The Battle of Bannockburn was fought on 23–24 June 1314, between the army of Robert the Bruce, King of Scots, and the army of King Edward II of England, during the First War of Scottish Independence.
This depiction from the Scotichronicon (c. 1440) is the earliest-known image of the battle. King Robert wielding an axe and Edward II fleeing toward Stirling feature prominently, conflating incidents from the two days of battle. Corpus Christi College, Cambridge
Holkham Bible, c. 1330: Depiction of a biblical battle, giving an impression of how soldiers were equipped at Bannockburn.
The hemicircle of the modern Bannockburn monument
Bruce addresses his troops, from Cassell's History of England.
The gallowglasses were a class of elite mercenary warriors in Ireland, who were originally members of Norse-Gaelic clans from the Scottish Highlands prior to arriving in Ireland between the mid-13th c
Battle of Bannockburn
…Douglas and the young Walter the Steward. Bruce's friend, Angus Og Macdonald, Lord of the Isles, brought thousands of Islesmen to Bannockburn, including galloglass warriors, and King Robert assigned them the place of honour at his side in his own schiltron with the men of Carrick and Argyll. After Robert Bruce…
15th-century depiction of gallowglasses on Felim O'Connor's tomb
Irish gallowglass and kern. Drawing by Albrecht Dürer, 1521. This is now thought to have been derived from a 1518 written account by Laurent Vital, rather than a drawing from life.