1.
Bath, Somerset
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Bath is a city in the ceremonial county of Somerset, England, known for its Roman-built baths. In 2011, the population was 88,859, Bath is in the valley of the River Avon,97 miles west of London and 11 miles south-east of Bristol. The city became a World Heritage Site in 1987, the city became a spa with the Latin name Aquæ Sulis c. AD60 when the Romans built baths and a temple in the valley of the River Avon, Bath Abbey was founded in the 7th century and became a religious centre, the building was rebuilt in the 12th and 16th centuries. In the 17th century, claims were made for the properties of water from the springs. Many of the streets and squares were laid out by John Wood, the Elder, and in the 18th century the city became fashionable, Jane Austen lived in Bath in the early 19th century. Further building was undertaken in the 19th century and following the Bath Blitz in World War II, the city has software, publishing and service-oriented industries. Theatres, museums, and other cultural and sporting venues have helped make it a centre for tourism with more than one million staying visitors and 3.8 million day visitors to the city each year. There are several museums including the Museum of Bath Architecture, Victoria Art Gallery, Museum of East Asian Art, the city has two universities, the University of Bath and Bath Spa University, with Bath College providing further education. Sporting clubs include Bath Rugby and Bath City F. C. while TeamBath is the name for all of the University of Bath sports teams. Bath became part of the county of Avon in 1974, and, the hills in the locality such as Bathampton Down saw human activity from the Mesolithic period. Several Bronze Age round barrows were opened by John Skinner in the 18th century, solsbury Hill overlooking the current city was an Iron Age hill fort, and the adjacent Bathampton Camp may also have been one. A long barrow site believed to be from the Beaker people was flattened to make way for RAF Charmy Down, messages to her scratched onto metal, known as curse tablets, have been recovered from the sacred spring by archaeologists. The tablets were written in Latin, and cursed people whom the writers felt had wronged them, for example, if a citizen had his clothes stolen at the baths, he might write a curse, naming the suspects, on a tablet to be read by the goddess. A temple was constructed in AD 60–70, and a complex was built up over the next 300 years. Engineers drove oak piles into the mud to provide a stable foundation, in the 2nd century, the spring was enclosed within a wooden barrel-vaulted structure that housed the caldarium, tepidarium, and frigidarium. The town was given defensive walls, probably in the 3rd century. After the failure of Roman authority in the first decade of the 5th century, in March 2012 a hoard of 30,000 silver Roman coins, one of the largest discovered in Britain, was unearthed in an archaeological dig
2.
Somerset
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Somerset is a county in South West England which borders Gloucestershire and Bristol to the north, Wiltshire to the east, Dorset to the south-east and Devon to the south-west. It is bounded to the north and west by the Severn Estuary and its traditional border with Gloucestershire is the River Avon. Somerset is a county of rolling hills such as the Blackdown Hills, Mendip Hills, Quantock Hills and Exmoor National Park. There is evidence of occupation from Paleolithic times, and of subsequent settlement in the Roman. The county played a significant part in the consolidation of power and rise of King Alfred the Great, and later in the English Civil War, the city of Bath is famous for its substantial Georgian architecture and is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Somersets name derives from Old English Sumorsǣte, short for Sumortūnsǣte, an alternative suggestion is the name derives from Seo-mere-saetan meaning settlers by the sea lakes. The Old English name is used in the motto of the county, Sumorsǣte ealle, adopted as the motto in 1911, the phrase is taken from the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle. Somerset settlement names are mostly Anglo-Saxon in origin, but some hill names include Brittonic Celtic elements, for example, an Anglo-Saxon charter of 682 refers to Creechborough Hill as the hill the British call Cructan and we call Crychbeorh. Some modern names are Brythonic in origin, such as Tarnock, the caves of the Mendip Hills were settled during the Palaeolithic period, and contain extensive archaeological sites such as those at Cheddar Gorge. Bones from Goughs Cave have been dated to 12,000 BC, examples of cave art have been found in Avelines Hole. Some caves continued to be occupied until modern times, including Wookey Hole, the Somerset Levels—specifically dry points at Glastonbury and Brent Knoll— also have a long history of settlement, and are known to have been settled by Mesolithic hunters. Travel in the area was facilitated by the construction of one of the worlds oldest known engineered roadways, the Sweet Track, the exact age of the henge monument at Stanton Drew stone circles is unknown, but it is believed to be Neolithic. There are numerous Iron Age hill forts, some of which, like Cadbury Castle, on the authority of the future emperor Vespasian, as part of the ongoing expansion of the Roman presence in Britain, the Second Legion Augusta invaded Somerset from the south-east in AD47. The county remained part of the Roman Empire until around AD409, a variety of Roman remains have been found, including Pagans Hill Roman temple in Chew Stoke, Low Ham Roman Villa and the Roman Baths that gave their name to the city of Bath. After the Romans left, Britain was invaded by Anglo-Saxon peoples, by AD600 they had established control over much of what is now England, but Somerset was still in native British hands. The Saxon royal palace in Cheddar was used several times in the 10th century to host the Witenagemot. After the Norman Conquest, the county was divided into 700 fiefs, Somerset contains HM Prison Shepton Mallet, which was Englands oldest prison still in use prior to its closure in 2013, having opened in 1610. In the English Civil War Somerset was largely Parliamentarian, with key engagements being the Sieges of Taunton, in 1685 the Monmouth Rebellion was played out in Somerset and neighbouring Dorset
3.
United Kingdom
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The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom or Britain, is a sovereign country in western Europe. Lying off the north-western coast of the European mainland, the United Kingdom includes the island of Great Britain, Northern Ireland is the only part of the United Kingdom that shares a land border with another sovereign state—the Republic of Ireland. The Irish Sea lies between Great Britain and Ireland, with an area of 242,500 square kilometres, the United Kingdom is the 78th-largest sovereign state in the world and the 11th-largest in Europe. It is also the 21st-most populous country, with an estimated 65.1 million inhabitants, together, this makes it the fourth-most densely populated country in the European Union. The United Kingdom is a monarchy with a parliamentary system of governance. The monarch is Queen Elizabeth II, who has reigned since 6 February 1952, other major urban areas in the United Kingdom include the regions of Birmingham, Leeds, Glasgow, Liverpool and Manchester. The United Kingdom consists of four countries—England, Scotland, Wales, the last three have devolved administrations, each with varying powers, based in their capitals, Edinburgh, Cardiff and Belfast, respectively. The relationships among the countries of the UK have changed over time, Wales was annexed by the Kingdom of England under the Laws in Wales Acts 1535 and 1542. A treaty between England and Scotland resulted in 1707 in a unified Kingdom of Great Britain, which merged in 1801 with the Kingdom of Ireland to form the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. Five-sixths of Ireland seceded from the UK in 1922, leaving the present formulation of the United Kingdom of Great Britain, there are fourteen British Overseas Territories. These are the remnants of the British Empire which, at its height in the 1920s, British influence can be observed in the language, culture and legal systems of many of its former colonies. The United Kingdom is a country and has the worlds fifth-largest economy by nominal GDP. The UK is considered to have an economy and is categorised as very high in the Human Development Index. It was the worlds first industrialised country and the worlds foremost power during the 19th, the UK remains a great power with considerable economic, cultural, military, scientific and political influence internationally. It is a nuclear weapons state and its military expenditure ranks fourth or fifth in the world. The UK has been a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council since its first session in 1946 and it has been a leading member state of the EU and its predecessor, the European Economic Community, since 1973. However, on 23 June 2016, a referendum on the UKs membership of the EU resulted in a decision to leave. The Acts of Union 1800 united the Kingdom of Great Britain, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland have devolved self-government
4.
Art school
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An art school is an educational institution with a primary focus on the visual arts, including fine art, especially illustration, painting, photography, sculpture, and graphic design. Art schools are institutions with elementary, secondary, post-secondary or undergraduate and they are distinguished from larger institutions which also may offer majors or degrees in the visual arts, but only as one part of a broad-based range of programs. Frances École des Beaux-Arts is, perhaps, the first model for such organized instruction, breaking with a tradition of master and they are Emily Carr University of Art and Design, NSCAD University, OCAD University, and Alberta College of Art and Design. Emily Carr University has the most active research program among the four with over $15 million in research over the last five years, OCAD Universitys research intensity has reached $3.2 million in 2011/12. All four schools teach in the major disciplines from painting through to new media, over the last five years, Emily Carr has garnered the most of the major awards for students and alums across the country. The most recent RBC Painting Competition was won by Vanessa Maltese, NSCAD University was founded in 1887 by Anna Leonowens and other Halifax women. The school gained international prominence in the 1970s for innovation in art under the leadership of Garry Kennedy. In spite of its modest size, Art in America suggested in 1973 that NSCAD was the best art school in North America, while more recently The Globe and Mail called it Canadas most illustrious. Claude Watson School for the Arts and Karen Kain School of the Arts are intermediate-age public art schools in Toronto, in Brampton, Mayfield Secondary Schools Regional Arts Program offers a public high school-level art school. Innovators like Voice of Purpose out of Toronto, Ontario are currently working on promoting the Purpose Driven Education pedagogy through the use of arts-based programming, in France, art schools have an quite old history. The oldest is Paris fine art school, established in 1682, some of those schools were called academies and were prestigious institutions, devoted to the education of great painters or sculptors. Others were called école gratuite de dessin, and were devoted to the education of arts, as today, there is in France 45 national or territorial public high schools of art, that deliver bachelor and Master degrees. Art schools have a history in Sweden since the first half of the 18th Century, students may attend the Royal Institute of Art, which got its start in 1735. There are also tertiary art schools attached to universities in Gothenburg, Malmö, others, whose existence ties in indelibly with that of larger, non-discipline-specific universities exist. Most art schools of either orientation are equipped to offer opportunities spanning from post-16 to postgraduate level, the range of colleges span from predominantly further education establishments to research-led specialist institutes. The University of the Arts London, for example, is a federally structured institution that comprises six previously independent schools situated in London, the Royal College of Art with its degree-awarding arm and singular focus on postgraduate awards being a most singular exception. Since the 1970s, degrees have replaced diplomas as the qualification in the field. In the case of wholly freestanding institutions, degree validation agreements in liaison with a university have long been the custom for Bachelor of Arts level upward
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The Great Exhibition
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It was the first in a series of Worlds Fairs, exhibitions of culture and industry that became popular in the 19th century, and it was a much anticipated event. The Great Exhibition was organized by Henry Cole and Prince Albert, husband of the reigning monarch, Queen Victoria. It was arguably a response to the highly successful French Industrial Exposition of 1844, indeed, Queen Victoria and her family visited three times. Although the Great Exhibition was a platform on which countries from around the world could display their achievements, Britain sought to prove its own superiority. The British exhibits at the Great Exhibition held the lead in almost every field where strength, durability, utility and quality were concerned, whether in iron and steel, Britain also sought to provide the world with the hope of a better future. Europe had just struggled through two decades of political and social upheaval, and now Britain hoped to show that technology. Technology and moving machinery were popular, especially working exhibits and she also notes that visitors could watch the entire process of cotton production from spinning to finished cloth. Scientific instruments were found in class X, and included electric telegraphs, microscopes, air pumps and barometers, a special building, nicknamed The Crystal Palace, or The Great Shalimar, was built to house the show. The building was architecturally adventurous, drawing on Paxtons experience designing greenhouses for the sixth Duke of Devonshire. It took the form of a glass house,1851 feet long by 454 feet wide and was constructed from cast iron-frame components and glass made almost exclusively in Birmingham. From the interior, the large size was emphasized with trees and statues, this served, not only to add beauty to the spectacle. The Crystal Palace was an success, considered an architectural marvel. The building was moved and re-erected in 1854 in enlarged form at Sydenham Hill in south London. It was destroyed by fire on 30 November 1936, six million people—equivalent to a third of the entire population of Britain at the time—visited the Great Exhibition. The average daily attendance was 42,831 with an attendance of 109,915 on 7 October. The event made a surplus of £186,000, which was used to found the Victoria and Albert Museum, the Science Museum and they were all built in the area to the south of the exhibition, nicknamed Albertopolis, alongside the Imperial Institute. The remaining surplus was used to set up an educational trust to provide grants and scholarships for industrial research, the Exhibition caused controversy as its opening approached. Some conservatives feared that the mass of visitors might become a revolutionary mob, must shock every honest and well-meaning Englishman
6.
English Civil War
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The English Civil War was a series of armed conflicts and political machinations between Parliamentarians and Royalists over, principally, the manner of Englands government. The war ended with the Parliamentarian victory at the Battle of Worcester on 3 September 1651, the monopoly of the Church of England on Christian worship in England ended with the victors consolidating the established Protestant Ascendancy in Ireland. The term English Civil War appears most often in the singular form, the war in all these countries are known as the Wars of the Three Kingdoms. Unlike other civil wars in England, which focused on who should rule, this war was more concerned with the manner in which the kingdoms of England, Scotland, the two sides had their geographical strongholds, such that minority elements were silenced or fled. The strongholds of the royalty included the countryside, the shires, on the other hand, all the cathedral cities sided with Parliament. All the industrial centers, the ports, and the advanced regions of southern and eastern England typically were parliamentary strongholds. Lacey Baldwin Smith says, the words populist, rich, at times there would be two groups of three lines allowing one group to reload while the other group arranged themselves and fired. Mixed in among the musketeers were pikemen carrying pikes that were between 12 feet and 18 feet long, whose purpose was to protect the musketeers from cavalry charges. The Royalist cavaliers skill and speed on horseback led to early victories. While the Parliamentarian cavalry were slower than the cavaliers, they were better disciplined. The Royalists had a tendency to chase down individual targets after the initial charge leaving their forces scattered and tired, Cromwells cavalry, on the other hand, trained to operate as a single unit, which led to many decisive victories. The English Civil War broke out fewer than forty years after the death of Queen Elizabeth I in 1603, in spite of this, James personal extravagance meant he was perennially short of money and had to resort to extra-Parliamentary sources of income. Charles hoped to unite the kingdoms of England, Scotland and Ireland into a new single kingdom, many English Parliamentarians had suspicions regarding such a move because they feared that setting up a new kingdom might destroy the old English traditions which had bound the English monarchy. As Charles shared his fathers position on the power of the crown, at the time, the Parliament of England did not have a large permanent role in the English system of government. Instead, Parliament functioned as an advisory committee and was summoned only if. Once summoned, a continued existence was at the kings pleasure. Yet in spite of this role, Parliament had, over the preceding centuries. Without question, for a monarch, Parliaments most indispensable power was its ability to tax revenues far in excess of all other sources of revenue at the Crowns disposal
7.
Combe Down
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Combe Down is a village suburb of Bath, England in the Bath and North East Somerset unitary authority within the ceremonial county of Somerset. Combe Down sits on a ridge above Bath approximately 1.5 miles to the south of the city centre, Combe Down village is adjoined to the north by large areas of natural woodland with public footpaths offering magnificent views overlooking the City of Bath. Parts of these woods are owned and managed by Bath & Northeast Somerset Council, to the south of the village are spectacular views overlooking Midford Valley. Combe or coombe is a word meaning a steep-sided valley derived from Old English cumb, down comes from the Old English dūn or dūne, shortened from adūne ‘downward’, from the phrase of dūne ‘off the hill’. Formerly part of the Parish of Monkton Combe, Combe Down village was incorporated into the city of Bath in the 1950s, there have been a number of boundary changes and local government changes for Combe Down. The local state school is Combe Down CEVC Primary School. The nearest state secondary school with sixth form is Ralph Allen School, the independent Monkton Combe School is located in the local village of Monkton Combe while its Prep School, Pre-Prep and Nursery are all in Combe Down village. An independent Catholic foundation school for children aged between 2 and 18, Prior Park College is located on Ralph Allen Drive, a walk from the village centre. Shops in the centre of the village include a co-op, a cycle shop. There is also a suite of serviced offices available to rent, a car repair garage and an undertakers are both close to the centre of the village. There is a branch of Barclays Bank on North Road, adjacent to a second-hand childrens clothes shop. The village post office closed in 2006 despite public opposition and the nearest post office branch is now located inside a store in a row of shops on the Bradford Road. There are three pubs, an Anglican church and a non-conformist chapel in the village. A Roman Catholic church is on the edge of the village, the Church Rooms in the centre of the village are available for hire by local groups. The village pubs are the King William IV, the Hadley Arms, Combe Down has two flourishing rugby union clubs and a cricket club, a childrens nursery, a doctors surgery and a dentist as well as an active Cub and Scout Group with its own Scouts Hut. There are several societies, including a local history group. There is a hospital, BMI Bath Clinic, on Claverton Down Road. Opposite the hospital is a 4 star hotel and health club - Combe Grove Manor — with 69 acres of gardens, a public open space incorporates the village war memorial and a play area with childrens play equipment
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City of Bath Technical School
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The origin of the City of Bath Technical School can be traced back to an educational establishment founded in the early 19th century. It obtained its name when technical schools were formally introduced in Bath between the years 1892-96. Along with many other fledgling schools it was located in a new extension of the Guildhall, Bath, within the county of Somerset. The City of Bath Technical School has a complex history and its evolution into a specialist school stems from early experiments in Technical Education in Somerset. Its creation arose out of the need to encourage people to take an interest in the Sciences. In 1832 the Somerset Industrial School for Boys was founded to accommodate boys at Brougham Hayes on the Lower Bristol road and it was aided in 1833 by the First Treasury Grant for Education. To be housed in a building which had originally built as a barracks. In 1851 the first Government Grant was introduced for Technical Education, the Somerset Certified Industrial School, attendance rose to 180 pupils. The Elementary Education Act 1870 put in place the first Statutory System of Education in England which was mainly elementary, the school leaving age at that time was 10 years. In 1884 there was a Royal Commission on Technical Education which was known as The Bryce Report,1889 the Technical Instruction Act of Parliament was passed and in 1890 a scheme was introduced called Whiskey Money. Local authorities could raise funds and use them for technical education. In 1893 the School leaving age was raised to 11 years, in 1896 the Bath Municipal Technical College opened in a newly built north wing of the Guildhall, offering evening classes in various newly formed Technical Schools. Among other schools of that era, the Bath School of Art at The Paragon, by 1899 the Board of Education Act of Parliament established a board to supervise the education system in England and Wales. 1900 saw the School leaving age raised to 12 years, the Education Act 1902 laid down the system of secondary education, abolished school boards, and replaced them with the local education authorities of county and county boroughs councils. In the following year,1903, the Bath Education Committee was formed and took over from the Bath,1906 was the introduction of the Education Act 1906. Education committees were authorised to spend money on meals for children, a Report on technical education was prepared. In 1907 the Education Act 1907 was passed, local education authorities to provide medical inspection of children in elementary schools. In 1910 Long Acre, Walcot was taken over as accommodation for technical training mainly as a domestic science college
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Walter Sickert
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Walter Richard Sickert was an English painter and printmaker who was a member of the Camden Town Group in London. He was an important influence on distinctively British styles of art in the 20th century. Sickert was a cosmopolitan and eccentric who often favoured ordinary people and his oeuvre also included portraits of well-known personalities and images derived from press photographs. He is considered a prominent figure in the transition from Impressionism to Modernism, the young Sickert was sent to University College School from 1870 to 1871, before transferring to Kings College School, where he studied until the age of 18. Though he was the son and grandson of painters, he first sought a career as an actor, he appeared in parts in Sir Henry Irvings company. After less than a years attendance at the Slade School, Sickert left to become a pupil, Sickerts earliest paintings were small tonal studies painted alla prima from nature after Whistlers example. In 1883, he travelled to Paris and met Edgar Degas, whose use of pictorial space and he developed a personal version of Impressionism, favouring sombre colouration. Following Degas advice, Sickert painted in the studio, working from drawings, in 1888 Sickert joined the New English Art Club, a group of French-influenced realist artists. Sickerts first major works, dating from the late 1880s, were portrayals of scenes in London music halls. Sickerts rendering was denounced as ugly and vulgar, and his choice of subject matter was deplored as too tawdry for art, the painting announced what would be Sickerts recurring interest in sexually provocative themes. In the late 1880s, Sickert spent much of his time in France, especially in Dieppe, which he first visited in mid-1885, and where his mistress, during this period Sickert began writing art criticism for various publications. The models for many of the Venetian paintings are believed to have been prostitutes, Sickerts fascination with urban culture accounted for his acquisition of studios in working-class sections of London, first in Cumberland Market in the 1890s, then in Camden Town in 1905. The latter location provided an event that would secure Sickerts prominence in the realist movement in Britain, on 11 September 1907, Emily Dimmock, a prostitute cheating on her partner, was murdered in her home at Agar Grove, Camden. After sexual intercourse the man had slit her throat open while she was asleep, the Camden Town murder became an ongoing source of prurient sensationalism in the press. And the first in the series, Summer Afternoon and these and other works were painted in heavy impasto and narrow tonal range. Sickerts best known work, Ennui, reveals his interest in Victorian narrative genres, just before World War I he championed the avant-garde artists Lucien Pissarro, Jacob Epstein, Augustus John and Wyndham Lewis. At the same time he founded, with artists, the Camden Town Group of British painters. This group had been meeting informally since 1905, but was established in 1911
10.
Bathampton
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Bathampton is a village and civil parish 2 miles east of Bath, England on the south bank of the River Avon. The parish has a population of 1,603, the Kennet and Avon Canal passes through the village and a toll bridge links Bathampton to Batheaston on the north bank of the canal. Bathampton Camp is a univallate Iron Age hill fort situated approximately 2 miles east from the village, the site was excavated in 1904–05 and in 1952–54. Results found human and animal remains, pottery and flint flakes, the parish was part of the hundred of Hampton. The village used to be served by Bathampton railway station, plasticine was manufactured in the village between 1900 and 1983 by a company founded by William Harbutt, who also lived in Bathampton. The parish council has responsibility for local issues, including setting an annual precept to cover the councils operating costs. The parish council evaluates local planning applications and works with the police, district council officers, and neighbourhood watch groups on matters of crime, security. Conservation matters and environmental issues are also of interest to the council, the parish falls within the unitary authority of Bath and North East Somerset which was created in 1996, as established by the Local Government Act 1992. Bath and North East Somersets area covers part of the county of Somerset. Its administrative headquarters are in Bath, between 1 April 1974 and 1 April 1996 it was the Wansdyke District and the City of Bath of the county of Avon. Before 1974 that the parish was part of the Bathavon Rural District, the parish is part of Bathavon North electoral ward. As well as covering Bathampton, Bathford and Batheaston this ward stretches east to Kelston, the total population of this ward as at the 2011 census was 7,147. The parish is represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom as part of the North East Somerset and it elects one Member of Parliament by the first past the post system of election. It is also part of the South West England constituency of the European Parliament which elects seven MEPs using the method of party-list proportional representation. Above Bathampton is a slope, heavily quarried for stone near the top in the area now called Bathampton Rocks. Until the late 1950s the track used for bringing stone down into the valley could be seen and this was demolished in 1958 as it was too low for double-decker buses and other traffic. Bathampton Rocks was the site of the Bathampton Patrol Operational Base during the Second World War, at OS Grid Ref ST778651 When the A46 Bathampton by-pass was built, an area of 9 hectares was created to provide additional flood relief. Sand martin and kingfisher have been seen regularly by the oxbow, in 2009, the local Council identified the meadows as a possible new park and ride site to alleviate traffic congestion in the city
11.
Corsham
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Corsham is a historic market town and civil parish in west Wiltshire, England. Corsham is close to the county borders with Bath and North East Somerset, Corsham was historically a centre for agriculture and later, the wool industry, and remains a focus for quarrying Bath Stone. It contains several historic buildings, such as the stately home of Corsham Court. The early 21st century saw growth in Corshams role in the film industry, the parish includes the villages of Gastard and Neston, which is at the gates of the Neston Park estate. Corsham appears to derive its name from Cosas hām, ham being Old English for homestead, Corsham is recorded as Coseham in 1001, as Cosseha in 1086, and at Cosham as late as 1611. The Corsham area belonged to the King in Saxon times, the area at the also had a large forest which was cleared to make way for further expansion. There is evidence that the town had been known as Corsham Regis due to its association with anglo-saxon Ethelred of Wessex. Corsham also contains the historic Georgian house, The Grove, opposite the high street, the stately home of Corsham Court can also be found in the town centre. Standing on a former Saxon Royal Manor, it is based on an Elizabethan manor home from 1582, since 1745, it has been part of the Methuen estate. The house has a collection of Old Masters, rooms furnished by Robert Adam and Thomas Chippendale. The house is open to the all year round excluding December and is famed locally for its peacocks. Corsham is the site of the entrance to Tunnel Quarry. Two rural touring schemes take performances to villages in Wiltshire and South Gloucestershire, Wiltshire Police have a base at the Springfield Community Campus. The village of Gastard was a settlement by the 12th century, Neston village was established around Neston Park, a country estate whose house was built c.1790. Neston Park is home of the Fuller family, who give their name to the Fuller, Smith and Turner brewery in London, Pickwick was once a separate settlement and now forms the north-western part of the town. The name derives from Anglo-Saxon pic and wic, the Wiltshire Hundred Roll of 1273 refers to a William de Pikewicke. In the northeast, Corsham civil parish includes a part of the town of Chippenham. North of the A4, besides Pickwick, are the hamlets of Middlewick, Upper Pickwick, settlements now within Corshams built-up area are Hudswell, Leafield, Westwells and part of Rudloe, with Moor Green and Neston further south
12.
Farrells
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Farrells is an architecture and urban design firm founded by British architect-planner Terry Farrell with offices in London, Hong Kong, and Shanghai. The firm has won awards for their characteristic mixed-use schemes, transit-oriented development, contextual urban placemaking. Terry Farrell began his career in 1961 at the architecture department of the London County Council. The two became friends, and in 1965 they founded the Farrell/Grimshaw Partnership, sharing their office for some time with Archigram. The firm built a reputation in private sector urban regeneration, renovating old houses and factories to accommodate modern uses and they were also part of a new wave of British firms experimenting with high-tech architecture. Grimshaw left the firm in 1980 to found Grimshaw Architects, while Farrell continued to work from their Paddington Street office, the newly-christened Terry Farrell and Partners married high-tech architecture to Farrells growing interest in postmodernism, building conversion, and sensitive urban design. London was brimming with outmoded industrial buildings, which Farrell preferred to retain, the firm completed numerous renovations characterised as friendly adaptation of existing buildings. Both the TV-am and Limehouse Studios schemes transformed derelict industrial sheds into iconic broadcasting studios, in 1987 the firm moved from the ex-Farrell/Grimshaw office into a Marylebone building formerly home to an aero-tyre factory, which they renovated to become the Hatton Street Studios. Large-scale new build commissions in London such as Embankment Place, Alban Gate, Farrell dismissed the term, insisting that his primary concerns are not about style, but rather urban space and a rejection of the clean sweep approach of traditional modernism. Small-scale urban regeneration and conservation work, such as the Comyn Ching Triangle scheme, the company conducted numerous master plans over the subsequent decades, including many in the London area. In East London, the firm was appointed to various projects in the Docklands. They have also developed revitalisation schemes for urban quarters including Regents Place, Greenwich Peninsula, the Chelsea Waterfront, in 2010, the firm was appointed master planner for the long-term redevelopment of an area of Earls Court surrounding the now-closed Earls Court Exhibition Centre. Terry Farrell rejected the lure of big architecture for the site, stating, that’s starting at the wrong end of the process. Issues of height and density aren’t starting points and you have instead to talk about things like the street and its width and what makes a good city. The firm assembled a team of leading experts in architecture and urban design, in 2014 the Farrell Review report was published, providing 60 recommendations to government. The Hong Kong office, incorporated as TFP Farrells, was founded in 1991 and it was set up when the firm won an international competition to design the new Peak Tower, which opened in 1997 and was later featured on Hong Kongs $20 banknotes. The firm then won a competition to design the British Council/Consulate-General complex in Admiralty and this commission, announced by Margaret Thatcher in 1988, held significance as Britains lasting presence in Hong Kong following the 1997 transfer of sovereignty over Hong Kong. The Ground Transportation Centre at Incheon International Airport, Seoul serves five different rail systems, the firm subsequently won commissions to design additional MTR stations in Hong Kong in addition to railway stations in Johannesburg and Singapore
