Barhebraeus
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Gregory Barhebraeus or Bar Hebraeus, also known as Abu al-Faraj and in Latin, Abulpharagius, was the maphrian Catholicos of the East of the Catholicate of the East under the Syriac Orthodox Church fro
Barhebraeus absorbed in study
The Maragha Observatory in Iran
Ecumenical Memorial Plaque at Cologne Cathedral, depicting two clergymen exchanging symbols of unity
Syriac MS 11. (1699) by Barhebraeus, from his Nomocanon or "Book of Directions" (Kthobo d-Hudoye)
Mongol invasion of Syria
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Starting in the 1240s, the Mongols attempted repeated invasions of Syria. Most failed, but they did have some success in 1260 and 1300, capturing Aleppo and Damascus and destroying the Ayyubid dynasty
Mamluks offensive at the Fall of Tripoli in 1289.
The Mamluks defeated the Armenians and captured the prince Leo at the disaster of Mari, 1266: illumination from Le Livre des Merveilles, 15th century.
The Mongols and the Armenians were defeated by the Mamluks at the Second Battle of Homs in 1281.
1299, The Battle of Wadi al-Khazandar. The Mongols under Ghazan defeated the Mamluks.