1.
Old City Hall (Toronto)
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The Old City Hall is a Romanesque civic building and court house in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It was the home of the Toronto City Council from 1899 to 1966, the building is located at the corner of Queen and Bay Streets, across Bay Street from Nathan Phillips Square and the present City Hall in the Downtown Toronto. The heritage landmark has a clock tower which heads the length of Bay Street from Front Street to Queen Street as a terminating vista. Old City Hall was designated a National Historic Site in 1984, Torontos Old City Hall was one of the largest buildings in Toronto and the largest civic building in North America upon completion in 1899. It was the citys third city hall. It housed Torontos municipal government and courts for York County and Toronto, York County offices were also located in Old City Hall from 1900 to 1953. With the establishment of Metropolitan Toronto, the county moved to Newmarket. Designed by prominent Toronto architect Edward James Lennox, the building more than a decade to build. Work on the began in 1889 and was built on the site of old York buildings including the Lennox hotel. It was constructed of sandstone from the Credit River valley, grey stone from the Orangeville, Ontario area, angry councillors, due to cost overruns and construction delays, refused E. J. Lennox a plaque proclaiming him as architect for the building in 1899. Not to be denied, Lennox had stonemasons sign his name in corbels beneath the upper floor eaves around the entire building, an annex to this building, Manning Chambers, was built by Lennox at the northwest corner of Bay and Queen Street. Completed in 1900, the 5 storey building was demolished to make way for the current Toronto City Hall. Manning Chambers was built for and named after former mayor Alexander Manning, a public square was originally planned in front of the city hall called Victoria Square. The space would be a square with diagonal walkways meeting at a central statue of Queen Victoria. The plan never came into being and a space was allocated in front of the building by Queen Street. It, too, was never built, though the City Beautiful movement did influence the design principles of nearby University Avenue. Four gargoyles were placed on the corners of the Clock Tower in 1899, in 2002, bronze casts of the gargoyles were reinstalled
Old City Hall (Toronto)
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Toronto's Old City Hall
Old City Hall (Toronto)
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1898 drawing of the proposed square in front of Old City Hall (south of Queen Street) in Canadian Builder and Architect.
Old City Hall (Toronto)
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Drawing of the Queen Street elevation in 1887 plans.
Old City Hall (Toronto)
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South elevation with tower facing Queen Street and east elevation facing James Street.
2.
Terminating vista
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In urban design, a terminating vista is a building or monument that stands at the end or in the middle of a road, so that when one is looking up the street the view ends with the site. Terminating vistas are considered an important method of adding aesthetic appeal to a city, common terminating vistas include government buildings, war memorials, courthouses and other important structures. Standing at the end of a street adds grandeur to a structure, the important disadvantage of terminating vistas is that they make traffic more complicated and prevent a simple grid system of city blocks. To accommodate them, large circles or other techniques have to be employed to get traffic around the monument. Cities on a system such as New York City thus have few terminating vistas. A prominent NYC exception is the controversial MetLife Building, which was built on top of Park Avenue. A city particularly known for its terminating vistas is Paris, where many of the largest streets end in monuments and structures such as the Arc de Triomphe, another well-known example is Washington, D. C. Philadelphias City Hall is another example, situated on Penn Square where Broad, the two streets form the north-south and east-west axes of the citys core grid, leaving the large masonry structure visible from all sections of the city. The lost art of the Terminated Vista - UrbanIndy description Get to Know the Awkwardly-Named Terminated Vista - Placemakers
Terminating vista
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The
Presidential Office Building in
Taipei serves as the terminating vista for
Ketagalan Boulevard.
Terminating vista
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The
Ontario Legislative Building in
Toronto completes the terminating vista of
University Avenue.
3.
Davenport Road
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Davenport Road is an east–west arterial road in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It follows an old native trail along the foot of the scarp of the old shoreline of glacial Lake Iroquois and it currently runs from Yonge Street in the east to Old Weston Road in the west. The road follows the longest First Nations trail to exist in Ontario and it was known as Gete-Onigaming, Ojibwe for at the old portage. The trail, which continued along the route of Kingston Road east of the Don River. The Toronto portion of the trail had several names, including Plank Road, Bull Road. The section east of Bathurst Street was originally a part of Vaughan Road, the road was paved outside of York, Upper Canada in 1833, with the improvements to be paid for by tolls. Tollkeepers cottages were constructed every few kilometres, the cottage near what is now the intersection of Bathurst Street, during the 1837 Upper Canada Rebellion rebel leader William Lyon Mackenzie personally burned the home of Dr. R. C. Horne a prominent Tory, at the corner of Davenport Road, on April 20,1891 the newly incorporated Davenport Street Railway Company was awarded rights to operate a streetcar by West Toronto Junction. When the route began operation on September 6,1892, it was the second electrified streetcar line in the Toronto area—earlier routes being horse-drawn, the route ran from Keele and Dundas streets to Bathurst and Dupont streets. In 1894, the Davenport Street Railway Company was purchased by the Toronto Suburban Street Railway Company, the line had originally used a broad gauge, like Torontos other streetcar lines—so railway companies couldnt run freight on ordinary streets. Although it was changed to standard gauge no freight was ever carried. In 1896, The Daily Mail and Empire published a letter from a reader responding to recent article on roads requiring repair in Toronto described Davenport as being in simply disgraceful condition. The reader described Davenport Road, and several roads, as being block paved. In 1994, bicycle lanes were added to Davenport Road, list of east–west roads in Toronto
Davenport Road
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Davenport Road runs east - west at the foot of this scarp.
Davenport Road
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Davenport Road streetcar.
4.
Lake Ontario
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Lake Ontario is one of the five Great Lakes of North America. Ontario, Canadas most populous province, was named for the lake, in the Wyandot language, ontarío means “Lake of Shining Waters”. Its primary inlet is the Niagara River from Lake Erie, the last in the Great Lakes chain, Lake Ontario serves as the outlet to the Atlantic Ocean via the St. Lawrence River. Lake Ontario is the easternmost of the Great Lakes and the smallest in surface area and it is the 14th largest lake in the world. When its islands are included, the lake has a shoreline that is 712 miles long. As the last lake in the Great Lakes hydrologic chain, Lake Ontario has the lowest mean elevation of the lakes at 243 feet above sea level,326 feet lower than its neighbor upstream. Its maximum length is 193 statute miles and its width is 53 statute miles. The lakes average depth is 47 fathoms 1 foot, with a depth of 133 fathoms 4 feet. The lakes primary source is the Niagara River, draining Lake Erie, the drainage basin covers 24,720 square miles. As with all the Great Lakes, water levels both within the year and among years. These water level fluctuations are a part of lake ecology. The lake also has an important freshwater fishery, although it has negatively affected by factors including over-fishing, water pollution. Baymouth bars built by prevailing winds and currents have created a significant number of lagoons and sheltered harbors, mostly near Prince Edward County, Ontario, perhaps the best-known example is Toronto Bay, chosen as the site of the Upper Canada capital for its strategic harbour. Other prominent examples include Hamilton Harbour, Irondequoit Bay, Presquile Bay, the bars themselves are the sites of long beaches, such as Sandbanks Provincial Park and Sandy Island Beach State Park. These sand bars are associated with large wetlands, which support large numbers of plant and animal species. Presquile, on the shore of Lake Ontario, is particularly significant in this regard. The lake basin was carved out of soft, weak Silurian-age rocks by the Wisconsin ice sheet during the last ice age, the action of the ice occurred along the pre-glacial Ontarian River valley which had approximately the same orientation as todays basin. As the ice sheet retreated toward the north, it still dammed the St. Lawrence valley outlet and this stage is known as Lake Iroquois
Lake Ontario
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Looking east across Lake Ontario to
Toronto
Lake Ontario
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View from
Fort Ontario,
Oswego, New York
Lake Ontario
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Historic cannon at
Fort Niagara; Toronto across the lake
Lake Ontario
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Map of Lac de Frontenac (now Lake Ontario), showing
Teiaiagon and Lac Taronto (now
Lake Simcoe)
5.
Toronto
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Toronto is the most populous city in Canada and the provincial capital of Ontario. With a population of 2,731,571, Toronto is the fourth most populous city in North America after Mexico City, New York City, and Los Angeles. A global city, Toronto is a centre of business, finance, arts, and culture. Aboriginal peoples have inhabited the area now known as Toronto for thousands of years, the city itself is situated on the southern terminus of an ancient Aboriginal trail leading north to Lake Simcoe, used by the Wyandot, Iroquois, and the Mississauga. Permanent European settlement began in the 1790s, after the broadly disputed Toronto Purchase of 1787, the British established the town of York, and later designated it as the capital of Upper Canada. During the War of 1812, the town was the site of the Battle of York, York was renamed and incorporated as the city of Toronto in 1834, and became the capital of the province of Ontario during the Canadian Confederation in 1867. The city proper has since expanded past its original borders through amalgamation with surrounding municipalities at various times in its history to its current area of 630.2 km2. While the majority of Torontonians speak English as their primary language, Toronto is a prominent centre for music, theatre, motion picture production, and television production, and is home to the headquarters of Canadas major national broadcast networks and media outlets. Toronto is well known for its skyscrapers and high-rise buildings, in particular the tallest free-standing structure in the Western Hemisphere, the name Toronto is likely derived from the Iroquois word tkaronto, meaning place where trees stand in the water. This refers to the end of what is now Lake Simcoe. A portage route from Lake Ontario to Lake Huron running through this point, in the 1660s, the Iroquois established two villages within what is today Toronto, Ganatsekwyagon on the banks of the Rouge River and Teiaiagonon the banks of the Humber River. By 1701, the Mississauga had displaced the Iroquois, who abandoned the Toronto area at the end of the Beaver Wars, French traders founded Fort Rouillé on the current Exhibition grounds in 1750, but abandoned it in 1759. During the American Revolutionary War, the region saw an influx of British settlers as United Empire Loyalists fled for the British-controlled lands north of Lake Ontario, the new province of Upper Canada was in the process of creation and needed a capital. Dorchester intended the location to be named Toronto, in 1793, Governor John Graves Simcoe established the town of York on the Toronto Purchase lands, instead naming it after Prince Frederick, Duke of York and Albany. Simcoe decided to move the Upper Canada capital from Newark to York, the York garrison was constructed at the entrance of the towns natural harbour, sheltered by a long sandbar peninsula. The towns settlement formed at the end of the harbour behind the peninsula, near the present-day intersection of Parliament Street. In 1813, as part of the War of 1812, the Battle of York ended in the towns capture, the surrender of the town was negotiated by John Strachan. US soldiers destroyed much of the garrison and set fire to the parliament buildings during their five-day occupation, the sacking of York was a primary motivation for the Burning of Washington by British troops later in the war
Toronto
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From top left:
Downtown Toronto featuring the
CN Tower and
Financial District from the
Toronto Harbour,
City Hall, the
Ontario Legislative Building,
Casa Loma,
Prince Edward Viaduct, and the
Scarborough Bluffs
Toronto
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Coat of arms
Toronto
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Map of Toronto, 1894
Toronto
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Yonge Street in 1900
6.
University Avenue (Toronto)
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University Avenue is a major north-south road in Downtown Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Beginning at Front Street West in the south, the heads north to end at College Street just south of Queens Park. At its north end, the Ontario Legislative Building serves as a prominent terminating vista, University Avenue begins at the intersection of Front and York streets near Union Station and heads northwest for a short distance before turning north. At Adelaide Street West, the avenue divides slightly, leaving room for a median of greenery, the avenue ends at College Street, where it splits into Queens Park Crescent East and Queens Park Crescent West. Between these two roads is Queens Park, the home of the Ontario Legislative Building and this landmark creates a terminating vista for those looking north along University. The legislatures site was home to the main building of the University of Toronto. Today, the university surrounds the legislature building, north of Bloor Street, the road continues as Avenue Road. While Yonge Street is the heart of the city and Bay Street the financial hub, University Avenue is Torontos most ceremonial thoroughfare. The boulevard is unusually wide for Canadian cities, as it expands from 6 lanes wide to eight lanes wide, the speed limit is 50 km/h, reduced from 60 km/h. The northernmost part of the street is dominated by a series of hospitals and these include the Toronto General Hospital, Mount Sinai Hospital, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, and the Hospital for Sick Children. This stretch is occasionally referred to as Hospital Row by locals, the intersection of University and College is also home to the headquarters of Ontario Power Generation. The rest of the street is home to a variety of corporate offices, historically, this imposing street has been met with mixed reviews. University Avenue has matured and mellowed somewhat since Bertons unfavourable observation, though paving is still characterized by poured concrete and asphalt for most sidewalks, restaurants now dot the southern end of University Avenue. Recently completed at the intersection of University and Queen Street is the Four Seasons Centre, which is the new home of the Canadian Opera Company, osgoode Hall presents stately architecture and a welcome green space. During the holiday season, festive lights illuminate the trees and shrubs of the boulevard, unlike most major streets in Toronto, there are no rooftop billboards visible from University Avenue due to a bylaw. A portion of the University line portion of the Yonge-University-Spadina subway line runs the length of University Avenue, University Avenue was originally made up of two streets, College Avenue and University Street, and separated by a fence, but it was eventually removed and the streets were merged. The merged street ended at Queen Street until 1931, when it was extended southward to Front Street, University Avenue features many landmark buildings and monuments. My Times, Living with history 1947-1995, ISBN 0-385-25528-4 Google Maps of University Avenue
University Avenue (Toronto)
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University Avenue near
College Street, with the
Ontario Legislative Building visible in the background
University Avenue (Toronto)
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University Avenue near College Street, circa 1900
University Avenue (Toronto)
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The soaring
South African War Memorial by
Walter Seymour Allward stands in the median just north of Queen Street West
University Avenue (Toronto)
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The
Adam Beck Memorial is located in the landscaped median, between northbound and southbound lanes just south of Queen Street West
7.
Avenue Road
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Avenue Road is a major north-south street in Toronto, Ontario. The road is a continuation of University Avenue, linked to it via Queens Park, until January 1,1998, these roads were designated Highway 11A. Avenue Road is the limit of the former town of Yorkville, officially beginning at Bloor Street. At its southern terminus, it runs two of Torontos major hotels, the Park Hyatt and the Four Seasons Hotel. On the northeast corner of the intersection with Bloor is the Church of the Redeemer, for much of its length the road is fairly residential, with a mix of small businesses, as well as a few large schools and churches. A notable site along this section is the Hare Krishna Temple, formerly the Avenue Road Church, opposite Dupont Street. Just north of St. Clair Avenue, Avenue Road is interrupted by Upper Canada College, ending at Lonsdale Road, the primary traffic route runs east of the school, following widened sections of Lonsdale Road and Oriole Parkway and returning to Avenue Road via Oxton Avenue. North of Eglinton Avenue, the former St. James-Bond Church once stood and this building, which used to house two prime downtown congregations – St. James Square, and Bond Street – was built in the late 1920s, and closed in June 2005. Near Lawrence Avenue is Havergal College, a private girls school. Although in the city of North York, much of the area considers the school part of North Toronto. Avenue Road ends at Bombay Avenue, just after crossing Highway 401, a few miles north of Torontos Avenue Road, there is a separate Avenue Road in Richmond Hill, running almost due north of the Toronto one. However, Avenue Road is a street name elsewhere in the English-speaking world, notably London. In British English, an avenue is a row of trees, thus ones reaction to the name may be seen as a shibboleth evincing attachment to British or American culture. A common urban legend about the origin of the name goes as follows, lieutenant Governor John Graves Simcoe was surveying the old town of York and came to a spot on Bloor Street and pointed north. He said, Lets ave a new road, public transit along Avenue Road is provided by the Toronto Transit Commission, on three different bus routes. The two main routes are the 5 Avenue Road, and the 61 Avenue Road North. The former originates from Eglinton station and takes commuters into downtown, there is also an express route,142 Avenue Road Express, which runs the length of the road, for a direct ride into downtown and the Financial District. It runs during rush hours only and requires a double fare
Avenue Road
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The Anglican Church of the Messiah on Avenue Road.
Avenue Road
Avenue Road
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Queen's Park
Avenue Road
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Emmanuel College
8.
Yonge Street
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Yonge Street is a major arterial route connecting the shores of Lake Ontario in Toronto to Lake Simcoe, a gateway to the Upper Great Lakes. Yonge Street is actually 86 kilometres long, the construction of Yonge Street is designated an Event of National Historic Significance in Canada. Yonge Street was fundamental in the planning and settlement of western Upper Canada in the 1790s. Once the southernmost leg of Highway 11, linking the capital with northern Ontario, today, no section of Yonge Street is a provincial highway. The street was named by Ontarios first colonial administrator, John Graves Simcoe, for his friend Sir George Yonge, in Toronto and York Region, Yonge Street is the north-south baseline from which street numbering is reckoned east and west. See the Public Transit section below, Yonge Street originates on the northern shore of Toronto Bay at Queens Quay, a four-lane arterial road proceeding north by north-west. Torontos Harbourfront is built on landfill extended into the bay, with the industrial area now converted from port, rail. The street passes under the elevated Gardiner Expressway and the rail lines of the Toronto viaduct on their approach to Union Station. The road rises slightly near Front Street, marking the pre-landfill shoreline, beyond Front Street the road passes through the east side of the Financial District, within sight of many of Canadas tallest buildings, fronting an entrance to the Allen Lambert Galleria. Between Front Street and Queen Street, Yonge Street is bounded by historic and commercial buildings, the east side has two historic performance venues, the Ed Mirvish Theatre and the Elgin and Winter Garden Theatres. In addition, Massey Hall is located just to the east on Shuter Street, opposite the Eaton Centre lies Yonge-Dundas Square. It is used for public events. Another stretch of busy retail lines both sides of Yonge Street north of Dundas Street, including Sam the Record Man until its closure on June 30,2007, the density of businesses diminishes north of Gerrard Street, residential towers flank this section. The Art Deco College Park building, a shopping complex of the T. Eaton Company, occupies most of the west side of Yonge Street from Gerrard Street north to College Street and it was converted into a residential and commercial complex after the building of the Eaton Centre. From College Street north to Bloor Street, Yonge Street serves smaller street-level retail, the intersection of Yonge and Bloor Streets is a major crossroads of Toronto, informally considered the northern edge of the downtown core. Subway Line 2 Bloor–Danforth intersects the Yonge line here, with the transfers between lines making Bloor-Yonge Station the busiest in the city. The Hudsons Bay Centre and Two Bloor West office towers dominate the corner, the Mink Miles borders extend from Yonge to Avenue Road along Bloor
Yonge Street
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Yonge Street at
North York Centre
Yonge Street
–
The
Toronto Eaton Centre on Yonge Street south of
Dundas Street
Yonge Street
–
College Park, located at Yonge and
College
Yonge Street
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Yonge Street in Toronto is served by the TTC bus route 97 during the day.
9.
King Street (Toronto)
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King Street is a major east–west commercial thoroughfare in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It was one of the first streets laid out in the 1793 plan of the Town of York and this original core was destroyed in the 1849 Great Fire of Toronto, but subsequently rebuilt. The original street extended from George to Berkeley Street and was extended by 1901 to its present terminuses at Roncesvalles Avenue in the west and the Don River in the east. King Streets western terminus is at an intersection with The Queensway to the west, Roncesvalles Avenue to the north, King runs to the south-east briefly before curving to the east until just west of Parliament Street. There, it curves north-east until terminates at a merge with Queen Street East just west of the Don River, prior to a realignment, Eastern Avenue was the East end of King Street and crossed the Don at the King Street Bridge. Yonge Street, the north–south divider of many Toronto east–west streets, divides King Street into King Street East, canadas Walk of Fame runs along King Street from John Street to Simcoe Street and south on Simcoe. It is a tribute in granite to Canadians who have gained fame in the fields of music, literature, journalism, dance, sports, acting, entertainment and broadcasting. King Street East is predominantly known as the high-end, luxury furniture district of downtown Toronto, with dozens of stores on King Street and in the surrounding area. King Street is served along its length by the Toronto Transit Commissions 504 King streetcar route. It connects with the Yonge–University–Spadina subway line at St. Andrew Station at University Avenue and it connects with the Bloor–Danforth subway line at Dundas West and Broadview stations. The street was served by the 508 Lake Shore route until it was terminated in June 2015. It was subsequently replaced by the 514 Cherry route in June 2016, in the original 1793 plan of the Town of York, King Street was the original name of the section of todays Front Street from George Street east to Parliament Street. This was changed in 1797, when York was extended to the west, the original King Street became Palace Street, and Duke Street was renamed King Street. The new King Street was extended west to York Street, in 1798, King Street was extended further west, to Peter Street. In the 1837 westerly extension of Toronto, King Street was extended west to Garrison Creek, in the 1849 Great Fire, much of the business core at King and Jarvis was destroyed. By 1901, King Street West was completed to its intersection at Roncesvalles. Lawrence Market and the historic King Edward Hotel
King Street (Toronto)
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King Street West
King Street (Toronto)
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King Street at Yonge
King Street (Toronto)
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The King Street West Railway Subway, built in 1888, carries
CN and
GO Transit rail traffic above King Street West between Atlantic and Sudbury.
King Street (Toronto)
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Wall and chairs (1985) by Al McWilliams on King Street
10.
Downtown Toronto
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Downtown Toronto is the main central business district in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Located entirely within the district of Old Toronto, it is bounded by Bloor Street to the north, Lake Ontario to the south, the Don River to the east. It is also the centre of the City of Toronto. The Financial District, centred on the intersection of Bay Street and it contains the Toronto Stock Exchange, which is the largest in Canada and seventh in the world by market capitalization. The construction of skyscrapers in Downtown Toronto had started to increase during the 1960s. The retail core of the downtown is the Downtown Yonge area located along Yonge Street from Queen Street to College Street, there is a large cluster of retail centres and shops in the area, including the Toronto Eaton Centre indoor mall. There are an estimated 600 retail stores,150 bars and restaurants, in recent years the area has been experiencing a renaissance as the Business Improvement Area has brought in new retail and improved the cleanliness. The area has seen the opening of the Dundas Square public square. The area includes several live theatres, a complex at Dundas Square. Historical sites and landmarks include the Arts & Letter Club, the Church of the Holy Trinity, Mackenzie House, Maple Leaf Gardens, Old City Hall, the area of St. Lawrence to the east of the financial district is the oldest area of Toronto. It features heritage buildings, theatres, music, dining and many pubs and it is a community of distinct downtown neighbourhoods including the site of the original Town of York, which was Torontos first neighbourhood, dating back to 1793. The area boasts one of the largest concentrations of 19th century buildings in Ontario, further to the east is Corktown and the Distillery District. On Saturday there is a farmers market, to the west of the financial district is the Entertainment District. It is home to hundreds of restaurants, nightclubs, sporting facilities, boutiques, hotels, attractions, the district was formerly an industrial area and was redeveloped for entertainment purposes in the early 1980s, becoming a major centre for entertainment. The redevelopment started with the Mirvish family refurbishing of the Royal Alexandra Theatre, the area is now the site of Roy Thomson Hall and the Canadian Broadcasting Centre. The Yorkville area, to the north, north of Bloor Street and the Mink Mile, has more than 700 designer boutiques, spas, restaurants, hotels and it is a former village in its own right and since the early 1970s has developed into an up-scale shopping district. The intersection of Bloor and Yonge Streets is the intersection of the subway lines and is one of the busiest intersections in the city. At the intersection of Avenue Road and Bloor Street is the Royal Ontario Museum, the Harbourfront area to the south was formerly an industrial and railway lands area
Downtown Toronto
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Aerial view of the
Financial District in Downtown Toronto
Downtown Toronto
–
Aerial view of the
Financial District from the
CN Tower at night
Downtown Toronto
–
Aerial view of downtown
Downtown Toronto
–
View of downtown Toronto from Gardiner Expressway.
11.
Ontario
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Ontario, one of the 13 provinces and territories of Canada, is located in east-central Canada. It is Canadas most populous province by a margin, accounting for nearly 40 percent of all Canadians. Ontario is fourth-largest in total area when the territories of the Northwest Territories and it is home to the nations capital city, Ottawa, and the nations most populous city, Toronto. There is only about 1 km of land made up of portages including Height of Land Portage on the Minnesota border. Ontario is sometimes divided into two regions, Northern Ontario and Southern Ontario. The great majority of Ontarios population and arable land is located in the south, in contrast, the larger, northern part of Ontario is sparsely populated with cold winters and is heavily forested. The province is named after Lake Ontario, a thought to be derived from Ontarí, io, a Huron word meaning great lake, or possibly skanadario. Ontario has about 250,000 freshwater lakes, the province consists of three main geographical regions, The thinly populated Canadian Shield in the northwestern and central portions, which comprises over half the land area of Ontario. Although this area mostly does not support agriculture, it is rich in minerals and in part covered by the Central and Midwestern Canadian Shield forests, studded with lakes, Northern Ontario is subdivided into two sub-regions, Northwestern Ontario and Northeastern Ontario. The virtually unpopulated Hudson Bay Lowlands in the north and northeast, mainly swampy. Southern Ontario which is further sub-divided into four regions, Central Ontario, Eastern Ontario, Golden Horseshoe, the highest point is Ishpatina Ridge at 693 metres above sea level located in Temagami, Northeastern Ontario. In the south, elevations of over 500 m are surpassed near Collingwood, above the Blue Mountains in the Dundalk Highlands, the Carolinian forest zone covers most of the southwestern region of the province. A well-known geographic feature is Niagara Falls, part of the Niagara Escarpment, the Saint Lawrence Seaway allows navigation to and from the Atlantic Ocean as far inland as Thunder Bay in Northwestern Ontario. Northern Ontario occupies roughly 87 percent of the area of the province. Point Pelee is a peninsula of Lake Erie in southwestern Ontario that is the southernmost extent of Canadas mainland, Pelee Island and Middle Island in Lake Erie extend slightly farther. All are south of 42°N – slightly farther south than the border of California. The climate of Ontario varies by season and location, the effects of these major air masses on temperature and precipitation depend mainly on latitude, proximity to major bodies of water and to a small extent, terrain relief. In general, most of Ontarios climate is classified as humid continental, Ontario has three main climatic regions
Ontario
–
Algonquin Provincial Park, Cache Lake
Ontario
–
Flag
Ontario
–
Summer at
Sandbanks Provincial Park on Lake Ontario.
Ontario
–
The
Niagara Escarpment on the
Bruce Peninsula.
12.
Financial District, Toronto
–
The Financial District is a business district in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, within the downtown core. It was originally planned as New Town in 1796 as an extension of the Town of York and it is the main financial district in Toronto, and is the financial heart of Canada. Examples of this trend are the Telus Tower and RBC Centre, within the district was the historic Wholesale District along Bay Street from Melinda Street to The Esplanade was destroyed by the Great Fire of Toronto of 1904. It is the most densely built-up area of Toronto, home to banking companies, corporate headquarters, high-powered legal and accounting firms, insurance companies. In turn, the presence of so many decision-makers has brought in advertising agencies, the banks have built large office towers, much of whose space is leased to these companies. The vast majority of stores are only open during weekdays during the business day when the financial district is populated. During the evenings and weekends, the walkways remain open but the area is almost deserted and it is estimated that 100,000 commuters enter and leave the financial district each working day. Transport links are centered on Union Station at the end of the financial district. Most of these banks were regional and came and went and it was not until the second half of the 20th Century that the Big Five banks located their headquarters there. The organization engages in streetscape improvements, addressing key issues that impact the area, and promoting the areas businesses online
Financial District, Toronto
–
View of skyscrapers in the financial district from the
CN Tower
Financial District, Toronto
–
First Canadian Place
Financial District, Toronto
–
Scotia Plaza
Financial District, Toronto
–
Commerce Court
13.
Economy of Canada
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Canada has the 10th or 15th-largest economy in the world, is one of the worlds wealthiest nations, and is a member of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development and Group of Seven. As with other developed nations, the Canadian economy is dominated by the service industry, Canada is unusual among developed countries in the importance of the primary sector, with the logging and oil industries being two of Canadas most important. Canada also has a manufacturing sector, based in Central Canada, with the automobile industry. With a long coastline, Canada has the 8th largest commercial fishing, Canada is one of the global leaders of the entertainment software industry. With the exception of a few big island nations in the Caribbean, as a result, Canada has developed its own social and political institutions, distinct from most other countries in the world. Though the Canadian economy is closely integrated with the American economy, the Canadian economic system generally combines elements of private enterprise and public enterprise. Many aspects of enterprise, most notably the development of an extensive social welfare system to redress social. Canada has a private to public property ratio of 60,40, today Canada closely resembles the U. S. in its market-oriented economic system and pattern of production. As of February 2013, Canadas national unemployment rate stood at 7. 0%, in May 2010, provincial unemployment rates varied from a low of 5. 0% in Saskatchewan to a high of 13. 8% in Newfoundland and Labrador. According to the Forbes Global 2000 list of the worlds largest companies in 2008, Canada has 69 companies in the list, International trade makes up a large part of the Canadian economy, particularly of its natural resources. In 2009, agriculture, energy, forestry and mining accounted for about 58% of Canadas total exports. Machinery, equipment, automotive products and other manufactures accounted for a further 38% of exports in 2009, in 2009, exports accounted for approximately 30% of Canadas GDP. The United States is by far its largest trading partner, accounting for about 73% of exports, Canadas combined exports and imports ranked 8th among all nations in 2006. Approximately 4% of Canadians are directly employed in primary resource fields and they are still paramount in many parts of the country. Many, if not most, towns in northern Canada, where agriculture is difficult, several of Canadas largest companies are based in natural resource industries, such as EnCana, Cameco, Goldcorp, and Barrick Gold. The vast majority of products are exported, mainly to the United States. There are also secondary and service industries that are directly linked to primary ones. For instance one of Canadas largest manufacturing industries is the pulp and paper sector, the reliance on natural resources has several effects on the Canadian economy and Canadian society
Economy of Canada
–
Toronto, the financial centre of Canada
Economy of Canada
Economy of Canada
–
The
Toronto-Dominion Centre in Toronto
Economy of Canada
–
Bombardier Aerospace is the 3rd largest manufacturer of commercial aircraft in the world. Pictured here is a
CRJ-900 airplane of
Scandinavian Airlines (OY-KFA) built in Canada
14.
Montreal
–
Montreal, officially Montréal, is the most populous municipality in the Canadian province of Quebec and the 2nd-most populous in Canada as a whole. Originally called Ville-Marie, or City of Mary, it is believed to be named after Mount Royal, the city has a distinct four-season continental climate, with warm-to-hot summers and cold, snowy winters. In 2016, Montreal had a population of 1,704,694, Montreals metropolitan area had a population of 4,098,927 and a population of 1,958,257 in the urban agglomeration, with all of the municipalities on the Island of Montreal included. Legally a French-speaking city,60. 5% of Montrealers speak French at home,21. 2% speak English and 19. 8% speak neither, Montreal is one of the most bilingual cities in Quebec and Canada, with 56% of the population able to speak both official languages. Montreal is the second-largest primarily French-speaking city in the world after Paris, historically the commercial capital of Canada, it was surpassed in population and economic strength by Toronto in the 1970s. It remains an important centre of commerce, aerospace, finance, pharmaceuticals, technology, design, education, culture, tourism, gaming, film, Montreal was also named a UNESCO City of Design. In 2009, Montreal was named North Americas leading host city for international events, according to the 2009 preliminary rankings of the International Congress. According to the 2015 Global Liveability Ranking by the Economist Intelligence Unit, in the 2017 edition of their Best Student Cities ranking, Quacquarelli Symonds ranked Montreal as the worlds best city to study abroad. Also, Montreal has 11 universities with 170,000 students enrolled, the Greater Montréal region has the highest number of university students per capita among all metropolitan areas in North America. It is the only Canadian city to have held the Summer Olympics, currently, the city hosts the Canadian Grand Prix of Formula One, the Montreal International Jazz Festival and the Just for Laughs festival. In 2012, Montreal was ranked as a Beta+ world city, in Kanien’kéha, or Mohawk language, the island is called Tiohtià, ke Tsi or Ka-wé-no-te. In Anishinaabemowin, or Ojibwe language, the land is called Mooniyaang, though the city was first named by French colonizers Ville Marie, or City of Mary, its current name comes from Mount Royal, the triple-peaked hill in the heart of the city. The most popular theory is that the name derives from Mont Réal, Cartiers 1535 diary entry, naming the mountain, according to the Commission de toponymie du Québec and the Geographical Names Board of Canada, Canadian place names have only one official form. Thus, Montreal is officially spelled with an accent over the e in both English and French. In practice, this is limited to governmental uses. English-speaking Montrealers, including English-language media, regularly omit the accent when writing in English, archaeological evidence demonstrates that First Nations native people occupied the island of Montreal as early as 4,000 years ago. By the year AD1000, they had started to cultivate maize, within a few hundred years, they had built fortified villages. Archeologists have found evidence of their habitation there and at locations in the valley since at least the 14th century
Montreal
–
Clockwise from top:
Downtown Montreal as seen from the
Champlain Bridge;
McGill University;
Saint Joseph's Oratory; the
Old Montreal featuring the
Montreal Clock Tower and the
Jacques Cartier Bridge during the
Montreal Fireworks Festival; a view of the
Notre-Dame Basilica from
Place d'Armes; and the
Olympic Stadium.
Montreal
–
The Montreal Harbour in 1889.
Montreal
–
Saint Jacques Street (formerly St. James Street), in 1910
Montreal
–
Bonsecours Market in autumn.
15.
Saint Jacques Street
–
Saint Jacques Street is a major street in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. The street is known by two names, St. James Street in English and rue Saint-Jacques in French. Both names are used in English and French, although Saint-Jacques is the most common for geographical reference, St. James Street is usually used in reference to the streets historic importance as a financial district. A main thoroughfare passing through Old Montreal, the street was first opened in 1672, the portion between McGill Street and place Saint Henri was originally called Bonaventure Street. This name has passed down to Place Bonaventure, Bonaventure Expressway, at the time of its construction in 1928, the Royal Bank of Canadas new headquarters at 360 St. James Street was the tallest building in the British Empire. The St James St. area was also the office of the Bank of Montreal. It was also home to the brokerage houses such as Nesbitt, Thomson and Company, Pitfield, MacKay, Ross, Royal Securities Corporation. 215, McMaster Meighen, lawyers 225, National Trust Co, 231-235, Montreal Star 240, Guardian Trust Co. A number chose to move their official head offices to Toronto, Ontario. As a result, the St. James Street financial district has all, during the 1990s, the Montreal Expos baseball club unveiled plans to build a new stadium in downtown Montreal, right off St. Jacques Street, just south of the Bell Centre. When provincial funding for the new building fell through, the Expos did not continue with their plan and that stretch of Saint Jacques is now undergoing considerable gentrification. These include Bank of Montreals domed Montreal Main Branch, the headquarters of Royal Bank of Canada, the Canadian Bank of Commerce, the Molson Bank. More modern buildings include the Montreal World Trade Centre and the Stock Exchange Tower, farther west, St. Jacques Street runs through the residential neighbourhoods of Little Burgundy, Saint-Henri, Notre-Dame-de-Grâce and Lachine. Lionel-Groulx and Place-Saint-Henri Metro stations are located on St, the McGill University Health Centre superhospital will front Saint-Jacques in Notre-Dame-de-Grâce. City of Montreal website for St. James St
Saint Jacques Street
–
Saint Jacques Street in
Old Montreal
Saint Jacques Street
–
St. James Street, Montreal, in 1872
Saint Jacques Street
–
St. James Street at its peak in 1895
Saint Jacques Street
–
Bank of Montreal main branch, on St. Jacques
16.
Queens Quay (Toronto)
–
Queens Quay is a prominent street in the Harbourfront neighbourhood of Toronto, Ontario, Canada. The road supplanted both Front Street and Lake Shore Boulevard as the most southerly east-west corridor in the city when it was created on reclaimed land in the inner harbour, sometime after 1919 to the early 1920s the inner harbour was filled in and new slips were created. Queens Quay continues to go through a significant transformation, originally, it served as an access road for the various ports and slips in the inner harbour. However, the industrial uses along Queens Quay were slowly replaced by commercial and residential uses. Between 1975 and 1979, a cluster of large, concrete towers were erected at the foot of Bay Street, south of Queens Quay, in 1990, the 40-storey York Quay towers were built and remain the tallest buildings on Queens Quay. The scale and density of these and subsequent high-rise development along Queens Quay were criticized for blocking the lake, in 1999, the Toronto Transit Commission opened a dedicated streetcar right-of-way in the median from Bay Street to Bathurst Street. In 2001, the city set out to improve Queens Quay by reclaiming public space for pedestrians. This resulted in the Waterfront Toronto Central Waterfront Public Realm International Design Competition, in August 2006, the city closed the two eastbound lanes, replacing them with bike lanes as part of the Martin Goodman Trail and additional pedestrian space. The experiment resulted in a public realm and more visitors to the overall waterfront area. The plan will restrict Queens Quay to two lanes, on the north side of the streetcar tracks, similar to the design of the 2006 experiment. Additionally, the calls for the beautification and extension of the Harbourfront streetcar line along Queens Quay East between Yonge and Cherry Street. The transit right-of-way will be grass-covered, in 2013 two open spaces opens, Ontario Square and Canada Square. The former is a public space and the latter a green area. Both replace the parking lot, which is now underground. Queens Quay is served by two lines, operating on a dedicated right-of-way. The 509 Harbourfront and 510 Spadina both terminate at Union Station and run along Queens Quay from Bay Street, westward, at Spadina Avenue, the 510 heads north to Spadina Station, and the 509 continues west, bound for the Exhibition Loop. Originally there was to have been a station in front of the Westin Harbour Castle Hotel. This plan was cancelled when the management became unwilling to share in the cost
Queens Quay (Toronto)
–
Queens Quay
Queens Quay (Toronto)
–
Looking east down Queens Quay, next to Ann Tindal Park.
Queens Quay (Toronto)
–
Queens Quay in 1910
Queens Quay (Toronto)
–
Little Norway Park
17.
Toronto Harbour
–
Toronto Harbour or Toronto Bay is a bay on the north shore of Lake Ontario, in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It is a harbour, protected from Lake Ontario waves by the Toronto Islands. Today, the harbour is used primarily for recreational boating, including personal vessels, ferries travel from docks on the mainland to the Islands, and cargo ships deliver aggregates and raw sugar to industries located in the harbour. Historically, the harbour has been used for vessels, passenger traffic. Waterfront uses include residential, recreational, cultural, commercial and industrial sites, there are two harbours, the original natural harbour, today named the Inner Harbour, and the Outer Harbour. Access into the Inner Harbour is made via either the Western Gap or Eastern Gap, the Don River drains into the Inner Harbour from the north-east, through the Keating Channel. The Inner Harbour is used by boats and commercial vessels. The Ports Toronto agency maintains the harbour and operates port facilities, the north shore has a mixed range of uses including Harbourfront, a conversion from industrial land to recreational and cultural uses. Harbourfront has parks, hotels, an amphitheatre, and many other facilities, the north shore retains one port-related industrial use, the Redpath Sugar Refinery, while most of the lands have been converted to other uses. The Jack Layton Ferry Terminal is located at the foot of Bay Street and pleasure, the Toronto Islands are mostly parkland, and are the site of several boat clubs, an amusement park, an airport, and a small residential area. The Western Gap is a 120 metres wide channel allowing western access to the Inner Harbour, the gap is deep enough to allow large ships to enter and exit into the Inner Harbour. The Billy Bishop Toronto City Airport is located on the side of the channel and is accessed by ferry. Before the island airport was built, the waterway was wide with a sandy shoal surrounding what became Hanlans Point. The channel was dredged and the sands deposited to form the airport lands, the gap was first formed from 1852 to 1858 when storms caused a break in the sandy spit that connected the area with mainland. Prior to the 1800s, small boat users had to use a portage on the end of the sandy spit peninsula from Lake Ontario to the inner harbour. After 1858, the Harbour Trust made the channel into a permanent waterway. Toronto also has a harbour, called the Outer Harbour. The City of Torontos Cherry Beach Clarke Beach Park, located on the side of the Outer Harbour, is popular in summer
Toronto Harbour
–
The Toronto skyline as seen from the Toronto Harbour
Toronto Harbour
–
Ships owned by Mariposa (Ferries located at Bay Street)
Toronto Harbour
–
Toronto Harbour in 1793.
Toronto Harbour
–
Cruise ship moored at what was once the international ferry terminal.
18.
Queen Street West
–
Queen Street begins in the west at the intersection of King Street, The Queensway, and Roncesvalles Avenue. Queen Street was the baseline for the original east-west avenues of Torontos grid pattern of major streets. The western end of Queen is now best known as a centre for Canadian broadcasting, music, fashion, performance, over the past twenty-five years, Queen West has become an international arts centre, and a major tourist attraction in Toronto. Since the original survey in 1793 by Sir Alexander Aitkin, commissioned by Lieutenant Governor John Graves Simcoe, for its first sixty years, many sections were referred to as Lot Street. These 40 hectares lots were placed along the side of the first east–west road laid in York. In 1837 Lot Street was renamed in honour of Queen Victoria, Queen West is local vernacular which generally refers to the collection of neighbourhoods that have developed along and around the thoroughfare. Many of these were originally ethnically-based neighbourhoods, the earliest example from the mid-19th century was Claretown, an Irish immigrant enclave in the area of Queen Street West and Bathurst Street. From the 1890s to the 1930s, Jewish immigrants coalesced in the known as the Ward. The intersection of Queen and Bay Streets also served as the end of a thriving Chinatown in the 1930s. From the 1920s to the 1950s, the area was also the heart of Torontos Polish, from the 1950s through the 1970s, many immigrants from Portugal settled in the area. Gentrification over the past twenty years has caused most recent immigrants to move to more affordable areas of the city as desirability of the area drives up prices. Since the 19th century, Queen Street West at Yonge Street has been one of Torontos primary shopping destinations, today, Eatons is gone, but the Toronto Eaton Centre still remains at the same location, one of Canadas largest office and shopping complexes. Similarly, Simpsons is also gone, but the department store building remains on the south side of Queen Street, occupied by the Hudsons Bay. Further west, this stretch of Queen Street is dominated by institutional and cultural buildings such as Old City Hall, Toronto City Hall, Osgoode Hall and the Four Seasons Centre. In the 1960s and into the early 1980s, this stretch of Queen Street West was a commercial strip, known for greasy spoon restaurants. The late 1980s, saw the relocation of CityTV to 299 Queen Street West which gentrified the area almost overnight, a more mainstream culture soon attracted other artists, wider audiences, and wealthier businesses to the area. The push continued into the mid and late 2000s and into Parkdale until that area also became associated with trendy businesses. By the mid 1990s with the opening of stores such as Le Chateau, probably the first chain store on the strip, the name Queen Street became synonymous with the such as trendy, hip
Queen Street West
–
Street signs for Queen Street West and Abell Street, in West Queen West
Queen Street West
–
Looking west along Queen Street from Yonge Street, circa 1885
Queen Street West
–
Shoppers crossing Queen Street West in 1910
Queen Street West
–
Queen Street West at James Street; 360 degree panoramic photo showing (from left to right) The Bay, Simpsons Tower, with a route
501 Queen TTC streetcar, Old City Hall, the
Cadillac-Fairview tower, and the Eaton Centre.
19.
Wall Street
–
Wall Street is an eight-block-long street running roughly northwest to southeast from Broadway to South Street, at the East River, in the Financial District of Lower Manhattan in New York City. Over time, the term has become a metonym for the markets of the United States as a whole. Several other major exchanges have or had headquarters in the Wall Street area, including the New York Mercantile Exchange, the New York Board of Trade, there are varying accounts about how the Dutch-named de Walstraat got its name. A conflicting explanation is that Wall Street was named after Walloons— the Dutch name for a Walloon is Waal, among the first settlers that embarked on the ship Nieu Nederlandt in 1624 were 30 Walloon families. The Dutch word wal can be translated as rampart, however, even some English maps show the name as Waal Straat, and not as Wal Straat. But soon after that, the Dutch governor, Kieft, sent his men out there one night, few of them escaped, but they spread the story of what had been done, and this did much to antagonize all the remaining tribes against all the white settlers. Shortly after, Nieuw Amsterdam erected a palisade for defense against its now enraged red neighbors. The space between the walls is now called Wall Street, and its spirit is still that of a bulwark against the people. In the 1640s basic picket and plank fences denoted plots and residences in the colony, in 1685, surveyors laid out Wall Street along the lines of the original stockade. In these early days, local merchants and traders would gather at disparate spots to buy and sell shares and bonds, Wall Street was also the marketplace where owners could hire out their slaves by the day or week. The rampart was removed in 1699, the slave market operated from 1711 to 1762 at the corner of Wall and Pearl Streets. It was a structure with a roof and open sides, although walls may have been added over the years. The city directly benefited from the sale of slaves by implementing taxes on every person who was bought, in the late 18th century there was a buttonwood tree at the foot of Wall Street under which traders and speculators would gather to trade securities. The benefit was being in proximity to each other, in 1792, traders formalized their association with the Buttonwood Agreement which was the origin of the New York Stock Exchange. The idea of the agreement was to make the more structured and without the manipulative auctions. Persons signing the agreement agreed to each other a standard commission rate, persons not signing could still participate. In 1789 Wall Street was the scene of the United States first presidential inauguration when George Washington took the oath of office on the balcony of Federal Hall on April 30,1789 and this was also the location of the passing of the Bill Of Rights. Alexander Hamilton, who was the first Treasury secretary and architect of the early United States financial system, is buried in the cemetery of Trinity Church, in the first few decades, both residences and businesses occupied the area, but increasingly business predominated
Wall Street
–
Street sign
Wall Street
–
The
New York Stock Exchange on Wall Street, the world's largest
stock exchange per total
market capitalization of its listed companies.
Wall Street
–
The original city map called the
Castello Plan from 1660, showing the wall on the right side
Wall Street
–
Depiction of the wall of New Amsterdam on a tile in the
Wall Street subway station, serving the
4 5 trains
20.
Old Toronto Star Building
–
The Old Toronto Star Building was an Art Deco office tower in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It was the headquarters of the Toronto Star newspaper from 1929 until 1970 and it was demolished to make way for the First Canadian Place tower. The building was located at 80 King Street West, the building was designed by the firm of Chapman and Oxley and opened in 1929. It was 22 storeys and 88 metres tall, the front facade around the main entrance was clad in granite, the entrance itself having a bronze screen. The first three floors of the building were clad in granite, the floors in limestone. On the third floor, the facade was wrapped in elaborate stonework in geometric and floral motifs, which adorned the interior. The first six floors were built in reinforced concrete, while the tower was built with a steel frame. The first six stories held the offices of the Star, the 21st floor housed the newspapers radio studios. The ground floor facing King Street housed a few retail stores, the basement had a restaurant and barbershop. Some stonework from the building can be found at Guild Park and Gardens, superman co-creator Joe Shuster used the building as a model for the Daily Planet Building
Old Toronto Star Building
–
Toronto Star building in 1961.
21.
College Street (Toronto)
–
College Street is a principal arterial thoroughfare in downtown Toronto, Canada, connecting former streetcar suburbs in the west with the city centre. The street is home to a diverse population in the western residential reaches, and institutions like the Ontario Legislature. At Yonge Street, College continues to the east as Carlton Street, College Street takes its name from the University of Toronto, originally Kings College. Between Spadina Avenue and Yonge Street, College marks the boundary of the original 1827 land grant for the college. The street was immediately proposed as an east-west route along the boundary, the first section built was to the west of Spadina Avenue, through the estate of Robert Baldwin, who laid out the route. This section was built with the 100 feet that was used for Spadina. The section through Baldwins estate was laid out in 1842, after John Howard made the 1873 land grant which would become High Park, the Denison family proposed that the city extend College Street west as a sort of driving park to access the new public lands. The path to the west of Manning Avenue was blocked by William Wakefield, the purchase of Wakefields land did not take place until 1879. The right-of-way purchased through Wakefields land was the standard 66 feet width, the cost of the land may have been a factor. Building the route west of Clinton Street was a challenge in the 1880s, at the time, a direct line west would have traveled through the ravines of Garrison and Brewery Creeks as far as Dufferin Street, the western city limit at the time. Instead, the road was rerouted along a north-western crescent running parallel to the creeks, the route then proceeded straight as far west as Havelock Street, just east of Dufferin. At Havelock Street, the right-of-way intersected the property of Charles Lindsay, the alignment of College Street would have bisected his property, leaving unsaleable lot sizes on the south side of College. Lindsay was able to convince the city to reroute around his property to the north, with a kink that exists to this day, after the suburb of Brockton was annexed in the 1880s, the final section of College Street was built to Lansdowne Avenue in 1886. It was expected that College would be extended further, but just west of Lansdowne the rail lines created a barrier, streetcar service extended as far west as Dufferin by 1889, and to High Park by 1893. Sunday operation of the line to High Park did not begin until 1897, the streetcar led to the development of residential sub-divisions on both sides, with street frontages actually empty. The frontages were used for billboards, with development on the only filling up the lots on both sides by World War I, although some vacant lots existed into the 1920s. The intersection at Yonge Street is dominated by the landmark College Park complex and this historic building is now used for retail, office, and residential purposes. Between University and Spadina Avenue, the street bounds the Grange Park neighbourhood to the south, the intersection at Spadina Avenue represents the northern boundary of the citys principal Chinatown, as well as the western boundary of the university
College Street (Toronto)
–
Northwest corner of Yonge and College Streets
College Street (Toronto)
–
College Street
College Street (Toronto)
–
View of College Street, 1897
College Street (Toronto)
–
Eaton's College Street Store under construction, 1930; until June 1931, Carlton Street ended at Yonge Street
22.
John Simcoe Macaulay
–
Colonel The Hon. John Simcoe Macaulay was a businessman and political figure in Upper Canada. In 1845, before retiring to England, he donated the land on which the Church of the Holy Trinity was built and he was born in England in 1791, the son of James Macaulay and Elizabeth Tuck Hayter. His parents came to Upper Canada in 1792, enjoying the patronage of Lieutenant-Governor Sir John Graves Simcoe, Macaulay grew up in York and attended John Strachans school in Cornwall. In 1805, he went to England to study at the Royal Military Academy in Woolwich and he became a Captain in the Royal Engineers and served with them during the Peninsular War, seeing action at the Battle of Barrosa. He remained with his regiment until 1827, when he was appointed Professor of Fortification at the Royal Military College, when he resigned in 1835, he returned to York, Upper Canada, which had been renamed Toronto the previous year, to manage his inheritance. He made his home at Elmsley House, which had belonged to his father-in-law, macauley became a director of the Bank of Upper Canada. In 1836, he was appointed Surveyor-General for Upper Canada by the new Lieutenant-Governor, the appointment was disputed because the candidate favoured by the Family Compact had been ignored and others did not consider Macaulay a genuine resident of the province. Head advised Macaulay to submit his resignation to the Colonial Secretary, expecting it to be refused, in 1839, he was elected to the Legislative Council of Upper Canada. Two years later, he was elected to the Toronto city council but, again frustrated by the Family Compact, in 1845, disgruntled by political life in Toronto, Macaulay sold his property there for a profit of £21,000. He donated part of the gardens of the home in which he had grown up in to the Anglican Church, Macaulay moved with his family to England. They took up residence at Rede Court, near Rochester, not far from Macaulays first cousin and he died there in 1855, and his wife survived him until 1862. They were the parents of eight surviving children, none of their daughters married, and they all lived together in Torquay. One son lived in England, another in Toronto, another in South Africa, Biography at the Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online
John Simcoe Macaulay
–
Macaulay's home, Elmsley Villa, c.1840; afterwards the Governor's residence
John Simcoe Macaulay
–
Holy Trinity Church, c.1870. Built on land donated by John Simcoe Macaulay in 1845
23.
First Canadian Place
–
First Canadian Place is a skyscraper in Financial District of Toronto, Ontario, at the northwest corner of King and Bay streets, and serves as the global headquarters of the Bank of Montreal. At 298 m, it is Canadas tallest skyscraper and the 15th tallest building in North America to structural top and 9th highest to the top. It is the third tallest free-standing structure in Canada, after the CN Tower, first Canadian Place is named for Canadas first bank, the Bank of Montreal. The site was the last of corners of King and Bay to be redeveloped in the 1960s and 1970s, first Canadian Place was the 6th tallest building in the world to structural top and the tallest building overall outside of Chicago and New York when built in 1975. It was also the tallest building in the Commonwealth of Nations until the completion of the Petronas Towers in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, in 1998. The Bank of Montreal M-bar logo at the top of the building was the highest sign in the world from 1975 until overtaken by the sign atop CITIC Plaza in 1997, the roof is still the location of a number of antennas used for radio and television broadcasting. The structure contains 29 elevators, and is one of only a few buildings in the world uses the double-decked variety. The building was pictured on the front and rear cover of the 1981 album This Is the Ice Age by Canadian New Wave band Martha And The Muffins & also their 7 single Women Around The World At Work. The album featured two photos which were taken from the place but at different times by Muffins guitarist Mark Gane using a time lapse camera. The 7 cover again features the photo but has 9 small images taken at various times of the day & night. The rejuvenation program design architects were Moed de Armas & Shannon Architects, the entire project, completed in 2012, cost was in excess of CA$100 million, paid by the owner. This extensive capital improvement project was intended to provide a new exterior for FCP and eliminate the maintenance costs associated with marble upkeep
First Canadian Place
–
First Canadian Place in 2014
First Canadian Place
–
First Canadian Place under construction in 1975
First Canadian Place
–
FCP in 2008 prior to recladding
First Canadian Place
–
New cladding being installed in 2011
24.
Scotiabank
–
The Bank of Nova Scotia, operating as Scotiabank, is a Canadian multinational bank. It is the third largest bank in Canada by deposits and market capitalization, with assets of $896.487 billion, Scotiabank shares trade on the Toronto and New York Stock Exchanges. The bank was founded in Halifax, Nova Scotia in 1832, Scotiabank has billed itself as Canadas most international bank due to its acquisitions primarily in Latin America and the Caribbean, and also in Europe and India. Through its subsidiary ScotiaMocatta, it is a member of the London Bullion Market Association, the company ranked at number 41 on the SNL Financial Worlds 100 biggest banks listing, September 2013 and is under the leadership of President and CEO Brian J. Porter. The bank was incorporated by the Legislative Assembly of Nova Scotia on March 30,1832, in Halifax, Nova Scotia, Scotiabank was founded in Halifax, Nova Scotia, in 1832 under the name of The Bank of Nova Scotia. The bank intended to facilitate the trade of the time. Later, in 1883, The Bank of Nova Scotia acquired the Union Bank of Prince Edward Island, the bank launched its branch banking system by opening in Windsor, Nova Scotia. The expansion was limited to the Maritimes until 1882, when the bank moved west by opening a branch in Winnipeg, the Manitoba branch later closed but the bank continued to expand into the American Midwest. This included opening a branch in Minneapolis in 1885 which later transferred to Chicago in 1892, in the meantime, the bank opened a branch in Kingston, Jamaica, in 1889 to facilitate the trading of sugar, rum and fish. This was Scotiabanks first move into the Caribbean and historically the first branch of a Canadian bank opened outside of the United States or the United Kingdom, by the end of the 19th century, the bank was represented in all of the Maritimes, Quebec, Ontario and Manitoba. In 1900, the headquarters were moved to Toronto, Ontario. The bank continued to expand in the 20th century, although its growth now took the form of acquisitions rather than branch openings,1906 – The bank opened a branch in Havana, Cuba. By 1931, it had five branches in Havana, and one each in Camagüey, Cienfuegos, Manzanillo. In 1960, the Government of Cuba nationalized all banks in Cuba,1907 – The bank opened a branch in New York City. 1910 – The bank opened a branch in San Juan, Puerto Rico,1913 – The Bank of Nova Scotia merged with the Bank of New Brunswick. 1914 – Toronto-based Metropolitan Bank was acquired, making Scotiabank the fourth largest financial institution in Canada,1919 – The bank opened a branch in Fajardo, Puerto Rico, located in Puerto Ricos northeast. 1919 – Bank of Ottawa was amalgamated,1920 – The bank opened a branch in London, and another in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic. 1961 – The bank became the first Canadian bank to appoint women bank managers on September 11,1961,1962 – The bank expanded into Asia with the opening of a Representative Office in Japan
Scotiabank
–
View of a Scotiabank facade in
Amherst, Nova Scotia. This structure was erected in 1907.
Scotiabank
–
William D. Lawrence (ship) carved into the Bank of Nova Scotia Building (1931), Hollis Street,
Halifax, Nova Scotia.
Scotiabank
–
Scotiabank traded under
ticker BNS on TSX and NYSE.
Scotiabank
–
A Scotiabank branch on Queen Street, Toronto.
25.
Scotia Plaza
–
Scotia Plaza is a commercial office complex in the city of Toronto, Ontario, Canada. At 275 m, Scotia Plaza is Canadas third tallest building and it is connected to the PATH network, and contains 190,000 m2 of office space on 68 floors and 40 retail stores. The complex was developed by Olympia and York as an expansion of the adjacent headquarters of Scotiabank, the tower incorporates the historic Beaux-Arts Bank of Nova Scotia Building at 44 King Street West, by architects Mathers and Haldenby with Beck and Eadie, constructed between 1946 and 1951. WZMH Architects designed the tower which was constructed between 1985 and 1988. Excavation for the tower extended 33.5 m, the deepest for a building in Canadas history, the tower consists of 68 storeys above ground and 6 storeys below ground with a parallelogram floorplan. Red Napoleon Granite, quarried in Sweden, cut and polished in Italy, then imported to Canada, covers much of the exterior, windows are dark tinted glass framed by the granite. The north and south facades follow a step profile giving many floors over 12 desirable corner offices, the east and west façades feature a deeply recessed, stepped-chevron extending between floors 56 and 68. The area within the chevron is covered with the glass in metal frames. Instead of a skeleton to bear structural loads, the tower employs high strength reinforced concrete. The tower has two wings extending east to 104 Yonge Street and north to 11 Adelaide Street West. The Adelaide wing incorporates the historic façade of the Wood Gundy Building, previously located at 40 King Street West, the towers project and construction managers were Goldie-Burgess Ltd. followed by W. Tamm Consulting Limited. Within the basement levels lies Canadas only gold bullion bank vault, List of tallest buildings in Toronto List of tallest buildings in Canada Tour Scotia in Montreal Scotia Place in Edmonton Scotia Plaza
Scotia Plaza
–
Scotia Plaza
Scotia Plaza
–
Scotia Plaza construction
26.
Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce
–
The Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce, commonly referred to as CIBC, is one of the Big Five banks in Canada. The bank is headquartered at Commerce Court in Toronto, Ontario, CIBCs Institution Number is 010, and its SWIFT code is CIBCCATT. The banks two strategic business units, CIBC World Markets and CIBC Retail Markets, also have operations in the United States. Globally, CIBC serves more than eleven million clients, and has over 40,000 employees, the company ranks at number 172 on the Forbes Global 2000 listing. CIBC was named the strongest bank in North America and the 3rd strongest bank in the world, the Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce, as it is known today, came into being in 1961. The bank was formed through the merger of the Canadian Bank of Commerce, at the time, they were two of Canadas largest banks. The Honourable William McMaster founded the Canadian Bank of Commerce which opened on May 15,1867, in Toronto as competition for the Bank of Montreal, the Imperial Bank of Canada opened in Toronto on March 18,1875, founded by former Commerce Vice-president Henry Stark Howland. By the end of 1895, the Canadian Bank of Commerce had grown to 58 branches, the 1896 gold strike in the Yukon prompted the Dominion Government to ask the Canadian Bank of Commerce to open a branch in Dawson City. Wood, Gundy & Company, the precursor of CIBCs investment banking arm, during World War I, it took a prominent and active role in the organization of Victory Loans. The Canadian Bank of Commerce opened its new office in Toronto in 1931. An observation gallery on the 32nd floor attracted visitors who could get a view of the city. In 1936, the Commerce was the first Canadian bank to establish a personal loans department, following World War II, both banks opened new branches. Although the banks had been barred from the business since 1871. So, in 1954, Canadian banks started offering mortgages for new construction, in 1960, Imperial chairman Stuart Mackersy approached Neil McKinnon the President of the Commerce with a proposal to merge the two banks. This followed a decade of expansion in the Canadian economy and Canadas capitalization of the industrialization of its natural resources and they quickly reached a deal between the two banks. On June 1,1961, the Canadian Bank of Commerce, the new bank possessed the greatest resources and the most branches of any bank in the country. Following the merger, the new bank commissioned a new head office, while planning to retain Commerce Court North, the bank hired architect I. M. Pei to design a three-building complex. The result was Commerce Court consisting of a landscaped courtyard complementing the existing building, when completed in 1973, the 57-storey building was the tallest in Canada, and the largest stainless-steel-clad building in the world
Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce
–
Commerce Building (c. 1930), now known as
Commerce Court North in Toronto
Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce
–
Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce
Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce
–
CIBC
FirstCaribbean International Bank (2011), in
Bridgetown,
St. Michael,
Barbados
Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce
–
CIBC on
Sparks Street in
Downtown Ottawa
27.
Commerce Court
–
Commerce Court is a complex of four office buildings on King and Bay Streets in the financial district of Toronto, Ontario, Canada, The primary tenant is the Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce. The buildings are a mix of Art Deco, International, the first building, now known as Commerce Court North, was opened in 1931 as the headquarters of the Canadian Bank of Commerce, a precursor bank to the current main tenant. The building was the site of Torontos first Wesleyan Methodist Church, from 1887 to 1927 it was home to a seven storey head office of the Canadian Bank of Commerce, which was demolished to make way for Commerce Court North. The Canadian Bank of Commerce head office was designed by the Canadian firm Pearson and Darling with the American bank specialists York, structural engineering was provided by Harkness and Hertzberg. The 34-storey limestone clad tower was the tallest building in the British Empire/Commonwealth for roughly three decades, until 1962, at the time of its construction, the building was one of the most opulent corporate headquarters in Canada, and featured a public observation deck. Commerce Court East and Commerce Court South are glass and applied masonry structures also by Pei Cobb Freed & Partners with Page and Steele in 1972. In 1994, Zeidler Partnership Architects was commissioned to renovate the Commerce Court urban plaza, the area at the base of Commerce Court West. There are 65 retails shops in the plaza below the complex, the Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce sold the complex in April,2000, now managed by GWL Realty Advisors, but the head office of the bank remains the anchor tenant. On Wednesday, January 9,2008, a portion of a CIBC sign at the top of the Commerce Court West building blew off as a result of wind gusts, police cordoned off the area as a precaution. As a result, Bay St. from Front to Richmond, Toronto Transit Commission service was diverted. This took place eight months after a piece of white marble panel fell from the 60th storey of the First Canadian Place building, the sculptures were installed on site in 2005 on loan from the L. L. Odette Foundation of Windsor, Ontario. In popular culture, the plaza was used as a stand-in for Wall Street in a pair of Kids In The Hall sketches featuring Mr. Tyzik, the Headcrusher
Commerce Court
–
Commerce Court West
Commerce Court
–
Commerce Court North circa 1930
Commerce Court
–
The
British airship R100 flying over the Commerce Court North Building during its sole trans-Atlantic voyage in August 1930.
28.
Toronto-Dominion Bank
–
The Toronto-Dominion Bank is a Canadian multinational banking and financial services corporation headquartered in Toronto. Commonly known as TD and operating as TD Bank Group, the bank was created in 1955 through the merger of the Bank of Toronto and The Dominion Bank, TD Bank Group is the second largest bank in Canada by market capitalization and a top-10 bank in North America. Globally, it ranks as the 19th largest bank in the world, the bank and its subsidiaries have over 85,000 employees and over 22 million clients worldwide. In Canada, the bank operates as TD Canada Trust and serves more than 11 million customers at over 1,150 branches, in the United States, the company operates as TD Bank. The company is ranked at number 66 on the Forbes Global 20002015 listing, in October 2008, the company was named in the listings of Canadas Top 100 Employers in Macleans and Greater Torontos Top Employers by the Toronto Star. Furthermore, in February 2011, it was named one of Canadas top 10 employers by the Financial Post, the banks headquarters is at the Toronto-Dominion Centre at King Street and Bay Street in Toronto. The black skyscrapers were designed by the firm of Ludwig Mies van der Rohe and were the first of their kind in the city, opened in 1967, the TD Centre was the inspiration of Al Lambert, the former president and chairman of the board of the bank. The subsidiaries of TD Bank Group include, TD Asset Management – institutional investment management TD Auto Finance – new and used vehicle financing TD Bank, wealth Management comprises a number of advisory, distribution and asset management businesses, including TD Mutual Funds. TD Securities is the investment banking arm of TD Bank Group and it is an underwriter of debt and equity securities and strategic advisor to corporations, governments, and institutions worldwide. A key business segment is the trading of fixed income and equity products and it has offices in 18 cities worldwide with over 3,000 employees. TD Securities is an investment dealer in North America, has a strong presence in Europe. G4S Cash Solutions secured the contract to transport cash and provide first line maintenance for the automated teller machines – both cash dispensing and deposit pick up units. Multinational firm, iGate Corp provides support services for TD Bank, as well as Pratt, as of 2011 Symcor produces close to 675 million statements and more than two billion pages of customer statements, and processes three billion cheques annually. Affiliated Computer Services, a subsidiary of Xerox, acquired Symcor’s U. S. operations in October 2014. The origins of the Toronto-Dominion Bank lie in the efforts of a group of businessmen in the Province of Canada West and they were determined to create a financial institution to meet their specific needs in banking, insurance and commodities exchange. However, on March 18,1855, their application for a charter for the Bank of Toronto, with an authorized capital of £500,000, was granted. In July 1856, the Bank of Toronto opened its offices at 78 Church Street, Toronto, in 1860, it opened its first branch outside of Ontario, in Montreal. The Bank of Toronto established itself as an efficient, profitable and it maintained a very high reserve against its capital and enjoyed the highest share price of any bank in Canada
Toronto-Dominion Bank
–
The
Toronto-Dominion Centre
Toronto-Dominion Bank
–
Toronto-Dominion Bank
Toronto-Dominion Bank
–
TD Canada Trust Tower in
Downtown Toronto that houses the corporate offices of TDBFG
Toronto-Dominion Bank
–
TD Tower in
Vancouver
29.
Toronto-Dominion Centre
–
The Toronto-Dominion Centre, or TD Centre, is a cluster of buildings in downtown Toronto, Ontario, owned by Cadillac Fairview. It has six towers and a pavilion covered in bronze-tinted glass and it serves as the global headquarters of the Toronto-Dominion Bank, and provides office and retail space for many other businesses. About 21,000 people work in the complex, making it the largest in Canada, the project was the inspiration of Allen Lambert, former President and Chairman of the Board of the Toronto-Dominion Bank. Phyllis Lambert recommended Ludwig Mies van der Rohe as design consultant to the architects, Parkin and Associates and Bregman + Hamann, and the Fairview Corporation as the developer. The towers were completed between 1967 and 1991, an additional building was built outside the campus and purchased in 1998. The light as it moves across the surfaces, playing the mullions like stringed instruments. The height of each of Miess two towers is proportioned to its width and depth, though they, as well as based on his style, are of different heights. On the topmost accessible floor of the Toronto-Dominion Bank Tower was an indoor observation platform. As the tower was, when completed, the tallest in the city and this floor has since been converted to leased office space. On the level below is a restaurant on the south side, the Ernst & Young Tower contains in its base the former Toronto Stock Exchange building, built in 1937. The new edifice deviates from the strict Miesian aesthetic of all the towers to accommodate the Art Deco facade of the older building within its own. The banking pavilion is a structure housing the main branch of the bank. The TD Centre pavilion was described by The Globe and Mail as among the best spaces Mies ever made, the banking pavilions living roof, was installed as part of Cadillac Fairviews goal of having the entire complex LEED-certified by 2013. It is intended to protect the building from solar-heat gain. Even signage graphics were restricted to only white backlit letters within a black aluminium panel, gordon Bunshaft, then chief designer of Skidmore, Owings and Merrill, was hired by the consortium. Phyllis Lambert objected to this submission, seeing it as too radical, even in a milder climate, it would have been problematic. Bunshaft, due to his refusal to redesign, was relieved of his commission and this left John Parkin, the local architect who would have worked with the American Bunshaft, to design Toronto-Dominion Centre. His firm put forward a model showing a 100-storey, all-concrete tower—to be the largest in the Commonwealth—standing over a plaza with a courtyard containing a circular banking pavilion
Toronto-Dominion Centre
–
Three of the Toronto-Dominion Centre's towers: (left to right) the Ernst & Young Tower, TD Bank Tower, and TD North Tower
Toronto-Dominion Centre
–
Toronto-Dominion Centre
Toronto-Dominion Centre
–
Toronto-Dominion Centre as seen from King and Bay Streets, with the banking pavilion in the centre foreground
Toronto-Dominion Centre
–
A view of the underground concourse, with the black aluminum signs mandated by Mies.
30.
Royal Bank of Canada
–
The Royal Bank of Canada is a Canadian multinational financial services company and the largest bank in Canada. The bank serves over 16 million clients and has 80,000 employees worldwide, the company corporate headquarters are located in Toronto, Ontario. The bank was founded in 1864 in Halifax, Nova Scotia, RBC Bank was the U. S. banking subsidiary with 439 branches across six states in the Southeast, which served more than a million customers. RBC also has 127 branches across seventeen countries in the Caribbean, RBC Capital Markets is RBCs worldwide investment and corporate banking subsidiary, while the investment brokerage firm is known as RBC Dominion Securities. Investment banking services are provided through RBC Bank and the focus is on middle market clients. In 2011, RBC was the largest Canadian company by revenue, and was ranked at #50 in the 2013 Forbes Global 2000 listing. The company has operations in Canada, and 40 other countries and had US$673.2 billion of assets under management in 2014, by 1869 the Merchants Bank was officially incorporated and received its federal charter in the same year. During the 1870s and 1880s the bank expanded into the other Maritime Provinces, when both the Newfoundland Commercial Bank and Union Bank of Newfoundland collapsed on 10 December 1894, the Merchants Bank expanded to Newfoundland in 31 January 1895. As the bank grew executives changed its name to reflect its growth, in 1901, the Merchants Bank of Halifax changed its name to the Royal Bank of Canada. The centre of the Canadian financial industry had moved from Halifax to Montreal, in 1910, RBC merged with the Union Bank of Halifax. In the same year it built a branch in Winnipeg, Manitoba—designed by Carrère and Hastings. To improve its position in Ontario, RBC merged with Traders Bank of Canada in 1912 and in 1917 RBC merged with Quebec Bank, Union Bank of Canada had moved its headquarters to Winnipeg in 1912, and had built a strong presence in the Prairies. In 1935, RBC merged with Crown Saving, s and Loan Co. merged with Industrial Mortgage & Trust Co, RBC installed its first computer in 1961, the first in Canadian banking. In the 1960s, RBC Insurance was created, in 1968, it merged with Ontario Loan and Debenture Company. In 1993, RBC merged with Royal Trust, in 1998, RBC acquired Security First Network Bank in Atlanta—the first pure Internet bank. In 2000, RBC merged merchant credit/debit card acquiring business with BMO Bank of Montreals to form Moneris Solutions, in 2013, RBC completed the acquisition of the Canadian subsidiary of Ally Financial. RBC Insurance is the largest Canadian bank-owned insurance organization, with services to five million people. It provides life, health, travel, home and auto and reinsurance products as well as creditor,1882 - Merchants Bank of Halifax opened an office in Bermuda
Royal Bank of Canada
–
Place Ville Marie the RBC headquarters in
Montreal,
Quebec
Royal Bank of Canada
–
Royal Bank of Canada
Royal Bank of Canada
–
The
Royal Bank Plaza building in
Toronto,
Ontario
Royal Bank of Canada
–
The
Royal Centre tower in downtown
Vancouver 's Financial District
31.
Royal Bank Plaza
–
Royal Bank Plaza in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, is the de facto headquarters of the Royal Bank of Canada. The building shares with the Fairmont Royal York Hotel the block in Torontos financial district bordered by Bay, Front, York and it is owned by the real estate firm Oxford Properties, which also maintains its headquarters there. The South Tower, a skyscraper, is the taller of the two at 180 m, the North Tower has a height of 112 m, the structures each have a triangular footprint and sit on opposing corners of the square site. The exteriors of the structures are covered with gold-bronze glass with tan granite accents. Together, both contain more than 14,000 windows which project from the facade to form angular bays set into brushed aluminum frames. Six bays are grouped between piers which are covered in the same glass, the upper stories are recessed and contain three larger angled-bays between the piers. The double-height entry is recessed from the facade and covered in dark-tinted glass set into dark aluminum frames. The glass for the body of the building was manufactured by Canadian Pittsburgh Industries and was coloured using 2,500 oz of gold, the concourse merchants mall and tower lobbies underwent extensive renovations between 2005 and 2007. The building was constructed with a large atrium above the main banking hall that linked the two towers, but in the 1990s a trading floor was added, closing the open space, Oxford Properties Royal Bank of Canada Norton Rose Fulbright Vale S. A
Royal Bank Plaza
–
Royal Bank Plaza
32.
Imperial Bank of Canada
–
The Imperial Bank of Canada was a bank based in Toronto, Ontario, Canada in the late 19th Century and early 20th Century. Founded in 1873 as the Imperial Bank in Toronto by Henry Stark Howland, the bank became the Imperial Bank of Canada in 1874. In 1875, the president of the Imperial Bank of Canada was H. S, Howland, founder of the original Imperial Bank. The bank had a capital of $1,000,000, the Imperial Bank of Canada branches expanded beyond Toronto and were found in St. Catharines, Ingersoll, Welland and Port Colborne. In 1875, it amalgamated with the Niagara District Bank, which had been chartered on May 19,1855 in Montreal, although George Albertus Cox became the banks president in 1890, Howland remained at the bank until his death in 1902. Daniel Robert Wilkie succeeded Cox as president of the Imperial Bank of Canada, Imperial Bank of Canada acquired Weyburn Security Bank in 1931 and Barclays Bank in 1956. It merged with the Canadian Bank of Commerce in 1961 to form the Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce
Imperial Bank of Canada
–
Imperial Bank in
Gowganda, Ontario, 1910
Imperial Bank of Canada
–
Imperial Bank of Canada Building in Toronto, c. 1945
33.
Bay Adelaide Centre
–
The Bay Adelaide Centre is an office complex in the Financial District of Toronto, Ontario, Canada. The first phase, a 51-storey skyscraper known as Bay Adelaide West, was completed in July 2009, the second phase, the 44-storey Bay Adelaide East, was completed in October 2016. A third tower, Bay Adelaide North, is planned, upon completion, the Bay Adelaide Centre will consist of three towers. The first tower, Bay Adelaide West, was completed in 2009 with an area of 108,000 square metres. It is located on the northeast corner of Bay Street and Adelaide Street West, the lobby of the building contains an integrated light art piece by James Turrell. The second tower, Bay Adelaide East, is under construction, and will have an area of 91,045 square metres. Located mid-block between Adelaide Street West and Temperance Street, the tower will have a 6-storey podium extending to the northwest corner of Yonge Street and Adelaide Street West. The future Bay Adelaide North is anticipated to have an area of approximately 46,450 square metres. Unlike the two towers in the complex, the north tower will be located on the north side of Temperance Street. The Bay Adelaide North site is occupied by a one-storey elevator lobby which provides access to the underground concourse. The towers of the Bay Adelaide Centre are connected by a concourse, which extends under Temperance Street. The underground concourse has PATH connections to Scotia Plaza to the south, there is also a four-level underground garage under the complex, with vehicular access from both Adelaide Street West and Richmond Street West. There is a 0. 2-hectare public space, Arnell Plaza, although Arnell Plaza is privately owned, public access has been legally secured by the City of Toronto. The first tower development on the site was a joint project by Markborough Properties and TrizecHahn, the building caused considerable controversy among those opposed to the erection of such massive structures. The tower would have far higher than was allowed by the citys official plan. To gain city halls approval, the developers committed some $80 million towards new social housing, a portion of the site was turned over to the city for use as a park that is now Cloud Gardens. Both of these deals went ahead, despite the tower never having been completed, construction began in 1990, but the developers soon ran into problems. The economy went into recession and office vacancy rates in Toronto rose to 20%, construction was halted, and in 1993, with over $500 million already invested, the project was permanently put on hold
Bay Adelaide Centre
–
Bay Adelaide West in June 2009
Bay Adelaide Centre
–
Bay Adelaide West in Toronto's Financial District in 2009, prior to the construction of Bay Adelaide East
Bay Adelaide Centre
–
Bay Adelaide West in 2009, with the facades of the 1926 National Building visible towards the base of the tower
Bay Adelaide Centre
–
The six-storey "stump" in 2005, which stood as a symbol of the 1990s recession until its demolition in 2006.
34.
Condominium
–
A condominium, usually shortened to condo, is a type of real estate divided into several units that are each separately owned, surrounded by common areas jointly owned. Unlike apartments, which are leased by their tenants, condominium units are owned outright, the common areas, amenities and utilities are managed collectively by the owners through their association, such as a homeowner association. Scholars have traced the earliest known use of the form of tenure to a document from first century Babylon. The word condominium originated in Latin, the term condominium is used throughout the United States and in most Canadian provinces, where such a property is also colloquially known as a condo. Italy uses condominio, which is simply the modern Italian form of condominium, both condo and condominium are used colloquially in the Canadian Province of Quebec, where the official term is copropriété divise or co-property devise. In France, however, the term is simply copropriété, co-property, spanish-speaking nations and regions often use the term propiedad horizontal, literally meaning horizontal property but abstractly meaning that all owners of the property have equal interest. The word condominio is also used, Condominium is a Latin word formed by adding the prefix con- to the word dominium. Its meaning is therefore shared property, condominia originally referred to territories over which two or more sovereign powers shared joint dominion. This technique was used to settle border disputes when multiple claimants could not agree on how to partition the disputed territory. For example, from 1818 to 1846, Oregon was a condominium over which both the United States and Great Britain shared joint sovereignty, mainly in the context of the United States The difference between an apartment complex and condominium is purely legal. There is no way to differentiate a condominium from an apartment simply by looking at or visiting the building, what defines a condominium is the form of ownership. A building developed as a condominium could actually be built at another location as an apartment building, as a practical matter, builders tend to build condominiums to higher quality standards than apartment complexes because of the differences between the rental and sale markets. Technically, a condominium is a collection of home units. Individual home ownership within a condominium is construed as ownership of only the air space confining the boundaries of the home, the boundaries of that space are specified by a legal document known as a Declaration, filed on record with the local governing authority. Typically, these boundaries will include the surrounding a condo. Anything outside this boundary is held in an ownership interest by a corporation established at the time of the condominiums creation. The corporation holds this property in trust on behalf of the homeowners as a group—it may not have ownership itself, Condominiums have conditions, covenants, and restrictions, and often additional rules that govern how the individual unit owners are to share the space. It is also possible for a condominium to consist of single-family dwellings and these structures are preferred by some planned neighborhoods and gated communities
Condominium
–
The Cosmopolitan, a condominium in
Singapore
Condominium
–
Absolute World, colloquially known as
Marilyn Monroe Condos, located in
Mississauga, Ontario
Condominium
–
A condominium complex in Singapore next to the
Kallang River
Condominium
–
The interior of a
loft condominium in
Chicago 's west side, USA
35.
Discovery District
–
The Discovery District is one of the commercial districts in Downtown Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It has a concentration of hospitals and research institutions, particularly those related to biotechnology. The district is bounded by Bloor Street on the north, Bay Street on the east, Dundas Street on the south. These buildings are concentrated along the section of University Avenue between Dundas and College Streets and this area was subdivided from three main park lot estates, Macaulay Estate, Elmsley Estate and the Powell Estate This area is referred to by Statistics Canada as census tract 5350035.00. According to the 2011 National Household Survey, 80% of the population surveyed reported an income of over $50000 annually and this is almost 30% higher than the average provincial income. For the total 2011 population within the discovery district 395 people made between $30000 ad $39000 annually,410 made between $40000 and $49000, and 2250 made over $50000. The accuracy of these figures is due to the National Household Survey being optional. But considering the location in the heart of downtown Toronto and the expansion of condominium build ups. As each park lot extended in a rectangle from Lot Street to what would become Bloor, four park lots comprised the area north of Queen just across from the heart of Toronto between Yonge Street and just west of College Avenue. Three of the families occupying these lots built large estate homes all fairly far north of Lot St and this lot became the University Park. Elmsley Villa this family famously converted to Catholicism and founded St. Michaels College on their former park lot, teraulay Cottage later subdivided the estate with a square in the centre onto which fronted Terauley Cottage and Little Trinity Anglican Church built on land donated by the family. This first Toronto residential neighbourhood north of Lot was originally called Macauleytown later the Ward, the situation of these lots just north of the town meant that this land was in high demand as the city outgrew its original boundaries south of Lot. Two plans in particular substantially changed this area although both ultimately collapsed with the Great Depression. The second plan called for a new Federal Avenue in the middle of the old towns grid starting from the new Union Station north to a proposed Government complex on the side of Queen. Many buildings in The Ward were purchased by the government before the plan fell through, homepage of Torontos Discovery District Discovery District, Toronto
Discovery District
–
Discovery District comprising the vicinity of the
University of Toronto and its research hospitals, visible from the
CN Tower
Discovery District
–
Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, one of a number of hospitals in the area
Discovery District
–
1911 Plan for a Federal Avenue
36.
Mink Mile
–
Mink Mile is an upscale shopping district in the neighbourhood of Yorkville in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, along Bloor Street between Yonge Street and Avenue Road. Mink Mile commands an average rent of $310 per square foot, making it the most expensive place in Canada to lease retail space and the third most expensive retail space in North America. This stretch of Bloor was named in 2008 the seventh most expensive shopping street in the world by Fortune Magazine, in recent years, mid-market retailers have begun to locate along the Mink Mile. Demand remained high on the Mink Mile, according to real estate firm, Cushman, in 2005, retail space rents were $110 per square foot. This has led to higher rents on nearby Cumberland St. expensive Indian fashion boutique INDIVA, which moved to a smaller boutique on Yorkville Ave. claims that the monthly rent at their previous location was $85,000. Many independent retailers struggle to meet demands, and many in past years have closed or relocated to other streets. However, it is estimated that some retailers pull in more than $2000 per square foot in sales, the project was completed in 2013. Coach, Victorinox Swiss Army, Michael Kors and a 50,000 square foot Harry Rosen flagship, Holt Renfrew also has its flagship department store on Bloor Street. Shoppers can also find many more ubiquitous stores here such as J. Crew, Banana Republic, The Gap, American Apparel, Le Château, BCBG Max Azria, Guess. Roots Canada, Sephora, Pottery Barn, H&M, The Body Shop, Aritzia, Club Monaco, Cumberland Terrace Manulife Centre Hudsons Bay Centre Holt Renfrew Centre Robson Street
Mink Mile
–
The preserved façade of the former
University Theatre.
Mink Mile
–
Holt Renfrew 's flagship store on Bloor Street
37.
Toronto Coach Terminal
–
The Toronto Coach Terminal is the central bus station for inter-city services in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It is located at 610 Bay Street, in the citys Downtown, the terminal is owned by Toronto Coach Terminal Inc. a wholly owned subsidiary of the Toronto Transit Commission. The TTC managed the station directly until July 8,2012, opened in 1931 as the Gray Coach Terminal, the Art Deco style terminal was home base for Gray Coach, an interurban bus service then owned by the TTC. It replaced an open air terminal, Gray Line Terminal. The Toronto Coach Terminal is located one block west of Dundas subway station and it is also about the same distance from St. Patrick subway station. The bus platforms are located on Edward Street, on the west side of the terminal building, a small side entrance on the west side off Elizabeth Street, is connected to the main concourse area on Bay Street by a corridor behind the bus platforms. The terminal is a historic building. In 1984, the containing the bus bays was renovated by demolishing the internal walls. An annex, located to the west of the terminal building on Elizabeth Street. A renovation of the terminal building occurred in 1990 to create more seating for waiting passengers. Nearby landmarks include the Toronto Eaton Centre, the Atrium on Bay, the Hospital for Sick Children, and it is also within walking distance of Chinatown. The terminal is now used by Coach Canada and Greyhound Canada, from the Toronto Coach Terminal, Coach Canada operates casino shuttles from Toronto to Fallsview Casino in Niagara Falls. Under the Megabus Canada brand, Coach Canada operates double-decker buses to Montreal via Kingston with stops in Kirkland, QC, Cornwall, Brockville, Coach Canada also operates buses to Niagara Falls, with select buses going to Buffalo and Buffalo International Airport. C. Please see the Toronto Hub section on this page for information on their schedules. Greyhound Canada operates buses from the Toronto Coach Terminal to Ottawa, Belleville, Peterborough, Pembroke, London, Windsor, Greyhound Canada also operates a small network of commuter services branded as Quicklink. Buses run from the Toronto Coach Terminal to Barrie, Cambridge, Guelph, Kitchener, Niagara Falls, St. Catharines, Peterborough, however, in September 2014 Metrolinx announced plans to relocate the Union Station Bus Terminal to a new terminal building and development at 45 Bay Street. The relocation of intercity bus service from the Coach Terminal to the new station is under negotiation, media related to Toronto Coach Terminal at Wikimedia Commons
Toronto Coach Terminal
–
Toronto Coach Terminal
Toronto Coach Terminal
–
The bus platforms at the rear of the main terminal, as seen from above. Departure platforms are housed in the structure in the middle, while the structure in the distant right houses the arrival platforms.
38.
College Park (Toronto)
–
College Park is a shopping mall, residential and office complex on the southwest corner of Yonge Street and College Street in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Eatons began secretly assembling land at Yonge and College Streets in 1910 for a new store, the First World War put the plans on hold, but Eatons retained the land. During the 1920s, plans were made to shift all Eatons operations from their location at Yonge Street. The effort was unsuccessful, and Simpsons chose instead to expand its Queen Street store, just as the war had intervened a decade earlier, however, the Great Depression curtailed the grandiose plans for the site. The first phase of the project, a department store of 600,000 square feet, was the part of the complex that was ever built. Nevertheless, foundation pillars,10 feet in diameter, were driven 30 feet down into bedrock during the construction of the first phase to accommodate the tower. On October 30,1930, the new store was opened by Lady Eaton, the matriarch of the Eaton family, and her son John David Eaton, Tyndall limestone was used for the imposing exterior. Accentuating the Tyndall limestone was granite and a corrosion-resistant alloy of nickel, the monel metal was used copiously on the building as trim and in panels along the window and door frames. In addition to this metal trim, cast stone and carvings acted as detailed decorative elements on the façade, marble was imported from Europe for the interior columns and colonnade. Lady Eaton arranged for two rooms to be removed from two manor houses in England and reassembled in the furniture department of the College Street store. The French architect Jacques Carlu, was retained to design the interior of the Eatons Seventh Floor, including the 1300-seat Eaton Auditorium, itself an Art Moderne masterpiece, the Eatons Seventh Floor was at the heart of Torontos cultural life for many years. The Auditorium played host to the performers of its day, including Billie Holiday, Duke Ellington, Frank Sinatra. Canadas own Glenn Gould, fond of the Auditoriums excellent acoustics, classified specifically as a stripped classical art deco style, Eatons College Street emphasized symmetry in the plan and rhythm in the arrangement of the fenestration, doors, and pilasters. A distinct repetitive pattern can be distinguished with the windows and pilasters as well as with the arrangement of large entrances, there are three small windows on the upper levels between each pilaster, and three large shop windows between each entrance. The original Eatons College Street was designed with large windows on the floor level to attract window shoppers. The floor level also highlights another classical art deco characteristic of having a large distinctive base, aside from the oversized windows, on Eatons College Street, the base was made even more prominent through the use of the granite and stone carvings framing it. On higher levels however, the fenestration became long vertical strips separated by pilasters which highlighted the verticality of the structure as opposed to its mass. The pilasters of the levels have fluting and capitals of ionic composition
College Park (Toronto)
–
College Park in Toronto
College Park (Toronto)
–
John David Eaton and his mother Lady Flora McCrae Eaton at the opening of College Park.
College Park (Toronto)
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Eatons College Street Heritage Plaque
College Park (Toronto)
–
College Park
39.
Murano, Toronto
–
Construction of the North tower was completed in the winter of 2008/9. The South tower was completed in 2010, the North and South towers are joined by a two-storey podium with planned retail and recreational facilities, including a roof-top garden and glass public art feature. Murano was designed by Peter Clewes of architectsAlliance, Murano is dubbed as a fusion of art, architecture, muranos minimalist glass exterior and all-glass public art installation add vibrancy and light to the Bay Street Corridor. Murano is one of Clewes many glass point tower contributions to rise in Toronto in recent years, including SP. RE, since late 2010, panes of balcony glass have shattered and fallen to the street below. A recent occurrence on one of Torontos hottest days on record resulted in the closure of Grosvenor Street, the North tower lobby entrance was condemned by the City of Toronto pending the resolution of this problem. More glass fell on August 1 at 3 am and at midday, police closed the northbound lane of Bay between Grosvenor and Grenville Streets, expecting the closure to be for a week. For the first time, glass fell from the South Tower on August 15 at 11,30 AM, injuring a woman by slicing her wrist, “We don’t know why it’s happening, and continues to happen, ” said Jim Laughlin, the city’s deputy chief building inspector
Murano, Toronto
–
Murano
40.
Ontario Government Buildings
–
The Ontario Government Buildings are a set of office buildings in Toronto, Canada home to most of the various ministries of Ontarios provincial government. They are located just east of Queens Park on Bay Street and it consists of four buildings, The Ferguson Block, A 14-storey building that was completed in 1969, designed in the International Style by Shore Tilbe Henschel Irwin Architects and Engineers. The building is named for former Premier George H. Ferguson, the Hearst Block is home to Ontarios provincial Ministry of Energy, Ministry of Tourism, Culture and Sport, and Ministry of Economic Development, Employment and Infrastructure. The building is named for former Premier William Howard Hearst, the Hepburn Block is home to various ministries, including the Ministry of Community and Social Services and the Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care. The 14-storey building is named for former Ontario Premier Mitchell Hepburn, the Mowat Block is 24 storeys high and is named after the third Premier of Ontario, Sir Oliver Mowat. The Macdonald Block is named for the first Premier of Ontario and it was completed in 1968, and is located at 900 Bay Street. This block connects the four towers along the first two storeys of each and has a bridge to the Whitney Block from its second storey, other government buildings nearby include, Whitney Block Ontario Power Building Frost Building Ferguson Block Macdonald Block
Ontario Government Buildings
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Two of the buildings of the complex: Mowat (left) and Hearst (right) Blocks
Ontario Government Buildings
–
The Whitney Block (left) and the (clockwise from top left) Ferguson, Hearst, Mowat, and Hepburn Blocks, with the 2 storey Macdonald block connecting the four together.
41.
Manulife Centre
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The Manulife Centre is located on the southeast corner of Bay and Bloor streets, along the Mink Mile and adjacent to the southern edge of the Yorkville district of Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It consists of a 51-storey 800-suite luxury residential tower at 44 Charles Street, designed by the Toronto architectural firm of Clifford and Lawrie Architects, construction began in 1972 and was completed in 1974. It was developed and built for Manulife Financial, the current owners, early retail tenants at the Manulife Centre included Brettons department store, Creeds, Harridges, and other luxury tenants. Over time, these three large retailers went bankrupt and closed, today the retail portion of Manulife Centre serves the local population, and includes Birks, Indigo Books, and William Ashley fine china. Bay Bloor Radio, which was founded in 1946, moved into the Manulife Centre when it opened, an underground tunnel connects the basement level of the shopping concourse to Holt Renfrew at 50 Bloor St West on the north side of Bloor. Underground tunnels from the Manulife Centre provide access to Torontos busiest subway station Bloor, the One Eighty which is on the top of the Manulife Centre. List of tallest buildings in Toronto List of tallest buildings in Canada Manulife Centre - SHOPPING Manulife Place - LIVING
Manulife Centre
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Manulife Centre
42.
Nathan Phillips Square
–
Nathan Phillips Square is an urban plaza in Toronto, Canada. It forms the forecourt to Toronto City Hall, or New City Hall, at the intersection of Queen Street West and Bay Street, the square was designed by the City Halls architect Viljo Revell and landscape architect Richard Strong. The square is the site of concerts, art displays, a farmers market, the winter festival of lights. During the winter months, the pool is converted into an ice rink for ice skating. The square attracts an estimated 1.5 million visitors yearly, with an area of 4.85 hectares, it is Canadas largest city square. The square is rectangular in shape, with the edge of the city meeting the square on an angle on the north side. The main portion of the square is paved with two sizes of reinforced concrete slabs, the square has a reflecting pool, a peace garden, a permanent stage and several sculptures, including Three-Way Piece No.2 by Henry Moore. Around the remaining perimeter of the square runs an elevated concrete walkway, outside the walkway are treed lawns dotted with various other memorials and monuments, such as Oscar Nemons statue of Sir Winston Churchill, and a Roman column. Beneath the square is one of the worlds largest underground parking garages, in 2012, illuminated disappearing fountains were installed among the slabs, used for decoration and cooling. The Square is property of the City of Toronto, smoking is prohibited in the entire square. The reflecting pool is situated in the south-east corner of the square, at the same time, a piece of the Berlin Wall was placed at the southern base of the central arch. To the west of the pool is a pavilion where food is available. The Peace Garden was created as a memorial to the bombing of Hiroshima. The sundial at the end of the garden pre-dates the peace memorial, inscribed with the words In appreciation of the opportunity to serve, it was originally installed in 1969. Johnson, and presented by Nathan Phillips to the residents of Toronto, the 600 m2 garden consists of a pavilion, a fountain, and surrounding plantings. The fountains pool encroaches into this corner, with an eternal flame placed in the water so as to appear as though it supports the pavilion structure, to symbolise hope. Pope John Paul II lit this flame with an ember from the Peace Flame in Hiroshima, the entire monument was formally dedicated by Elizabeth II, Queen of Canada, in October 1984. As part of the redesign of the square, the Peace Garden was moved from the centre of the square to its western edge
Nathan Phillips Square
–
View of square from south-west
Nathan Phillips Square
–
The square seen from above.
Nathan Phillips Square
Nathan Phillips Square
43.
Yorkville, Toronto
–
Yorkville is an affluent neighbourhood in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Established as a village in 1830, it was annexed into Toronto in 1883. Yorkville is diverse, comprising residential areas, office space, within the Yorkville district is one of Canadas most exclusive shopping districts, anchored by the Mink Mile along Bloor Street. In 2006, Mink Mile was the 22nd most expensive street in the world, Yorkville had rents of $300 per square foot in 2008, making it the third most expensive retail space in North America. In 2008, the Mink Mile was named the seventh most expensive shopping street in the world by Fortune Magazine, along Bloor Street is located the Mink Mile shopping district. The street is lined on both sides of the street with buildings with retail stores in the bottom one or two floors. The main streets of Avenue Road and Bay Street north of Bloor are similarly developed, North of Bloor, on Yorkville and Cumberland streets, between the main arteries, the character changes to smaller buildings containing art galleries, first-floor retail and restaurants. Further north still are single-family detached and semi-detached homes dating to the 19th century, Yorkville has upscale shopping, restaurants, and the first five star hotel in Canada. Upscale boutiques include Burberry, Prada, Gucci, MAC Cosmetics, Hugo Boss, Chanel, Hermès, Louis Vuitton, Holt Renfrew, the Holt Renfrew store on Bloor is the luxury retailers flagship and largest store with four floors and boutiques. There are many offices and professional services, MTV Canada headquarters are located in Yorkville as well. Thomas, Windsor Arms Hotel, The Hazelton Hotel & Residences, Yorkville has its own local public library on Yorkville Avenue. Based on data collected from both the census in 2006 and 2011, it is apparent that Yorkville is mostly populated with people earning $60,000 and above. With the make of this neighbourhood being targeted towards middle-class to upper-class residents and being more upscale, it is comprehensible for the inhabitants to be earning $60,000 and above. Founded in 1830 by entrepreneur Joseph Bloore and William Botsford Jarvis of Rosedale, Toronto, Bloore operated a brewery north-east of todays Bloor and Church Street intersection. Jarvis was Sheriff of the Home District, the two purchased land in the Yorkville district, subdividing it into smaller lots on new side streets to those interested in living in the cleaner air outside of York. The political centre of Yorkville was the Red Lion Hotel, an inn that was used as the polling place for elections. It is here that William Lyon Mackenzie was voted back into the Legislature for 1832, the village grew enough to be connected by an omnibus service in 1849 to Toronto. By 1853, the population of the village had reached 1,000, the figure needed to incorporate as a village, by the 1880s, the cost of delivering services to the large population of Yorkville was beyond the Villages ability
Yorkville, Toronto
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Coat of arms
Yorkville, Toronto
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Old row housing (Roden Place) in Yorkville, 1938
Yorkville, Toronto
–
Bloor Street
Yorkville, Toronto
44.
Bloor Street
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Bloor Street is a major east–west residential and commercial thoroughfare in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Bloor Street runs from the Prince Edward Viaduct, which spans the Don River Valley, east of the viaduct, Danforth Avenue continues along the same right-of-way. The street, approximately 25 kilometres long, contains a significant cross-sample of Torontos ethnic communities and it is also home to Torontos famous shopping street, the Mink Mile. The street is named after Joseph Bloore, a brewer and land speculator of this area in the 19th century who founded the Village of Yorkville in 1830 and he is buried at Necropolis Cemetery on Bayview Avenue and Rosedale Valley Road. A portion of Line 2 of the Bloor-Danforth subway line runs along Bloor from Kipling Avenue to Yonge Street, and then continues east along Danforth Avenue. Originally surveyed as the first concession road north of the baseline, it was known by names, including the Tollgate Road, then St. Pauls Road. Although Bloore had an e at the end of his surname, Bloor Street was never spelled with it, the idea of installing bicycle lanes on Bloor had been debated since at least the early 1970s. On 4 May 2016, city council voted 38-3 to implement physically separated bike lanes along a 2. 6-km stretch of the street. Mayor John Tory stated, in support of the project, that if council sought to make Toronto a 21st century city, Bloor street begins at the eastern edge of the Prince Edward Viaduct, which passes over the ravine holding the Don River. The street continues through to the Rosedale Ravine, marking the border of the affluent community of Rosedale. West of Parliament Street, the passes just to the north of the large St. James Town housing project. On the northern side of section of Bloor are the forested slopes of the Rosedale Ravine. Between Sherbourne and Church Streets the street is lined by large office towers and this area has long been the centre of the insurance industry in Canada. West of Church the street becomes commercial and is an important shopping district. In downtown, especially around the intersection with Bay Street, Bloor is one of the most exclusive stretches of real estate in Canada. Rents on the upscale Bloor Street have doubled in 4 years, ranking as the 22nd most expensive location in the world in 2006. Nationally, Vancouvers upscale Robson Street tied with Bloor Street West as the most expensive street in Canada, under the intersection of Yonge and Bloor Streets is the Bloor-Yonge subway station, which is the busiest in the city, serving approximately 368,800 people a day. Above ground, the intersection encompasses commercial stores and condominiums and it generally retains its commercial character, and serves as the main shopping area for most of these communities
Bloor Street
–
Bloor Street
Bloor Street
–
Bloor St. within Toronto
Bloor Street
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The
Royal Ontario Museum on Bloor
Bloor Street
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The intersection of
Yonge Street and Bloor Street, two of Toronto's most prominent thoroughfares
45.
Toronto Transit Commission
–
The Toronto Transit Commission is a public transport agency that operates bus, rapid transit, streetcar, and paratransit services in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Established in 1921, the TTC comprises four rapid transit lines with 69 stations, over 149 bus routes, and 10 streetcar lines. In 4th quarter 2012, the daily ridership was 2.76 million passengers,1,425,300 by bus,271,100 by streetcar,46,400 by intermediate rail. The TTC also operates paratransit service for the elderly and disabled. The TTC is the third most heavily used urban mass transit system in North America, after the New York City Transit Authority, public transit in Toronto started in 1849 with a privately operated transit service. In later years, the city operated some routes, but in 1921 assumed control over all routes, during this period, streetcars provided the bulk of the service. In 1954, the TTC adopted its present name, opened the first subway line, the system has evolved to feature a wide network of surface routes with the subway lines as the backbone. On February 17,2008, the TTC made many improvements, finally reversing more than a decade of service reductions. The Gloucester subway cars, the first version of TTC subway cars, another common slogan is The Better Way. The TTC has recovered about 70% of its costs from the fare box in recent years. From its creation in 1921 until 1971, the TTC was self-supporting both for capital and operations, deficits and subsidies soared throughout the 1970s and 1980s, followed by service cuts and a period of ridership decline in the 1990s, partly attributable to recession. Since then, the TTC has consistently been in financial difficulties, Service cuts were averted in 2007, though, when the Toronto City Council voted to introduce new taxes to help pay for city services, including the TTC. As a result, the TTC became the largest transit operator in Anglo-America not to receive provincial/state subsidies, the TTC has received federal funding for capital projects from as early as 2009. The TTC is also considered one of the costliest transit systems per fare price in North America, for the 2011 operating year, the TTC had a projected operating budget of $1.45 billion. Revenue from fares covered approximately 70% of the budget, whereas the remaining 30% originated from the city, in 2009 through 2011, provincial and federal subsidies amounted to 0% of the budget. In contrast to this, STM Montreal receives approximately 10% of its budget from the provincial government. The fairness of preferentially subsidizing transit in specific Canadian cities has been questioned by citizens, the TTC operated the ferry service to the Toronto Islands from 1927 to 1962, when it was transferred to the Metro Parks and Culture department. Gray Coach Lines was a suburban and regional intercity bus operator founded in 1927 by the TTC, Gray Coach used interurban coaches to link Toronto to points throughout southern Ontario
Toronto Transit Commission
–
From top-left: A
Flexity Outlook streetcar, a
CLRV Streetcar,
Toronto Rocket subway train, an
ICTS Mark I rapid transit train, a
Wheel-Trans bus, a Nova Bus, and wall tile signage at
Eglinton Station featuring the
Toronto Subway typeface
Toronto Transit Commission
–
Orion VII HEV Next Generation bus
Toronto Transit Commission
–
T1 subway car
Toronto Transit Commission
–
Toronto Rocket subway train
46.
Toronto streetcar system
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The Toronto streetcar system is a network of eleven streetcar routes in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, operated by the Toronto Transit Commission. It is both the largest and busiest light-rail system in North America as well as the largest tramway in the Americas in terms of ridership, number of cars, the network is concentrated primarily in Downtown Toronto and in proximity to the citys waterfront. Much of the route network dates to the 19th century. Most of Torontos streetcar routes operate on trackage shared with vehicular traffic. Some routes operate wholly or partly within their own rights-of-way, at the eight downtown stations, excepting Union, from Queens Park to College on Line 1 Yonge–University, streetcars stop on the street outside the station entrances. Torontos streetcars provide most of the downtown cores surface transit service, four of the TTCs five most heavily used surface routes are streetcar routes. In 2013, ridership on the system totalled more than 100 million. In 1861, the City of Toronto issued a transit franchise for a horse-drawn street railway. Alexander Eastons Toronto Street Railway opened the first street railway line in Canada on September 11,1861, operating from Yorkville Town Hall to the St. Lawrence Market. At the end of the TSR franchise, the City government ran the railway for eight months, the TRC was the first operator of horseless streetcars in Toronto. The first electric car ran on August 15,1892, there came to be problems with interpretation of the franchise terms for the City. By 1912, the city limits had extended significantly, with the annexation of communities to the north and the east and the west. After many attempts to force the TRC to serve these areas, the City created its own street railway operation, the Toronto Civic Railways to do so, repeated court battles forced the TRC to build new cars, but they were of old design. When the TRC franchise ended in 1921, the Toronto Transportation Commission was created, the TTC began in 1921 as solely a streetcar operation, with the bulk of the routes acquired from the private TRC and merged with the publicly operated Toronto Civic Railways. In 1923, the TTC took over the Lambton, Davenport and Weston routes of the Toronto Suburban Railway, in 1925, routes were operated on behalf of the Township of York, but the TTC was contracted to operate them. One of these routes was the former TSR Weston route, in 1927, the TTC became the operator of three radial lines of the former Toronto and York Radial Railway. The last TTC-operated radial closed in 1948, after the Second World War, many cities across North America and Europe began to eliminate their streetcar systems in favour of buses. In 1966, the TTC announced plans to eliminate all streetcar routes by 1980, Streetcars were considered out of date, and their elimination in almost all other cities made it hard to buy new vehicles and maintain the existing ones
Toronto streetcar system
–
Toronto streetcar system
Toronto streetcar system
–
Streetcars at Bay and Queen in 1923
Toronto streetcar system
–
This Peter Witt streetcar, preserved at the
Halton County Radial Railway, has been restored into the TTC’s original 1921 livery.
Toronto streetcar system
–
Track and trolley coach overhead plan of Toronto in October, 1965. The map features detailed plans of Danforth, St.Clair, Lansdowne, Russell and Roncesvalles carhouses, Eglinton Garage and Hillcrest Complex.
47.
City of London
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The City of London is a city and county within London. It constituted most of London from its settlement by the Romans in the 1st century AD to the Middle Ages, the City is now only a tiny part of the metropolis of London, though it remains a notable part of central London. Administratively, it one of the 33 local authority districts of Greater London, however, the City of London is not a London borough. The City of London is widely referred to simply as the City and is colloquially known as the Square Mile. Both of these terms are often used as metonyms for the United Kingdoms trading and financial services industries. The name London is now used for a far wider area than just the City. London most often denotes the sprawling London metropolis, or the 32 London boroughs and this wider usage of London is documented as far back as 1888, when the County of London was created. The local authority for the City, namely the City of London Corporation, is unique in the UK and has some unusual responsibilities for a local council and it is also unusual in having responsibilities and ownerships beyond its boundaries. The Corporation is headed by the Lord Mayor of the City of London, the current Lord Mayor, as of November 2016, is Andrew Parmley. The City is a business and financial centre. Throughout the 19th century, the City was the primary business centre. London came top in the Worldwide Centres of Commerce Index, published in 2008, the insurance industry is focused around the eastern side of the City, around Lloyds building. A secondary financial district exists outside of the City, at Canary Wharf,2.5 miles to the east, the City has a resident population of about 7,000 but over 300,000 people commute to and work there, mainly in the financial services sector. It used to be held that Londinium was first established by merchants as a trading port on the tidal Thames in around 47 AD. However, this date is only supposition, many historians now believe London was founded some time before the Roman conquest of Britain in 43 AD. They base this notion on evidence provided by both archaeology and Welsh literary legend, archaeologists have claimed that as much as half of the best British Iron Age art and metalwork discovered in Britain has been found in the London area. One of the most prominent examples is the famously horned Waterloo Helmet dredged from the Thames in the early 1860s and now exhibited at the British Museum. Also, according to an ancient Welsh legend, a king named Lud son of Heli substantially enlarged and improved a pre-existing settlement at London which afterwards came to be renamed after him, the same tradition relates how this Lud son of Heli was later buried at Ludgate
City of London
–
The City of London skyline in December 2013
City of London
–
The
Waterloo Helmet, c. 150–50 BC, found in the
River Thames
City of London
–
A surviving fragment of the
London Wall, built around 200 AD, close to
Tower Hill
City of London
–
Plaque near
Southwark Bridge noting the activities around the time of
King Alfred.
48.
Google Maps
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Google Maps is a web mapping service developed by Google. It offers satellite imagery, street maps, 360° panoramic views of streets, real-time traffic conditions, Google maps began as a C++ desktop program designed by Lars and Jens Eilstrup Rasmussen at Where 2 Technologies. In October 2004, the company was acquired by Google, which converted it into a web application, after additional acquisitions of a geospatial data visualization company and a realtime traffic analyzer, Google Maps was launched in February 2005. The services front end utilizes JavaScript, XML, and Ajax, Google Maps offers an API that allows maps to be embedded on third-party websites, and offers a locator for urban businesses and other organizations in numerous countries around the world. Google Map Maker allows users to expand and update the services mapping worldwide. Much of the satellite imagery is no more than three years old and is updated on a regular basis. Google Maps uses a variant of the Mercator projection. The current redesigned version of the application was made available in 2013. Google Maps for mobile was released in September 2008 and features GPS turn-by-turn navigation, in August 2013, it was determined to be the worlds most popular app for smartphones, with over 54% of global smartphone owners using it at least once. In 2012, Google reported having over 7,100 employees, Google Maps provides a route planner under Get Directions. Up to four modes of transportation are available depending on the area, driving, public transit, walking, in combination with Google Street View, issues such as parking, turning lanes, and one-way streets can be viewed before traveling. China mainland, Hong Kong, Macau, Jordan, Lebanon, only public transit directions are provided for South Korea. All countries of mainland North and Central America are covered contiguously, all countries of mainland South America are covered. All countries including Trinidad and Tobago* are treated contiguously, all inhabited countries and territories in the Caribbean are covered, though in general there are no connections between islands. Like many other Google web applications, Google Maps uses JavaScript extensively, as the user drags the map, the grid squares are downloaded from the server and inserted into the page. When a user searches for a business, the results are downloaded in the background for insertion into the panel and map. Locations are drawn dynamically by positioning a red pin on top of the map images, a hidden IFrame with form submission is used because it preserves browser history. The site also uses JSON for data rather than XML
Google Maps
–
Google Maps car at
Via Laietana,
Barcelona.
Google Maps
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Google Maps
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