The Battle of Bailén was fought in 1808 between the Spanish Army of Andalusia, led by General Francisco Javier Castaños and the Imperial French Army's II corps d'observation de la Gironde under General Pierre Dupont de l'Étang. This battle was the first open-field defeat of a Napoleonic army. The heaviest fighting took place near Bailén, a village by the Guadalquivir river in the Jaén province of southern Spain.
The Surrender of Bailén, by José Casado del Alisal (Museo del Prado)
Sierra Morena
Theodor von Reding
Francisco Javier Castaños
Francisco Javier Castaños, 1st Duke of Bailén
Francisco Javier Castaños Aragorri, 1st Duke of Bailén (1758–1852) was a Spanish military commander during the French Revolutionary Wars and the Napoleonic Wars. He presided over the Regency Council of Spain and the Indies, in 1810. From July to September 1834, he served as the first president of the Senate of Spain, at that time called the House of Peers.
Castaños (c. 1830) wearing the uniform of the Africa Regiment with the Order of the Golden Fleece and the Grand Cross and band of the Order of Charles III and the Laureate Cross of Saint Ferdinand and band.
The Surrender of Bailén, by José Casado del Alisal, Prado Museum, Madrid, Spain. Castaños is in the white uniform.