The Battle of Hanoi was fought on 20 November 1873 between France and Đại Nam. A French expeditionary force composed of 140 sailors, 30 marines and 8 officers under the command of Navy Lieutenant Fran
French troops attacking the gate
Lieutenant Francis Garnier
Second lieutenant Trentinian in 1873
French sailors storming inside the citadel
The Black Flag Army was a splinter remnant of a bandit and mercenary group recruited largely from soldiers of ethnic Zhuang background and former Taiping soldiers who crossed the border in 1865 from G
A Black Flag ambush, 1883
Black Flag soldiers, 1873
A soldier of the Black Flag Army, 1885
A Black Flag banner, captured by the French at Hòa Mộc (2 March 1885) and now displayed in the Musée de l'Armée, Paris