Battle of Jamrud
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The Battle of Jamrud was fought between the forces of the Emirate of Afghanistan under Wazir Akbar Khan, and the Sikh Empire under Maharaja Ranjit Singh on 30 April 1837. The Afghans confronted the Si
A portrait of the Jamrud Fort
Paolo Avitabile
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Paolo Crescenzo Martino Avitabile, also known as Abu Tabela, was a Neapolitan-Italian soldier, mercenary and adventurer. A peasant's son born in Agerola, in the province of Napoli near Sorrento, he se
Battle of Jamrud
…the region, the government of Peshawar was reorganized. The valley was divided between a number of Sikh-appointed governors and tribal chiefs. General Paolo Avitabile was made the new governor of Peshawar, while the surrounding districts were granted to the Barakzai Sardars and local chieftains. A strong Sikh garrison…
Painting of General Paolo Avitabile, by Carlo de Falco, oil on canvas, National Museum of San Martino, Naples
Detail of Paolo Avitabile's signature, from a letter written in Persian signed by Paolo Avitabile, addressed to Colonel Claude Wade, congratulating him on the conquest of Ali Masjid Fort, dated to 27 July 1839
Painting of General Paolo Crescenzo Martino Avitabile's Peshawar residence, by Lieutenant James Rattray, 1840
Letter written in Persian signed by Paolo Avitabile, addressed to Colonel Claude Wade, congratulating him on the conquest of Ali Masjid Fort, dated to 27 July 1839