1.
Newspaper
–
A newspaper is a serial publication containing news about current events, other informative articles about politics, sports, arts, and so on, and advertising. A newspaper is usually, but not exclusively, printed on relatively inexpensive, the journalism organizations that publish newspapers are themselves often metonymically called newspapers. As of 2017, most newspapers are now published online as well as in print, the online versions are called online newspapers or news websites. Newspapers are typically published daily or weekly, News magazines are also weekly, but they have a magazine format. General-interest newspapers typically publish news articles and feature articles on national and international news as well as local news, typically the paper is divided into sections for each of those major groupings. Papers also include articles which have no byline, these articles are written by staff writers, a wide variety of material has been published in newspapers. As of 2017, newspapers may also provide information about new movies, most newspapers are businesses, and they pay their expenses with a mixture of subscription revenue, newsstand sales, and advertising revenue. Some newspapers are government-run or at least government-funded, their reliance on advertising revenue, the editorial independence of a newspaper is thus always subject to the interests of someone, whether owners, advertisers, or a government. Some newspapers with high editorial independence, high quality. This is a way to avoid duplicating the expense of reporting from around the world, circa 2005, there were approximately 6,580 daily newspaper titles in the world selling 395 million print copies a day. Worldwide annual revenue approached $100 billion in 2005-7, then plunged during the financial crisis of 2008-9. Revenue in 2016 fell to only $53 billion, hurting every major publisher as their efforts to gain online income fell far short of the goal. Besides remodeling advertising, the internet has also challenged the business models of the era by crowdsourcing both publishing in general and, more specifically, journalism. In addition, the rise of news aggregators, which bundle linked articles from online newspapers. Increasing paywalling of online newspapers may be counteracting those effects, the oldest newspaper still published is the Gazzetta di Mantova, which was established in Mantua in 1664. While online newspapers have increased access to newspapers by people with Internet access, literacy is also a factor which prevents people who cannot read from being able to benefit from reading newspapers. Periodicity, They are published at intervals, typically daily or weekly. This ensures that newspapers can provide information on newly-emerging news stories or events, currency, Its information is as up to date as its publication schedule allows
Newspaper
–
Front page of
The New York Times on
Armistice Day, 11 November 1918.
Newspaper
–
Journalism
Newspaper
–
Title page of Carolus'
Relation from 1609, the earliest newspaper
Newspaper
–
Diario de Pernambuco, founded in November 1825 is the second oldest circulating newspaper in South America, after
El Peruano, founded in October of that same year.
2.
Broadsheet
–
A broadsheet is the largest newspaper format and is characterized by long vertical pages. The term derives from types of popular prints usually just of a sheet, sold on the streets and containing various types of material. The first broadsheet newspaper was the Dutch Courante uyt Italien, Duytslandt, other common newspaper formats include the smaller Berliner and tabloid/compact formats. Many broadsheets measure approximately 29 1⁄2 by 23 1⁄2 inches per full broadsheet spread, australian and New Zealand broadsheets always have a paper size of A1 per spread. South African broadsheet newspapers have a spread sheet size of 820 by 578 mm or 32.3 by 22.8 in. Others measure 22 inches or 560 millimetres vertically, in the United States, the traditional dimensions for the front page half of a broadsheet are 15 inches wide by 22 3⁄4 inches long. However, in efforts to save newsprint costs many U. S. newspapers have downsized to 12 inches wide by 22 3⁄4 inches long for a folded page. Many rate cards and specification cards refer to the size with dimensions representing the front page half of a broadsheet size, rather than the full. Some quote actual page size and others quote the area size. The two versions of the broadsheet are, Full broadsheet – The full broadsheet typically is folded vertically in half so that it forms four pages, the four pages are called a spread. Half broadsheet – The half broadsheet is usually a page that is not folded vertically and just includes a front. In uncommon instances, an entire newspaper can be a two-page half broadsheet or four-page full broadsheet, totally self-contained advertising circulars inserted in a newspaper in the same format are referred to as broadsheets. Broadsheets typically are also folded horizontally in half to accommodate newsstand display space, the horizontal fold however does not affect the page numbers and the content remains vertical. The most important newspaper stories are placed above the fold and this contrasts with tabloids which typically do not have a horizontal fold. The broadsheet has since emerged as the most popular format for the dissemination of printed news, historically, broadsheets developed after the British in 1712 placed a tax on newspapers based on the number of their pages. The original purpose of the broadsheet, or broadside, was for the purpose of posting royal proclamations, acts, eventually the people began using the broadsheet as a source for political activism by reprinting speeches, ballads or narrative songs originally performed by bards. With the early mechanization of the 19th century came an increase in production of printed materials including the broadside as well as the penny dreadful. In this period all over Europe began to print their issues on broadsheets
Broadsheet
–
A broadsheet newspaper
Broadsheet
–
Comparison of some newspaper sizes with metric paper sizes. Approximate nominal dimensions are in millimetres.
3.
Stock Exchange of Thailand
–
The Stock Exchange of Thailand is the national stock exchange of Thailand. As of 31 January 2015, the Stock Exchange of Thailand had 584 listed companies with a market capitalization of 15,030 billion baht or 460 billion USD. The indices of the exchange are the SET Index, SET50 Index. The indexs all-time high was 1,789 in January 1994, the modern Thai capital market developed in two phases. The privately owned Bangkok Stock Exchange operated from 1962 to the early 1970s, the Second National Economic and Social Development Plan established the Securities Exchange of Thailand to mobilize funds to support industrialization and economic development. This was the countrys first officially sanctioned, supervised, and regulated securities market, the Thai stock market began in July 1962 when a private group established an organized stock exchange as a limited partnership. The group later became a company and changed its name to the Bangkok Stock Exchange Co. Ltd. in 1963. Despite its well-intended foundation, the BSE was insufficiently active, annual turnover was only 160 million baht in 1968, and 114 million baht in 1969. Trading volumes continued to fall sharply thereafter, to 46 million baht in 1970 and 28 million baht in 1971, the turnover in debentures reached 87 million baht in 1972, but stocks continued to perform poorly, with turnover hitting an all-time low of only 26 million baht. The BSE finally ceased operations in the early 1970s and it is thought that the BSE failed because of a lack of official government support and a limited investor understanding of the equity market. Despite the failure of the BSE, the concept of an orderly, officially supported securities market in Thailand attracted considerable attention. The Second National Economic and Social Development Plan proposed, for the first time a plan for the establishment of such a market, with appropriate facilities and procedures for securities trading. In 1969, as recommended by the World Bank, the government acquired the services of Professor Sidney M. Robbins from Columbia University to study the development channels of the Thai capital market, Professor Robbins had previously served as chief economist at the United States Securities and Exchange Commission. A year later, in 1970, Professor Robbins produced a report entitled A Capital Market in Thailand. This report became the plan for the future development of the Thai capital market. The changes extended government control and regulation over the operations of finance and securities companies, following these amendments, in May 1974, long-awaited legislation establishing the Securities Exchange of Thailand was enacted. This was followed by revisions to the code at the end of the year. By 1975, the legislative framework was in place and on 30 April 1975
Stock Exchange of Thailand
–
The Stock Exchange of Thailand SET
4.
English language
–
English /ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ/ is a West Germanic language that was first spoken in early medieval England and is now the global lingua franca. Named after the Angles, one of the Germanic tribes that migrated to England, English is either the official language or one of the official languages in almost 60 sovereign states. It is the third most common language in the world, after Mandarin. It is the most widely learned second language and a language of the United Nations, of the European Union. It is the most widely spoken Germanic language, accounting for at least 70% of speakers of this Indo-European branch, English has developed over the course of more than 1,400 years. The earliest forms of English, a set of Anglo-Frisian dialects brought to Great Britain by Anglo-Saxon settlers in the century, are called Old English. Middle English began in the late 11th century with the Norman conquest of England, Early Modern English began in the late 15th century with the introduction of the printing press to London and the King James Bible, and the start of the Great Vowel Shift. Through the worldwide influence of the British Empire, modern English spread around the world from the 17th to mid-20th centuries, English is an Indo-European language, and belongs to the West Germanic group of the Germanic languages. Most closely related to English are the Frisian languages, and English, Old Saxon and its descendent Low German languages are also closely related, and sometimes Low German, English, and Frisian are grouped together as the Ingvaeonic or North Sea Germanic languages. Modern English descends from Middle English, which in turn descends from Old English, particular dialects of Old and Middle English also developed into a number of other English languages, including Scots and the extinct Fingallian and Forth and Bargy dialects of Ireland. English is classified as a Germanic language because it shares new language features with other Germanic languages such as Dutch, German and these shared innovations show that the languages have descended from a single common ancestor, which linguists call Proto-Germanic. Through Grimms law, the word for foot begins with /f/ in Germanic languages, English is classified as an Anglo-Frisian language because Frisian and English share other features, such as the palatalisation of consonants that were velar consonants in Proto-Germanic. The earliest form of English is called Old English or Anglo-Saxon, in the fifth century, the Anglo-Saxons settled Britain and the Romans withdrew from Britain. England and English are named after the Angles, Old English was divided into four dialects, the Anglian dialects, Mercian and Northumbrian, and the Saxon dialects, Kentish and West Saxon. Through the educational reforms of King Alfred in the century and the influence of the kingdom of Wessex. The epic poem Beowulf is written in West Saxon, and the earliest English poem, Modern English developed mainly from Mercian, but the Scots language developed from Northumbrian. A few short inscriptions from the period of Old English were written using a runic script. By the sixth century, a Latin alphabet was adopted, written with half-uncial letterforms and it included the runic letters wynn ⟨ƿ⟩ and thorn ⟨þ⟩, and the modified Latin letters eth ⟨ð⟩, and ash ⟨æ⟩
English language
–
The opening to the Old English epic poem
Beowulf,
handwritten in
half-uncial script: Hƿæt ƿē Gārde/na ingēar dagum þēod cyninga / þrym ge frunon... "Listen! We of the Spear-Danes from days of yore have heard of the glory of the folk-kings..."
English language
–
Countries of the world where English is a majority native language
English language
–
Title page of Geoffrey Chaucer's
Canterbury Tales c.1400
5.
Khlong Toei
–
Khlong Toei is a district in central Bangkok, long known for its slum. It is bordered by the Chao Phraya River and contains major port facilities and it is also the site of a major market, the Khlong Toei Market. Neighboring districts are, Watthana, Phra Khanong, Amphoe Phra Pradaeng of Samut Prakan Province, Yan Nawa, Sathon, and Pathum Wan. The area has a history dating back to the century as a port to cities upstream along the Chao Phraya River. Khlong Thanon Trong was a khlong and a road built by King Mongkut around 1857. Later, different sections of the canal known as Khlong Toei. Khlong Toei means the canal of pandan, as the plant grew along the bank of the canal. The road was renamed Rama IV Road by King Vajiravudh in 1919, in 1947, a large portion of Khlong Toei canal was filled to expand the Rama IV Road surface. The area was part of the Phra Khanong District. Originally Khlong Toei consisted of six sub-districts, three of which formed the new Watthana District. The district is divided into three sub-districts, from west to east, these are, Khlong Toei is both the name of a sub-district and the district in which it lies. Phra Khanong is both a sub-district of Khlong Toei and a district on its own, with only sub-district Bang Chak, furthermore, all three sub-districts listed above have counterparts with the addition of nuea in Watthana District. Khlong Toei Port, also known as Bangkok Port, was Thailands only major port for sea transportation of cargo and its construction began in 1938 and finished after World War II. The port is on the Chao Phraya River, not far from the Gulf of Thailand, due to its limited capacity and traffic problems caused by semi-trailer trucks, much of its shipping operation has moved to Laem Chabang Port in Chonburi Province since it was opened in July 1981. Places of interest include, Bangkok Planetarium Science Centre for Education Tamnak Plai Noen, stock Exchange of Thailand Building The Emporium, a luxury shopping center. Nana Plaza, a center for prostitution with go-go and hostess bars. Queen Sirikit National Convention Center, served by the Bangkok Metro station of the same name, benjakitti Park, a public park next to the convention center. It includes a lake and is on land that was occupied by the Tobacco Monopoly
Khlong Toei
–
Cranes of Khlong Toei harbour
Khlong Toei
–
Khet location in
Bangkok
Khlong Toei
–
The Emporium
Khlong Toei
–
Benjasiri Park
6.
Bangkok
–
Bangkok is the capital and most populous city of Thailand. It is known in Thai as Krung Thep Maha Nakhon or simply Krung Thep. The city occupies 1,568.7 square kilometres in the Chao Phraya River delta in Central Thailand, over 14 million people live within the surrounding Bangkok Metropolitan Region, making Bangkok an extreme primate city, significantly dwarfing Thailands other urban centres in terms of importance. Bangkok was at the heart of the modernization of Siam—later renamed Thailand—during the late 19th century, the city grew rapidly during the 1960s through the 1980s and now exerts a significant impact on Thailands politics, economy, education, media and modern society. The Asian investment boom in the 1980s and 1990s led many multinational corporations to locate their headquarters in Bangkok. The city is now a regional force in finance and business. It is a hub for transport and health care, and has emerged as a regional centre for the arts, fashion. The city is known for its vibrant street life and cultural landmarks. The historic Grand Palace and Buddhist temples including Wat Arun and Wat Pho stand in contrast with other tourist attractions such as the scenes of Khaosan Road. Bangkok is among the top tourist destinations. It is named the most visited city in MasterCards Global Destination Cities Index, Bangkoks rapid growth amidst little urban planning and regulation has resulted in a haphazard cityscape and inadequate infrastructure systems. The city has turned to public transport in an attempt to solve this major problem. Five rapid transit lines are now in operation, with more systems under construction or planned by the national government and the Bangkok Metropolitan Administration. The history of Bangkok dates at least back to the early 15th century, because of its strategic location near the mouth of the river, the town gradually increased in importance. Bangkok initially served as a customs outpost with forts on both sides of the river, and became the site of a siege in 1688 in which the French were expelled from Siam. After the fall of Ayutthaya to the Burmese Empire in 1767, the newly declared King Taksin established his capital at the town, in 1782, King Phutthayotfa Chulalok succeeded Taksin, moved the capital to the eastern banks Rattanakosin Island, thus founding the Rattanakosin Kingdom. The City Pillar was erected on 21 April, which is regarded as the date of foundation of the present city, Bangkoks economy gradually expanded through busy international trade, first with China, then with Western merchants returning in the early-to-mid 19th century. As the capital, Bangkok was the centre of Siams modernization as it faced pressure from Western powers in the late 19th century, Bangkok became the centre stage for power struggles between the military and political elite as the country abolished absolute monarchy in 1932
Bangkok
–
Clockwise from top:
Wat Benchamabophit (Marble Temple),
Giant Swing,
Wat Arun,
Ananta Samakhom Throne Hall, view over
Lumpini Park area at night, and
Wat Phra Kaeo
Bangkok
–
Map of 17th-century Bangkok, from
Simon de la Loubère 's Du Royaume de Siam
Bangkok
–
The city's ceremonial name (partially visible) is displayed in front of the Bangkok City Hall. On the building is the BMA seal bearing an image of Indra riding Erawan.
Bangkok
–
The Bangkok city proper is highlighted in this satellite image of the lower Chao Phraya delta. Notice the built-up urban area along the Chao Phraya River, which extends northward and southward into Nonthaburi and Samut Prakan Provinces.
7.
Thailand
–
Thailand, officially the Kingdom of Thailand, formerly known as Siam, is a country at the centre of the Indochinese peninsula in Southeast Asia. With a total area of approximately 513,000 km2, Thailand is the worlds 51st-largest country and it is the 20th-most-populous country in the world, with around 66 million people. The capital and largest city is Bangkok, Thailand is a constitutional monarchy and has switched between parliamentary democracy and military junta for decades, the latest coup being in May 2014 by the National Council for Peace and Order. Its capital and most populous city is Bangkok and its maritime boundaries include Vietnam in the Gulf of Thailand to the southeast, and Indonesia and India on the Andaman Sea to the southwest. The Thai economy is the worlds 20th largest by GDP at PPP and it became a newly industrialised country and a major exporter in the 1990s. Manufacturing, agriculture, and tourism are leading sectors of the economy and it is considered a middle power in the region and around the world. The country has always been called Mueang Thai by its citizens, by outsiders prior to 1949, it was usually known by the exonym Siam. The word Siam has been identified with the Sanskrit Śyāma, the names Shan and A-hom seem to be variants of the same word. The word Śyâma is possibly not its origin, but a learned, another theory is the name derives from Chinese, Ayutthaya emerged as a dominant centre in the late fourteenth century. The Chinese called this region Xian, which the Portuguese converted into Siam, the signature of King Mongkut reads SPPM Mongkut King of the Siamese, giving the name Siam official status until 24 June 1939 when it was changed to Thailand. Thailand was renamed Siam from 1945 to 11 May 1949, after which it reverted to Thailand. According to George Cœdès, the word Thai means free man in the Thai language, ratcha Anachak Thai means kingdom of Thailand or kingdom of Thai. Etymologically, its components are, ratcha, -ana- -chak, the Thai National Anthem, written by Luang Saranupraphan during the extremely patriotic 1930s, refers to the Thai nation as, prathet Thai. The first line of the anthem is, prathet thai ruam lueat nuea chat chuea thai, Thailand is the unity of Thai flesh. There is evidence of habitation in Thailand that has been dated at 40,000 years before the present. Similar to other regions in Southeast Asia, Thailand was heavily influenced by the culture and religions of India, Thailand in its earliest days was under the rule of the Khmer Empire, which had strong Hindu roots, and the influence among Thais remains even today. Voretzsch believes that Buddhism must have been flowing into Siam from India in the time of the Indian Emperor Ashoka of the Maurya Empire, later Thailand was influenced by the south Indian Pallava dynasty and north Indian Gupta Empire. The Menam Basin was originally populated by the Mons, and the location of Dvaravati in the 7th century, the History of the Yuan mentions an embassy from the kingdom of Sukhothai in 1282
Thailand
–
The ruins of
Wat Chaiwatthanaram at
Ayutthaya.
Thailand
–
Flag
Thailand
–
Stupas,
Ayutthaya Historical Park.
Thailand
–
Pottery discovered near
Ban Chiang in Udon Thani Province, the earliest dating to 2100 BCE.
8.
Thai baht
–
The baht is the currency of Thailand. It is subdivided into 100 satang, the issuance of currency is the responsibility of the Bank of Thailand. According to SWIFT, as of October 2014, the Thai baht ranked as the tenth most frequently used world payment currency, the Thai baht, like the pound, originated from a traditional unit of mass. These were pieces of solid silver cast to various weights corresponding to a system of units related by simple fractions and multiples. However, coins denominated in the old units were issued until 1910, until 27 November 1902, the baht was fixed on a purely silver basis, with 15 grams of silver to the baht. This caused the value of the currency to vary relative to currencies on a gold standard, in 1857, the values of certain foreign silver coins were fixed in law, with the one baht =0.6 Straits dollar and five baht = seven Indian rupees. Before 1880 the exchange rate was fixed at eight baht per pound sterling, falling to 10 to the pound during the 1880s. In 1902, the government began to increase the value of the baht by following all increases in the value of silver against gold but not reducing it when the silver price fell. Beginning at 21.75 baht = one pound sterling, the rose in value until, in 1908. This was revised to 12 baht in 1919 and then, after a period of instability, during World War II, the baht was fixed at a value of one Japanese yen. From 1956 until 1973, the baht was pegged to the U. S. dollar at a rate of 20.8 baht = one dollar. A strengthening US economy caused Thailand to re-peg its currency at 25 to the dollar from 1984 until 2 July 1997, the baht was floated and halved in value, reaching its lowest rate of 56 to the dollar in January 1998. It has since risen to about 30 per dollar, the baht was originally known to foreigners by the term tical, which was used in English language text on banknotes until 1925. Rama III was the first king to consider the use of a flat coin and he did so not for the convenience of traders, but because he was disturbed that the creatures living in the cowrie shells were killed. When he learned of the use of copper coins in Singapore in 1835, he contacted a Scottish trader. The name of the put on these first coins was Muang Thai. Cowrie shells from the Mekong River had been used as currency for small amounts since the Sukhothai period,1860, Thailand did not produce coins using modern methods. Instead, a so-called bullet coinage was used, consisting of bars of metal, thicker in the middle,1 gold baht was generally worth 16 silver baht
Thai baht
–
Baht banknotes and coins issued by the Bank of Thailand.
9.
Thai Rath
–
Thai Rath is a daily newspaper in the Thai published in Bangkok and distributed nationwide. The paper is a broadsheet published with two sections, the first section is devoted to news. Although the news section is best known for its sensationalist coverage of crime and accidents, it includes stories on Thai politics, economy. The second section features coverage of sport and entertainment, Thai Rath is the oldest newspaper in the native language. Thai Rath is the newspaper in Thailand, claiming a circulation in excess of one million copies daily. Thai Rath was founded on 25 December 1962 by Kampol Wacharapol, Kampol had started two other newspapers, Khaopap Raiwan, which was published between 1950 and 1958, when the newspaper was shut down by the government
Thai Rath
10.
Office of Strategic Services
–
The Office of Strategic Services was a wartime intelligence agency of the United States during World War II, and a predecessor of the modern Central Intelligence Agency. The OSS was formed as an agency of the Joint Chiefs of Staff to coordinate espionage activities behind enemy lines for all branches of the United States Armed Forces, other OSS functions included the use of propaganda, subversion, and post-war planning. It had no direction, coordination, or control. The US Army and US Navy had separate code-breaking departments, Signal Intelligence Service, the FBI was responsible for domestic security and anti-espionage operations. President Franklin D. Roosevelt was concerned about American intelligence deficiencies, Colonel Donovan was employed to evaluate the global military position to offer suggestions concerning American intelligence requirements because the U. S. did not have a central intelligence agency. Thereafter the organization was developed with British assistance, Donovan had responsibilities but no actual powers, until some months after Pearl Harbor, the bulk of OSS intelligence came from the UK. The British immediately made available their short-wave broadcasting capabilities to Europe, Africa, during the war, the OSS supplied policymakers with facts and estimates, but the OSS never had jurisdiction over all foreign intelligence activities. The FBI was left responsible for work in Latin America. At the height of its influence during World War II, the OSS employed almost 24,000 people, OSS officer Archimedes Patti played a central role in OSS operations in French Indochina and met frequently with Ho Chi Minh in 1945. One of the greatest accomplishments of the OSS during World War II was its penetration of Nazi Germany by OSS operatives, the OSS was responsible for training German and Austrian individuals for missions inside Germany. Some of these agents included exiled communists and Socialist party members, labor activists, anti-Nazi prisoners-of-war, the OSS also recruited and ran one of the wars most important spies, the German diplomat Fritz Kolbe. In 1943, the Office of Strategic Services set up operations in Istanbul, turkey, as a neutral country during the Second World War, was a place where both the Axis and Allied powers had spy networks. The railroads connecting central Asia with Europe as well as Turkeys close proximity to the Balkan states placed it at a crossroads of intelligence gathering, the goal of the OSS Istanbul operation called Project Net-1 was to infiltrate and extenuate subversive action in the old Ottoman and Austro-Hungarian Empires. Head of operations at OSS Istanbul was a banker from Chicago named Lanning Packy Macfarland who maintained the story as a banker for the American lend-lease program. Macfarland hired Alfred Schwarz, a Czechoslovakian engineer and businessman who came to be known as Dogwood, Dogwood in turn hired a personal assistant named Walter Arndt and established himself as an employee of the Istanbul Western Electrik Kompani. Through Schwartz and Arndt the OSS was able to infiltrate anti-fascist groups in Austria, Hungary, through this process information about the Nazi regime made its way to Macfarland and the OSS in Istanbul and eventually to Washington. While the OSS Dogwood-chain produced a lot of information, its reliability was increasingly questioned by British intelligence, eventually by May 1944 through collaboration between the OSS, British intelligence, Cairo and Washington the entire Dogwood-chain was found to be unreliable and dangerous. Planting phony information into the OSS was intended to misdirect the resources of the Allies, schwartzs Dogwood-chain, which was the largest American intelligence gathering tool in occupied territory, was shortly thereafter shut down
Office of Strategic Services
–
General
William J. Donovan reviews Operational Group members in
Bethesda, Maryland prior to their departure for China in 1945.
Office of Strategic Services
–
OSS insignia
Office of Strategic Services
–
OSS missions and bases in
East Asia
Office of Strategic Services
–
OSS 1st Lieutenant
George Musulin behind enemy lines in German-occupied Serbia, as a
Chetnik, during his first mission in November 1943. His second mission was
Operation Halyard.
11.
Diplomatic missions of Russia
–
This is a list of diplomatic missions of Russia. These missions are subordinate to the Russian Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Russian Federation has one of the largest networks of embassies and consulates of any country. Russia has significant interests in Eastern Europe, the Near East, Russia established several consulates in the United States and Canada to cater to Russian immigrants. In 1917, the Tsarist government vanished, consuls in seven U. S. cities and three Canadian cities maintained tsarist loyalties and received financing from the U. S. government. The consuls stopped their services in the late 1920s, the U. S. government seized the records of the consulates, the seizure started a long dispute. The National Archives and Records Administration received the documents in 1949, in 1980 the U. S. government loaned the documents of the Canadian consulates to the Library and Archives Canada. On 31 January 1990 the U. S. returned the documents to the Soviet Union, after 1992, due to financial reasons, embassies in Maseru, Niamey, Ouagadougou, and Port Moresby were closed. In 1995 the embassy in Paramaribo also suspended operations, since Georgia and Russia severed diplomatic relations in 2008, the Swiss embassy in Tbilisi hosts a Russian interests section. C
Diplomatic missions of Russia
–
Embassy of Russia in
Asmara
Diplomatic missions of Russia
–
Russian diplomatic missions
Diplomatic missions of Russia
–
Embassy of Russia in
Belgrade
Diplomatic missions of Russia
–
Embassy of Russia in
Berlin
12.
United States Department of State
–
The Department was created in 1789 and was the first executive department established. The Department is headquartered in the Harry S Truman Building located at 2201 C Street, NW, the Department operates the diplomatic missions of the United States abroad and is responsible for implementing the foreign policy of the United States and U. S. diplomacy efforts. The Department is also the depositary for more than 200 multilateral treaties, the Department is led by the Secretary of State, who is nominated by the President and confirmed by the Senate and is a member of the Cabinet. The current Secretary of State is Rex Tillerson, beginning 1 February 2017, the Secretary of State is the first Cabinet official in the order of precedence and in the presidential line of succession, after the President pro tempore of the Senate. This legislation remains the law of the Department of State. In September 1789, additional legislation changed the name of the agency to the Department of State and these responsibilities grew to include management of the United States Mint, keeper of the Great Seal of the United States, and the taking of the census. President George Washington signed the new legislation on September 15, most of these domestic duties of the Department of State were eventually turned over to various new Federal departments and agencies that were established during the 19th century. On September 29,1789, President Washington appointed Thomas Jefferson of Virginia, then Minister to France, from 1790 to 1800, the State Department had its headquarters in Philadelphia, the capital of the United States at the time. It occupied a building at Church and Fifth Streets, in 1800, it moved from Philadelphia to Washington, D. C. where it first occupied the Treasury Building and then the Seven Buildings at 19th Street and Pennsylvania Avenue. It moved into the Six Buildings in September 1800, where it remained until May 1801 and it moved into the War Office Building due west of the White House in May 1801. It occupied the Treasury Building from September 1819 to November 1866 and it then occupied the Washington City Orphan Home from November 1866 to July 1875. It moved to the State, War, and Navy Building in 1875, since May 1947, it has occupied the Harry S. Truman Building in the Foggy Bottom neighborhood of Washington, the State Department is therefore sometimes metonymically referred to as Foggy Bottom. Madeleine Albright became the first woman to become the United States Secretary of State, condoleezza Rice became the second female secretary of state in 2005. Hillary Rodham Clinton became the female secretary of state when she was appointed in 2009. In 2014, the State Department began expanding into the Navy Hill Complex across 23rd Street NW from the Truman Building, the Executive Branch and the U. S. Congress have constitutional responsibilities for U. S. foreign policy. Within the Executive Branch, the Department of State is the lead U. S, the Department advances U. S. objectives and interests in the world through its primary role in developing and implementing the Presidents foreign policy. It also provides an array of important services to U. S. citizens, the total Department of State budget, together with Other International Programs, costs about 45 cents a day for each resident of the United States. Keeping the public informed about U. S. foreign policy and relations with other countries, providing automobile registration for non-diplomatic staff vehicles and the vehicles of diplomats of foreign countries having diplomatic immunity in the United States
United States Department of State
–
Harry S Truman Building, headquarters of the U.S. State Department since 1947
United States Department of State
–
Seal of the U.S. Department of State
United States Department of State
–
Secretary of State
John Kerry
United States Department of State
–
Organizational chart of the U.S. Department of State as of March 2014
13.
Peter Arnett
–
Peter Gregg Arnett, ONZM is a New Zealand-born journalist holding both New Zealand and US citizenship. Arnett worked for National Geographic magazine, and later for television networks. He is known for his coverage the Vietnam War and the Gulf War and he was awarded the 1966 Pulitzer Prize in International Reporting for his work in Vietnam from 1962 to 1975, mostly reporting for the Associated Press. In 1994, Arnetts book Live from the Battlefield, From Vietnam to Baghdad,35 Years in the Worlds War Zones was published, in March 1997, Arnett interviewed Osama bin Laden. The journalism school at the Southern Institute of Technology that was named after him closed in 2015, some of Arnetts early days in journalism were in Southeast Asia, particularly Bangkok. He started out running a small English-language newspaper in Laos in 1960, eventually, he made his way to Vietnam where he became a reporter for the Associated Press, based in Saigon. Writing articles such as Death of Supply Column 21 attracted the ire of the American government and he accompanied troops on dozens of missions, including the traumatic battle of Hill 875, in which a detachment was sent to rescue another unit that was stranded in hostile territory. The rescuers themselves were killed during the operation. Arnett got into writing in an unvarnished manner when reporting stories of ordinary soldiers. Arnetts writing was criticized as negative. General William Westmoreland, President Lyndon B. Johnson and others in power pressured AP to get rid of or transfer Arnett and he was talking about the decision by allied commanders to bomb and shell the town regardless of civilian casualties, to rout the Vietcong. The quotation was distorted in subsequent publications, eventually becoming the more familiar, the accuracy of the original quotation and its source have often been called into question. Arnett never revealed his source, except to say that it was one of four officers he interviewed that day, US Army Major Phil Cannella, the senior officer present at Bến Tre, suggested that the quotation might have been a distortion of something he said to Arnett. The New Republic at the time attributed the quotation to US Air Force Major Chester L. Brown, in Walter Cronkites 1971 book, Eye on the World, Arnett reasserted that the quotation was something one American major said to me in a moment of revelation. Arnett was one of the last western reporters in Saigon after its capture by the Vietnam Peoples Army, occupying soldiers showed him how they had entered the city. Arnett was the writer of a CBC-produced 1980 26-part mini-series documentary, Vietnam and they continued on to a Jalalabad hideaway of approximately fifty rebels. The trip came to an end when Healy fell into the Kunar River, later, Arnett would recount the story to Artyom Borovik who was covering the Soviet side of the war. Arnett worked for CNN for 18 years ending in 1999, during the Gulf War, he became a household name worldwide when he became the only reporter with live coverage directly from Baghdad
Peter Arnett
–
Peter Arnett
14.
Roy Thomson, 1st Baron Thomson of Fleet
–
Roy Herbert Thomson, 1st Baron Thomson of Fleet, GBE was a Canadian newspaper proprietor who became one of the moguls of Fleet Street. He first came to prominence when he was selling radios in Ontario and he then moved into newspapers, buying The Scotsman as a salute to his Scottish ancestors, followed by the first Scottish independent television channel. By 1966, he owned both The Times and The Sunday Times, Roy Thomson was born on June 5,1894 in Toronto, Ontario, the son of Herbert Thomson, a telegraphist turned barber who worked at Torontos Grosvenor Hotel, and English-born Alice Coombs. They lived at 32 Monteith Street, off Church Street, Herbert was born in Toronto to parents Hugh Thomson and Mary Nichol Sylvester. Hugh was one of ten children of George Thomson, son of Archibald Thomson, Archibald was brother of David Thomson, first European settler of Scarborough, Ontario. During World War I, Roy Thomson attended a business college and he went to Manitoba after the war to become a farmer, but was unsuccessful. Thomson travelled to Toronto again, where he held jobs at different times. However, he found selling radios difficult because the district left for him to work in was Northern Ontario. In order to give his potential customers something to listen to he undertook to establish a radio station, by quite a stroke of luck, he was able to procure a radio frequency and transmitter for $201. CFCH officially went on the air in North Bay, Ontario on March 3,1931 and he sold radios for quite some time after that, but his focus gradually shifted to his radio station, rather than the actual radios. In 1934, Thomson acquired his first newspaper, with a down payment of $200 he purchased the Timmins Daily Press, in Timmins, Ontario. He began an expansion of radio stations and newspapers in various Ontario locations in partnership with fellow Canadian, Jack Kent Cooke. Thomson’s ancestors were small tenant farmers on the estates of the Dukes of Buccleuch at Boness, in the parish of Westerkirk, Dumfriesshire, thomsons ancestor, Archibald Thomson, migrated to British North America in 1773, marrying Elizabeth McKay, of Quebec. The family eventually settled in Upper Canada, but retained an attachment to their country of origin. As a result, Thomson himself made the decision to move to Edinburgh where in 1952 he purchased The Scotsman newspaper. In 1957, he launched a bid for the commercial television franchise for Central Scotland, named Scottish Television. In 1959 he purchased the Kemsley group of newspapers, the largest in Britain, over the years, he expanded his media empire to include more than 200 newspapers in Canada, the United States, and the United Kingdom. His Thomson Organization became a corporation, with interests in publishing, printing, television
Roy Thomson, 1st Baron Thomson of Fleet
–
The Right Honourable The Lord Thomson of Fleet
GBE
15.
Central Group
–
The Central Group of Companies or Central Holding is a family-owned conglomerate holding company in Thailand that is involved in merchandising, real estate, retailing, hospitality and restaurants. Among its subsidiaries are Central Pattana and the Central Retail Corporation and its current CEO is Tos Chirathivat, grandson of the company founder. Its chief rival is The Mall Group, which owns Siam Paragon and The Emporium, tiang Chirathivat, an overseas Chinese from Hainan, started a general merchandise store in 1947 in Samphanthawong District, Bangkoks Chinatown. In 1957, Tiangs son, Samrit Chirathivat, opened the first Central Department Store in Wangburapha, Phra Nakhon, the companys property development arm, Central Pattana was founded in 1980, and opened its first shopping centre, CentralPlaza Ladprao in Chatuchak District, Bangkok in 1982. Besides expansion through physical presence in the Bangkok retail space, Central Group has in recent years built a presence among ASEAN e-tailers. CPN real property development and malls management, CentralPlaza, CentralFestival, CHR operates more than 40 hotels and resorts and private residences in Thailand, Vietnam, Indonesia, Maldives, and Sri Lanka. CRG food franchises in Thailand, Mister Donut, KFC, Auntie Annes, Pepper Lunch, Chabuton, Coldstone, Ryu Shabu Shabu, The Terrace, Yoshinoya, Ootoya, Tenya, and Katsuya. CFG offers fresh, grocery and household merchandise in multiple food retail formats to suit customer segments needs. The format include Central Food Hall, Tops market, Tops SUPERSTORE, Tops daily, Tops superkoom, Eathai, Central Wine Cellar, Segafredo, Tops Shop Online, the business unit also bought Matsumoto Kiyoshi - Japans number 1 drugstore. CHG home and electric appliances store, Power Buy, Baan and Beyond, HomeWork, CMG high-end fashion imports such as, Casio watches, G-Shock, and Mango clothing. COL books, stationery, and office store and it operates central groups e-commerce system and applications, B2S, OfficeMate, and Cenergy Innovation. All chains are operated by Central Department Store Group Chirathivat family Robinson Department Store Big C Tesco Lotus Central Group website
Central Group
–
CentralFestival, Chiang Mai
Central Group
–
CentralPlaza, Udon Thani
Central Group
–
ZEN at
CentralWorld
Central Group
–
Oberpollinger in
Munich
16.
South China Morning Post
–
The South China Morning Post, with its Sunday edition, the Sunday Morning Post, is a Hong Kong English-language newspaper and Hong Kongs newspaper of record. The journal was founded by Australian-born revolutionary Tse Tsan-tai and British journalist Alfred Cunningham in 1903, the first edition of the paper was published on 6 November 1903. The journals circulation has been stable for years – the average daily circulation stands at 100,000. It was owned by Rupert Murdochs News Corporation until it was acquired by real estate tycoon Robert Kuok in 1993, on 11 December 2015, it was announced that Alibaba Group would acquire the media properties of the SCMP Group, including the South China Morning Post. On 5 April 2016 Alibaba Group completed the acquisition, South China Morning Post Ltd was founded by Tse Tsan-tai and Alfred Cunningham in 1903. The first edition of the paper was published on 6 November 1903, from its founding, during the Qing dynasty until 1913, one year after the establishment of the Republic of China, it was known, in Chinese, as 《南清早報》. In 1913, its Chinese name was changed to 《南華早報》, and has remained as such since then, the Chinese name of Sunday Morning Post is 《星期日南華早報》. In November 1971, it was listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange and it was privatised by News Corporation, owned by Rupert Murdoch, in 1987, and relisted in 1990. Malaysian tycoon Robert Kuoks Kerry Media bought the controlling interest – a 34.9 per cent stake – from News Corp in October 1993 for US$375 million and his son, Kuok Khoon Ean, took over as chairman at the end of 1997. Kuok Khoon Eans sister, Kuok Hui Kwong, was named executive officer on 1 January 2009. Kuok launched an offer for the remaining shares in September 2007. It was delisted in 2013 when the free float fell below the required 25%. On 11 December 2015, it was announced that Alibaba Group would acquire the assets of the SCMP Group. The consideration is reported to be HK$2.06 billion, readers will be able to have free access to all contents on SCMP. com and SCMP mobile apps. The papers average audited circulation for the first half of 2007 stood at 106,054, while its Sunday edition, in 2012, the readership of the SCMP and the Sunday Morning Post was estimated at 396,000. Its readership outside Hong Kong remains at some 6,825 copies for the period, again. The Group reported net profit of HK$338 million for the year 2006, the selling price of the paper is HK$9 each from Monday to Saturday, and HK$10 for the Sunday Morning Post. A discounted student subscription is also available and it was increased 14. 5% and 25% respectively in August 2011
South China Morning Post
–
SCMP front page on 15 August 2014
17.
Hong Kong
–
Hong Kong, officially the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the Peoples Republic of China, is an autonomous territory on the Pearl River Delta of East Asia. Macau lies across the delta to the west, and the Chinese province of Guangdong borders the territory to the north. With a total area of 1,106 square kilometres. Hong Kong was later occupied by Japan during World War II until British control resumed in 1945, under the principle of one country, two systems, Hong Kong maintains a separate political and economic system from China. Except in military defence and foreign affairs, Hong Kong maintains its independent executive, legislative, in addition, Hong Kong develops relations directly with foreign states and international organisations in a broad range of appropriate fields. Hong Kong is one of the worlds most significant financial centres, with the highest Financial Development Index score and consistently ranks as the worlds most competitive and freest economic entity. As the worlds 8th largest trading entity, its legal tender, Hong Kongs tertiary sector dominated economy is characterised by simple taxation with a competitive level of corporate tax and supported by its independent judiciary system. However, while Hong Kong has one of the highest per capita incomes in the world and it has a very high Human Development Index ranking and the worlds longest life expectancy. Over 90% of the population use of well-developed public transportation. Seasonal air pollution with origins from neighbouring areas of Mainland China. Hong Kong was officially recorded in the 1842 Treaty of Nanking to encompass the entirety of the island, before 1842, the name referred to a small inlet—now Aberdeen Harbour —between Aberdeen Island and the southern coast of Hong Kong Island. Aberdeen was a point of contact between British sailors and local fishermen. Detailed and accurate romanisation systems for Cantonese were available and in use at the time, fragrance may refer to the sweet taste of the harbours fresh water estuarine influx of the Pearl River or to the incense from factories lining the coast of northern Kowloon. The incense was stored near Aberdeen Harbour for export before Hong Kong developed Victoria Harbour, the name had often been written as the single word Hongkong until the government adopted the current form in 1926. Nevertheless, a number of century-old institutions still retain the form, such as the Hongkong Post, Hongkong Electric. As of 1997, its name is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the Peoples Republic of China. This is the title as mentioned in the Hong Kong Basic Law. Hong Kong has carried many nicknames, the most famous among those is the Pearl of the Orient, which reflected the impressive nightscape of the citys light decorations on the skyscrapers along both sides of the Victoria Harbour
Hong Kong
–
The Cenotaph in Hong Kong commemorates those who died in service in WWI and WWII.
Hong Kong
–
Flag
Hong Kong
–
Stamp with portrait of
Queen Elizabeth II, 1953
Hong Kong
–
Development of
Hong Kong Island in 1986
18.
GMM Grammy
–
GMM Grammy Public Company Limited is the largest media conglomerate entertainment company in Thailand. It claims a 70 percent share of the Thai entertainment industry, Grammy artists include Bird McIntyre, Silly Fools, and Loso. In addition to its business, the company is involved in concert production, artist management, film and television production. The company has fifteen music subsidies, Genie Record Grammy Gold - Thai country, Ltd. is GMM Grammys film production company. It was formed on 5 January 2016 to replace its successful predecessor GMM Tai Hub, GMM Z Co. Ltd. is a subsidiary of GMM Grammy that produces and distributes satellite television set-top boxes airing free-to-air channels and its own content. GMM Grammy has several digital television 2 Channel One HD31 Channel 31 GMM25 Channel 25 production marques, Ltd and GDH559, which produces lakorns, game shows and variety shows. Madame Figaro Magazine - Fashion and beauty targeting sophisticated and highly educated women who do not need how to and her World - The Thai edition of the popular Singaporean womens magazine. Maxim - The Thai edition of the popular lad mag, attitude - The Thai edition of the British gay lifestyle magazine. In Magazine - Fashion and Entertainment GMM Grammy has partial stakes in the Bangkok Post and the Matichon Group, se-Education PLC - A chain of university bookstores. Media of Thailand List of record labels, 0-9 Corporate website GMMTV GDH559 – GDH559, ฟังเพลง – GMM Grammys Entertainment Web Portal. Financial statement quarter 1/2006 at the Stock Exchange of Thailand
GMM Grammy
–
Gmm Grammy place,Bangkok Thailand
19.
Thai Royal Family
–
The Chakri dynasty is the current ruling royal house of the Kingdom of Thailand, while the Head of the house is the monarch. The royal house was founded by King Rama I, an Ayutthayan military leader of Sino-Mon descent, prior to the founding of the dynasty, King Rama I held for years the title Chakri, the title of the civil chancellor. In founding the dynasty, King Rama I himself chose Chakri as the name for the dynasty, the emblem of the dynasty is composed of the discus and the trident, the celestial weapons of god Vishnu and Shiva, whom the Thai sovereign is seen as an incarnation. The houses current dynastic seat is the Grand Palace in Bangkok, the present royal family of Thailand is descended from Prince Mahidol Adulyadej of Songkla and Srinagarindra forming the House of Mahidol. The Prince was a son of King Chulalongkorn and his wife Queen Savang Vadhana, the Prince was also the half-brother of both King Vajiravudh and King Prajadhipok. After the death of King Ananda Mahidol, King Bhumibol Adulyadej ascended the throne in 1946, in 1949 the King married his first cousin once removed, Mom Rajawongse Sirikit Kitiyakara. Bhumibol was succeeded by his son Maha Vajiralongkorn officially on 13 October 2016, but was proclaimed King on 1 December 2016
Thai Royal Family
–
Photograph of Prince
Mahidol Adulyadej and
Mom Sangwal (later the
Princess Mother).
Thai Royal Family
–
House of Chakri
Thai Royal Family
–
The Chakri Mahaprasat, inside the
Grand Palace in Bangkok, the dynastic seat and official residence of the dynasty.
Thai Royal Family
–
Phrabat Somdet Phra
Phutthayotfa Chulalok (Rama I)
20.
Vietnam War
–
It was the second of the Indochina Wars and was officially fought between North Vietnam and the government of South Vietnam. The war is considered a Cold War-era proxy war. As the war continued, the actions of the Viet Cong decreased as the role. U. S. and South Vietnamese forces relied on air superiority and overwhelming firepower to conduct search and destroy operations, involving ground forces, artillery, in the course of the war, the U. S. conducted a large-scale strategic bombing campaign against North Vietnam. The North Vietnamese government and the Viet Cong were fighting to reunify Vietnam and they viewed the conflict as a colonial war and a continuation of the First Indochina War against forces from France and later on the United States. The U. S. government viewed its involvement in the war as a way to prevent a communist takeover of South Vietnam and this was part the domino theory of a wider containment policy, with the stated aim of stopping the spread of communism. Beginning in 1950, American military advisors arrived in what was then French Indochina, U. S. involvement escalated in the early 1960s, with troop levels tripling in 1961 and again in 1962. Regular U. S. combat units were deployed beginning in 1965, despite the Paris Peace Accord, which was signed by all parties in January 1973, the fighting continued. In the U. S. and the Western world, a large anti-Vietnam War movement developed as part of a larger counterculture, the war changed the dynamics between the Eastern and Western Blocs, and altered North–South relations. Direct U. S. military involvement ended on 15 August 1973, the capture of Saigon by the North Vietnamese Army in April 1975 marked the end of the war, and North and South Vietnam were reunified the following year. The war exacted a huge human cost in terms of fatalities, estimates of the number of Vietnamese soldiers and civilians killed vary from 966,000 to 3.8 million. Some 240, 000–300,000 Cambodians,20, 000–62,000 Laotians, and 58,220 U. S. service members died in the conflict. Various names have applied to the conflict. Vietnam War is the most commonly used name in English and it has also been called the Second Indochina War and the Vietnam Conflict. As there have been several conflicts in Indochina, this conflict is known by the names of its primary protagonists to distinguish it from others. In Vietnamese, the war is known as Kháng chiến chống Mỹ. It is also called Chiến tranh Việt Nam, France began its conquest of Indochina in the late 1850s, and completed pacification by 1893. The 1884 Treaty of Huế formed the basis for French colonial rule in Vietnam for the seven decades
Vietnam War
–
Clockwise, from top left: U.S. combat operations in
Ia Drang, ARVN Rangers defending
Saigon during the 1968
Tet Offensive, two
Douglas A-4C Skyhawks en route for airstrikes against North Vietnam after the
Gulf of Tonkin incident, ARVN recapture
Quảng Trị during the 1972
Easter Offensive, civilians fleeing the
1972 Battle of Quảng Trị, burial of 300 victims of the 1968
Huế Massacre.
Vietnam War
–
A Japanese naval officer surrenders his sword to a British Lieutenant in Saigon on 13 September 1945.
Vietnam War
–
The
Geneva Conference, 1954
Vietnam War
–
U.S. President
Dwight D. Eisenhower and Secretary of State
John Foster Dulles greet President
Ngô Đình Diệm of
South Vietnam in Washington, 8 May 1957.
21.
Vietnam
–
Vietnam, officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, is the easternmost country on the Indochina Peninsula in Southeast Asia. With an estimated 92.7 million inhabitants as of 2016, it is the worlds 14th-most-populous country, and its capital city has been Hanoi since the reunification of North and South Vietnam in 1976, with Ho Chi Minh City as a historical city as well. The northern part of Vietnam was part of Imperial China for over a millennium, an independent Vietnamese state was formed in 939, following a Vietnamese victory in the Battle of Bạch Đằng River. Following a Japanese occupation in the 1940s, the Vietnamese fought French rule in the First Indochina War, thereafter, Vietnam was divided politically into two rival states, North Vietnam, and South Vietnam. Conflict between the two sides intensified in what is known as the Vietnam War, the war ended with a North Vietnamese victory in 1975. Vietnam was then unified under a communist government but remained impoverished, in 1986, the government initiated a series of economic and political reforms which began Vietnams path towards integration into the world economy. By 2000, it had established relations with all nations. Since 2000, Vietnams economic growth rate has been among the highest in the world and its successful economic reforms resulted in its joining the World Trade Organization in 2007. It is also a member of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation and the Organisation Internationale de la Francophonie, Vietnam remains one of the worlds four remaining one-party socialist states officially espousing communism. The name Việt Nam is a variation of Nam Việt, a name that can be traced back to the Triệu Dynasty of the 2nd century BC. The word Việt originated as a form of Bách Việt. The form Vietnam is first recorded in the 16th-century oracular poem Sấm Trạng Trình, the name has also been found on 12 steles carved in the 16th and 17th centuries, including one at Bao Lam Pagoda in Haiphong that dates to 1558. Then, as recorded, rewarded Yuenan/Vietnam as their nations name, to also show that they are below the region of Baiyue/Bach Viet. Between 1804 and 1813, the name was used officially by Emperor Gia Long and it was revived in the early 20th century by Phan Bội Châus History of the Loss of Vietnam, and later by the Vietnamese Nationalist Party. The country was usually called Annam until 1945, when both the government in Huế and the Viet Minh government in Hanoi adopted Việt Nam. Archaeological excavations have revealed the existence of humans in what is now Vietnam as early as the Paleolithic age, Homo erectus fossils dating to around 500,000 BC have been found in caves in Lạng Sơn and Nghệ An provinces in northern Vietnam. The oldest Homo sapiens fossils from mainland Southeast Asia are of Middle Pleistocene provenance, teeth attributed to Homo sapiens from the Late Pleistocene have also been found at Dong Can, and from the Early Holocene at Mai Da Dieu, Lang Gao and Lang Cuom. The Hồng Bàng dynasty of the Hùng kings is considered the first Vietnamese state, in 257 BC, the last Hùng king was defeated by Thục Phán, who consolidated the Lạc Việt and Âu Việt tribes to form the Âu Lạc, proclaiming himself An Dương Vương
Vietnam
–
A
Đông Sơn bronze drum, c.800 BC.
Vietnam
–
Flag
Vietnam
–
The
Imperial City in
Huế.
Vietnam
–
French Indochina in 1913.
22.
Cambodia
–
Cambodia, officially known as the Kingdom of Cambodia, is a country located in the southern portion of the Indochina Peninsula in Southeast Asia. It is 181,035 square kilometres in area, bordered by Thailand to the northwest, Laos to the northeast, Vietnam to the east, Cambodia has a population of over 15 million. The official religion is Theravada Buddhism, practiced by approximately 95 percent of the population, the countrys minority groups include Vietnamese, Chinese, Chams, and 30 hill tribes. The capital and largest city is Phnom Penh, the political, economic, the kingdom is a constitutional monarchy with Norodom Sihamoni, a monarch chosen by the Royal Throne Council, as head of state. The head of government is Hun Sen, who is currently the longest serving leader in South East Asia and has ruled Cambodia for over 25 years. In 802 AD, Jayavarman II declared himself king, uniting the warring Khmer princes of Chenla under the name Kambuja. The Indianized kingdom built monumental temples including Angkor Wat, now a World Heritage Site, after the fall of Angkor to Ayutthaya in the 15th century, a reduced and weakened Cambodia was then ruled as a vassal state by its neighbours. In 1863 Cambodia became a protectorate of France which doubled the size of the country by reclaiming the north, the Vietnam War extended into the country with the US bombing of Cambodia from 1969 until 1973. Following the Cambodian coup of 1970, the king gave his support to his former enemies. Following the 1991 Paris Peace Accords, Cambodia was governed briefly by a United Nations mission, the UN withdrew after holding elections in which around 90 percent of the registered voters cast ballots. The 1997 coup placed power solely in the hands of Prime Minister Hun Sen and the Cambodian Peoples Party, important sociopolitical issues includes widespread poverty, pervasive corruption, lack of political freedoms, low human development, and a high rate of hunger. While per capita income remains low compared to most neighbouring countries, agriculture remains the dominant economic sector, with strong growth in textiles, construction, garments, and tourism leading to increased foreign investment and international trade. Cambodia scored dismally in an annual index ranking the rule of law in 102 countries, placing 99th overall, Cambodia also faces environmental destruction as an imminent problem. The most severe activity in this regard is considered to be the countrywide deforestation, the Kingdom of Cambodia is the official English name of the country. The English Cambodia is an anglicisation of the French Cambodge, which in turn is the French transliteration of the Khmer Kampuchea, Kampuchea is the shortened alternative to the countrys official name in Khmer, Preah Reacheanachak Kampuchea. The Khmer endonym Kampuchea derives from the Sanskrit name Kambujadeśa, composed of देश, desa and कम्बोज, Kambujas, colloquially, Cambodians refer to their country as either Srok Khmer, meaning Khmers Land, or the slightly more formal Prateh Kampuchea, literally Country of Kampuchea. The name Cambodia is used most often in the Western world while Kampuchea is more used in the East. Excavations in its lower layers produced a series of dates as of 6000 BC
Cambodia
–
Glazed stoneware dating back to the 12th century.
Cambodia
–
Flag
Cambodia
–
Khmer army going to war against the
Cham, from a relief on the
Bayon.
Cambodia
–
Angkor Wat
23.
Thai general election, 2011
–
The protestors of the United Front for Democracy Against Dictatorship or Red Shirts who occupied downtown Bangkok in April and May 2010 had demanded new elections. The governments counter-proposal to hold elections on 14 November 2010 was rejected by them and was followed by a violent crackdown when the protestors refused to disperse, Elections were finally announced in May 2011. With a turnout of 75. 03%, populist Pheu Thai Party won a majority with 265 seats and its leader Yingluck Shinawatra became the first female prime minister in the history of Thailand. The Democrat Party therefore became the opposition party with a total of 159 seats. The election results were acknowledged on 27 July, after the Election Commission dealt with a number of objections over alleged irregularities. Reelections and recount were ordered to be held in several provinces, the first session of the National Assembly was convoked on Monday,1 August at Ananta Samakhom Throne Hall and its state opening was held at the same time. Following the victory by Pheu Thai Party, several countries, including Germany and Japan, lifted the ban that had once imposed upon Thaksin Shinawatra. After the Thai general election,2007, the People’s Power Party won a majority of seats in the parliament, samak Sundaravej, party leader, became the 25th Prime Minister of Thailand. This election victory led to a series of demonstrations by the royalist Peoples Alliance for Democracy. On 2 December 2008, the People’s Power Party had been dissolved by the Constitutional Court over vote buying, the PPPs executive team was banned from politics for 5 years. After the partys dissolution, all of the members of parliament had to join another party if they wished to retain their seat. The majority of them transferred to the newly founded Pheu Thai Party, some representatives defected to the Democrats, which enabled the Democrat Party leader Abhisit Vejjajiva to be elected by parliament as prime minister. The National United Front of Democracy Against Dictatorship was a group that opposed the Thai militarys alleged influence in the formation of Abhisits government. It promptly organised several rounds of protests and calls for general elections, Abhisit government finally ordered the military to crack down on the Red Shirts in 2009, resulting in several deaths and hundreds of injuries on both sides. The Red Shirts launched a new round of protests in mid-2010, the 14 March protest, centered around Phan Fah bridge, were the largest in Thai history and were mostly peaceful. In April and May 2010 heavy Red Shirt protests led to violent clashes, in the previous general elections in 2007, the Democrat Party had lost the constituency vote but won the proportional party list vote. On 17 February 2011 Prime Minister Abhisit announced that parliament would be dissolved by June, on 11 March 2011, it was further announced that parliament would be dissolved by the first week of May 2011. Previously a proposal had made to hold the election on 14 November 2010, however, on 9 May, Prime Minister Abhisit Vejjajiva announced that he would dissolve the lower house of parliament to hold an election on 3 July
Thai general election, 2011
–
All 500 seats to the
House of Representatives of Thailand 251 seats needed for a majority
Thai general election, 2011
24.
Democrat Party (Thailand)
–
The Democrat Party is a Thai political party. The party, the oldest in Thailand, upholds a conservatively and classically liberal pro-market position, the Democrat Party won the most seats in parliament in 1948,1976, and 1992 - however, it has never won an outright parliamentary majority. The partys electoral support bases are Southern Thailand and Bangkok, although election results in Bangkok have fluctuated widely, since 2004, Democrat candidates won three elections for the governorship of Bangkok. Since 2005, the Democrat Partys leader has been Abhisit Vejjajiva, the Thai name of the party, Prachathipat, is derived from the word prachathipatai which means democracy, democratic or democrat. The party said it wanted the term to mean the people in whom democracy is vested, the Democrat Party was founded by Khuang Aphaiwong on April 6,1946, as a conservative and royalist party, following the January 1946 elections. Early members included royalists opposed to Pridi Phanomyong and former Seri Thai underground resistance members, the party competed against the parties affiliated with Pridi Phanomyong and the Progress Party of brothers Seni and Kukrit Pramoj. In the January 1946 elections, the Pridi-led coalition had won a majority in the Parliament, however, Pridi declined the nomination as prime minister and the parliament appointed Khuang as premier. Khuang resigned in March 1946, after being defeated on a bill, the smaller Progress Party later merged with the Democrat Party. After the death of King Ananda Mahidol in 1946, the Democrat Party accused Pridi of having been the mastermind behind the Kings death and spread this propaganda throughout the capital. Seni Pramojs wife told the US chargé daffaires that Pridi had the King assassinated, a few days after the Kings death, a Democrat MP yelled out, Pridi killed the King. In the middle of a crowded theater, by the time of the elections of August 1946, the Democrat Party was backed by royalists like Prince Upalisarn Jubala, Srivisarn Vacha, Sridhamadibes, Borirak Vejjakarn, and Srisena Sombatsiri. Except for Prince Upalisarn Jubala, all of these figures would become Privy Councilors to King Bhumibol Adulyadej, parties affiliated with Pridi continued to win a majority of seats in parliament. Pridi was appointed Premier, but later conceded to Luang Thamrong Navasavat, a military coup led by Marshal Plaek Phibunsongkhram later overthrew the Thamrong government. The palace persuaded Marshal Plaek to appoint Khuang Aphaiwong as figurehead civilian Prime Minister, in subsequent elections on January 29,1948, the Democrats won the majority for the first time, and reappointed Khuang as Premier. Khuang packed his cabinet with palace allies, much to the consternation of the military, the military later, claiming that they were supporters of constitutional monarchy, demanded that Khuang resign. Marshal Plaek replaced Khuang as Prime Minister, although having no representatives in the cabinet, the Democrats had key representatives in the constitution drafting committee. Among its features was a senate whose members were to be appointed directly by the King, the constitution triggered protests among much of the public. It was attacked as contrary to the purpose of the 1932 revolution, critics were branded republicans and communists
Democrat Party (Thailand)
–
Election results in the South, 1975-2005
Democrat Party (Thailand)
–
Democrat Party
Democrat Party (Thailand)
–
Khuang Aphaiwong
Democrat Party (Thailand)
–
Seni Pramoj
25.
Thaksin Shinawatra
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Thaksin Shinawatra is a Thai businessman and politician. Between 2001 and 2006, he was the Prime Minister of Thailand and he joined politics in 1994, founded the Thai Rak Thai Party in 1998 and, after a landslide electoral victory, became prime minister in 2001. Thaksins government launched programs to poverty, expand infrastructure, promote small and medium-sized enterprises. Thaksin declared a war on drugs in which more than 2,500 people died and he was the first democratically elected prime minister of Thailand to serve a full term and was re-elected in 2005 by an overwhelming majority. After selling shares of his worth more than a billion dollars to foreign investors without paying taxes. A citizens movement against Thaksin, called Peoples Alliance for Democracy or yellow shirts, launched mass protests, accusing him of corruption, abuse of power, Thaksin called snap elections that were boycotted by the opposition and invalidated by the Constitutional Court. He was overthrown in a coup on 19 September 2006. His party was outlawed and he was barred from political activity, Thaksin has since lived in self-imposed exile except for a brief visit to Thailand in 2008. He was sentenced in absentia to two years in jail for abuse of power and his younger sister Yingluck Shinawatra was the prime minister of Thailand from 2011 to 2014. Thaksins great-grandfather, Seng Saekhu, was an immigrant from Meizhou, Guangdong, China and his eldest son, Chiang Saekhu, was born in Chanthaburi in 1890 and married a Thai woman named Saeng Samana. Chiangs eldest son, Sak, adopted the Thai surname Shinawatra in 1938 because of the countrys anti-Chinese movement, Seng Saekhu had made his fortune through tax farming. Chiang Saekhu/Shinawatra later founded Shinawatra Silks and then moved into finance, construction, Thaksins father, Loet, was born in Chiang Mai in 1919 and married Yindi Ramingwong. Yindis father, Charoen Ramingwong, was a Hakka immigrant who married Princess Chanthip na Chiangmai, in 1968, Loet Shinawatra entered politics and became an MP for Chiang Mai and deputy leader of the now-defunct Liberal Party. Loet Shinawatra quit politics in 1976 and he opened a coffee shop, grew oranges and flowers in Chiang Mais San Kamphaeng district, and opened two cinemas, a gas station, and a car and motorcycle dealership. By the time Thaksin was born, the Shinawatra family was one of the richest and most influential families in Chiang Mai, Thaksin was born in San Kamphaeng, Chiang Mai province. He lived in the village of San Kamphaeng until he was 15, at 16, he helped run one of his fathers cinemas. Thaksin married Potjaman Damapong in July 1976 and they have one son, Panthongtae and two daughters, Pintongtha and Peathongtarn. Thaksin Shinawatra was a member of the 10th class of the Armed Forces Academies Preparatory School, graduating in 1973, he joined the Royal Thai Police
Thaksin Shinawatra
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Thaksin Shinawatra
MPCh MWM TCW GCON GCPS
Thaksin Shinawatra
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Thaksin meeting
Donald Evans in December 2001
Thaksin Shinawatra
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Thaksin in a meeting with the
President of Brazil,
Lula da Silva, in 2004
Thaksin Shinawatra
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Thaksin with the
President of Russia Vladimir Putin at APEC Bangkok 2003 on 21 October 2003 in Bangkok
26.
Suvarnabhumi Airport
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Suvarnabhumi Airport, also known as Bangkok International Airport, is one of two international airports serving Bangkok, Thailand. The other one is Don Mueang International Airport, Suvarnabhumi covers an area of 3,240 hectares. Suvarnabhumi was officially opened for limited domestic service on 15 September 2006. The airport is currently the hub for Thai Airways International, Bangkok Airways. It also serves as gateway and connecting point for various foreign carriers. The airport is on what had formerly known as Nong Nguhao in Racha Thewa in Bang Phli, Samut Prakan. The terminal building was designed by Helmut Jahn of Murphy / Jahn Architects and it was constructed primarily by ITO JV. The airport has the worlds tallest free-standing control tower, and the fourth largest single-building airport terminal. On social networks, Suvarnabhumi was the worlds most popular site for taking Instagram photographs in 2012, the airport inherited the airport code, BKK, from Don Mueang after the older airport ceased international commercial flights. The modern Motorway 7 connects the airport, Bangkok, and the heavily industrial eastern seaboard of Thailand, the name Suvarnabhumi is Sanskrit for Land of Gold. Although the claims have not been substantiated by any historical records, the need for the new airport was recognized in 1973 when 8,000 acres of land was purchased 40 kilometres east of Bangkok. The site, known as Cobra Swamp, was drained and named Suvarnabhumi, on 14 October 1973, student-led protests led to the overthrow of the military government of Prime Minister Thanom Kittikachorn and the project was shelved. After a series of ups and downs, the New Bangkok International Airport company was formed in 1996, due to political and economic instabilities, notably the Asian financial crisis of 1997, construction did not begin until six years later in January 2002 by the government of Thaksin Shinawatra. The airport was due to open in late 2005, but a series of budget overruns, construction flaws, a further delay was caused by the discovery that the airport had been built over an old graveyard. Superstitious construction workers claimed to have seen ghosts there, on 23 September 2005, the Thai airports authority held a ceremony where 99 Buddhist monks chanted to appease the spirits. Full tests of the airport took place on 3 and 29 July 2006, six airline—Thai Airways International, Nok Air, Thai Air Asia, Bangkok Airways, PBair, and One-Two-GO—used the airport as a base for twenty domestic flights. The first international test flights were conducted on 1 September 2006, Two Thai Airways aircraft, a Boeing 747-400 and an Airbus A300-600, simultaneously departed the airport at 09,19 to Singapore and Hong Kong. At 15,50 the same aircraft flew back and made simultaneous touchdowns on runways 19L and these test flights demonstrated the readiness of the airport to handle traffic
Suvarnabhumi Airport
Suvarnabhumi Airport
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Suvarnabhumi Airport ท่าอากาศยานสุวรรณภูมิ
Suvarnabhumi Airport
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Terminal interior
Suvarnabhumi Airport
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Border between the concourse and the terminal seen from the arrival area
27.
USA Today
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USA Today is an internationally distributed American daily middle-market newspaper that serves as the flagship publication of its owner, the Gannett Company. Founded by Al Neuharth on September 15,1982, it operates from Gannetts corporate headquarters on Jones Branch Drive in McLean, Virginia and it is printed at 37 sites across the United States and at five additional sites internationally. USA Today is distributed in all 50 states, the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico, with an international edition distributed in Canada, Asia and the Pacific Islands, Gannett formally announced the launch of the paper on April 20,1982. USA Today began publishing on September 15,1982, initially launching in the Baltimore and Washington, on July 2,1984, the newspaper switched from a largely black-and-white to a color publication, featuring full color photography and graphics in all four sections. On April 8,1985, the paper published its first special bonus section, a 12-page section called Baseball 85, on May 6,1986, USA Today began printing production of its international edition in Switzerland. On April 15, USA Today launched an international printing site. On August 28,1995, an international publishing site was launched in Frankfurt, Germany, to print. On October 4,1999, USA Today began running advertisements on its front page for the first time. The paper launched a sixth printing site for its international edition on May 15,2000, in Milan, Italy, followed on July 10 by the launch of a printing facility in Charleroi. That November, USA Today migrated its operations from Gannetts previous corporate headquarters in Arlington, in 2010, USA Today launched the USA Today API for sharing data with partners of all types. On August 27,2010, USA Today announced that it would undergo a reorganization of its newsroom and it also announced that the paper would shift its focus away from print and place more emphasis on its digital platforms and launch of a new publication called USA Today Sports. On September 14,2012, USA Today underwent the first major redesign in its history, to accomplish this goal, Gannett migrated its newspaper and television station websites to the Presto platform and the USA Today site design throughout 2013 and 2014. On January 4,2014, USA Today acquired the book and film review website, on September 3,2014, USA Today announced that it would lay off roughly 70 employees in a restructuring of its newsroom and business operations. In October 2014, USA Today and OpenWager Inc. entered into a partnership to release a Bingo app called USA TODAY Bingo Cruise, USA Today is known for synthesizing news down to easy-to-read-and-comprehend stories. In the main edition circulated in the United States and some Canadian cities, each consists of four sections, News, Money, Sports. The international edition of the paper features two sections, News and Money in one, with Sports and Life in the other, atypical of most daily newspapers, the paper does not print on Saturdays and Sundays, the Friday edition serves as the weekend edition. USA Today prints each complete story on the front page of the section with the exception of the cover story. The cover story is a story that requires a jump
USA Today
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The April 14, 2015 front page of USA Today. The blue circle of the logo has been turned into a dotted ring with a hat being tossed into it to signify
Marco Rubio's announcement that he is running for
President of the United States.
USA Today
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USA Today
USA Today
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This February 5, 2009 issue of USA Today shows the old layout and logo of the paper prior to it being redesigned in 2012.
USA Today
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USA Today is headquartered in
Tysons Corner, Virginia.
