Be Biauw Tjoan, Majoor-titulair der Chinezen was one of the most important Chinese-Indonesian magnates in the second half of the nineteenth century. A bureaucrat, revenue farmer (pachter) and businessman, he headed the influential Be family of Bagelen, part of the ‘Cabang Atas’ gentry of the Indies.
Be Biauw Tjoan, Majoor-titulair der Chinezen, late 19th century
Kebon Dalem, the Semarang residence of Majoor Be Biauw Tjoan, 1870
The private Javanese orchestra of Majoor Be Biauw Tjoan, 1857-1872
The Cabang Atas —literally 'upper branch' in Indonesian—was the traditional Chinese establishment or gentry of colonial Indonesia. They were the families and descendants of the Chinese officers, high-ranking colonial civil bureaucrats with the ranks of Majoor, Kapitein and Luitenant der Chinezen. They were referred to as the baba bangsawan [‘Chinese gentry’] in Indonesian, and the ba-poco in Java Hokkien.
Portrait of Yan and Coen, grandsons of Khouw Kim An, Majoor der Chinezen of Batavia (by Charles Sayers, circa 1937).
Kebon Dalem, residence of Be Biauw Tjoan, Majoor der Chinezen of Semarang.
Majoor Be Biauw Tjoan's private gamelan orchestra.
Oey Djie San, Kapitein der Chinezen of Tangerang with European guests.