The Battle of Arsuf took place on 7 September 1191, as part of the Third Crusade. It saw a multi-national force of Crusaders, led by Richard I of England, defeat a significantly larger army of the Ayyubid Sultanate, led by Saladin.
19th-century depiction of the battle by French painter Éloi Firmin Féron (1802–1876)
A depiction of the battle's layout from an 1898 book by Charles Oman
King Richard I charging with couched lance. English floor tile c. 1250
Richard the Lionheart and Saladin at the Battle of Arsuf, by Gustave Doré
The Third Crusade (1189–1192) was an attempt led by three European monarchs of Western Christianity to reconquer the Holy Land following the capture of Jerusalem by the Ayyubid sultan Saladin in 1187. For this reason, the Third Crusade is also known as the Kings' Crusade.
Battle scene, in Varka and Golshah, mid-13th century Seljuk Anatolia.
Philip II depicted arriving in Palestine, 1332–1350
Saladin's troops, French manuscript, 1337