1.
Barra da Tijuca
–
Barra da Tijuca is a neighborhood or bairro in the West Zone of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, located in the western portion of the city on the Atlantic Ocean. Barra is well known for its beaches, its lakes and rivers. Although representing only 4. 7% of the city population and 13% of the area of Rio de Janeiro. Barra da Tijuca is classified as one of the most developed places in Brazil, with one of the highest HDI in the country, as measured in the 2000 Brazil Census. Differently from the South Zone and Rios Downtown, Barra da Tijuca, built only 30 years ago, follows the Modernist standards, a mix of modernity, sustainability and nature create the newest side of the city of Rio de Janeiro. The areas masterplan was designed by Lúcio Costa, known for his work on Brasília, in recent years, because of the development of the Brazilian economy, Barra has received more than 100,000 new residents and many companies headquarters looking for a more modern address. Those born in Barra da Tijuca, or those who live there, are called Barristas, Barrenses or, pejoratively, Barra da Tijuca neighborhood is well known for being the home of celebrities and soccer stars. In August 2016, Barra hosted most of the venues of the 2016 Summer Olympics, demographic data indicates that the region is the fastest growing county in Rio,98,851 in 1991,174,353 in 2000, and 300,823 in 2010. The name Barra da Tijuca can be translated as Swamp Sandbank. Barra means port entrance or sandbank, and Tijuca is an originally from the Tupi ty-yúc and means putrid water, mud, swamp, puddle. The region of Barra da Tijuca was originally a huge beach, the area, full of swamps and unsuitable for planting, remained unoccupied until the middle of the twentieth century, even though occasional groups of fishermen frequented the region. In the year 1667, the region was given to religious Benedictines, who settled only in the neighborhoods of Camorim, Vargem Pequena, and Vargem Grande. In 1900, the lands of Barra da Tijuca and Baixada Jacarepaguá were sold to the company Remedial Territorial Agricultural and SA, ESTA, the concentration of large tracts of land in the hands of a few was one of the causes of its late growth. Additionally it is separated from the rest of the municipality by large, development of the area took place initially on its two ends, in current Jardim Oceânico and in Recreio dos Bandeirantes. A bridge was built by private initiative over the Tijuca Lagoon to serve the areas new inhabitants. The plan for Barra in 1969 was similar to the one for Brasília. It was inspired by American urban planning style with wide boulevards and large open spaces, in the 1970s the Lagoa–Barra Highway was built, which allowed a greater development since it reduced the time to go to the South Zone of the city of Rio. At that same time, big planned condominiums which inspired the new way of life, how it is called, were developed in Barra, such as the condominiums Nova Ipanema
2.
Rio de Janeiro
–
Rio de Janeiro, or simply Rio, is the second-most populous municipality in Brazil and the sixth-most populous in the Americas. The metropolis is anchor to the Rio de Janeiro metropolitan area, Rio de Janeiro is the capital of the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazils third-most populous state. Part of the city has designated as a World Heritage Site, named Rio de Janeiro. Founded in 1565 by the Portuguese, the city was initially the seat of the Captaincy of Rio de Janeiro, later, in 1763, it became the capital of the State of Brazil, a state of the Portuguese Empire. Rio stayed the capital of the pluricontinental Lusitanian monarchy until 1822 and this is one of the few instances in history that the capital of a colonising country officially shifted to a city in one of its colonies. Rio de Janeiro has the second largest municipal GDP in the country, the home of many universities and institutes, it is the second-largest center of research and development in Brazil, accounting for 17% of national scientific output according to 2005 data. The Maracanã Stadium held the finals of the 1950 and 2014 FIFA World Cups, the 2013 FIFA Confederations Cup, the city is divided into 33 administrative regions. Europeans first encountered Guanabara Bay on 1 January 1502, by a Portuguese expedition under explorer Gaspar de Lemos captain of a ship in Pedro Álvares Cabrals fleet, allegedly the Florentine explorer Amerigo Vespucci participated as observer at the invitation of King Manuel I in the same expedition. The region of Rio was inhabited by the Tupi, Puri, Botocudo, in 1555, one of the islands of Guanabara Bay, now called Villegagnon Island, was occupied by 500 French colonists under the French admiral Nicolas Durand de Villegaignon. Consequently, Villegagnon built Fort Coligny on the island when attempting to establish the France Antarctique colony, Rio de Janeiro was the name of Guanabara Bay. Until early in the 18th century, the city was threatened or invaded by several, mostly French, pirates and buccaneers, such as Jean-François Duclerc, on 27 January 1763, the colonial administration in Portuguese America was moved from Salvador to Rio de Janeiro. The kingdoms capital was transferred to the city, which, thus, as there was no physical space or urban structure to accommodate hundreds of noblemen who arrived suddenly, many inhabitants were simply evicted from their homes. The first printed newspaper in Brazil, the Gazeta do Rio de Janeiro, from the colonial period until the first independent decades, Rio de Janeiro was a city of slaves. There was an influx of African slaves to Rio de Janeiro, in 1819. In 1840, the number of slaves reached 220,000 people, the Port of Rio de Janeiro was the largest port of slaves in America. As a political center of the country, Rio concentrated the political-partisan life of the Empire and it was the main stage of the abolitionist and republican movements in the last half of the 19th century. Rio continued as the capital of Brazil after 1889, when the monarchy was replaced by a republic, until the early years of the 20th century, the city was largely limited to the neighbourhood now known as the historic city centre, on the mouth of Guanabara Bay. Expansion of the city to the north and south was facilitated by the consolidation and electrification of Rios streetcar transit system after 1905, though many thought that it was just campaign rhetoric, Kubitschek managed to have Brasília built, at great cost, by 1960
3.
2016 Summer Olympics
–
More than 11,000 athletes from 205 National Olympic Committees, including first time entrants Kosovo, South Sudan, and the Refugee Olympic Team, took part. With 306 sets of medals, the games featured 28 Olympic sports, including rugby sevens and golf and these sporting events took place at 33 venues in the host city, and at five in São Paulo, Belo Horizonte, Salvador, Brasília, and Manaus. These were the first Summer Olympic Games under the International Olympic Committee presidency of Thomas Bach, the host city Rio de Janeiro was announced at the 121st IOC Session in Copenhagen, Denmark, on 2 October 2009. Rio became the first South American city to host the Summer Olympics, the United States topped the medal table for the fifth time in the past six Summer Olympics, winning the most golds and most medals overall, as well as its 1, 000th Olympic gold medal overall. Great Britain finished second and became the first country in the history of the modern Olympics to increase its tally of medals in the subsequent games after being the host nation. Host country Brazil won seven medals, its most at any single Summer Olympics. Bahrain, Fiji, Jordan, Kosovo, Puerto Rico, Singapore, Tajikistan, Ivory Coast and Vietnam each won their first gold medals, the bidding process for the 2016 Olympic Games was officially launched on 16 May 2007. The first step for each city was to submit an application to the International Olympic Committee by 13 September 2007. Completed official bid files, containing answers to a 25-question IOC form, were to be submitted by each 14 January 2008. Four candidate cities were chosen for the shortlist on 4 June 2008, Chicago, Madrid, Rio de Janeiro and Tokyo, prague and Baku also failed to make the cut. Nawal El Moutawakel of Morocco headed the 10-member Evaluation Commission, having chaired the evaluation commission for the 2012 Summer Olympics bids. The commission made on-site inspections in the quarter of 2009. They issued a comprehensive technical appraisal for IOC members on 2 September, many restrictions are in place designed to prevent bidding cities from communicating with or influencing directly the 115 voting members. Cities may not invite any IOC member to visit nor may they send anything that could be construed as a gift, the final voting was held on 2 October 2009, in Copenhagen with Madrid and Rio de Janeiro perceived as favourites to land the games. Chicago and Tokyo were eliminated after the first and second rounds of voting, respectively, the lead held and Rio de Janeiro was announced as host of 2016 Summer Olympics. This comes just five months after CCO Flávio Pestana quit for personal reasons, Pestana withdrew later during the 2012 Summer Paralympics. Renato Ciuchin was then appointed as COO, events took place at eighteen existing venues, nine new venues constructed specifically for the Games, and seven temporary venues. Each event was held in one of four geographically segregated Olympic clusters, Barra, Copacabana, Deodoro, the same was done for the 2007 Pan American Games
4.
2016 Summer Paralympics
–
These Games saw the introduction of two new sports to the Paralympic program, canoeing and the paratriathlon. A team of two refugee athletes also participated in Rio, for the first time in Paralympic history, and the first time in the Olympics or Paralympics since 1960, an athlete—Iranian cyclist Bahman Golbarnezhad—died during competition. Following the third and final round of voting at the 121st IOC Session in Copenhagen on 2 October 2009, parsons praised how well-organized the 2012 Summer Paralympics were, and felt that his team had learned lessons from London that could be applied in Rio. As in past years, the 2016 Summer Paralympics share most of its venues with the corresponding Summer Olympics. Barra da Tijuca hosts most of the venues of the Games and they are accompanied by a wooden carrying box, and a plush toy of Paralympic mascot Tom with hair leaves that match the medals color. During the Olympics, organizers stated that only 12% of a target of 3.3 million tickets had been sold. By early September, only half of the tickets to medal events had been sold, nugent began the campaign after noticing the large number of empty seats at competition venues during the 2016 Summer Olympics. Following endorsements of the campaign by prominent figures, such as British band Coldplay, as part of a revised ticketing strategy, the organizers set a new target of 2.4 million tickets, with the cheapest tickets costing R$10 each. Ticketing director Donovan Ferreti told The Guardian that a demand for tickets had begun to develop in the final days before the opening ceremony. The low cost of tickets helped to attract attendees to the Paralympics—especially families, while praised the large. The next day, Barra Olympic Park had an attendance of 167,675. On 14 September, the IPC announced that sales had exceeded 2 million, the Paralympic torch relay began with five individual flames being relayed to a city in each of the five regions of Brazil. The emblem incorporates a heart and the infinity symbol, representing a beating heart, IPC president Philip Craven explained that in his opinion, the emblem symbolized the heart of athletes, who were also the heart of the Paralympic movement. As with the Olympic emblem, the Paralympic emblem was designed so that it could also be rendered in two- and three-dimensional versions, named after Brazilian musician Tom Jobim, the Paralympic mascot represents Brazilian flora and is always growing and overcoming obstacles. The mascots fictional backstories state that they were born from the joy of Brazilians after it was announced that Rio would host the Games. Brand director Beth Lula stated that the mascots are intended to reflect the diversity of Brazils culture, the opening ceremony of the 2016 Summer Paralympics took place on the evening of 7 September 2016, the Independence Day in Brazil, at the Maracanã Stadium. With the theme Todo Mundo tem um Coração, the portions of the ceremony featured sequences themed around the culture of host city. The official portions of the ceremony were afflicted by notable political gestures and they will surprise you, inspire and excite you, but most of all they will change you
5.
2007 Pan American Games
–
The 2007 Pan American Games, officially known as the XV Pan American Games, were a major continental multi-sport event that took place in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from July 13 to July 29,2007. A total of 5,633 athletes from 42 National Olympic Committees competed in 332 events in 34 sports and this was the first Games held in Brazil since the 1963 Pan American Games that took place in São Paulo. According to the Rio de Janeiro Organizing Committee, the Games called for the implementation of the countrys largest organizational, the official bid was submitted in August 2001 during the XXXIX Pan American Sports Organization General Assembly held in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic. The Bidding Committee then submitted a detailed bid file for the Games, the document was prepared and developed with the assistance of Fundação Getúlio Vargas, which had been commissioned by Rio de Janeiros City Government. According to PASO statute and regulations, the host city was selected by direct voting during the XL PASO General Assembly held in Mexico City, Mexico, on August 24,2002. The candidate city that received the majority of votes from representatives of the 42 member National Olympic Committees would be awarded the right to host the competition. The announcement was made by PASO President Mario Vázquez Raña, Rio de Janeiro received 30 votes against 21 from San Antonio. Marked by a strategy that included the showing of city and project videos, Rio de Janeiros campaign convinced the majority of voters. The 39-member Brazilian delegation erupted into boisterous celebration celebrating the countrys highest achievement in terms of sporting event organization, to sort this table by nation, total medal count, or any other column, click on the icon next to the column title. The organization of the Rio 2007 Games has chosen the figure of the Sun to represent the event, the character reflects the main characteristics of the host city and harmonizes with the graphic work developed for the logo and the visual identity of both Games. The name was chosen through voting by Internet, cellular phone messages and public ballot boxes placed around the main Brazilian cities. Over 1.2 million people participated in the election, traditionally used in large sport events, the mascot figure serves the purpose of cheering the event, enforcing the playful aspect of sports and captivating spectators and athletes. The mascots main choice is to transmit messages of peace, respect to the environment, friendship and brotherhood, the Opening Ceremony of the XV Pan American Games took place on July 13,2007. Approximately 90,000 people packed Rio de Janeiros Maracanã Stadium for the occasion, the ceremony included a cast of 7,000 and a multimillion-dollar budget, being produced by Scott Givens. The show began at 05,30 pm and lasted for two and a half hours, the theme of the show was based on the theme of the Rio 2007 Games, Viva Essa Energia and the oath of the athletes was performed by Brazilian Taekwondo athlete Natália Falavigna. Also, an abbreviated version of the Olympic Anthem was played. Contrary to plan, the games were not opened by Brazils head of state, President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, prior to the official opening, Lula had been constantly booed whenever the in-stadium camera showed his image or when his name was mentioned. The competitions were carried through in a ray of 25 km, marapendi Club – Tennis City of Sports Complex – Basketball, Cycling, Artistic Gymnastics, Swimming, Synchronized Swimming, Roller Skating
6.
Formula One
–
Formula One is the highest class of single-seat auto racing that is sanctioned by the Fédération Internationale de lAutomobile. The FIA Formula One World Championship has been the form of racing since the inaugural season in 1950. The formula, designated in the name, refers to a set of rules, the F1 season consists of a series of races, known as Grands Prix, held worldwide on purpose-built F1 circuits and public roads. The results of each race are evaluated using a system to determine two annual World Championships, one for drivers, one for constructors. The racing drivers are required to be holders of valid Super Licences, the races are required to be held on tracks graded 1, the highest grade a track can receive by the FIA. Most events are held in locations on purpose-built tracks, but there are several events in city centres throughout the world. Formula One cars are the fastest road racing cars in the world. Formula One cars race at speeds of up to approximately 375 km/h with engines currently limited in performance to a maximum of 15,000 RPM, the cars are capable of lateral acceleration in excess of five g in corners. The performance of the cars is very dependent on electronics – although traction control and other driving aids have been banned since 2008 – and on aerodynamics, suspension, the formula has radically evolved and changed through the history of the sport. F1 had a global television audience of 425 million people during the course of the 2014 season. Grand Prix racing began in 1906 and became the most popular internationally in the second half of the twentieth century. The Formula One Group is the holder of the commercial rights. Its high profile and popularity have created a major merchandising environment, since 2000 the sports spiraling expenditures and the distribution of prize money favoring established top teams have forced complaints from smaller teams and led several teams to bankruptcy. On 23 January 2017 it was confirmed that Liberty Media had completed its $8 billion acquisition of Delta Topco, the Formula One series originated with the European Grand Prix Motor Racing of the 1920s and 1930s. The formula is a set of rules that all cars must meet. Formula One was a new formula agreed upon after World War II during 1946, the first world championship race was held at Silverstone, United Kingdom in 1950. A championship for constructors followed in 1958, national championships existed in South Africa and the UK in the 1960s and 1970s. Non-championship Formula One events were held for years, but due to the increasing cost of competition
7.
Brazilian Grand Prix
–
The Brazilian Grand Prix is a Formula One championship race which is currently held at the Autódromo José Carlos Pace in Interlagos neighborhood, Socorro district, São Paulo. Motor racing started in Brazil before World War II, with races on the 7. 9-mile Gavea circuit in Rio de Janeiro starting in 1934, in 1936 construction began on Brazils first permanent autodrome in the São Paulo neighborhood of Interlagos and was finished in 1940. Brazil held Grands Prix during the parts of WWII at Interlagos and Gavea. Interlagos quickly gained a reputation as being a tough and demanding circuit with many challenging corners, elevation changes, a rough surface, Grand Prix racing was rare in Brazil only until the emergence of São Paulo native Emerson Fittipaldi in Formula One. In 1970, he won his first championship Grand Prix at Watkins Glen in the United States and they then set about refurbishing Interlagos to modern standards. A Brazilian Grand Prix was first held in 1972 at Interlagos, typical of European motorsports at the time, this race was done as a test to convince the FIA if the Interlagos circuit and its organizers could capably hold a Grand Prix. The following year, however, the race was first included in the official calendar, in 1974, Fittipaldi won again in rain soaked conditions, and the year after, another São Paulo native, Carlos Pace, won the race in his Brabham, followed by Fittipaldi. 1977 was won by Reutemann, but the drivers began complaining about Interlagoss very rough surface, but the Interlagos surface was still very bumpy. Formula One was originally supposed to back to Interlagos for the 1981 season after the track surface there would be repaved. The drivers were dissatisfied with the safety conditions of the very bumpy 5-mile Interlagos circuit which had not been changed after the years improvements. The bad surface was so rough that the bumps caused mechanical problems for some cars, also, the barriers and catch-fence arrangements were not adequate enough for Formula One. Jody Scheckter attempted to stop the race going ahead but this did not work. In 1978 the Brazilian Grand Prix moved to Jacarepaguá in Rio de Janeiro, argentine Carlos Reutemann dominated in his Ferrari, which was equipped with superior Michelin tyres. This proved to be the French companys first victory in Formula One, Reutemann was followed by home favorite Fittipaldi and defending champion Niki Lauda. After the emergence in 1980 of Rio de Janeiro racer Nelson Piquet, the flat Jacarepaguá circuit, like Interlagos before it, proved to be extremely demanding, most corners were long and fast, some were slightly banked and the track had a very abrasive surface. Due to all of those circumstances, Grands Prix at Rio were highly demanding, the race also saw Italian Riccardo Patrese retire due to physical exhaustion. The 1989 event was the last race at Jacarepaguá, São Paulo native Ayrton Sennas success thus far in Formula One had city officials working hard to revamp the Interlagos circuit in a $15 million investment to shorten and smooth over the circuit. In 1990 the Grand Prix returned to a shortened Interlagos, where it has stayed since, the first race at the new Interlagos in 1990 was won by Alain Prost, who won his 40th career race and his 6th Brazilian Grand Prix
8.
Maria Lenk Aquatics Center
–
The Maria Lenk Aquatics Center is an aquatics centre that is part of the City of Sports Complex, in Barra da Tijuca. It is part of the investments made by the city Rio de Janeiro to host the swimming, during the 2016 Summer Olympics it hosted group matches of water polo and the synchronised swimming and diving competitions. The name of the park is a tribute to the Brazilian swimmer Maria Lenk. The water park was designed in accordance with established parameters and specifications of the International Swimming Federation and it is partially covered and includes an Olympic-sized swimming pool, an indoor heating and a tank for diving. The complex has the capacity to receive about 8,000 people, the construction area is 42,000 square metres. Until now, the year 2009, the BOC did not do any activity on the site. However, the park, as well as other facilities built for the achievement of the Pan American Games, was one of the assets of the citys bid for the 2016 Summer Olympics. Júlio Delamare Aquatics Centre Swimming Olympic Centre of Bahia Rio2016. org. br Bid package
9.
Jeunesse Arena
–
Jeunesse Arena is an indoor multi-purpose arena, located in the region of Barra da Tijuca, in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. It is named for the American cosmetics company Jeunesse Global through a rights deal closed in 2017. Before, the name was HSBC Arena. The arena was completed in July 2007 and was first known as Arena Olímpica do Rio, from December 2007 to March 2008, it was known as RioArena. The arena has a capacity of 14,981 people for sports, queen + Paul Rodgers concluded their Rock the Cosmos Tour at the arena on 29 November 2008. Demi Lovato performed at the arena for her South American Tour 2010 on May 27,2010, miley Cyrus performed at the arena for her Gypsy Heart Tour on May 13,2011, and it was Cyrus first concert in Brazil. On March 27,2011, Iron Maidens performance at the arena had to be postponed to the night after a security barrier collapsed during the opening song. The entire audience was allowed to attend the nights show. The arena hosted the basketball and gymnastics events at the 2007 Pan American Games and it has also hosted the telethon show, Criança Esperança, after 2008, replacing Ginásio Ibirapuera as the host. Starting on 29 March 2008, it was renamed as the HSBC Arena, the arena hosted UFCs second event in Brazil, UFC134, which took place on August 27,2011. It was the first event in Brazil in over ten years. Four other UFC events have since held in the arena, UFC142, on January 14,2012, UFC153, on October 13,2012, UFC163, on August 3,2013. An NBA game between the Chicago Bulls and the Washington Wizards was also held at HSBC Arena in 2013, the arena also hosted the 2014 edition of the FIBA Intercontinental Cup between Flamengo and Maccabi Tel Aviv. The NBA also hosted a game between the Cleveland Cavaliers and the Miami Heat on 11 October 2014, as part of the NBA Global Games. In 2017, Jeunesse Arena will host 2017 League of Legends Mid-Season Invitational, the HSBC Arena name was not used during the Olympics, since corporate sponsorship is not allowed in the names of Olympic venues. In the 2016 Summer Paralympics, RioArena hosted the basketball tournament. HSBC Arena website Website HSBC Arena 360° Virtual Tour UFC no HSBC Arena
10.
Basketball at the 2007 Pan American Games
–
Basketball at the 2007 Pan American Games took place at the indoor arena in the Autódromo de Jacarépagua built specially for the Pan Am Games. Brazil was the reigning Pan American champion in the mens competition, each competition had eight teams divided in two groups. In each group, each team played against all others once, the two latter in each group played in 5th to 8th classification matches. The womens competition started on July 20 with the held on July 24. The mens competition bega on July 25, with the finals on July 29
11.
Barra Velodrome
–
The Olympic Aquatics Stadium now occupies the former site of the velodrome. The indoor arena for track cycling would be the first in Brazil and second in South America with a track, designed. It would originally be a facility, but by 2007 the Rio city administration decided to turn into a permanent one. After the conclusion of the games, the Barra Velodrome quickly became obsolete, after Rio de Janeiro secured the rights to host the 2016 Summer Olympics and Paralympics, the velodrome was penned as the venue for track cycling. However, in 2013 the International Cycling Union declared, to the dismay of taxpayers and local media, riders during the 2007 Pan American Games were only able to achieve top speeds of 70 km/h. It was decided after the fact that a new velodrome was to be built for the Olympics. Upgrading the existing velodrome to meet the standard required by the UCI, according to the Mayor of Rio de Janeiro, Eduardo Paes, would cost equally as much as building a brand new venue. The Rio Olympic Velodrome, constructed north of the site of the Barra Velodrome, served as its replacement, the temporary Olympic Aquatics Stadium, which hosted swimming and water polo, was built on the former site of the Barra Velodrome. It will be succeeded by two smaller swimming venues after the conclusion of the games, venues of the 2007 Pan American Games City of Sports Complex, Rio 2007 official website
12.
Brazilian real
–
The real is the present-day currency of Brazil. Its sign is R$ and its ISO code is BRL and it is divided into 100 centavos. At the time it was meant to have approximately fixed 1,1 exchange rate with the United States dollar. It suffered a sudden devaluation to a rate of about 2,1 in 1999, reached almost 4,1 in 2002, the exchange rate as of September 2015 was BRL4.05 to USD1.00. However Unicode considers the difference to be only a matter of font design, the new currency replaced the short-lived cruzeiro real. The reform included the demonetisation of the real and required a massive banknote replacement. At its introduction, the real was defined to be equal to 1 unidade real de valor a non-circulating currency unit. At the same time the URV was defined to be worth 2750 cruzeiros reais, as a consequence, the real was worth exactly one U. S. dollar as it was introduced. Combined with all previous currency changes in the history, this reform made the new real equal to 2.75 ×1018 of Brazils original réis. Soon after its introduction, the real unexpectedly gained value against the U. S. dollar, during that period it attained its maximum dollar value ever, about US$1.20. In January 1999 the deterioration of the markets, disrupted by the Russian default, forced the Central Bank, under its new president Arminio Fraga. This decision produced a major devaluation, to a rate of almost R$2, many Brazilians feared another default on government debts or a resumption of heterodox economic policies, and rushed to exchange their reais into tangible assets or foreign currencies. In October 2002 the exchange rate reached its low of almost R$4 per US$1. The value of the real in dollars continued to fluctuate but generally upwards, so that by 2005 the exchange was a little over R$2, US$1. Brazil, and sometimes used in bordering countries, especially Brazil/Uruguay and Brazil/Paraguay borders in every year millions of Brazilians go shopping at the duty-free stores etc. It is also accepted in Argentina, not only in shops and duty-free stores in border cities like Puerto Iguazú but also in shops and restaurants in the capital city. Along with the first series of currency, coins were introduced in denominations of 1,5,10 and 50 centavos and 1 real, all were struck in stainless steel. The original 1-real coins dated 1994-1997 have been withdrawn from circulation since 31 December 1997, in 1998, a second series of coins was introduced
13.
Union Cycliste Internationale
–
The Union Cycliste Internationale, commonly known by the acronym UCI, is the world governing body for sports cycling and oversees international competitive cycling events. The UCI is based in Aigle, Switzerland, the UCI issues racing licenses to riders and enforces disciplinary rules, such as in matters of doping. It also oversees the World Championships, UCI was founded in 1900 in Paris by the national cycling sports organisations of Belgium, the United States, France, Italy, and Switzerland. Britain found itself outflanked and it was not able to join the UCI – under the conditions the UCI had imposed – until 1903, there were originally 30 countries affiliated to the union. They did not have voting power and some had no vote at all. Votes were distributed by the number of tracks, or velodromes, France had 18 votes, the highest number, and Germany and Italy 14 each. Britain had eight, a number the writer Bill Mills said was acquired by including many rather doubtful grass tracks, in 1965, under the pressure of the IOC, the UCI created two subsidiary bodies, the International Amateur Cycling Federation and the International Professional Cycling Federation. The UCI assumed a role coordinating both bodies, the FIAC was based in Rome, the FICP in Luxembourg, and the UCI in Geneva. The FIAC was the bigger of the two organisations, with 127 member federations across all five continents and it was dominated by the countries of the Eastern bloc which were amateur. The FIAC arranged representation of cycling at the Olympic Games, in 1992, the UCI reunified the FIAC and FICP, and merged them back into the UCI. The combined organisation then relocated to Aigle, close to the IOC in Lausanne, in 2004, the UCI constructed a 200-metre velodrome at the new World Cycling Centre adjacent to its headquarters. In September 2007 the UCI announced that it had decided to award ProTour status for the first time ever to an event outside of Europe, the announcement followed negotiations between UCI President Pat McQuaid and South Australian Premier Mike Rann. In 2013 Tracey Gaudry became the first woman appointed as president of the UCI. The UCI organises cyclings world championships, administration of which it gives to member nations, the first championships were on the road and on the track. They were allocated originally to member nations in turn, on condition the country was deemed competent, a nation given a championship or series of championships was required to pay the UCI30 per cent of ticket receipts from the track and 10 per cent from the road. Of this, the UCI kept 30 per cent and gave the rest to competing nations in proportion to the number of events in which it competed, the highest gate money in this pre-war era was 600000 francs in Paris in 1903. There were originally five championships, amateur and professional sprint, amateur and professional road race, continental European organisers generally preferred massed races on circuits, fenced throughout or along the finish to charge for entry. The original records were on the track, unpaced, human-paced and they were promoted for three classes of bicycle, solos, tandems and unusual machines such as what are now known as recumbents, on which the rider lies horizontal
14.
Rio Olympic Velodrome
–
The Rio Olympic Velodrome, officially the Velódromo Municipal do Rio, is a velodrome located in the Barra Olympic Park sports complex in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. After the conclusion of the games, the velodrome will form part of the Olympic Training Center, the Rio Olympic Velodrome was designed by Schuermann Architects, a German design group led by Ralph Schuermann. The group had previously designed the Laoshan Velodrome for the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, along six other Olympic cycling venues. The wooden track is made from timber sourced from the Siberian pine, the original plan for the expansion of the City of Sports Complex into the current-day Barra Olympic Park would have seen the Barra Velodrome receive minor upgrades to prepare it for the Olympics. Tenders to construct and operate the venue were opened in October 2013 and won by Brazilian engineering firm Tecnosolo S. A, the cost did not include the budget for track installation, which was to be the responsibility of the Olympic Organizing Committee. Construction of the velodrome was marred by many issues and controversies, as with every track cycling venue purpose-built for the Olympics since the 1960 games, the Rio Olympic Velodrome faced cost overruns by its final year of construction. Despite these troubles, Mário Andrada, a spokesperson for the Rio Organizing Committee, stated, the velodrome, even though a little late, will not impact the test event. In April 2015, construction was suspended by Brazils Ministry of Labor and Employment, claiming a grave. The temporary suspension added even more stress on the timetable, with works being sped up significantly afterwards. Blame was put on poor conditions for the installation of the Siberian-sourced timber, troubles further escalated when Tecnosolo, the venues construction and operation contractor, filed for bankruptcy in late May. Brazilian real estate firm Engetécnica, who were hired as a subcontractor for the venue in February, were hired to replace Tecnosolo. By the end of May, the track had finally been installed, with the estimated to be 88 percent complete. On 26 June 2016, a month before the start of the 2016 Summer Olympics, the very first training events held at the venue took place the previous day. Additional works on the velodrome were completed on 10 July, and Olympic cyclists were allowed access on 24 July, men Women Olympic Games - Facilities - Barra Region Rio de Janeiro Olympic venues map
15.
Rede Globo
–
Rede Globo, or simply Globo, is a Brazilian free-to-air television network, launched by media proprietor Roberto Marinho on 26 April 1965. It is owned by media conglomerate Grupo Globo, being by far the largest of its holdings, Globo is headquartered in the Jardim Botânico neighborhood of Rio de Janeiro, where its news division is based. The networks main studios are located at a complex dubbed Estúdios Globo. It is composed of 122 owned and affiliate stations throughout Brazil plus its own international networks, Globo TV International. In 2007, Globo moved its operations to high-definition television production for digital broadcasting. Rede Globo is one of the largest media companies in the world, through its network, the broadcaster covers 98. 6% of Brazils territory. Recognized for its quality, the company has already been presented with 14 international Emmys. In July 1957, Brazilian President Juscelino Kubitschek approved a request by Radio Globo to establish a television channel, on 30 December 1957, the National Council of Telecommunication published a decree which granted a channel in Rio de Janeiro to TV Globo Ltda. Globo then started preparing the beginning of its broadcasting operations. Globo began broadcasting on 26 April 1965 in Rio de Janeiro on channel four and that same day, at about 10,45 a. m. Rubens Amaral formally introduced Rede Globo to viewers in Rio de Janeiro, by May of that same year, the live telecast of the Holy Mass, which later became its longest running and oldest program, was seen for the first time. The following year, Globo purchased another television station, São Paulo-based TV Paulista, expanding its operations, in January 1966, Globo broadcast its first major news coverage on flooding in Rio. Jornal da Globo, another show for the network, was the successor to Ultranoticias. It featured a broadcast time of 15 minutes and was hosted by Hilton Gomez and, later, in 1967, Globo began to build its national network with the affiliation of Porto Alegre-based TV Gaúcha. TV Gaúcha would become Globos affiliate in Florianopolis in the late 1970s and it is one of Globo s oldest affiliates, active since 1962, three years before Globo was launched. Uberlândias TV Triângulo and Goiânias TV Anhanguera soon followed in 1967 and 1968, the now extinct TV Guajará, based in Belém, was launched in 1969, and was followed by TV Verdes Mares the following year. 1968 was also the year in which Globos branch station in Belo Horizonte, Rede Globo Minas, was launched, as well as the very first microwave broadcasts between Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo. On 1 September 1969, the country and national television broadcasting changed with the premiere of Jornal Nacional and its theme music, The Fuzz by Frank DeVol, became one of the shows trademarks, together with the program logo and the Boa Noite closing established by the hosts
16.
State school
–
State schools generally refer to primary or secondary schools mandated for or offered to all children without charge, funded in whole or in part by taxation. The term may refer to public institutions of post-secondary education. State education is inclusive, both in its treatment of students and in that enfranchisement for the government of public education is as broad as for government generally and it is often organized and operated to be a deliberate model of the civil community in which it functions. Although typically provided to groups of students in classrooms in a school, it may be provided in-home, employing visiting teachers. It can also be provided in non-school, non-home settings, such as shopping mall space, State education is generally available to all. In most countries, it is compulsory for children to school up to a certain age. In the case of private schooling, schools operate independently of the state, the funding for state schools, on the other hand, is provided by tax revenues, so that even individuals who do not attend school help to ensure that society is educated. In poverty stricken societies, authorities are often lax on compulsory school attendance because child labour is exploited and it is these same children whose income-securing labor cannot be forfeited to allow for school attendance. The term public education when applied to schools is not synonymous with the term publicly funded education. Government may make a policy decision that it wants to have some financial resources distributed in support of, and it may want to have some control over. Grants-in-aid of private schools and vouchers systems provide examples of publicly funded private education, conversely, a state school may rely heavily on private funding such as high fees or private donations and still be considered state by virtue of governmental ownership and control. In some countries, private associations or churches can operate schools according to their own principles, when these specific requirements are met, especially in the area of the school curriculum, the schools will qualify to receive state funding. Proponents of state education assert it to be necessary because of the need in society for people who are capable of reading, writing. In most industrialized countries, these views are distinctly in the minority, Government schools are free to attend for Australian citizens and permanent residents, whereas independent schools usually charge attendance fees. They can be divided into two categories, open and selective schools, the open schools accept all students from their government-defined catchment areas. Government schools educate approximately 65% of Australian students, with approximately 34% in Catholic, regardless of whether a school is part of the Government or independent systems, they are required to adhere to the same curriculum frameworks of their state or territory. The curriculum framework however provides for flexibility in the syllabus. Public or Government funded schools are found throughout Bangladesh and these schools mostly teach students from Year 1 to 10, with examinations for students in years 5,8, and 10
17.
Rock in Rio
–
Rock in Rio is a recurring music festival originating in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. It later branched into other locations such as Lisbon, Madrid, the seventh Brazilian edition will happen from September 15 to 24,2017. In 2011, Rock in Rio returned to its location, Rio de Janeiro, with a new line-up of singers. The first edition of the festival was held from January 11–20,1985, Queen, George Benson, Rod Stewart, AC/DC and Yes were the headliners, each occupying top spot for two nights. About 1.4 million people attended the 10-day-long festival. Rock in Rio in numbers The City of Rock, which was built for the festival, covered an area of 250,000 m²1,600,000 liters of beverages were served, using 4 million plastic cups. McDonalds sold 58,000 hamburgers in a day, which was a Guinness World Record until the fourth edition in 2011. The full list of artists who performed at Rock in Rio, Both Queen shows were filmed and broadcast throughout Brazil by Globo. Each show was watched by nearly 200 million people in over 60 countries and in front of 350 and it was later broadcast in the United States on MTV as Queen, Live in Rio. Iron Maiden was the only act to play just one concert at the festival, due to other bookings. During the song Revelations, lead singer Bruce Dickinson hit himself accidentally with a guitar, Dickinson continued to sing in spite of heavy bleeding. They performed in front of a crowd of 350,000 people too, the Go-Gos broke up after their two Rock in Rio performances, though they would later reunite in the 1990s. The two Rock in Rio shows were the debut and swansong for short-tenured Go-Gos member Paula Jean Brown, chris Frantz and Tina Weymouth, at the time Talking Heads drummer and bass player, respectively, took part at the B-52s concerts. They joined the band from the song on and played along with them for the remainder of the performance. The January 20 appearance of the B-52s would turn out to be their last with guitarist Ricky Wilson, initially, Def Leppard was scheduled to play at the festival. However, they dropped out two months before the event, due to delays on the recording process of the album Hysteria. Eleven days before the date Def Leppard would have played at the festival, the second edition was held from January 18–27,1991 at the Maracanã stadium. Headliners were Guns N Roses, Prince and George Michael, each being top billed for two of the nine nights
18.
Katy Perry
–
Katheryn Elizabeth Hudson, known professionally as Katy Perry, is an American singer and songwriter. After singing in church during her childhood, she pursued a career in music as a teenager. Perry signed with Red Hill Records and released her studio album Katy Hudson under her birth name in 2001. She moved to Los Angeles the following year to venture into music after Red Hill ceased operations and she subsequently began working with producers Glen Ballard, Dr. Luke. After adopting the stage name Katy Perry and being dropped by The Island Def Jam Music Group and Columbia Records, the album became the first by a female artist to produce five number-one songs in the U. S. and the second overall after Michael Jacksons album Bad. In March 2012, she re-issued the album as Teenage Dream, The Complete Confection and her fourth album, Prism, was released in 2013, and is influenced by pop and dance. She became the first artist with multiple videos to one billion views on Vevo with the videos for its songs Roar. Perry has received awards, including four Guinness World Records, a Brit Award, and a Juno Award. Her estimated net worth as of 2016 is $125 million and she is one of the best-selling musical artists of all time, having sold 100 million records globally throughout her career. In film, she released a documentary titled Katy Perry, Part of Me in 2012. Katheryn Elizabeth Hudson was born in Santa Barbara, California, to Pentecostal pastors Mary Christine and her parents are born again Christians, each having turned to religion after a wild youth. Perry has English, German, Irish, and Portuguese ancestry, through her mother, she is a niece of film director Frank Perry. She has a brother named David, who is a singer. From ages 3 to 11, Perry often moved across the country as her parents set up churches before settling again in Santa Barbara. Growing up, she attended schools and camps, including Paradise Valley Christian School in Arizona. Her family struggled financially, sometimes using food stamps and eating from the bank intended to feed the congregation at her parents church. Growing up, Perry and her siblings were not allowed to eat Lucky Charms as the term luck reminded their mother of Lucifer, Perry primarily listened to gospel music, as secular music was generally discouraged in the familys home. She discovered popular music through CDs she sneaked from her friends, while not strictly identifying as religious, Perry has stated, I pray all the time – for self-control, for humility
19.
Olympic Green
–
The Olympic Green is an Olympic Park in Chaoyang District, Beijing, China constructed for the 2008 Summer Olympics. Since then, the streets around the park have been used for a street race of the FIA GT1 World Championship in 2011. It will again serve as an Olympic Park when Beijing hosts the 2022 Winter Olympics, the Beijing National Stadium or Birds Nest is the centerpiece of this project. It hosted the opening and closing ceremonies, athletics, and football finals of the Games, the stadium has room for 91,000 spectators, but the capacity was reduced to 80,000 after the Olympics. It will be the site of the opening and closing ceremonies of the 2022 Winter Olympics, the Beijing National Aquatics Center or Water Cube hosted the swimming, diving and synchronized swimming events. It has a capacity of 6,000 and is located next to the National Stadium and it will be the site of the curling competitions during the 2022 Winter Olympics. The Beijing National Indoor Stadium or the Fan held the handball, artistic gymnastics, with a capacity of 19,000, it was the main indoor arena used during the Games. The National Speed Skating Oval is an arena that will be built for the 2022 Winter Olympics, the Olympic Green Convention Center, also called the National Convention Center, held fencing and, the shooting and fencing disciplines of the modern pentathlon. It is also used as the International Broadcast Center and the Main Press Center, the center covers an area of 270,000 square meters. The Olympic Green Hockey Field hosted the hockey events. It covered an area of 11.87 hectares with 2 courts and it was deconstructed after the Games. The Olympic Green Archery Field hosted the archery events, the field occupied 9.22 hectares and had a capacity of 5,000. It was dismantled after the Games, the Olympic Green Tennis Center hosted the tennis and wheelchair tennis events. It has 16 courts and a capacity of 17,400 and it opened on October 1,2007. The park itself, outside of the venues constructed on the Olympic Green and these included the racewalk events, where the loops occurred on the Olympic Green, and the portion of the marathons just outside the National Stadium. The Beijing Olympic Village housed all the participating athletes, the village is made up of 22 6-story buildings and 20 9-story buildings. The Digital Beijing Building served during the Games as the data center and it was the only building on the Green at the time of the Olympics that was not an event venue. Since then it has converted into a museum of the Digital Olympics
20.
Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park
–
It contains the athletes Olympic Village and several of the sporting venues including the London Stadium and London Aquatics Centre, besides the London Olympics Media Centre. The park is overlooked by the ArcelorMittal Orbit, an observation tower and it was simply called Olympic Park during the Games but was later renamed to commemorate the Diamond Jubilee of Elizabeth II. The park occupies an area straddling four east London boroughs, Newham, Tower Hamlets, Hackney, part of the park reopened in July 2013, with a large majority of the rest reopening in April 2014. The site covers parts of Stratford, Bow, Leyton, and Hackney Wick in east London, the site was previously a mixture of greenfield and brownfield land, including parts of Hackney Marshes. The Royal Mail gave the park and Stratford City the postcode E20, the park was designed by the EDAW Consortium, working with Arup and WS Atkins. Detailed landscape architecture was by LDA Design in conjunction with Hargreaves Associates, LDA design contracted Wallace Whittle to carry out various aspects of the M+E Building services design. The NHBC carried out the Sustainability assessments, the park was illuminated with a lighting scheme designed by Sutton Vane Associates. The fencing arena was also cancelled, with the events taking place at ExCeL London. The remaining indoor arenas are the Basketball Arena and the Copper Box, in addition to the Water Polo Arena, the Aquatics Centre, the final design of the park was approved by the Olympic Delivery Authority and its planning-decisions committee. The Legacy List is the independent charity for Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park, Sarah Weir, who is an Executive Director of the Almeida Theatre and was running Arts Council England, found The Legacy List, the Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park charity. In autumn 2013 Sarah moved on to take up the role of Chief Executive at Waddesdon Manor, during its construction over 80,000 workers were engaged on the project. The construction of the Olympic Park was managed by CLM Delivery Partner, comprising CH2M Hill, Laing ORourke, CLM specifically managed the white space between the venue construction zones, including managing the internal road network. No one, except perhaps the admirable Oudolf, wants to do the quiet stuff, great care was taken to make the Athletes Village aesthetically orderly, to the point where it began to resemble Ceausescus Bucharest, this eruption makes such efforts futile. Robert Holden and Tom Turner, in a review of the Olympic Parks landscape architecture state that Our fundamental point is that the planning is much better than the landscape design. The landscape planning includes the opening up of the River Lea in the section of the park, the habitat-creation strategy. The landscape design is dominated by vast pedestrian concourses which will be busy during events, there is some good garden-type planting but it has not been used to make gardens, it is used more like strips of planting beside highways. The park has a number of uses after the 2012 Summer Olympic Games in London finished, such as, a university exploiting the sporting facilities and high-tech communications infrastructure remaining specialising in sport science, digital media and green technology. 3,600 apartments, the East Village, next to the Stratford City neighbourhood of Stratford, the Orbit, a steel tower which is the largest public work of art in the UK and a major tourist attraction
21.
Athens Olympic Sports Complex
–
The Athens Olympic Park, is a sport facilities complex located at Marousi, northeast Athens, Greece. The complex consists of five major venues as well as other sport facilities. The Olympic Athletic Center of Athens has hosted the Mediterranean Games in 1991, the most significant event the Athens Olympic Sports Complex has hosted, was the Olympic Games. OACA was the venue for the Athens Olympic Games in 2004. The complex was revamped for the games under a design produced by the Spanish architect Santiago Calatrava and it is currently used as the home ground of AEK Athens F. C. one of the biggest football clubs in Greece. The Nikos Galis Olympic Indoor Hall was completed in 1995, and was the largest indoor venue in use for sporting events at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens and it is part of the Athens Olympic Sports Complex, in the suburb of Maroussi. The arena was used for gymnastics and trampolining and also hosted the finals of the basketball matches at the games. On May 18 and 20,2006, the Olympic Indoor Hall hosted the 51st Eurovision Song Contest, the Athens Olympic Sports Complex can be reached by Metro, by suburban train, or by direct bus lines [A7,602,550. The table below illustrates how the Athens Olympic Sports Complex facilities are used today,2004 Summer Olympics official report, pp.201,207,227,231,242,273,303,324,329,346,409. Media related to Athens Olympic Sports Complex at Wikimedia Commons Official site Olympic Indoor hall info and pictures at stadia. gr
22.
Sydney Olympic Park
–
Sydney Olympic Park is a large sporting, cultural and leisure complex in western Sydney. It is also a suburb of Sydney, commonly known as Olympic Park. Sydney Olympic Park is located 16 kilometres west of the Sydney central business district, the area was redeveloped for the 2000 Olympics. The suburb also contains commercial development and extensive parklands, the area was originally part of the suburb of Homebush Bay, but was designated a suburb in its own right in 2009. The Wangal clan of Indigenous Australians lived in the area before British settlement, the area was called The Flats by a scouting party shortly after the arrival of the First Fleet in 1788. It became part of the Newington Estate in 1807, which was acquired by John Blaxland, the Government acquired some of the land for an aged womens home in the late 19th century. Much of the land was reclaimed from the river and wetlands by landfill, in the mid-1980s, an area bounded by Australia Avenue and what are now Herb Elliott Avenue and Sarah Durack Avenue was promoted as a technology park called the Australia Centre. However, apart from a few relatively high tech businesses like AWA Microelectronics, BASF, Philips and Sanyo, the idea did not catch on, in any event, a decade later the entire area became the site for the Sydney 2000 Olympics. Before its transformation, a part of Olympic Park was derelict former industrial land, after more than a century of industrial. The site was home to a brickworks, abattoir and an armaments depot as well as being the site for eight of Sydneys rubbish dumps. These activities resulted in a contaminated site with little natural ecology. Sixty-five percent of the soils were required to be excavated and contained on-site, commercial developments now sit alongside sporting facilities with tenants in office buildings such as Commonwealth Bank from September 2007. A five-star Pullman hotel and a two-star Formule 1 hotel were completed in mid-2008, the parklands have undergone redevelopment with Blaxland Riverside Park being transformed into an urban park along Parramatta River. The Park opened on 3 March 2007, in addition the Wentworth Common area was upgraded with significant adventure playground facilities for children aged 8–13 years. Auburn Council sought public comment on a proposal to rename the Homebush Bay area and it hosts the Big Day Out music festival and has been the venue for free, open air performances as part of the Sydney Festival such as Movies in the Overflow and Music by Moonlight. The Newington Armory has in the past been the venue for the now-defunct Great Escape and Acoustica at the Armory music festivals, in August 2009, the funerals for the murdered Lin family were held here. Every December since 2009, the V8 Supercar event, the Sydney 500, is held through the streets of the Olympic precinct, however, it was announced in March 2016 that the event would no longer take place at Sydney Olympic Park following its final edition in December 2016. EB Games Expo has been held at The Sydney Showgrounds from 2012 to present
23.
Centennial Olympic Park
–
Centennial Olympic Park is a 21-acre public park located in downtown Atlanta, Georgia owned and operated by the Georgia World Congress Center Authority. It was built by the Atlanta Committee for the Olympic Games as part of the improvements for the 1996 Summer Olympics. It plays host to millions of visitors a year and several events, including a popular music concert series. The park property was previously a variety of vacant lots and abandoned or run-down industrial buildings, aCOGs chief executive, Billy Payne, conceived it as both a central gathering location for visitors and spectators during the Olympics and as a lasting legacy for the city. With the park being the showcase to the world during the Olympics, ACOG decided to hold a competition to lay out. Architect EDAW, with the construction and design firm H. J. Russell & Company entry, was selected as the design for the park by ACOG. Centennial Olympic Park was constructed in two phases, phase I of construction was completed July 1996, just in time for 1996 Olympic Summer Games at a cost of US$28 million. During the Olympics, the park contained sponsor exhibits, hosted entertainment and medal presentations, phase II construction took place shortly after the Olympics were over and was completed during the following year, in 1998, at the cost of US$15 million. The celebrations in the park were marred by the July 27 bombing which killed two people and injured one hundred eleven others, security at the park and at all sporting venues was subsequently raised to include bag searches and metal detectors at all entrances. The bombing site is adjacent to the Parks Centennial Tree and it was closed shortly after the Olympics for renovations until spring 1998. On March 14,2008, the park sustained minor damage when a tornado tore through downtown Atlanta, two of the 65-foot-tall light towers were blown down. It was the first tornado to hit the area since weather record keeping began in the 1880s. It is bounded by Marietta Street to the west, Baker Street to the north and Centennial Olympic Park Drive to the east, andrew Young International Boulevard, named for the former Atlanta mayor and United Nations ambassador, runs through the southern portion of the park. Since 2008, the area around the park has been marketed, the Atlanta Streetcar will pass along the east side of the park, with a stop for the park on Centennial Olympic Drive. It forms a splash pad that was designed for children to frolic in and it consists of 251 jets that shoot 12 to 35 feet in the air, and also creates a beautiful water sculpture that is essentially the front yard of the nearby museum. There are several pieces of sculpture scattered through the park including a statue of Pierre de Coubertin, a small amphitheatre is located at the southern end of the park. The park has shows at the fountain all 365 days of the year and they play at 12,30 p. m.3,30 p. m.6,30 p. m. and 9,30 p. m. In July 2013, SkyView Atlanta, a transportable Ferris wheel, the 200-foot wheel features 42 air-conditioned cars and excellent views of the park and the surrounding area
24.
ABC News (Australia)
–
ABC News is a national news service in Australia produced by the News and Current Affairs division of the Australian Broadcasting Corporation. The division is responsible for all news-gathering and production of output for ABC television, radio. Although the ABC is owned and funded by the Australian Government, the flagship radio news programs, AM, The World Today and PM are broadcast over various ABC radio outlets. ABC television news bulletins are broadcast throughout the day — including the flagship nightly 7pm state-based bulletins, bulletins focus strongly on issues of state relevance, with a greater inclusion of national and international news items than are found in the news bulletins of commercial broadcasters. The programme is shown online and on Australia Plus in the Asia Pacific region. Weekend Breakfast is broadcast weekends from 7am -11, 00am on ABC and ABC News 24 from ABCs main national news studios in Sydney at Ultimo and is presented by Andrew Geoghegan and Miriam Corowa. ABC News Mornings is presented by Joe OBrien from the ABCs main national news studios in Sydney at Ultimo, sport is presented by Paul Kennedy and weather is presented by Nate Byrne. A separate edition of the bulletin is produced for Western Australia two to three hours after the original broadcast, as the delay was deemed too long to remain up-to-date. Both versions air on ABC News 24, the bulletin was launched in February 2005 to replace the less successful Midday News and Business, preceded in turn by the long-running World at Noon. ABC News Early Edition is presented by James McHale from ABCs Perth studios and airs weekdays at 5pm on ABC in each Australian state, weather is presented by Graham Creed. 7.30 is presented by Leigh Sales and Matt Wordsworth from the ABCs main national news studios in Ultimo, Sydney on ABC at 7. 30pm, however, when a big state political event happens, the national program can be pre-empted by the local edition. Lateline is presented by Tony Jones and Emma Alberici from the ABCs main national news studios at Ultimo, Sydney, the program has developed a reputation for head-to-head debates on current issues and political interviews. National news updates are presented on ABC throughout the day with evening updates presented live in most states by the state news presenters. The ABCs Brisbane studios produces the 8. 30pm weeknight update, National updates are also available on demand via ABC News Online. The news bulletins such as ABC News Mornings, ABC News Afternoons, The World, The World This Week, Weekend Breakfast, ABC News Canberra is presented from the ABCs Dickson studios by Dan Bourchier on weeknights and Craig Allen on weekends with sports presenter Chris Kimball. ABC News New South Wales is presented from the ABCs Ultimo studios by Juanita Phillips, weather is presented by Graham Creed on weeknights. The Sydney bulletin was first presented in 1956 by veteran newsreader James Dibble until June 1983 when he was replaced by Richard Morecroft - who remained as presenter for the two decades. ABC News Northern Territory is presented from ABC Northerns Darwin studios by Eleni Roussos from Sunday to Thursday, ABC News Queensland is presented from the ABCs Queensland headquarters on Brisbanes South Bank by Karina Carvalho on weeknights and Jessica van Vonderen on weekends
25.
Australian Broadcasting Corporation
–
The Australian Broadcasting Corporation is Australias national public broadcaster, owned and funded by the government. The ABC plays a role in the history of broadcasting in Australia. With a total budget of A$1. Founded in 1929 as the Australian Broadcasting Company, it was made a state-owned corporation on 1 July 1932 as the Australian Broadcasting Commission. The Australian Broadcasting Corporation Act 1983 changed the name of the organisation to the Australian Broadcasting Corporation, although funded and owned by the government, the ABC remains editorially independent as ensured through the Australian Broadcasting Corporation Act 1983. The ABC is sometimes referred to as Aunty, originally in imitation of the British Broadcasting Corporations nickname. The first public station in Australia opened in Sydney on 23 November 1923 under the call sign 2SB with other stations in Melbourne, Brisbane, Adelaide, Perth. It also nationalised the Australian Broadcasting Company which had created by entertainment interests to supply programs to various radio stations. Over the next four years the stations were reformed into a broadcasting organisation through regular program relays. The Australian broadcast radio spectrum was constituted of the ABC and the commercial sector, in 1942 The Australian Broadcasting Act was passed, giving the ABC the power to decide when, and in what circumstances, political speeches should be broadcast. Directions from the Minister about whether or not to broadcast any matter now had to be made in writing and it was used only once, in 1963. In the same year, Kindergarten of the Air began on ABC Radio in Perth, cater argues that reform was urgently needed in 1945, By the end of World War II, the ABC was a decadent, hollow institution. Its authority had been compromised by a poorly drafted charter and further undermined by timid management, poor governance, in April 1945, Boyer refused to accept the post of chairman until Prime Minister Curtin issued a mandate of independence which Boyer drafted itself. The ABC commenced television broadcasting in 1956, and followed the earlier practice of naming the station after the first letter of the base state. ABN-2 Sydney was inaugurated by Prime Minister Robert Menzies on 5 November 1956, with the first broadcast presented by Michael Charlton, aBV-2 followed two weeks later, on 18 November 1956. Stations in other cities followed, ABQ-2, ABS-2, ABW-2. ABC-3 Canberra opened in 1961, and ABD-6 started broadcasting in 1971, although radio programs could be distributed nationally by landline, television relay facilities were not in place until the early 1960s. This meant that news bulletins had to be sent to each city by teleprinter, to be prepared and presented separately in each city, with filmed materials copied manually
26.
The Guardian
–
The Guardian is a British daily newspaper, known from 1821 until 1959 as the Manchester Guardian. Along with its sister papers The Observer and The Guardian Weekly, The Guardian is part of the Guardian Media Group, the Scott Trust became a limited company in 2008, with a constitution to maintain the same protections for The Guardian. Profits are reinvested in journalism rather than to the benefit of an owner or shareholders, the Guardian is edited by Katharine Viner, who succeeded Alan Rusbridger in 2015. In 2016, The Guardians print edition had a daily circulation of roughly 162,000 copies in the country, behind The Daily Telegraph. The newspaper has an online UK edition as well as two international websites, Guardian Australia and Guardian US, the newspapers online edition was the fifth most widely read in the world in October 2014, with over 42.6 million readers. Its combined print and online editions reach nearly 9 million British readers, notable scoops include the 2011 News International phone hacking scandal, in particular the hacking of murdered English teenager Milly Dowlers phone. The investigation led to the closure of the UKs biggest selling Sunday newspaper, and one of the highest circulation newspapers in the world, in 2016, it led the investigation into the Panama Papers, exposing the then British Prime Minister David Camerons links to offshore bank accounts. The Guardian has been named Newspaper of the Year four times at the annual British Press Awards, the paper is still occasionally referred to by its nickname of The Grauniad, given originally for the purported frequency of its typographical errors. The Manchester Guardian was founded in Manchester in 1821 by cotton merchant John Edward Taylor with backing from the Little Circle and they launched their paper after the police closure of the more radical Manchester Observer, a paper that had championed the cause of the Peterloo Massacre protesters. They do not toil, neither do they spin, but they better than those that do. When the government closed down the Manchester Observer, the champions had the upper hand. The influential journalist Jeremiah Garnett joined Taylor during the establishment of the paper, the prospectus announcing the new publication proclaimed that it would zealously enforce the principles of civil and religious Liberty. Warmly advocate the cause of Reform, endeavour to assist in the diffusion of just principles of Political Economy and. Support, without reference to the party from which they emanate, in 1825 the paper merged with the British Volunteer and was known as The Manchester Guardian and British Volunteer until 1828. The working-class Manchester and Salford Advertiser called the Manchester Guardian the foul prostitute, the Manchester Guardian was generally hostile to labours claims. The Manchester Guardian dismissed strikes as the work of outside agitators –, if an accommodation can be effected, the occupation of the agents of the Union is gone. CP Scott made the newspaper nationally recognised and he was editor for 57 years from 1872, and became its owner when he bought the paper from the estate of Taylors son in 1907. Under Scott, the moderate editorial line became more radical, supporting William Gladstone when the Liberals split in 1886
27.
Guardian Media Group
–
Guardian Media Group plc is a British mass media company owning various media operations including The Guardian and The Observer. The group is owned by Scott Trust Limited, which exists to secure the financial and editorial independence of The Guardian in perpetuity. The company was founded as the Manchester Guardian Ltd in 1907 when C. P. Scott bought the Manchester Guardian from the estate of his cousin Edward Taylor and it adopted its current name in 1993. In March 2007 GMG sold 49. 9% of Trader Media Group to Apax Partners, in December 2007 it was announced that GMG and Apax had made a successful bid to buy Emaps business-to-business arm for around £1 billion. In February 2010, the group sold its GMG Regional Media division to Trinity Mirror for £44.8 million, the sale ended the historic connection between The Guardian and Manchester as the sale of the Manchester Evening News was included in the package. The divisions local television station for Greater Manchester, Channel M, in June 2012, Global Radio acquired GMG Radio from Guardian Media Group plc. In January 2014, GMG disposed of its remaining interest in Trader Media Group, carolyn McCall was the chief executive of Guardian Media Group and chair of Guardian News and Media Limited from 2006 until June 2010, when she was appointed chief executive of EasyJet. Andrew Miller, previously the chief officer of the Group, was chief executive from July 2010 to 2015. David Pemsel took his place in 2015, gMG’s core business is Guardian News & Media Limited, publisher of theguardian. com, and The Guardian and The Observer newspapers. The group has a portfolio of investments to support its journalism. They comprise, Ascential, an international business-to-business digital intelligence and events business, GMG Property Services, a provider of software, technology and design solutions to the property industry
28.
Universo Online
–
Universo Online is a web content, products and services Brazilian firm. It belongs to Grupo Folha enterprise, as of January 2015, UOL s website is rank 73 on SimilarWeb and rank 108 on Alexa Internet globally. In 2012, UOL was ranked by Alexa as the fifth most visited website in Brazil, losing only to Google portals, according to Ibope Nielsen Online, UOL is Brazil’s largest internet portal with more than 50 million unique visitors and 6.7 billion page views every month. UOL is the world’s largest Portuguese speaking portal, which is organized in 42 thematic stations with more than 1,000 news sources and 7 million pages, the portal provides website hosting, date storage, publicity dealing, online payments and security systems. It also holds more than 300 thousand online shops,23 million buyers and 4 million people selling goods and services in its portals UOL includes, UOL Cliques, ads, radar de Descontos, group buying portal. Shopping UOL, online price comparing tool, UOL Segurança Online, online safety firm. UOL Revelação Digital, online photo developing portal, toda Oferta, buying and selling portal. UOL Wi-Fi, unlimited wireless broadband Internet access, pagSeguro, tool in which shops and people can pay and cash online payments. UOL Mais, portal with unlimited space for videos, photos, audio, UOL HOST, hosting and cloud computing firm. UOL Assistência Técnica, technical services for computers, tablets. UOL DIVEO, online IT outsourcing firm, UOL Afiliados, membership program for subscribers and non-subscribers. The program pays UOL associate that remunerates websites and blogs that disclose ads, each associate receives a quantity per clicks received in each ad or signature conversion. UOL was established by Grupo Folha on April 28,1996, after 7 months, UOL joined portal Brasil Online from Editora Abril. However Editora Abril does not own shares in BOL anymore, portugal Telecom had 29% of UOL, but sold its shares to Folhapar, a company controlled by businessman João Alves de Queiroz Filho of Hypermarcas holding in 2010. Grupo Folha and Folhapar are UOL’s main shareholders, UOL won more than 100 awards as one of Brazil’s largest online portal since 1996. On April 28,1996, UOL went online, in July 1996 it put online an operation with a 2 megabit per second base connection. In August, UOL launched a web provider in the cities of Greater São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro coupled with e-mail accounts, in 1997, UOL created a series of forums, focus groups and surveys, as well as the online version of ”Nova Enciclopédia Ilustrada Folha’’ encyclopedia. UOL also launched TV UOL, with content based on videos, interviews and movie trailers, and AcessoNet
29.
Federal government of Brazil
–
The seat of the federal government is located in Brasília. This has led to Brasília commonly being used as a metonym for the government of Brazil. Brazil is a presidential constitutional republic, based on representative democracy. The federal government has three independent branches, executive, legislative, and judicial, the Federal Constitution is the supreme law of Brazil. It is the foundation and source of the legal authority underlying the existence of Brazil and it provides the framework for the organization of the Brazilian government and for the relationship of the federal government to the states, to citizens, and to all people within Brazil. Executive power is exercised by the executive, headed by the President, the President is both the head of state and the head of government. Legislative power is vested upon the National Congress, a two-chamber legislature comprising the Federal Senate, one-third are elected after a four-year period, and two-thirds are elected after the next four-year period, and the Chamber of Deputies, which has 513 seats. Federal deputies are elected by proportional representation to serve four-year terms, there are no limits on the number of terms one may serve for either chamber. The seats are allotted proportionally to each states population, but each state is eligible for a minimum of eight seats, the result is a system weighted in favor of smaller states that are part of the Brazilian federation. Currently 15 political parties are represented in Congress, since it is common for politicians to switch parties, the proportion of congressional seats held by particular parties changes regularly. To avoid that, the Supreme Federal Court ruled in 2007 that the belongs to the parties. Brazilian courts function under civil law adversarial system, the Judicial branch is organized in states and federal systems with different jurisdictions. The judges of the courts of first instance take office after public competitive examination, the second instance judges are promoted among the first instance judges. The Justices of the courts are appointed by the President for life. All the judges and justices must be graduated in law, Brazilian judges must retire at the age of 70. The national territory is divided into five Regions, which are composed of two or more states, the Judiciary subsections have federal courts of first instance and each Region has a Federal Regional Tribunal as a court of second instance. There are two national superior courts that grant writs of certiorari in civil and criminal cases, the Superior Justice Tribunal, there are parallel courts for labor law, electoral law and military law. The STF grants Extraordinary Appeals when judgements of second instance courts violate the constitution, the STF is the last instance for the writ of habeas corpus and for reviews of judgments from the STJ
.jpg)
.jpg)
