The Battle of Red Cliffs, also known as the Battle of Chibi, was a decisive naval battle in China that took place during the winter of 208–209 AD. It was fought on the Yangtze River between the forces
Engravings on a cliff-side near a widely accepted candidate site for the battlefield, in the vicinity of Chibi, Hubei. The engravings are at least 1000 years old, and include the Chinese characters 赤壁 ('red cliffs') written from right to left.
Su Dongpo's Red Cliffs in Huangzhou
Cao Cao surrounded by his generals, as depicted by the Jingju Theatre Company
Woodblock illustration of the battle, from a Ming dynasty copy of the Romance of the Three Kingdoms
The Three Kingdoms of Cao Wei, Shu Han, and Eastern Wu dominated China from 220 to 280 AD following the end of the Han dynasty. This period was preceded by the Eastern Han dynasty and was followed by
Battle of Red Cliffs
…in control of the Yangtze, establishing defensible frontiers that would later serve as the basis for the states of Shu Han and Eastern Wu during the Three Kingdoms period (220–280 AD). Historians have arrived at different conclusions in their attempts to reconstruct the timeline of events at Red Cliffs. The location…
Bronze turtle holding a cup, Eastern Wu
Cao Zhi as depicted in Goddess of Luo River (detail) by Gu Kaizhi
Three Kingdoms in 262, on the eve of the conquest of Shu, Wei and Wu
Pottery dwelling around a large courtyard, a siheyuan. Unearthed in 1967 in a tomb of Hubei built during the kingdom of Eastern Wu, National Museum of China, Beijing