1.
Barrister
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A barrister is a type of lawyer in common law jurisdictions. Barristers mostly specialise in courtroom advocacy and litigation and their tasks include taking cases in superior courts and tribunals, drafting legal pleadings, researching the philosophy, hypothesis and history of law, and giving expert legal opinions. Often, barristers are also recognised as legal scholars, Barristers are distinguished from solicitors, who have more direct access to clients, and may do transactional-type legal work. It is mainly barristers who are appointed as judges, and they are hired by clients directly. In England and Wales, barristers may seek authorisation from the Bar Standards Board to conduct litigation and this allows a barrister to practise in a dual capacity, fulfilling the role of both barrister and solicitor. A barrister, who can be considered as a jurist, is a lawyer who represents a litigant as advocate before a court of appropriate jurisdiction, a barrister speaks in court and presents the case before a judge or jury. In some jurisdictions, a barrister receives additional training in law, ethics. In contrast, a solicitor generally meets with clients, does preparatory and administrative work, in this role, he or she may draft and review legal documents, interact with the client as necessary, prepare evidence, and generally manage the day-to-day administration of a lawsuit. Barristers usually have particular knowledge of law, precedent. When a solicitor in general practice is confronted with a point of law. In most countries, barristers operate as sole practitioners, and are prohibited from forming partnerships or from working as a barrister as part of a corporation, however, barristers normally band together into chambers to share clerks and operating expenses. Some chambers grow to be large and sophisticated, and have a corporate feel. In some jurisdictions, they may be employed by firms of solicitors, banks, in contrast, solicitors and attorneys work directly with the clients and are responsible for engaging a barrister with the appropriate expertise for the case. Barristers generally have little or no contact with their lay clients. All correspondence, inquiries, invoices, and so on, will be addressed to the solicitor, in court, barristers are often visibly distinguished from solicitors by their apparel. For example, in Ireland, England, and Wales, a barrister usually wears a wig, stiff collar, bands. Since January 2008, solicitor advocates have also been entitled to wear wigs, in many countries the traditional divisions between barristers and solicitors are breaking down. Barristers once enjoyed a monopoly on appearances before the courts, but in Great Britain this has now been abolished
2.
Barista Lavazza
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Barista is an Indian chain of espresso bars that operates in South Asia and the Middle East. Established in February 2000 under the name Barista, it was taken over by Lavazza in 2007, headquartered in New Delhi, Barista currently has espresso bars across India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Nepal and the Middle East. It was established in February 2000 by the Barista Coffee Company Limited, a 34. 3% equity stake was sold to Tata Coffee in 2001. C Sivasankaran bought the remaining 65 per cent in Barista from the Amit Judge-controlled Turner Morrison in 2004, in 2007, the Sterling Group sold Barista to Lavazza. Barista Lavazza is currently owned by Lavazza, the coffee is supplied by the Indian roaster Fresh and Honest, headquartered in Chennai, which is also owned by Lavazza. As of 2009, the chain has 200 stores in India, in 2014, Lavazza sold the coffee shop chain to Carnation Hospitality Pvt. Ltd. for an undisclosed sum. Barista was the fastest brand to make it on the list of brands and is ranked among the top 50 phenomena that changed India. Cafe Coffee Day – As of 2011, out of 1400 coffee shop retail outlets registered in India,1016 belong to Cafe Coffee Day, CCD is expanding their market reach through brand extension by launching mineral water, cookies, and chips under their brand name. Barista has added a variety of cookies, chocolates and ice creams to their offerings under the same principle, Costa Coffee – Despite Costa Coffee having only 40 outlets operational across the country as of 2010, Barista Lavazza is facing stiff competition from Costa Coffee. Costa Coffee is a chain and location plays a crucial role in its business plan. Although it made a few such as replicating the UK model in India and opening stores at expensive locations when it came to India in 2005. Their most profitable venture is from off premises business wherein they set up kiosks at marriages, seminars, in the last quarter of 2009, Costa saw a profitable 24 percent growth. LiveMedia and Barista Coffee Company have an alliance, where 200 Barista Lavazza outlets across the country will have LiveMedia screens on their premises. Barista Lavazza has a tie-up with Visa to allow withdrawal of cash up to daily in all its outlets without any charges levied on the cardholders or any obligation to purchase. As part of association, Barista Lavazza also offers 30% discounts on customised meal deals on all Visa debit card transactions. ABN AMRO and Barista Coffee Company have jointly launched a card, ABN AMRO Barista Credit Card. Barista Lavazza has formed an association with Mattel Toys Private Limited for the launch of the first edition of Barista Lavazza Cafe Scrabble 2010, Barista is the first coffee retailer in India to start a loyalty programme, Bean-o-holic, to attract and retain customers. Barista Coffee has been awarded Super bands for the second consecutive year, and were even more chuffed about it this time because the new survey also included the opinion of our consumers, along with the panel of judges
3.
CorelDRAW
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CorelDraw is a vector graphics editor developed and marketed by Corel Corporation. It is also the name of Corels Graphics Suite, which bundles CorelDraw with bitmap-image editor Corel Photo-Paint as well as other graphics-related programs, the latest version is designated X8, and was released in March 2016. CorelDraw is designed to edit two-dimensional images such as logos and posters, in 1987, Corel hired software engineers Michel Bouillon and Pat Beirne to develop a vector-based illustration program to bundle with their desktop publishing systems. That program, CorelDraw, was released in 1989. CorelDraw 1. x and 2. x ran under Windows 2. x and 3.0, CorelDraw 3.0 came into its own with Microsofts release of Windows 3.1. The inclusion of TrueType in Windows 3, CorelDraw was originally developed for Microsoft Windows 3 and currently runs on Windows XP, Windows Vista, Windows 7, Windows 8 and Windows 10. The latest version, X8, was released on 15 March 2016, versions for Mac OS and Mac OS X were at one time available, but due to poor sales these were discontinued. The last port for Linux was version 9 and the last version for OS X was version 11, also, up until version 5, CorelDraw was developed for Windows 3. 1x, CTOS and OS/2. With version 6, CorelDraw introduced the automation of tasks using a Corel proprietary scripting language, with version 10, support for VBA was introduced for scripting by what Corel calls now macros. Corel recommends to no longer use the COREL Script language but only VBA, in its first versions, the CDR file format was a completely proprietary file format primarily used for vector graphic drawings, recognizable by the first two bytes of the file being WL. The actual data chunk of the RIFF remains a Corel proprietary format, F was the last valid hex digit, and the fver now indicates that the letter before does no longer stand for a hex digit. There is no publicly available CDR file format specification, other CorelDraw file formats include CorelDraw Compressed, CorelDraw Template and Corel Presentation Exchange. In December 2006 the sK1 open source project started to reverse-engineer the CDR format. The results and the first working snapshot of the CDR importer were presented at the Libre Graphics Meeting 2007 conference taking place in May 2007 in Montreal, later on the team parsed the structure of other Corel formats with the help of the open source CDR Explorer. As of 2008, the sK1 project claims to have the best import support for CorelDraw file formats among open source software programs, the sK1 project developed also the UniConvertor, a command line open source tool which supports conversion from CorelDraw ver. 7-X4 formats to other formats. UniConvertor is also used in Inkscape and Scribus open source projects as an tool for CorelDraw files importing. In 2007, Microsoft blocked CDR file format in Microsoft Office 2003 with the release of Service Pack 3 for Office 2003, Microsoft later apologized for inaccurately blaming the CDR file format and other formats for security problems in Microsoft Office and released some tools for solving this problem. In 2012 the joint LibreOffice/re-lab team implemented libcdr, a library for reading CDR files from v1 to the currently latest X7 version, the library has extensive support for shapes and their properties, including support for color management and spot colors, and has a basic support for text
4.
World Barista Championship
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The World Barista Championship is the current premier barista competition, with the winners of each national barista championship competing for the world title. Competitors prepare and serve 12 coffee beverages in 15 mins - four espresso, four cappuccino, there are two rounds of judging, the first a preliminary round and the second a finals round, featuring the top six competitors. The Tokyo 2007 WBC was the first to be held outside Europe or the U. S. the barista competition format was created in Norway, and the WBC was dominated in its early years by Scandinavian baristas. It is owned and organized jointly by the Specialty Coffee Association of America and the Speciality Coffee Association of Europe
5.
Coffeehouse
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A coffeehouse, coffee shop, or café is an establishment which primarily serves hot coffee, related coffee beverages, tea, and other hot beverages. Some coffeehouses also serve cold beverages such as iced coffee and iced tea, many cafés also serve some type of food, such as light snacks, muffins, or pastries. Coffeehouses range from owner-operated small businesses to multinational corporations. A coffeehouse may share some of the characteristics of a bar or restaurant. Many coffee houses in the Middle East and in West Asian immigrant districts in the Western world offer shisha, espresso bars are a type of coffeehouse that specializes in serving espresso and espresso-based drinks. Since the development of Wi-Fi, coffeehouses with this capability have also become places for patrons to access the Internet on their laptops, a coffeehouse can serve as an informal club for its regular members. As early as the 1950s Beatnik era and the 1960s folk music scene, coffeehouses have hosted singer-songwriter performances, coffeehouses in Mecca became a concern as places for political gatherings to the imams, who banned them, as well as the drink, for Muslims between 1512 and 1524. In 1530, the first coffeehouse was opened in Damascus and not long there were many coffeehouses in Cairo. About that year, a fellow called Hakam from Aleppo and a wag called Shams from Damascus came to the city, they opened a large shop in the district called Tahtakale. Various legends involving the introduction of coffee to Istanbul at a Kiva Han in the late 15th century circulate in culinary tradition, resembling checkers, hopscotch, and chess, are played. In addition, mollas, dervishes, and poets take turns telling stories in verse or in prose, the narrations by the mollas and the dervishes are moral lessons, like our sermons, but it is not considered scandalous not to pay attention to them. No one is forced to give up his game or his conversation because of it. It often happens that two or three people talk at the time, one on one side, the other on the opposite, and sometimes one will be a preacher. The most common English spelling, café, is the French, Portuguese and Spanish spelling, thus the spelling cafe has become very common in English-language usage throughout the world, especially for the less formal, i. e. greasy spoon variety. The Italian spelling, caffè, is sometimes used in English. In southern England, especially around London in the 1950s, the French pronunciation was often altered to /ˈkæf/. The English words coffee and café both descend from the Italian word for coffee, caffè—first attested as caveé in Venice in 1570— and in turn derived from the Arabic qahuwa. The Arabic term qahuwa originally referred to a type of wine but after the ban by Mohammed
6.
Espresso
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Espresso is coffee brewed by forcing a small amount of nearly boiling water under pressure through finely ground coffee beans. Espresso is generally thicker than coffee brewed by other methods, has a concentration of suspended and dissolved solids. As a result of the brewing process, the flavors. Espresso is also the base for drinks such as a caffè latte, cappuccino, caffè macchiato, caffè mocha, flat white. The spelling expresso is sometimes used, while some state that this spelling is incorrect. Espresso is made by forcing hot water under high pressure through finely ground. Tamping down the coffee promotes the waters even penetration of the grounds and this process produces an almost syrupy beverage by extracting both solid and dissolved components. The crema is produced by emulsifying the oils in the coffee into a colloid. Generally, one uses a machine to make espresso. Today, however, it is common for the pressure to be generated by an electric pump. The technical parameters outlined by the Italian Espresso National Institute for making a certified Italian espresso are and it is not a specific bean, bean blend, or roast level. Any bean or roasting level can be used to produce authentic espresso, for example, in southern Italy, a darker roast is generally preferred. Farther north, the moves toward slightly lighter roasts, while outside Italy. Espresso has risen in popularity worldwide since the 1980s, in the United States, cafés serve many variations by adding syrup, whipped cream, flavor extracts, soy milk, and spices to their drinks. The American Pacific Northwest has been viewed as the driver behind this trend, the popularity later spread to shops in other regions and into homes as kitchen-friendly machines became available at moderate cost. In other parts of the world, espresso has long been the method of coffee preparation in restaurants, bars. Angelo Moriondo’s Italian patent for a steam-driven instantaneous coffee beverage making device, author Ian Bersten, whose history of coffee brewers is cited below, claims to have been the first to discover Moriondo’s patent. Bersten describes the device as “… almost certainly the first Italian bar machine that controlled the supply of steam and water separately through the coffee” and Moriondo as “
7.
Coffee
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Coffee is a brewed drink prepared from roasted coffee beans, which are the seeds of berries from the Coffea plant. The genus Coffea is native to tropical Africa, and Madagascar, the two most commonly grown are the highly regarded arabica, and the less sophisticated but stronger and more hardy robusta. Once ripe, coffee berries are picked, processed, and dried, dried coffee seeds are roasted to varying degrees, depending on the desired flavor. Roasted beans are ground and brewed with boiling water to produce coffee as a beverage. Coffee is slightly acidic and can have an effect on humans because of its caffeine content. Coffee is one of the most popular drinks in the world and it can be prepared and presented in a variety of ways. It is usually served hot, although iced coffee is also served, the earliest credible evidence of coffee-drinking appears in the middle of the 15th century in the Sufi shrines of Yemen. It was here in Arabia that coffee seeds were first roasted and brewed in a way to how it is now prepared. Coffee seeds were first exported from East Africa to Yemen, as the coffea arabica plant is thought to have been indigenous to the former, yemeni traders took coffee back to their homeland and began to cultivate the seed. By the 16th century, it had reached Persia, Turkey, from there, it spread to Europe and the rest of the world. Coffee is an export commodity, it is the top agricultural export for numerous countries and is among the worlds largest legal agricultural exports. It is one of the most valuable commodities exported by developing countries, green coffee is one of the most traded agricultural commodities in the world. Consequently, the markets for fair trade coffee and organic coffee are expanding. The first reference to coffee in the English language is in the form chaona, dated to 1598 and understood to be a misprint of chaoua, equivalent, in the orthography of the time, to chaova. This term and coffee both derive from the Ottoman Turkish kahve, by way of the Italian caffè and it has also been proposed that the source may be the Proto-Central Semitic root q-h-h meaning dark. Alternatively, the word Khat, a plant widely used as stimulant in Yemen and Ethiopia before being supplanted by coffee has been suggested as a possible origin, the expression coffee break was first attested in 1952. The term coffee pot dates from 1705, other accounts attribute the discovery of coffee to Sheikh Omar. According to the ancient chronicle, Omar, who was known for his ability to cure the sick through prayer, was exiled from Mocha in Yemen to a desert cave near Ousab
8.
Bartender
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A bartender is a person who formulates and serves alcoholic beverages behind the bar, usually in a licensed establishment. Bartenders also usually maintain the supplies and inventory for the bar, a bartender can generally mix classic cocktails such as a Cosmopolitan, Manhattan, Old Fashioned, and Mojito. The bartending profession was generally a second occupation, used as work for students to gain customer experience or to save money for university fees. This however is changing around the world and bartending has become a profession by choice rather than necessity, in America, where tipping is a local custom, bartenders depend on tips for most of their income. Bartenders are also responsible for confirming that customers meet the legal drinking age requirements before serving them alcoholic beverages. In certain countries, such as the United Kingdom and Sweden, as such, it lacks traditional employment protections and therefore has a high turnover. The high turnover of staff due to low wages and poor employee benefits results in a shortage of skilled bartenders, some pubs prefer experienced staff, although pub chains tend to accept inexperienced staff and provide training. Tipping bartenders in the United Kingdom is not considered mandatory but is appreciated by the bartender. Bartenders may attend special schools or learn while on the job, Bartenders in the United States may work in a large variety of bars. These include hotel bars, restaurant bars, sports bars, gay bars, piano bars, also growing in popularity is the portable bar, which can be moved to different venues and special events. Bar-back, a bartenders assistant Hospitality List of bartenders List of public house topics List of restaurant terminology Tavern Media related to Bartenders at Wikimedia Commons
9.
Alcoholic drink
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Long-term use can lead to alcohol abuse, physical dependence, and alcoholism. Drinking alcohol plays an important social role in many cultures, most countries have laws regulating their production, sale, and consumption, some countries ban such activities entirely. However, alcoholic drinks are legal in most parts of the world, the global alcoholic drink industry exceeded $1 trillion in 2014. Alcohol is one of the most widely used drugs in the world. For instance, in 2015, among Americans, 89% of adults had consumed alcohol at point, 70% had drunk it in the last year. Alcoholic drinks are divided into three classes—beers, wines, and spirits—and typically contain between 3% and 40% alcohol by volume. Discovery of late Stone Age jugs suggest that intentionally fermented drinks existed at least as early as the Neolithic period, wine is a fermented beverage produced from grapes. Wine involves a longer process than beer and also a long aging process. Sparkling wine can be made by means of a secondary fermentation, fruit wines are made from fruits other than grapes, such as plums, cherries, or apples. Sake is an example of rice wine. Beer is a beverage fermented from grain mash and it is made from barley or a blend of several grains. If the fermented mash is distilled, then the drink is a spirit, beer is the most consumed alcoholic beverage in the world. Cider or cyder is an alcoholic drink made from any fruit juice, apple juice, peaches. Cider alcohol content varies from 1. 2% ABV to 8. 5% or more in traditional English ciders, in some regions, cider may be called apple wine. Mead is a drink created by fermenting honey with water, sometimes with various fruits, spices, grains. The alcoholic content of mead may range from about 8% ABV to more than 20%, the defining characteristic of mead is that the majority of the drinks fermentable sugar is derived from honey. A distilled drink or liquor is a drink produced by distilling ethanol produced by means of fermenting grain, fruit. Unsweetened, distilled, alcoholic drinks that have a content of at least 20% ABV are called spirits
10.
Gwilym Davies (barista)
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Gwilym Rhys Davies is a British barista. Davies was born in Cheltenham, England, and grew up in Leeds, Davies took the World Barista Championship crown in Atlanta, USA in April 2009. Becoming well known for his coffee carts on Whitecross Street and Columbia Road as well as having started the Prufrock coffee concession in Present on Shoreditch High Street, gwilym now runs a café and training facility on Leather Lane, London. Its the third wave of coffee
