The Bandung Great Fire refers to the deliberate burning of much of the southern side of the city of Bandung by retreating Indonesian Republican troops during the Indonesian National Revolution.

Bandung is the capital city of the West Java province of Indonesia. Located on the island of Java, Greater Bandung is the country's second-largest and second most populous metropolitan area, with over 11 million inhabitants. Situated 768 meters above sea level, approximately 140 kilometres southeast of Jakarta, Bandung has cooler year-round temperatures than most other Indonesian cities. The city lies in a river basin surrounded by volcanic mountains that provide a natural defence system, which was the primary reason for the Dutch East Indies government's plan to move the capital from Batavia to Bandung. Bandung metropolitan is also ASEAN's 9th largest economy after of Hanoi.