The Battle of Fancheng or the Battle of Fan Castle was fought between the warlords Liu Bei and Cao Cao in 219 in the late Eastern Han dynasty. It is named after Fancheng in present-day Xiangyang, Hubei, a fortress that played a significant role in the battle.
Illustration of Pang De in a scene during the Battle of Fancheng from a Qing dynasty edition of the historical novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms
Depiction of Guan Yu attacking soldiers on boats in the Han River
Guan Yu captures Pang De, as depicted in a Ming dynasty painting by Shang Xi, c. 1430.
Sima Yi, courtesy name Zhongda, was a Chinese military general, politician, and regent of the state of Cao Wei during the Three Kingdoms period of China.
A Qing dynasty illustration of Meng Da's death at Xincheng.
A portrait of Sima Yi from a Qing dynasty edition of the Romance of the Three Kingdoms
A Qing dynasty illustration of "a dead Zhuge drives away a living Zhongda".