the type of song, in pop and country songs, backup vocalists may perform vocal harmony parts to support the lead vocalist. In hardcore punk or rockabilly, other members who play instruments may sing or shout backup vocals during the chorus section of the songs. While some bands use performers whose sole on-stage role is performing backing vocals, two notable examples of band members who sang back-up are The Beach Boys and The Beatles. The Beach Boys were well known for their vocal harmonies, occasionally with all five members singing at once such as In My Room. All five members would sing lead, although most often Brian Wilson or Mike Love would sing lead with guitarists Carl Wilson and Al Jardine, examples of three-part harmonies by Lennon, McCartney and Harrison include Nowhere Man, Because, Day Tripper, and This Boy. Former guitarist John Frusciante of the Red Hot Chili Peppers sang nearly all backing vocals often singing some parts without accompaniment from lead vocalist Anthony Kiedis, the bands bassist Flea occasionally filled in for additional vocals. Frusciante usually sang one song by himself during concerts, another example is No Frontiers by The Corrs, which is sung by Sharon and Caroline. In the recording studio, some lead singers record their own backing vocals by overdubbing, one famous example is Freddie Mercury of Queen singing the first part of Bohemian Rhapsody himself by overdubbing. With the exception of a few songs on album, Dan Fogelberg, Eddie Rabbitt, David Bowie. Some bands, such as Hawthorne Heights and Finch have the backup singers do harsh vocals to highlight specific lyrics. Pop and R&B vocalists such as Diana Ross, Ariana Grande, Mariah Carey, Michael Jackson, Janet Jackson, Beyoncé Knowles, Brandy, Faith Evans, DAngelo, when they perform live, they may have backing vocalists that impersonate their voices. Some bands use backing vocals in order to contrast with the singer who may be performing an unusual vocal technique. In rap music, a rapper who chants and rhymes to support the main artist is often referred to as hype man
