1.
Beagle Bros
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Beagle Bros was an American software company that specialized in creating personal computing products. Their primary focus was on the Apple II family of computers, Beagle Bros was founded in 1980 by Bert Kersey and expanded over the years to include a wide variety of staff members, programmers, and designers. When the Apple IIgs was released, Beagle Bros was among the first companies to release content for the platform, both Platinum Paint and BeagleWrite GS are still regarded as being among the high points of commercial IIgs software. Beagle Bros began producing add-ons for the AppleWorks, its first being the MacroWorks keyboard shortcut utility by Randy Brandt, Beagle Bros programmer Alan Bird later devised an API for creating AppleWorks add-ons, which they dubbed TimeOut. TimeOut programmers Alan Bird, Randy Brandt and Rob Renstrom were tapped by Claris to develop AppleWorks 3.0, eventually the TimeOut API was made public and a number of non-Beagle TimeOut applications were released. In 1991, Mark Simonsen licensed the Beagle Bros Apple II line to Quality Computers, Quality Computers subsequently went through several acquisitions and no longer exists. Multiple Beagle Bros products were released as freeware in the mid-1990s, today, their programs are available on the Internet. BeagleWorks, the companys main Macintosh product, was licensed to WordPerfect Corporation in 1992 and this product was later discontinued after WordPerfect was acquired by Novell. The company also produced a few small Macintosh and PC utilities, Randy Brandt created Online Army Knife, an award-winning Macintosh spell checker, and continued publishing AppleWorks products through his JEM Software spin-off. Mark Munz created Deja ][, which allows AppleWorks to run under Mac OS X, the companys founder, Bert Kersey, started a model train company after selling Beagle Bros, and is now retired. Beagle Bros used woodcut art in its print material and 19th century artwork in its designs, the Beagle Bros Online Museum The Beagle Brothers Software repository Beagle Bros software at the Lost Classics Project Backyard Barn Owls — Beagle Bros founders current Web site about barn owls
2.
Walt Disney's Comics and Stories
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The precursor to WDC was Mickey Mouse Magazine, published in several incarnations from 1933 to 1940. WDC itself was launched in October 1940, and initially consisted of reprints taken from the Disney comic strips Donald Duck, Mickey Mouse and Silly Symphonies reformatted for comic books and colored. The first original story created for WDC was an adaptation of The Flying Gauchito illustrated by Walt Kelly in #24, by the mid-1950s the title was the best selling comic book in the United States, with a monthly circulation of over three million. Mark Evanier describes the circulation as the product of an aggressive subscription push. To facilitate birthday and holiday gift giving to youngsters, Western Publishing offered to send subscription recipients illustrated letters that announced the gift, also various premiums were offered for new subscribers, including a mini-poster attributed to Walt Kelly advertised on the back cover of WDC&S #100. The anthology format usually began with a 10-page story featuring Donald Duck, in many 1980s issues, as well as scattered issues from 2006 onward, new Daan Jippes and/or Freddy Milton Donald Duck stories lead off the title. Issues #523,524,526,528,531, and 547 featured lead-off stories drawn by Don Rosa, while most issues from 1993-2005 featured lead-offs by William Van Horn. Lil Bad Wolf stories began in issue #52 and remained a feature for more than ten years. Carl Buettner, Gil Turner, and Dick Matena are generally regarded as the most notable Wolf creators featured in the title, more recently, Big Bad Wolf has often supplanted his son as title character of the stories. Bucky Bug stories began in issue #20 with a series of reprints, original Bucky stories started awhile later. Bucky stories were monthly through 1950, were not seen for decades, then returned on an occasional basis from 1988 to the present, with a mixture of old. Walt Kelly of Pogo fame did the art for many issues between #34 and #118 and provided interior art for issues # 34-41 and 43. Walt Disneys Comics and Stories has been the longest running Disney-based comic book in history, after reaching its 600th issue, it converted to prestige format and remained that way until the end of Gemstones run at issue #698. Boom Studios published the title from 2009 until 2011, in January 2015, IDW Publishing stated that they were going to be publishing it from July 2015, continuing the number sequence from #721
3.
Carl Barks
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Carl Barks was an American cartoonist, author, and painter. He is best known for his comics about Donald Duck and as the creator of Scrooge McDuck and he worked anonymously until late in his career, fans dubbed him The Duck Man and The Good Duck Artist. In 1987, Barks was one of the three inaugural inductees of the Will Eisner Comic Book Hall of Fame, cartoonist Will Eisner called him the Hans Christian Andersen of comic books. Barks was born in Merrill, Oregon to William Barks and his wife Arminta Johnson and he had an older brother named Clyde. His paternal grandparents were David Barks and his wife Ruth Shrum and his maternal grandparents were Carl Johnson and his wife Suzanna Massey, but little else is known about his ancestors. Barks was the descendant of Jacob Barks who came to Missouri from North Carolina around 1800 and they lived in Marble Hill in Bollinger County. Jacob Barks son Isaac was the father of the David Barks noted above, according to Barks description of his childhood, he was a rather lonely child. His parents owned one square mile of land served as their farm. The nearest neighbor lived half a mile away, but he was more an acquaintance to Barks parents than a friend, the closest school was about two miles away and Barks had to walk that distance every day. The rural area had few children, though, and Barks later remembered that his school had only eight or ten students including him. He had high praise for the quality of the education he received in small school. Schools were good in those days, he used to say, the lessons lasted from nine oclock in the morning to four oclock in the afternoon and then he had to return to the farm. There he remembered not having anybody to talk to, as his parents were busy, in 1908, William Barks moved with his family to Midland, Oregon, some miles north of Merrill, to be closer to the new railway lines. He established a new stock-breeding farm and sold his produce to the local slaughterhouses, nine-year-old Clyde and seven-year-old Carl worked long hours there. But Carl later remembered that the crowd gathered at Midlands market place made a strong impression on him. This was expected, as he was not used to crowds up until then, according to Barks, his attention was mostly drawn to the cowboys that frequented the market with their revolvers, strange nicknames for each other and sense of humor. By 1911, they had been enough to move to Santa Rosa. There they started cultivating vegetables and set up some orchards, unfortunately, the profits were not as high as William expected and they started having financial difficulties
4.
Chuck McCann
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Chuck McCann is an American stage, film, television, and voice actor and television personality. The best-selling The First Family, an early 60s LP record album which lampooned the newly elected President John F. Kennedy and his family, until late 1967, the tall, portly, moon-faced McCann hosted comedy/variety TV puppet shows in the New York area. In addition, Chuck was the sidekick on the WPIX long-running Clay Cole Show. His career was burgeoning by the time he left Channel 5, by the end of the 1960s, he had appeared to critical acclaim in the 1968 film The Heart Is a Lonely Hunter and performed regularly on CBSs The Garry Moore Show and Happy Days. He also began a successful acting career, doing everything from Bob Kanes Cool McCool to Sonny the Cuckoo Bird in commercials for General Mills. He had even one of the stars of producer George Schlatters ill-fated offshoot of Laugh-In. In the 1970s, McCanns life and career shifted west, and he made frequent guest appearances on network television shows including Little House on the Prairie, Bonanza, Columbo, The Rockford Files and The Bob Newhart Show. He appeared in the 1973 made-for-TV movie The Girl Most Likely to and he had a steadier job as a regular on Norman Lears All That Glitters. In addition, he co-starred with Bob Denver in CBSs Saturday-morning sitcom Far Out Space Nuts, the 1970s also brought him fame in a long-running series of commercials for Right Guard antiperspirant, he was the enthusiastic neighbor with the catch phrase Hi, guy. Who appeared on the side of a shared medicine cabinet. After The Heart Is a Lonely Hunter, McCanns motion picture career took a turn back into comedy with many supporting roles and a co-starring turn in They Went That-A-Way & That-A-Way. His most notable films were The Projectionist, Jennifer on My Mind, Linda Lovelace for President, Foul Play. The Comeback Trail, Hamburger, The Motion Picture, and Herbie Rides Again and he also had a supporting role in the 1988 horror film Camerons Closet. He had an appearance in Mel Brooks 1993 comedy film Robin Hood, Men in Tights as a villager and also appeared as an innkeeper in another Brooks production, Dracula, Dead. In 1980, McCann and Paul Ashley were reunited for a pair of TV show pilots, however, Paul Ashley was forced to leave the projects when he found to be suffering from Alzheimers disease. Tiny TV never reached fruition, but LBS Childrens Theater was picked up for syndication in 1983. McCann emceed the series alone because Ashley did not live enough to see the show. McCann voiced Dreamfinder in Disneys attraction Journey Into Imagination, and in 1989, McCann returned to daily childrens television one more time with Chuck McCanns Funstuff
5.
Peter Cullen
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Peter Claver Cullen is a Canadian voice actor. He also voiced Monterey Jack in Chip n Dale Rescue Rangers from season one through some of season two, starting in 2007, Peter Cullen has reprised his role as Optimus Prime in related Transformers media, starting with the first live-action film. Cullen was born on July 28,1941 in Montreal, Quebec to Henry L. and he has three siblings, Michaela, Sonny, and Larry. Cullen attended Regiopolis-Notre Dame Catholic Secondary School and he is a member of the first graduating class of the National Theatre School of Canada, which graduated in 1963. His brother, Larry Cullen, was a retired Captain in the United States Marine Corps, Cullen played a French-Canadian astronaut character named Commander Bi Bi Latuque alongside Ted Zeigler for the 1969 childrens show, The Buddies on CFCF-TV in Montreal. He honed his skills by working as a radio announcer, notably in his home town of Montreal on MOR station CKGM doing the overnight. From 1967-69, he was the announcer for Smothers Brothers Comedy Hour, from 1971-74, he, Zeigler and Billy Van were series regulars on The Sonny and Cher Comedy Hour. In 1974, Cullen was the announcer and a regular on The Hudson Brothers Razzle Dazzle Show. He lent his voice to a character in the album The Story of Halloween Horror in 1977, real heroes dont yell and act tough, they are tough enough to be gentle, so control yourself. Cullen later learned from his agent, Steve Tisherman, that he not only won the part of Prime, but also, to his surprise, the role of Ironhide as well, which he saw as a home run. He has stated that Optimus is his voice role, and that he based the voice of the Autobot leader on his older brother Larry. When he came home, I could see a change and he was quieter and he was a man and a hero to me, says the actor. I watched him and listened to him, id never had an opportunity to do a superhero, and when that came, just came right out of me and I sounded like Optimus. The public backlash over Optimus death surprised producers greatly, children were leaving the theaters because of the characters death. The writers temporarily revived the character for an episode in Season 3 called Dark Awakening. Initially, this was intended to be his final appearance, but after fan requests continued, The Return of Optimus Prime, the original ending of Dark Awakening was altered in reruns to include a teaser about the return of the character. He is contractually obligated to voice Optimus in at least one more sequel and his performance in the premiere season of Transformers, Prime earned him a nomination for a 2011 Daytime Emmy Award in the Outstanding Performer in an Animated Program category. In the 1980s and the 1990s, Cullen appeared on a number of television shows. I and he also had a voice part in the 1984 motion picture Gremlins, as a gremlin, and the first season of the 2008 Knight Rider series as KARR
6.
Don Messick
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Donald Earl Don Messick was an American voice actor, best known for his performances in Hanna-Barbera cartoons. Pig in Tiny Toon Adventures and Dr. Benton Quest in Jonny Quest, Messick was born in Buffalo, New York, the son of Binford Earl Messick, a house painter, and Lena Birch. At first, Messick wanted to be a ventriloquist and even supported himself as one for a time and his big break came in the mid-1940s. His first major voice over role was as Raggedy Andy on the radio series The Raggedy Ann Show, at MGM, Tex Avery was producing the Droopy cartoons. The regular voice actor Bill Thompson was not available, Avery hired Messick after Daws Butler, who voiced characters for MGM, suggested him. When Hanna and Barbera formed their own animation studio Hanna-Barbera in 1957, Messick, Messicks and Butlers first collaboration was Ruff and Reddy. Don was Ruff the cat and the Droopy-sounding Professor Gizmo, while Daws Butler played the dog Reddy, Messick also narrated the show, which had a serialized storyline. From 1958-1959, Messick played Tadpole in the television series produced by Beverly Hills Productions, Spunky. From 1957-1965, Butler and Messick gave voice to a number of characters. Always the sidekick, Messick’s characters were not headliners and his notable roles in this era were Boo Boo Bear, Ranger Smith, Major Minor, Pixie Mouse, Astro and Dr. Benton Quest. He was used primarily for his skills, which were heard on many of those cartoons in which Daws Butler starred. In narrating The Huckleberry Hound Shows Yogi Bear cartoons, he played Ranger Smith in something close to his natural voice, Messick would eventually star as Ricochet Rabbit in Ricochet Rabbit, while Deputy Droop-a-Long was voiced by Mel Blanc. He did the voices of the character in Precious Pupp. Both segments from The Atom Ant/Secret Squirrel Show, in 1966, Messick took over the roles of Atom Ant and Mr. Peebles of The Magilla Gorilla Show from Howard Morris who had left Hanna-Barbera. In outer space cartoons, Don Messick created noises and sounds for weird space creatures and his Ranger Smith voice was often heard as various space villains. His narrator voice was given to Vapor Man, Dr. Benton Quest, The Perilous Paper Doll Man, in 1969, he was cast as the cowardly canine Scooby-Doo on Scooby-Doo, Where Are You. He voiced him through all of the versions of Scooby-Doo, on television in numerous formats from 1969 to 1985, four television films. In Hong Kong Phooey, he was the voice of Spot the cat, in 1977, Don Messick lent his vocal talents to several characters in the first animated adaptation of The Hobbit by J. R. R. Tolkien
7.
Eric Bauza
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Eric Adrian Bauza is a Canadian voice actor, animation artist, and comedian. His notable roles include Stimpy of Ren and Stimpy Adult Party Cartoon and he also voices Rodolfo/White Pantera for El Tigre on Nickelodeon, Storm Shadow, Destro and Tunnel Rat on G. I. Joe, Resolute, Razoff from Rayman 3, Hoodlum Havoc and he also voiced Lord Takagami from Dick Figures, The Movie. Bauza had attended Blessed Cardinal Newman Catholic High School in Scarborough, Ontario, even then, he was a comedic character who was very much involved with the creative arts in school. Bauza started his career in animation as a designer, working with a few production studios in Hollywood. It was this introduction to the world that eventually led him to a successful career in voiceovers. In just a few years, Bauza has starred in shows as Nickelodeons El Tigre, The Adventures of Manny Rivera, The Fairly OddParents, Spike TVs Ren & Stimpy, Adult Party Cartoon. Animations Coconut Freds Fruit Salad Island, Hasbros G. I, joe, Resolute, and Hero,108 as Red-Faced Kawn and Camel King. Aside from his television credits, Bauza has played roles on The King and Us, a web-series sponsored by Burger King. Bauza had a role as Digger the NASCAR Gopher in Alvin. Currently, Bauza is the voice of Lord Stingray on the Adult Swim show, Superjail. as well as Marvin the Martian on The Looney Tunes Show, and Dr. Psychobos on Ben 10, Omniverse. He also appeared in episodes of the Animated web series Dick Figures, where he voiced the Genie of the Teapot, the Vulgar Mall Santa, and he has also been the voice of Lord Takagami, the main antagonist of Dick Figures, The Movie. He also plays Buhdeuce Breadwinners and the character in Netflixs The Adventures of Puss in Boots. Bauza is currently working on his stand up routine, and has performed at the Laugh Factory in Los Angeles alongside Harland Williams. And WWE, Curse of the Speed Demon - Big Earl Scooby-Doo, frankencreepy - Daphomatic, Rock Dude Scooby-Doo. Moon Monster Madness - Clark Sparkman Scooby-Doo, surly Squirrel - Buddy the Rat Tom and Jerry, Spy Quest - Dr. Benton Quest The Book of Life - Father Domingo, Cave Guardian The Flintstones & WWE, Stone Age SmackDown. - Bamm-Bamm Rubble, Dino, Hoppy The Jetsons & WWE, adam Hamasaki Ben 10, Omniverse - Driba, Diamondhead, Arcticguana, Megawhatt Ben 10, Omniverse 2 - Dr
8.
Organized crime
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Some criminal organizations, such as terrorist groups, are politically motivated. Sometimes criminal organizations force people to do business with them, such as when a gang extorts money from shopkeepers for so-called protection, gangs may become disciplined enough to be considered organized. A criminal organization or gang can also be referred to as a mafia, mob, or crime syndicate, European sociologists define the mafia as a type of organized crime group that specializes in the supply of extra-legal protection and quasi law enforcement. There is a tendency to distinguish organized crime from other forms of crime, such as crime, financial crimes, political crimes, war crime, state crimes. This distinction is not always apparent and academics continue to debate the matter, for example, in failed states that can no longer perform basic functions such as education, security, or governance, organised crime, governance and war sometimes complement each other. The term Oligarchy has been used to describe democratic countries whose political, social and economic institutions come under the control of a few families, in the United States, the Organized Crime Control Act defines organized crime as he unlawful activities of a highly organized, disciplined association. Criminal activity as a process is referred to as racketeering. In the UK, police estimate that organized crime involves up to 38,000 people operating in 6,000 various groups, bureaucratic/corporate organized crime groups are defined by the general rigidity of their internal structures. An estimate on youth street gangs nationwide provided by Hannigan, et al. marked an increase of 35% between 2002 and 2010, the term “street gang” is commonly used interchangeably with “youth gang, ” referring to neighborhood or street-based youth groups that meet “gang” criteria. Some reasons youth join gangs include to feel accepted, attain status, a sense of unity brings together many of the youth gangs that lack the family aspect at home. Zones of transition are deteriorating neighborhoods with shifting populations, in such areas, conflict between groups, fighting, turf wars, and theft promote solidarity and cohesion. Participation in gang-related events during adolescence perpetuate a pattern of maltreatment on their own children years later, klein like Spergel studied the effects on members of social workers’ interventions. More interventions actually lead to greater participation and solidarity and bonds between members. Downes and Rock on Parker’s analysis, strain theory applies, labeling theory, control theory and these may also be defined by age or peer group influences, and the permanence or consistency of their criminal activity. These groups also form their own identity or public representation which are recognizable by the community at large. Some studied street gangs involved in drug dealing - finding that their structure, members saw themselves as organized criminals, gangs were formal-rational organizations, Strong organizational structures, well defined roles and rules that guided members’ behavior. Also a specified and regular means of income, padilla agreed with the two above. However some have found these to be rather than well-defined and lacking persistent focus, there was relatively low cohesion, few shared goals
9.
Scrooge McDuck
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Scrooge McDuck is a fictional character created in 1947 by Carl Barks during his time as a work-for-hire for The Walt Disney Company. Scrooge is an elderly Scottish anthropomorphic Pekin duck with a bill, legs. He typically wears a red or blue frock coat, top hat, pince-nez glasses and he is portrayed in animations as speaking with a Scottish accent, also sometimes known as a Scottish burr. Named after Ebenezer Scrooge from the 1843 novel A Christmas Carol, Scrooge is a wealthy Scottish business magnate and he is the maternal uncle of Donald Duck, the grand-uncle of Huey, Dewey and Louie, and a usual financial backer of Gyro Gearloose. Within the context of the fictional Duck universe, he is the worlds richest person and his Money Bin—and indeed Scrooge himself—are often used as a humorous metonyms for great wealth in popular culture around the world. McDuck was initially characterized as a miser and antihero, but in later appearances he was often portrayed as a charitable and thrifty hero, adventurer, explorer. He was originally created by Barks as an antagonist for Donald Duck, however, McDucks popularity grew so large that he became a major figure of the Duck universe. In 1952 he was given his own book series, called Uncle Scrooge. Scrooge was most famously drawn by his creator Carl Barks, like other Disney franchise characters, Scrooge McDucks international popularity has resulted in literature that is often translated into other languages. Comics have remained Scrooges primary medium, although he has appeared in animated cartoons. His appearance may have based on a similar-looking, nameless Scottish character from the 1943 propaganda short The Spirit of 43. In Christmas on Bear Mountain, Scrooge was a bearded, bespectacled, reasonably wealthy old duck, visibly leaning on his cane, Scrooges misanthropic thoughts in this first story are quite pronounced, Here I sit in this big lonely dump, waiting for Christmas to pass. That silly season when everybody loves everybody else, everybody hates me, and I hate everybody. Barks later reflected, Scrooge in Christmas on Bear Mountain was only my first idea of a rich, I had made him too old and too weak. I discovered later on that I had to him more active. I could not make an old guy like that do the things I wanted him to do, Barks would later claim that he originally only intended to use Scrooge as a one-shot character, but then decided Scrooge could prove useful for motivating further stories. Barks continued to experiment with Scrooges appearance and personality over the four years. Foxy Relations was the first story where Scrooge is called by his title, the story, Voodoo Hoodoo, first published in Dells Four Color Comics #238, August 1949, was the first story to hint at Scrooges past with the introduction of two figures from it
10.
Prune
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A prune is a dried plum of any cultivar, mostly Prunus domestica or European Plum. The use of the term for fresh fruit is obsolete except when applied to varieties grown for drying, most prunes are freestone cultivars, whereas most other plums grown for fresh consumption are clingstone. More than 1,000 plum cultivars are grown for drying, the main cultivar grown in the United States is the Improved French prune. Other varieties include Sutter, Tulare Giant, Moyer, Imperial, Italian, fresh prunes reach the market earlier than fresh plums and are usually smaller in size. In 2001, plum growers in the United States were authorised by the government to call prunes dried plums, prunes are used in cooking both sweet and savory dishes. Stewed prunes, a compote, are a dessert, prunes are a frequent ingredient in North African tagines. Perhaps the best-known gastronomic prunes are those of Agen, prunes have also been included in other holiday dishes, such as stuffing, cake, and to make sugar plums. Prune-filled Danish pastries are popular primarily in New York and other parts of the U. S, Prune ice cream is popular in the Dominican Republic. Chocolate-covered prunes are a traditional confectionery in Eastern Europe, prunes are also used to make juice and kompot, a traditional drink in Central, Eastern and Southern Europe. In the Cotswolds, prunes were fermented to form a cider-like drink called jerkum, due to the high sugar content of prunes, it was considered particularly potent as compared to contemporary ciders and beers. Prunes and their juice contain mild laxatives including phenolic compounds and sorbitol, prunes also have a high antioxidant content. Prunes have been found to contain surprising amounts of acrylamide, a known neurotoxin, acrylamide does not occur naturally in foods but is formed during the cooking process at temperatures in excess of 100 °C. Although the common drying mechanism of prunes does not involve high temperatures, for effects on fertility, the level is 2,000 times higher than the average intake. From this, they concluded acrylamide levels in food were safe in terms of neuropathy, zwetschge List of dried foods List of plum dishes 11. Http, //cheatdeath. news/prunes-healthy-diet/ INC, International Nut and Dried Fruit Council Foundation California Prune Board
11.
Only a Poor Old Man
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Only A Poor Old Man is a 32-page funny animal comic book story written, drawn, and lettered by Carl Barks. It was published by Four Color #386 in the first issue of Uncle Scrooge and it was the first comic book story with Scrooge McDuck as its main character. The story has been reprinted many times and it was originally published with the one-page gag stories Osogood Silver Polish, Coffee for Two, and Soupline Eight. Gemstone Publishing selected Poor Old Man for Free Comic Book Day 2005, Barks expert Michael Barrier has dubbed the story a masterpiece. He is watched by his nephew Donald, and they discuss the merits of having so much money. While looking through the window, Scrooge is alarmed to see that the Beagle Boys have bought the lot next to the money bin, Scrooge understands that they plan to build a house on it so they can secretly drain Scrooges money out of the bin. Huey, Dewey and Louie ask Scrooge why he is so attached to his money, every coin is a memento of an adventure. After calming down, Scrooge forms a plan, with his nephews help and they observe the trucks the Beagle Boys are using, which end up dumping the extra dirt at the lake. Scrooge buys the lake, then empties a load of every time a truck drives by. When the Beagles finish their building, they begin their robbery. However, Scrooge is not at peace, still with his money on the bottom of the lake Scrooge begins to miss his daily swim in his coins. To make up for it, he decides to create a temporary money island, but once he is indulged in swimming around in his money, one of the Beagle Boys coincidentally observes him from afar. Realizing that the Beagle Boys have found out where he hid his money, Scrooge immediately calls his nephews to help him guard the lake. The Beagle Boys buy the land in the valley downstream from the lake, showing that their plan is to destroy the dam at the end, causing the water, Donald shatters the glass with a shot from an old-fashioned cannon. Next, they force a bomb down the gullet of a fish, luckily, Dewey is fishing, and manages to pull out the bomb and throw it away before it explodes. Scrooge tells him to all the other fish downstream and then string a net across. Third, the Beagle Boys use trained cormorants who first steal beakfuls of change from the lake, Scrooge, who learned cormorant language while trading pearls in Asia, orders the cormorants to turn around and drop their bombs on the Beagle Boys. Fourth, the Beagle Boys seed the clouds, causing a thunderstorm, hoping a lightning bolt will be drawn to the metal in the lake, Scrooge installs a large lightning rod atop the dam, wired to a cannon ball shot into the Beagle Boys backyard
12.
Uncle Scrooge
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It was first published in Four Color Comics #386 March 1952, as a spin-off of the popular Donald Duck series and is still presently ongoing. It has been produced under the aegis of several different publishers, including Western Publishing, Gladstone Publishing, Disney Comics, Gemstone Publishing, studios, and IDW Publishing, and has undergone several hiatuses of varying length. Despite this, it has maintained the numbering scheme throughout its six decade history. Besides Scrooge and his family, recurring characters include Gyro Gearloose, Gladstone Gander, Emily Quackfaster, among the adversaries who make repeat appearances are the Beagle Boys, Magica De Spell, John D. Rockerduck and Flintheart Glomgold. Uncle Scrooge is one of the titles of the Duck universe. Its early issues by famed writer/artist Carl Barks formed the inspiration for the television cartoon DuckTales in the late 1980s. Several stories written by Barks and published in Uncle Scrooge were adapted as episodes of DuckTales, the first 70 issues mostly consisted of stories written and drawn by Carl Barks. The 71st issue had a written by Barks and drawn by Tony Strobl. Subsequent Gold Key Comics issues combined reprints of earlier Barks tales with new material by such as Strobl, Vic Lockman, Phil DeLara, Jack Manning. Dell Comics, 1952–1962 Gold Key Comics, 1962–1984 Gladstone Publishing, 1986-1990 Disney Comics, 1990–1993 Gladstone Publishing, 1993–1998 Gemstone Publishing, after two further Four Color appearances Scrooge was granted his own title starting with issue number 4. The series continued uninterrupted until 1984, when Western Publishing withdrew from the book business. Gladstone continued publishing Uncle Scrooge until their license expired in 1990, at that point, the series shifted over to Disney Comics with little change in editorial direction. Gladstone went through their own implosion in 1998, and Uncle Scrooge was briefly converted into a double-sized, prestige format series, no further issues were published until 2003, when Gemstone Publishing acquired the license and resumed publication of Uncle Scrooge. Gemstone maintained the format previously adopted by Gladstone, and continued to publish the series until November 2008. Financial difficulties at Gemstone ended its run then, and the license was acquired by Boom, studios, who reverted to the standard 32 page format when they began publication in late 2009. Booms run ended in 2011, when the Walt Disney Companys acquisition of Marvel Entertainment lead to the consolidation of all Disney comics licenses under Marvel Comics, in January 2015, IDW Publishing announced that they would be publishing the title, starting in April 2015. Over the years, Scrooge McDuck has proven enough to appear as the main character in a number of other comic book series. Many of these series include republications of stories written for the main Uncle Scrooge title in the United States or various European countries
13.
Donald Duck
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Donald Duck is a cartoon character created in 1934 at Walt Disney Productions. Donald is a white duck with a yellow-orange bill, legs. He typically wears a shirt and cap with a bow tie. Donald is most famous for his speech and his mischievous. Along with his friend Mickey Mouse, Donald is one of the most popular Disney characters and was included in TV Guides list of the 50 greatest cartoon characters of all time in 2002. He has appeared in more films than any other Disney character, Donald Duck rose to fame with his comedic roles in animated cartoons. Donalds first appearance was in 1934 in The Wise Little Hen, throughout the next two decades, Donald appeared in over 150 theatrical films, several of which were recognized at the Academy Awards. In the 1930s, he appeared as part of a comic trio with Mickey. These films introduced Donalds love interest Daisy Duck and often included his three nephews Huey, Dewey, and Louie, after the 1956 film Chips Ahoy, Donald appeared primarily in educational films before eventually returning to theatrical animation in Mickeys Christmas Carol. His most recent appearance in a film was 1999s Fantasia 2000. Donald has also appeared in features such as Mickey, Donald, Goofy, The Three Musketeers, television series such as Mickey Mouse Clubhouse. Beyond animation, Donald is primarily known for his appearances in comics, Donald was most famously drawn by Al Taliaferro, Carl Barks, and Don Rosa. Barks, in particular, is credited for expanding the Donald Duck universe, the world in which Donald lives. Donald has been a popular character in Europe, particularly in Nordic countries where his weekly magazine Donald Duck & Co was the most popular comics publication from the 1950s to 2009. Disney comics fandom is sometimes referred to as Donaldism, a term originated in Norway. The origins of Donald Ducks name may have inspired by Australian cricket legend Donald Bradman. In 1932 Bradman and the Australian team were touring North America, Walt Disney was in the process of creating a friend for Mickey Mouse when he possibly read about Bradmans dismissal in the papers and decided to name the new character Donald Duck. Voice performer Clarence Nash auditioned for Walt Disney Studios when he learned that Disney was looking for people to create animal sounds for his cartoons, Disney was particularly impressed with Nashs duck imitation and chose him to voice the new character
14.
Donald Duck universe
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The world is a part of the Mickey Mouse universe, but is more detailed. Life in the Donald Duck universe centers on the city of Duckburg, usually located in the fictional U. S. state of Calisota, analogous to Northern California. The world also incorporates several real and fictional locations, as well as historical figures and a fictional timeline. Disney comics are the medium for Donald Duck stories. Contributors include Americans Carl Barks, Ted Osborne, Don Rosa, Tony Strobl, Al Taliaferro, and William Van Horn, as well as Italians Giovan Battista Carpi, Marco Rota, Donald Duck universe is not an official Disney term, but is sometimes used by fans. Don Rosa has also used the terms Barks Universe and Italian Duck Universe to describe different versions of the worlds continuity. Don Rosa is an example of this when creating his book series The Life and Times of Scrooge McDuck. Additionally, the stories by Al Taliaferro and Ted Osborne are also considered canon by fans, being that they are the creators of Huey, Dewey and Louie. Most of the characters have appeared in the 1980s Disney cartoon series DuckTales, much of the DuckTales and all of the Darkwing Duck material does not appear in Barks comics, as the two TV series was created decades after Barkss active years as a comic artist. Later, a few characters would be the characters in the show Quack Pack. Duckburg was the setting of the 1987 animated series DuckTales, the cartoons version of Duckburg was based loosely on the comics version. Duckburg appeared in the 1990s animated series Quack Pack, in Quack Pack, Duckburg was populated almost entirely by human beings, with Donald, Daisy, and Donalds nephews as the only anthropomorphized animals that usually appeared. Moreover, the Money Bin is nowhere to be seen, Duckburg was the setting for one of the three initial levels of the video game Quackshot and also for the second level of the video game Donald Duck, Goin Quackers. Duckburg was also used for the setting of Mickeys Birthdayland at Walt Disney Worlds Magic Kingdom from 1988 to 1996 and it even included Grandma Ducks Farm and a statue of Cornelius Coot, though it was more of a rural town than a burgeoning metropolis. The connection to Duckburg was removed as the land was renovated in 1996 to become Mickeys Toontown Fair, however, the Cornelius Coot statue remains. Duckburg was first mentioned in Walt Disneys Comics and Stories #49 in 1944, the city is populated by various anthropomorphized animals, with dogs, different birds and pigs as the most dominant ones. The mayor of the city is depicted as a pig. However, in stories the office of mayor is held by various dog characters which is probably a result of new elections
15.
Academic degree
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An academic degree is a qualification awarded on successful completion of a course of study in higher education, normally at a college or university. These institutions commonly offer degrees at various levels, typically including bachelors, master’s and doctorates, often alongside other academic certificates, and professional degrees. The most common degree is the bachelors degree, although in some countries lower qualifications are titled degrees while in others a higher-level first degree is more usual. The degrees awarded by European universities—the bachelor’s degree, the licentiate, the degree. The doctorate appeared in medieval Europe as a license to teach at a medieval university and its roots can be traced to the early church when the term doctor referred to the Apostles, church fathers and other Christian authorities who taught and interpreted the Bible. The right to grant a licentia docendi was originally reserved to the church required the applicant to pass a test, to take oath of allegiance. The Third Council of the Lateran of 1179 guaranteed the access – now largely free of charge – of all able applicants, at the university, doctoral training was a form of apprenticeship to a guild. The traditional term of study before new teachers were admitted to the guild of Master of Arts, originally the terms master and doctor were synonymous, but over time the doctorate came to be regarded as a higher qualification than the master degree. The earliest doctoral degrees reflected the historical separation of all higher University study into three fields. Over time, the D. D. has gradually become less common outside theology, Studies outside theology, law, and medicine were then called philosophy, due to the Renaissance conviction that real knowledge could be derived from empirical observation. The degree title of Doctor of Philosophy is of a later time. Studies in what once was called philosophy are now classified as sciences and humanities, Master of Arts were eligible to enter study under the higher faculties of Law, Medicine or Theology, and earn first a bachelors and then master or doctors degrees in these subjects. Thus a degree was only a step on the way to becoming a qualified master – hence the English word graduate. The naming of degrees eventually became linked with the subjects studied, scholars in the faculties of arts or grammar became known as master, but those in theology, medicine, and law were known as doctor. As study in the arts or in grammar was a prerequisite to study in subjects such as theology, medicine and law. The practice of using the doctor for PhDs developed within German universities. The French terminology is tied closely to the meanings of the terms. The baccalauréat is conferred upon French students who have completed their secondary education
16.
Electroencephalography
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Electroencephalography is an electrophysiological monitoring method to record electrical activity of the brain. It is typically noninvasive, with the electrodes placed along the scalp, EEG measures voltage fluctuations resulting from ionic current within the neurons of the brain. In clinical contexts, EEG refers to the recording of the brains electrical activity over a period of time. Diagnostic applications generally focus on the content of EEG, that is. EEG is most often used to diagnose epilepsy, which causes abnormalities in EEG readings and it is also used to diagnose sleep disorders, coma, encephalopathies, and brain death. Despite limited spatial resolution, EEG continues to be a tool for research and diagnosis. Derivatives of the EEG technique include evoked potentials, which involves averaging the EEG activity time-locked to the presentation of a stimulus of some sort, the history of EEG is detailed by Barbara E. Swartz in Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology. In 1890, Polish physiologist Adolf Beck published an investigation of spontaneous activity of the brain of rabbits. Beck started experiments on the brain activity of animals. Beck placed electrodes directly on the surface of brain to test for sensory stimulation and his observation of fluctuating brain activity led to the conclusion of brain waves. In 1912, Russian physiologist Vladimir Vladimirovich Pravdich-Neminsky published the first animal EEG, in 1914, Napoleon Cybulski and Jelenska-Macieszyna photographed EEG recordings of experimentally induced seizures. German physiologist and psychiatrist Hans Berger recorded the first human EEG in 1924 and his discoveries were first confirmed by British scientists Edgar Douglas Adrian and B. H. C. Matthews in 1934 and developed by them. In 1934, Fisher and Lowenback first demonstrated epileptiform spikes, in 1935 Gibbs, Davis and Lennox described interictal spike waves and the three cycles/s pattern of clinical absence seizures, which began the field of clinical electroencephalography. Subsequently, in 1936 Gibbs and Jasper reported the interictal spike as the signature of epilepsy. The same year, the first EEG laboratory opened at Massachusetts General Hospital, franklin Offner, professor of biophysics at Northwestern University developed a prototype of the EEG that incorporated a piezoelectric inkwriter called a Crystograph. In 1947, The American EEG Society was founded and the first International EEG congress was held, in 1953 Aserinsky and Kleitman described REM sleep. In the 1950s, William Grey Walter developed an adjunct to EEG called EEG topography and this enjoyed a brief period of popularity in the 1980s and seemed especially promising for psychiatry. It was never accepted by neurologists and remains primarily a research tool, a routine clinical EEG recording typically lasts 20–30 minutes and usually involves recording from scalp electrodes
17.
Psychology
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Psychology is the science of behavior and mind, embracing all aspects of conscious and unconscious experience as well as thought. It is a discipline and a social science which seeks to understand individuals and groups by establishing general principles. In this field, a professional practitioner or researcher is called a psychologist and can be classified as a social, behavioral, Psychologists explore behavior and mental processes, including perception, cognition, attention, emotion, intelligence, phenomenology, motivation, brain functioning, and personality. This extends to interaction between people, such as relationships, including psychological resilience, family resilience, and other areas. Psychologists of diverse orientations also consider the unconscious mind, Psychologists employ empirical methods to infer causal and correlational relationships between psychosocial variables. Psychology has been described as a hub science, with psychological findings linking to research and perspectives from the sciences, natural sciences, medicine, humanities. By many accounts psychology ultimately aims to benefit society, the majority of psychologists are involved in some kind of therapeutic role, practicing in clinical, counseling, or school settings. Many do scientific research on a range of topics related to mental processes and behavior. The word psychology derives from Greek roots meaning study of the psyche, the Latin word psychologia was first used by the Croatian humanist and Latinist Marko Marulić in his book, Psichiologia de ratione animae humanae in the late 15th century or early 16th century. In 1890, William James defined psychology as the science of mental life and this definition enjoyed widespread currency for decades. Also since James defined it, the more strongly connotes techniques of scientific experimentation. Folk psychology refers to the understanding of people, as contrasted with that of psychology professionals. The ancient civilizations of Egypt, Greece, China, India, historians note that Greek philosophers, including Thales, Plato, and Aristotle, addressed the workings of the mind. As early as the 4th century BC, Greek physician Hippocrates theorized that mental disorders had physical rather than supernatural causes, in China, psychological understanding grew from the philosophical works of Laozi and Confucius, and later from the doctrines of Buddhism. This body of knowledge involves insights drawn from introspection and observation and it frames the universe as a division of, and interaction between, physical reality and mental reality, with an emphasis on purifying the mind in order to increase virtue and power. Chinese scholarship focused on the advanced in the Qing Dynasty with the work of Western-educated Fang Yizhi, Liu Zhi. Distinctions in types of awareness appear in the ancient thought of India, a central idea of the Upanishads is the distinction between a persons transient mundane self and their eternal unchanging soul. Divergent Hindu doctrines, and Buddhism, have challenged this hierarchy of selves, yoga is a range of techniques used in pursuit of this goal
18.
Chemistry
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Chemistry is a branch of physical science that studies the composition, structure, properties and change of matter. Chemistry is sometimes called the science because it bridges other natural sciences, including physics. For the differences between chemistry and physics see comparison of chemistry and physics, the history of chemistry can be traced to alchemy, which had been practiced for several millennia in various parts of the world. The word chemistry comes from alchemy, which referred to a set of practices that encompassed elements of chemistry, metallurgy, philosophy, astrology, astronomy, mysticism. An alchemist was called a chemist in popular speech, and later the suffix -ry was added to this to describe the art of the chemist as chemistry, the modern word alchemy in turn is derived from the Arabic word al-kīmīā. In origin, the term is borrowed from the Greek χημία or χημεία and this may have Egyptian origins since al-kīmīā is derived from the Greek χημία, which is in turn derived from the word Chemi or Kimi, which is the ancient name of Egypt in Egyptian. Alternately, al-kīmīā may derive from χημεία, meaning cast together, in retrospect, the definition of chemistry has changed over time, as new discoveries and theories add to the functionality of the science. The term chymistry, in the view of noted scientist Robert Boyle in 1661, in 1837, Jean-Baptiste Dumas considered the word chemistry to refer to the science concerned with the laws and effects of molecular forces. More recently, in 1998, Professor Raymond Chang broadened the definition of chemistry to mean the study of matter, early civilizations, such as the Egyptians Babylonians, Indians amassed practical knowledge concerning the arts of metallurgy, pottery and dyes, but didnt develop a systematic theory. Greek atomism dates back to 440 BC, arising in works by such as Democritus and Epicurus. In 50 BC, the Roman philosopher Lucretius expanded upon the theory in his book De rerum natura, unlike modern concepts of science, Greek atomism was purely philosophical in nature, with little concern for empirical observations and no concern for chemical experiments. Work, particularly the development of distillation, continued in the early Byzantine period with the most famous practitioner being the 4th century Greek-Egyptian Zosimos of Panopolis. He formulated Boyles law, rejected the four elements and proposed a mechanistic alternative of atoms. Before his work, though, many important discoveries had been made, the Scottish chemist Joseph Black and the Dutchman J. B. English scientist John Dalton proposed the theory of atoms, that all substances are composed of indivisible atoms of matter. Davy discovered nine new elements including the alkali metals by extracting them from their oxides with electric current, british William Prout first proposed ordering all the elements by their atomic weight as all atoms had a weight that was an exact multiple of the atomic weight of hydrogen. The inert gases, later called the noble gases were discovered by William Ramsay in collaboration with Lord Rayleigh at the end of the century, thereby filling in the basic structure of the table. Organic chemistry was developed by Justus von Liebig and others, following Friedrich Wöhlers synthesis of urea which proved that organisms were, in theory
19.
Metallurgy
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The production of metals involves the processing of ores to extract the metal they contain, and the mixture of metals, sometimes with other elements, to produce alloys. Metallurgy is distinguished from the craft of metalworking, although metalworking relies on metallurgy, as medicine relies on medical science, Metallurgy is subdivided into ferrous metallurgy and non-ferrous metallurgy or colored metallurgy. Ferrous metallurgy involves processes and alloys based on iron while non-ferrous metallurgy involves processes, the production of ferrous metals accounts for 95 percent of world metal production. The roots of metallurgy derive from Ancient Greek, μεταλλουργός, metallourgós, worker in metal, from μέταλλον, métallon, metal + ἔργον, érgon, in the late 19th century it was extended to the more general scientific study of metals, alloys, and related processes. In English, the pronunciation is the more common one in the UK. The /ˈmetələrdʒi/ pronunciation is the common one in the USA. The earliest recorded metal employed by humans appears to be gold, small amounts of natural gold have been found in Spanish caves used during the late Paleolithic period, c.40,000 BC. Silver, copper, tin and meteoric iron can also be found in native form, egyptian weapons made from meteoric iron in about 3000 BC were highly prized as daggers from heaven. Certain metals, notably tin, lead and copper, can be recovered from their ores by simply heating the rocks in a fire or blast furnace, a process known as smelting. The first evidence of this extractive metallurgy dates from the 5th and 6th millennia BC and was found in the sites of Majdanpek, Yarmovac and Plocnik. To date, the earliest evidence of copper smelting is found at the Belovode site, other signs of early metals are found from the third millennium BC in places like Palmela, Los Millares, and Stonehenge. However, the ultimate beginnings cannot be ascertained and new discoveries are both continuous and ongoing. These first metals were single ones or as found, about 3500 BC, it was discovered that by combining copper and tin, a superior metal could be made, an alloy called bronze, representing a major technological shift known as the Bronze Age. The extraction of iron from its ore into a metal is much more difficult than for copper or tin. The process appears to have been invented by the Hittites in about 1200 BC, the secret of extracting and working iron was a key factor in the success of the Philistines. Historical developments in ferrous metallurgy can be found in a variety of past cultures. A 16th century book by Georg Agricola called De re metallica describes the highly developed and complex processes of mining metal ores, metal extraction, Agricola has been described as the father of metallurgy. Extractive metallurgy is the practice of removing valuable metals from an ore, in order to convert a metal oxide or sulphide to a purer metal, the ore must be reduced physically, chemically, or electrolytically
20.
Federal government of the United States
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The Federal Government of the United States is the national government of the United States, a republic in North America, composed of 50 states, one district, Washington, D. C. and several territories. The federal government is composed of three branches, legislative, executive, and judicial, whose powers are vested by the U. S. Constitution in the Congress, the President, and the courts, including the Supreme Court. The powers and duties of these branches are defined by acts of Congress. The full name of the republic is United States of America, no other name appears in the Constitution, and this is the name that appears on money, in treaties, and in legal cases to which it is a party. The terms Government of the United States of America or United States Government are often used in documents to represent the federal government as distinct from the states collectively. In casual conversation or writing, the term Federal Government is often used, the terms Federal and National in government agency or program names generally indicate affiliation with the federal government. Because the seat of government is in Washington, D. C, Washington is commonly used as a metonym for the federal government. The outline of the government of the United States is laid out in the Constitution, the government was formed in 1789, making the United States one of the worlds first, if not the first, modern national constitutional republics. The United States government is based on the principles of federalism and republicanism, some make the case for expansive federal powers while others argue for a more limited role for the central government in relation to individuals, the states or other recognized entities. For example, while the legislative has the power to create law, the President nominates judges to the nations highest judiciary authority, but those nominees must be approved by Congress. The Supreme Court, in its turn, has the power to invalidate as unconstitutional any law passed by the Congress and these and other examples are examined in more detail in the text below. The United States Congress is the branch of the federal government. It is bicameral, comprising the House of Representatives and the Senate, the House currently consists of 435 voting members, each of whom represents a congressional district. The number of each state has in the House is based on each states population as determined in the most recent United States Census. All 435 representatives serve a two-year term, each state receives a minimum of one representative in the House. There is no limit on the number of terms a representative may serve, in addition to the 435 voting members, there are six non-voting members, consisting of five delegates and one resident commissioner. In contrast, the Senate is made up of two senators from each state, regardless of population, there are currently 100 senators, who each serve six-year terms
21.
Rehabilitation (penology)
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Rehabilitation is the re-integration into society of a convicted person and the main objective of modern penal policy, to counter habitual offending, also known as criminal recidivism. This, along with a kitchen and living area “to create a sense of family” among inmates. The prison’s structure is composed of Units A, B and C with Unit A housing those in need of psychiatric or medical attention, the effectiveness of Norway’s methods is evident as they hold the lowest recidivism rate worldwide at less than 30%. The United States Code states that judges shall make imprisonment decisions recognizing that imprisonment is not an appropriate means of promoting correction and rehabilitation. Their efforts were lauded by President Obama who noted these reforms will improve rehabilitation, as established by the Council of Europe committee of ministers, «a crime policy aimed at crime prevention and the social reintegration of offenders should be pursued and developed». A prospect of release is necessary, because human dignity requires that there must be a chance for a prisoner to atone for his offence, the freedom of the individual is inviolable. These rights may only be encroached upon pursuant to a law», per the Italian constitution, «Punishment cannot consist in treatment contrary to human dignity and must aim at rehabilitating the condemned». Criminal recidivism is highly correlated with psychopathy, the psychopath is defined by an uninhibited gratification in criminal, sexual, or aggressive impulses and the inability to learn from past mistakes. Individuals with this disorder gain satisfaction through their behavior and lack remorse for their actions. Findings indicate psychopathic prisoners have a 2.5 time higher probability of being released from jail than undiagnosed ones and it has been shown that punishment and behavior modification techniques do not improve the behavior of a psychopath. Psychopathic individuals have been observed to become more cunning and better able to hide their behaviour. It has been suggested by them that traditional therapeutic approaches actually make psychopaths if not worse, then far more adept at manipulating others and they are generally considered to be not only incurable but also untreatable. Psychopaths also have a distorted sense of the potential consequences of their actions, not only for others. They do not, for example, deeply recognize the risk of being caught, disbelieved or injured as a result of their behaviour
22.
Disguise
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A disguise can be anything which conceals or changes a persons physical appearance, including a wig, glasses, makeup, costume or other items. Camouflage is a type of disguise for people, animals and objects, hats, glasses, changes in hair style or wigs, plastic surgery, and make-up are also used. Disguises can be used by criminals and secret agents seeking to avoid identification, in comic books and films, disguises are often used by superheroes, and in science fiction they may be used by aliens. Dressing up in costumes is a Halloween tradition, in comic books and superhero stories, disguises are used to hide secret identities and keep special powers secret from ordinary people. For example, Superman passes himself off as Clark Kent, sherlock Holmes often disguised himself as someone else to avoid being recognized. In science fiction, aliens often take on an appearance wearing human suits as a disguise. In epic poetry, Odysseus uses the disguise of a beggar to test his familys, Disguise is sometimes used in criminal activity and in spying, and is a common trend in detective fiction and in spy stories. Arsene Lupin is feared in Maurice Leblancs stories because of his ability to disguise himself. The Clay Camel, one of Mandrake the Magicians foes, is considered the Master of the Disguise, because he is able to mimic anyone, impersonator Mask Alter ego Carnival in the Netherlands
23.
Animal training
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Animal training refers to teaching animals specific responses to specific conditions or stimuli. Training may be for such as companionship, detection, protection. The type of training an animal receives will vary depending on the method used. For example, a seeing eye dog will be trained to achieve a different goal than an animal in a circus. In some countries animal trainer certification bodies exist and they do not share consistent goals or requirements, they dont prevent someone from practicing as an animal trainer nor using the title. Similarly, the United States does not require animal trainers to have any specific certification, an animal trainer should consider the natural behaviors of the animal and aim to modify behaviors through a basic system of reward and punishment. Negative reinforcement Occurs when a behavior is followed by the removal of an aversive stimulus, positive punishment Occurs when a behavior is followed by the addition of an aversive stimulus. This causes a decrease in occurrences of behavior in the future, negative punishment Occurs when a behavior is followed by the removal of a stimulus. As a result, the occurrences of the decrease in the future. Behavior analysts emphasize the use of reinforcement for increasing desirable behaviors. If punishment is going to be used to decrease an undesirable behavior, Reinforcement should be provided according to a predetermined schedule. Fixed ratio A specific number of responses occur before a reinforcer is delivered, variable interval Is the first response that is emitted after a set but variable amount of time has elapsed is reinforced. Fixed interval The first response that is emitted after a set time has elapsed is reinforced, there are various methods animal trainers can use to prompt an animal to respond to a stimulus in a specific way. For example, shaping is a process by which successive approximations are rewarded until the desirable response topography is attained, an animal trainer can use conditioned reinforcers, like clickers, to bridge the interval between response and positive reinforcement. Some stimuli that is considered discriminative are signals, targets and cues and they can be used to prompt a response from an animal, and can be changed to other stimuli or faded in magnitude. In order to delay satiation, reinforcer size should be as small as possible, also, the timing of the delivery of a reinforcer is crucial. Initially the interval between response and consequence must be minimal in order for the animal to associate the consequence with the response, other important issues related to this method are, stimulus control motivating operations Desensitization chaining S-deltas discrimination generalization. Certain sub-fields of animal training tend to also have certain philosophies and styles and they can range from entertainment, husbandry behaviors, physical labor or athleticism, habituation to averse stimuli, interaction with other humans, or even research
24.
Cormorant
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Phalacrocoracidae is a family of some 40 species of aquatic birds commonly known as cormorants and shags. Several different classifications of the family have been proposed recently, there is no consistent distinction between cormorants and shags as these appellations have been assigned to different species randomly. Cormorants and shags are medium-to-large birds, with weight in the range of 0. 35–5 kilograms. The majority of species have dark feathers, the bill is long, thin and hooked. Their feet have webbing between all four toes, all species are fish-eaters, catching the prey by diving from the surface. They are excellent divers, and under water they propel themselves with their feet with help from their wings and they have relatively short wings due to their need for economical movement underwater, and consequently have the highest flight costs of any bird. Cormorants nest in colonies around the shore, on trees, islets or cliffs and they are coastal rather than oceanic birds, and some have colonised inland waters – indeed, the original ancestor of cormorants seems to have been a fresh-water bird. They range around the world, except for the central Pacific islands, no consistent distinction exists between cormorants and shags. The names cormorant and shag were originally the names of the two species of the family found in Great Britain, Phalacrocorax carbo and P. aristotelis. Shag refers to the birds crest, which the British forms of the great cormorant lack, as other species were discovered by English-speaking sailors and explorers elsewhere in the world, some were called cormorants and some shags, depending on whether they had crests or not. Sometimes the same species is called a cormorant in one part of the world and a shag in another, e. g. the great cormorant is called the black shag in New Zealand. Van Tets proposed to divide the family into two genera and attach the name cormorant to one and shag to the other, but this flies in the face of common usage and has not been widely adopted. The scientific genus name is Latinised Ancient Greek, from φαλακρός, Cormorant is a contraction derived either directly from Latin corvus marinus, sea raven or through Brythonic Celtic. Cormoran is the Cornish name of the sea giant in the tale of Jack the Giant Killer, indeed, sea raven or analogous terms were the usual terms for cormorants in Germanic languages until after the Middle Ages. Cormorants and shags are medium-to-large seabirds and they range in size from the pygmy cormorant, at as little as 45 cm and 340 g, to the flightless cormorant, at a maximum size 100 cm and 5 kg. The recently extinct spectacled cormorant was rather larger, at a size of 6.3 kg. The majority, including nearly all Northern Hemisphere species, have dark plumage, but some Southern Hemisphere species are black and white. Many species have areas of coloured skin on the face which can be blue, orange, red or yellow
25.
Bomber
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A bomber is a combat aircraft designed to attack ground and sea targets by dropping air-to-ground weaponry, firing torpedoes or deploying air-launched cruise missiles. In 1912, during the First Balkan War, Bulgarian Air Force pilot Christo Toprakchiev suggested the use of aircraft to drop bombs on Turkish positions, captain Simeon Petrov developed the idea and created several prototypes by adapting different types of grenades and increasing their payload. This is deemed to be the first use of an aircraft as a bomber, the first heavier-than-air aircraft purposely designed for bombing were the Italian Caproni Ca 30 and British Bristol T. B.8, both of 1913. The Bristol T. B.8 was an early British single engined biplane built by the Bristol Aeroplane Company, under the command of Charles Rumney Samson, a bombing attack on German gun batteries at Middelkerke, Belgium was executed on 25 November 1914. The dirigible, or airship, was developed in the early 20th century, early airships were prone to disaster, but slowly the airship became more dependable, with a more rigid structure and stronger skin. Prior to the outbreak of war, Zeppelins, a larger and these were the first long range, strategic bombers. Although the German air arm was strong, with a total of 123 airships by the end of the war, they were vulnerable to attack and engine failure, German airships inflicted little damage on all 51 raids, with 557 Britons killed and 1,358 injured. The German Navy lost 53 of its 73 airships, and the German Army lost 26 of its 50 ships, the Caproni Ca 30 was built by Gianni Caproni in Italy. It was a biplane with three 67 kW Gnome rotary engines and first flew in October 1914. Test flights revealed power to be insufficient and the engine layout unworkable, the improved design was bought by the Italian Army and it was delivered in quantity from August 1915. Bombing raids and interdiction operations were carried out by French. Sustained attacks with a view to interrupting the enemys railway communications, in conjunction with the main operations of the Allied Armies. The most important bombers used in World War I were the French Breguet 14, British de Havilland DH-4, German Albatros C. III, the Russian Sikorsky Ilya Muromets, was the first four-engine bomber to equip a dedicated strategic bombing unit during World War I. This heavy bomber was unrivaled in the stages of the war. With engine power as a limitation, combined with the desire for accuracy and other operational factors. By the start of the war included, dive bomber — specially strengthened for vertical diving attacks for greater accuracy. Light bomber, medium bomber and heavy bomber — subjective definitions based on size, torpedo bomber — specialized aircraft armed with torpedoes. Ground attack aircraft — aircraft used against targets on a such as troop or tank concentrations
26.
Sing Sing
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It is located about 30 miles north of New York City on the east bank of the Hudson River. In 1970, the name of the facility was changed to Ossining Correctional Facility but, in 1985, Sing Sing was derived from the name of a Native American Nation, Sinck Sinck, from whom the land was purchased in 1685. Sing Sing prison confines about 1,700 prisoners, there are plans to convert the original 1825 cell block into a time specific museum. The prison property is bisected by the Metro-North Railroads four-track Hudson Line, Sing Sing was the fifth prison built by New York State. The first prison, Newgate Prison, was built in 1797 in Greenwich Village, in 1824, the New York Legislature gave Elam Lynds, warden of Auburn Prison and a former Army captain, the task of constructing a new, more modern prison. The legislature appropriated $20,100 to purchase the 130-acre site, Lynds hand-selected 100 inmates from the Auburn prison for transfer and had them transported by barge via the Erie Canal and down the Hudson River to freighters. On their arrival on May 14, the site was without a place to them or a wall to enclose them, temporary barracks. When it was opened in 1826, Sing Sing was considered a model prison, because it turned a profit for the state, Lynds employed the Auburn system, which imposed absolute silence on the prisoners, the system was enforced by whipping and other brutal punishments. Thomas Mott Osbornes tenure as warden of Sing Sing prison was brief, Osborne arrived in 1914 with a reputation as a radical prison reformer. His report of a week-long incognito stay inside New Yorks Auburn Prison indicted traditional prison administration in merciless detail, Prisoners who had bribed officers and intimidated other inmates lost their privileges under Osbornes regime. One of them conspired with powerful allies to destroy Osbornes reputation, even succeeding in getting him indicted for a variety of crimes. After Osborne triumphed in court, his return to Sing Sing was a cause for celebration by the inmates. Another notable warden was Lewis Lawes and he was offered the position of warden in 1919, accepted in January 1920, and remained for 20 years as Sing Sings warden. While warden, Lawes brought about reforms and turned what was described as an old hellhole into a prison with sports teams, educational programs, new methods of discipline. Several new buildings were constructed during the years Lawes was warden. Lawes retired in 1941 after 21 years as warden and died six years later, in 1943, the old cellblock was finally closed and the metal bars and doors were donated to the war effort. In 1989, the institution was accredited for the first time by the American Correctional Association, today, Sing Sing houses more than 2,000 inmates, with about 1,000 people working there and 5,000 visitors per month. The original 1825 cellblock is no longer used and in 2002 plans were announced to turn this into a museum, in April 2011 there were talks of closing the prison in favor of real estate
27.
Law
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Law is a system of rules that are created and enforced through social or governmental institutions to regulate behavior. Law as a system helps regulate and ensure that a community show respect, private individuals can create legally binding contracts, including arbitration agreements that may elect to accept alternative arbitration to the normal court process. The formation of laws themselves may be influenced by a constitution, written or tacit, the law shapes politics, economics, history and society in various ways and serves as a mediator of relations between people. Islamic Sharia law is the worlds most widely used religious law, the adjudication of the law is generally divided into two main areas referred to as Criminal law and Civil law. Criminal law deals with conduct that is considered harmful to social order, Civil law deals with the resolution of lawsuits between individuals or organizations. Law provides a source of scholarly inquiry into legal history, philosophy, economic analysis. Law also raises important and complex issues concerning equality, fairness, there is an old saying that all are equal before the law, although Jonathan Swift argued that Laws are like cobwebs, which may catch small flies, but let wasps and hornets break through. In 1894, the author Anatole France said sarcastically, In its majestic equality, the law forbids rich and poor alike to sleep under bridges, beg in the streets, and steal loaves of bread. Writing in 350 BC, the Greek philosopher Aristotle declared, The rule of law is better than the rule of any individual, mikhail Bakunin said, All law has for its object to confirm and exalt into a system the exploitation of the workers by a ruling class. Cicero said more law, less justice, marxist doctrine asserts that law will not be required once the state has withered away. Regardless of ones view of the law, it today a completely central institution. Numerous definitions of law have been put forward over the centuries, at the same time, it plays only one part in the congeries of rules which influence behavior, for social and moral rules of a less institutionalized kind are also of great importance. There have been attempts to produce a universally acceptable definition of law. In 1972, one indicated that no such definition could be produced. McCoubrey and White said that the question what is law, glanville Williams said that the meaning of the word law depends on the context in which that word is used. He said that, for example, early customary law and municipal law were contexts where the law had two different and irreconcilable meanings. Thurman Arnold said that it is obvious that it is impossible to define the word law and it is possible to take the view that there is no need to define the word law. The history of law links closely to the development of civilization, Ancient Egyptian law, dating as far back as 3000 BC, contained a civil code that was probably broken into twelve books
28.
Hawaii
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Hawaii is the 50th and most recent state to have joined the United States of America, having received statehood on August 21,1959. Hawaii is the only U. S. state located in Oceania and it is the northernmost island group in Polynesia, occupying most of an archipelago in the central Pacific Ocean. Hawaii is the only U. S. state not located in the Americas, the state encompasses nearly the entire volcanic Hawaiian archipelago, which comprises hundreds of islands spread over 1,500 miles. At the southeastern end of the archipelago, the eight main islands are—in order from northwest to southeast, Niʻihau, Kauaʻi, Oʻahu, Molokaʻi, Lānaʻi, Kahoʻolawe, Maui, and the Island of Hawaiʻi. The last is the largest island in the group, it is called the Big Island or Hawaiʻi Island to avoid confusion with the state or archipelago. The archipelago is physiographically and ethnologically part of the Polynesian subregion of Oceania, Hawaii has over a million permanent residents, along with many visitors and U. S. military personnel. Its capital is Honolulu on the island of Oʻahu, Hawaii is the 8th-smallest and the 11th-least populous, but the 13th-most densely populated of the fifty U. S. states. It is the state with an Asian plurality. The states coastline is about 750 miles long, the fourth longest in the U. S. after the coastlines of Alaska, Florida, the state of Hawaii derives its name from the name of its largest island, Hawaiʻi. A common Hawaiian explanation of the name of Hawaiʻi is that was named for Hawaiʻiloa and he is said to have discovered the islands when they were first settled. The Hawaiian language word Hawaiʻi is very similar to Proto-Polynesian *Sawaiki, cognates of Hawaiʻi are found in other Polynesian languages, including Māori, Rarotongan and Samoan. According to linguists Pukui and Elbert, lsewhere in Polynesia, Hawaiʻi or a cognate is the name of the underworld or of the home, but in Hawaii. A somewhat divisive political issue arose in 1978 when the Constitution of the State of Hawaii added Hawaiian as an official state language. The title of the constitution is The Constitution of the State of Hawaii. Article XV, Section 1 of the Constitution uses The State of Hawaii, diacritics were not used because the document, drafted in 1949, predates the use of the okina and the kahakō in modern Hawaiian orthography. The exact spelling of the name in the Hawaiian language is Hawaiʻi. In the Hawaii Admission Act that granted Hawaiian statehood, the government recognized Hawaii as the official state name. Official government publications, department and office titles, and the Seal of Hawaii use the spelling with no symbols for glottal stops or vowel length
29.
Don Rosa
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Keno Don Hugo Rosa, known simply as Don Rosa, is an American comic book author and illustrator known for his stories about Scrooge McDuck, Donald Duck and other Disney characters. Rosa created about 90 stories between 1987 and 2006, in 1995 he won the Eisner Award for Best Serialized Story for his 12-chapter work The Life and Times of Scrooge McDuck. Don Rosas grandfather, Gioachino Rosa, lived in Maniago, a town at the foot of the Alps in Northern Italy and he emigrated to Kentucky, United States around 1900, established a successful tile and terrazzo company, then returned to Italy to marry and start a family. In 1915 just after the birth of his son Ugo Rosa, Gioachino returned to Kentucky with his wife, Ugo Rosa grew up and was later married in Kentucky. His wife was born to a German American father and a mother with both Scottish and Irish ancestry, Don Rosa was born Keno Don Hugo Rosa on June 29,1951 in Louisville, Kentucky. He was named both his father and grandfather. Gioachino was called Keno for short, dons father was named Ugo Dante Rosa, but used the name Hugo Don Rosa in America. Rosa was exposed to comics at a young age, as his 11-years-older sister was a comics hoarder. Rosa began drawing comics before being able to write and he never tried to draw more than stick figures, because the drawings, for him, were illustrations to get the story told. Only the story was important to him, not the actual drawings and his favorite comic books growing up were Uncle Scrooge by Western Publishing and Little Lulu comics from Dell Comics, and his sisters collection of MAD comics and magazines. Shortly after starting to collect Superman comics he started to trade the collection of his sister for Superman Comics. Since a comic shop in his area traded two old comics for one new, he only had two Duck comics left from his sisters collection by the 1970s, one of them being The Golden Helmet. Rosa entered the University of Kentucky in 1969 and he graduated in 1973 with a Bachelor of Arts degree in civil engineering. In 1969 while still in college, Rosa won an award as best political cartoonist in the nation in a college paper, im not really an editorial cartoonist. Id much rather be doing comedy adventure, but I must have done something right, for at one point The Journal of Higher Education named me one of the five or six best college newspaper cartoonists in the nation. Rosas first published comic was a strip featuring his own character, Lancelot Pertwillaby. He created the strip in 1971 for The Kentucky Kernel, a newspaper of the University of Kentucky. Rosa later switched the strip to comedy-adventure, his style of comics
30.
The Life and Times of Scrooge McDuck
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The stories chronicle the in-universe biography of Scrooge McDuck before his introduction in 1947. The stories were collected and published together in a single volume. Rosa later published stories which expanded on Scrooges biography. These were released as The Life and Times of Scrooge McDuck Companion, the comic also provides information on the backgrounds and origins of many characters related to Scrooge. Don Rosa earned the Will Eisner Award in 1997 for this work, the trade paperback collection was also a top vote-getter for the Comics Buyers Guide Fan Award for Favorite Reprint Graphic Novel/Album for 1997. After being out of print for years with high demand. Studios label in two hardcover volumes. The Finnish composer Tuomas Holopainen released an album based on the book, titled Music Inspired by the Life. Don Rosa illustrated the artwork for the album. Note, Chapters Zero, and all in-between chapters with halves in the numbers are not included in the collection in North America. These chapters were later reprinted in a book published by Gemstone, titled The Life. 1867, Scrooge was born in Glasgow, Scotland to Fergus McDuck and he would have two younger sisters, namely Matilda McDuck and Hortense McDuck. 1877, Scrooge, age 10, goes into business with a kit that Fergus built for him. He keeps the dime he cannot spend as his symbol of success,1880, Scrooge, age 13, emigrates to the United States. He first meets his uncle, Mississippi riverboater Angus Pothole McDuck, and the Beagle Boys,1882, His uncle retires and leaves his riverboat, named Dilly Dollar, to Scrooge, now 15 years old. The Beagle Boys destroy the riverboat in an act of revenge, Scrooge decides to try his luck in the American West and later in the year gets hired as a cowboy by cattle baron Murdo MacKenzie. 1883, Scrooge, age 16, becomes a miner searching for silver and copper,1885, Scrooges father calls his son back to Scotland on an important family matter. Just a week before he leaves he meets and befriends the millionaire Howard Rockerduck and he also meets Howards seven-year-old spoiled son John D. Rockerduck, who will grow up to become one of Scrooges main rivals
31.
Mississippi River
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The Mississippi River is the chief river of the largest drainage system on the North American continent. Flowing entirely in the United States, it rises in northern Minnesota, with its many tributaries, the Mississippis watershed drains all or parts of 31 U. S. states and 2 Canadian provinces between the Rocky and Appalachian Mountains. The Mississippi ranks as the fourth longest and fifteenth largest river in the world by discharge, the river either borders or passes through the states of Minnesota, Wisconsin, Iowa, Illinois, Missouri, Kentucky, Tennessee, Arkansas, Mississippi, and Louisiana. Native Americans long lived along the Mississippi River and its tributaries, most were hunter-gatherers, but some, such as the Mound Builders, formed prolific agricultural societies. The arrival of Europeans in the 16th century changed the way of life as first explorers, then settlers. The river served first as a barrier, forming borders for New Spain, New France, and the early United States, and then as a vital transportation artery and communications link. Formed from thick layers of the silt deposits, the Mississippi embayment is one of the most fertile agricultural regions of the country. In recent years, the river has shown a shift towards the Atchafalaya River channel in the Delta. The word itself comes from Messipi, the French rendering of the Anishinaabe name for the river, see below in the History section for additional information. In addition to historical traditions shown by names, there are at least two measures of a rivers identity, one being the largest branch, and the other being the longest branch. Using the largest-branch criterion, the Ohio would be the branch of the Lower Mississippi. Using the longest-branch criterion, the Middle Mississippi-Missouri-Jefferson-Beaverhead-Red Rock-Hellroaring Creek River would be the main branch and its length of at least 3,745 mi is exceeded only by the Nile, the Amazon, and perhaps the Yangtze River among the longest rivers in the world. The source of this waterway is at Browers Spring,8,800 feet above sea level in southwestern Montana and this is exemplified by the Gateway Arch in St. Louis and the phrase Trans-Mississippi as used in the name of the Trans-Mississippi Exposition. It is common to qualify a regionally superlative landmark in relation to it, the New Madrid Seismic Zone along the river is also noteworthy. These various basic geographical aspects of the river in turn underlie its human history and present uses of the waterway, the Upper Mississippi runs from its headwaters to its confluence with the Missouri River at St. Louis, Missouri. The source of the Upper Mississippi branch is traditionally accepted as Lake Itasca,1,475 feet above sea level in Itasca State Park in Clearwater County, however, the lake is in turn fed by a number of smaller streams. From its origin at Lake Itasca to St. Louis, Missouri, fourteen of these dams are located above Minneapolis in the headwaters region and serve multiple purposes, including power generation and recreation. The remaining 29 dams, beginning in downtown Minneapolis, all locks and were constructed to improve commercial navigation of the upper river
32.
Riverboat
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A riverboat is a watercraft designed for inland navigation on lakes, rivers, and artificial waterways. They can thus be built from composite materials. They are limited in size by width and depth of the river as well as the height of bridges spanning the river and they can be designed with shallow drafts, as were the paddle wheel steamers on the Mississippi River that could operate in water under two metres deep. While a ferry is used to cross a river, a riverboat is used to travel along the course of the river, while carrying passengers and cargo. The significance of riverboats is dependent on the number of rivers and channels as well as the condition of the road. Generally speaking, riverboats provide slow but cheap transport especially suited for bulk cargo, as early as 20,000 BC people started fishing in rivers and lakes using rafts and dugouts. Roman sources dated 50 BC mention extensive transportation of goods and people on the river Rhine, upstream, boats were usually powered by sails or oars. In the Middle Ages, towpaths were built along most waterways to use working animals or people to pull riverboats, in the 19th century, steamboats became common. The most famous riverboats were on the rivers of the midwestern and central southern United States, on the Mississippi, Ohio, out west, riverboats were common transportation on the Colorado, Columbia, and Sacramento rivers. These American riverboats were designed to very little water. Australia has a history of riverboats, australias biggest river, the Murray, has an inland port called Echuca. Many large riverboats were working on the Murray, but now a water level is stopping them. The Kalgan River in Western Australia is one of the oldest rivers in the world, the Silver Star,1918 to 1935, would lower her funnel to get under the low bridge. Today, the Kalgan Queen riverboat takes tourists up the river to taste the local wines and she lowers her roof to get under the same bridge. This type of propulsion was an advantage as a rear paddlewheel operates in a clear of snags, is easily repaired. By burning wood, the boat could consume fuel provided by woodcutters along the shore of the river and these early boats carried a brow on the bow, so they could head in to an unimproved shore for transfer of cargo and passengers. Modern riverboats are generally screw -driven, with pairs of engines of several thousand horsepower. The standard reference for the development of the steamboat is Steamboats on Western Rivers, An Economic, many of the riverboats shown below were operating on the Yangtze River
33.
Huey, Dewey, and Louie
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Huey, Dewey, and Louie Duck are triplet cartoon characters created in 1937 by writer Ted Osborne and cartoonist Al Taliaferro, and are owned by The Walt Disney Company. Huey, Dewey, and Louie are the nephews of Donald Duck, like their uncles, the boys are anthropomorphic white ducks with yellow-orange beaks and feet. They typically wear shirts and colorful baseball caps, which are used to differentiate each character. Huey, Dewey and Louie have made several animated appearances in films and television, but comics remain their primary medium. The trio are collectively the 11th most published comic book characters in the world, while the boys were originally created as mischief-makers to provoke Donalds famous temper, later appearances showed them to be valuable assets to him and Scrooge on their adventures. All three of the boys are members of the scouting organization the Junior Woodchucks. Huey, Dewey, and Louie were the idea of Al Taliaferro, the artist for the Silly Symphonies comic strip, which featured Donald Duck. The Walt Disney Productions Story Dept. on February 5,1937, sent Taliaferro a memo recognizing him as the source of the idea for the planned short, Donalds Nephews. The nephews debuted in Taliaferros comic strip, which by this time had been renamed Donald Duck, on Sunday, October 17,1937, beating the theatrical release of Donalds Nephews by almost six months. The names were devised by Disney gag man Dana Coty, who took them from Huey Long, Thomas Dewey, and Louis Schmitt, an animator at the Disney Studio in the 1930s and 1940s. Taliaferros introduction of the nephews emulated the three nephews in the Happy Hooligan comic strip and was influenced by Mickey Mouses nephews, Morty. According to a published Duck family tree, their names are Huebert, Deuteronomy. In both the comics and animated shorts, the parents were never heard from or mentioned again after these instances. All four of them live in the city of Duckburg. The three ducklings are noted for their appearances and personalities. A running joke involves the three sometimes even finishing each others sentences, in the theatrical shorts, Huey, Dewey, and Louie often behave in a rambunctious and mischievous manner, and they sometimes commit retaliation or revenge on their uncle Donald Duck. According to Don Rosa, Huey, Dewey and Louie became members of the Junior Woodchucks when they were around 11 years old, in early comic books and shorts, the caps of Huey, Dewey, and Louie were colored randomly, depending on the whim of the colorist. On few occasions until 1945 and most every cartoon short afterward and it wasnt until the 1980s when it became established that Huey is dressed in red, Dewey in blue, and Louie in green
34.
The Beagle Boys vs. the Money Bin
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The Beagle Boys vs. the Money Bin is a 2001 Donald Duck comic by Don Rosa. Rosas inspiration for it was mostly to get a chance to demonstrate the Money Bin. The Beagle Boys visit their grandfather, Blackheart Beagle, in prison to celebrate his birthday, Blackheart uses this chance to inform his grandsons of having found an original blueprint of the Money Bin, showing a secret passageway to Scrooge McDucks money. Blackheart remains in prison, but his grandsons are free to try out the plan, while Scrooge is away, the Beagle Boys sneak into the Money Bin using Blackhearts plan. After an extremely long and stressing work day, Scrooge comes home late in the evening and he waves good night to a painting of Glittering Goldie, the woman he fell in love with in his youth but failed to ever form a relationship with, and goes to bed. In his tired stupor, he mistakes a Beagle Boy for a lamp and he later realises his mistake and calls the police, who arrest the Beagle Boys. Back in prison, Blackheart Beagle hears of this, and curses his grandsons for losing a fight to the Money Bin itself and this story was created to celebrate the 50th anniversary of The Beagle Boys and The Money Bin. One of The Beagle Boys mentions that the Candy Striped Ruby will be theirs and that is a reference to The Status Seeker where they steal the Candy Striped Ruby from Scrooge. One of the Beagles reads a Duck Tales comic when he is in the bathroom despite the fact that Duck Tales doesnt exist in the Duck Universe. The plans for the Money Bin found in the office are signed K. D. Rosa. The Beagle Boys vs. the Money Bin at the INDUCKS
35.
Bribery
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Bribery is the act of giving money, goods or other forms of recompense to a recipient in exchange for an alteration of their behavior that the recipient would otherwise not alter. Gifts of money or other items of value which are available to everyone on an equivalent basis. Offering a discount or a refund to all purchasers is a rebate and is not bribery. Giving the rebate to influence them to look favorably on the utilitys rate increase applications, however. The bribe is the gift bestowed to influence the recipients conduct, in economics, the bribe has been described as rent. Bribery in bureaucracy has been viewed as a reason for the higher cost of production of goods, one must be careful of differing social and cultural norms when examining bribery. Expectations of when a transaction is appropriate can differ from place to place. Tipping, for example, is considered bribery in some societies, in some Spanish-speaking countries, bribes are referred to as mordida. In Arab countries, bribes may be called baksheesh or shay, french-speaking countries often use the expressions dessous-de-table, pot-de-vin, or commission occulte. While the last two expressions contain inherently a negative connotation, the expression dessous-de-table can be understood as a commonly accepted business practice. In German, the term is Schmiergeld. The forms that bribery take are numerous, for example, a motorist might bribe a police officer not to issue a ticket for speeding, a citizen seeking paperwork or utility line connections might bribe a functionary for faster service. Bribery may also take the form of a commission, a profit made by an agent, in the course of his employment. Euphemisms abound for this Bribers and recipients of bribery are likewise numerous although bribers have one common denominator, Bribery around the world is estimated at about $1 trillion. The reason for this dissociation is to make the steps of a corrupt deal already an offence and, thus. Besides, such a dissociation makes the prosecution of bribery offences easier since it can be difficult to prove that two parties have formally agreed upon a corrupt deal. A grey area may exist when payments to smooth transactions are made, in some countries, this practice is the norm, often resulting from a developing nation not having the tax structure to pay civil servants an adequate salary. Nevertheless, most economists regard bribery as a bad thing because it encourages rent seeking behaviour, a state where bribery has become a way of life is a kleptocracy
36.
Murder, Inc.
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The groups were largely composed of Italian-American and Jewish gangsters from the Brooklyn neighborhoods of Brownsville, East New York, and Ocean Hill. In the trials that followed, many members were convicted and executed, Thomas E. Dewey first came to prominence as a prosecutor of Murder, Inc. and other organized crime cases. The Bugs and Meyer Mob was the predecessor to Murder, Incorporated, the gang was founded by New York Jewish American mobsters Meyer Lansky and Benjamin Siegel in the early 1920s. After the Castellammarese War and the assassination of U. S, mafia boss Salvatore Maranzano, Italian mafioso Charles Lucky Luciano created the Commission. Soon after, Siegel and Lansky disbanded the Bugs and Meyer gang and formed Murder, most of the killers were Italian and Jewish gangsters from the gangs of the Brooklyn neighborhoods of Brownsville, East New York, and Ocean Hill. Though the group had a number of members, Harry Pittsburgh Phil Strauss was the most prolific killer, the killers were paid a regular salary as retainer as well as an average fee of $1,000 to $5,000 per killing. Their families also received monetary benefits, if the killers were caught, the mob would hire the best lawyers for their defense. Murder, Inc. was established after the formation of the commission of the National Crime Syndicate, Buchalter, in particular, and Joe Adonis occasionally, gave the outfit its orders from the board of directors of the syndicate. Albert The Mad Hatter Anastasia was the operating head, or Lord High Executioner. In 1932 Abe Wagner informed on the syndicate to the police. He fled to Saint Paul, Minnesota, and adopted a disguise to evade possible pursuit, two killers, George Young and Joseph Schafer, found and shot him but were later apprehended. Bugsy Siegel failed to get them released, in the 1930s Buchalter used Murder, Inc. to murder witnesses and suspected informants when he was investigated by crusading prosecutor Thomas Dewey. In one case on May 11,1937, four killers hacked loan shark George Rudnick to pieces on the suspicion he was an informant. On October 1,1937, they shot and seriously wounded Buchalters ex-associate Max Rubin, Rubin had disobeyed Buchalters orders to leave town and disappear in order to avoid being summoned as a witness against Buchalter. Three alleged victims of Murder, Inc. in 1935 were Morris Kessler and brothers Louis, probably their most well known victim was Dutch Schultz, who had openly defied the syndicate. In October 1935, Schultz insisted on putting a hit on Dewey and they feared that Deweys murder would incite public outrage and result in an even greater campaign to shut down the rackets. Schultz vowed that he would ignore the decision and kill Dewey himself. The board decided they needed to act immediately to kill Schultz before he killed Dewey, therefore, in an ironic twist Buchalter actually saved Deweys life, which allowed Dewey to continue his efforts to bring down Buchalter
37.
Business
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A business is an organizational entity involved in the provision of goods and services to consumers. Businesses may also be social non-profit enterprises or state-owned public enterprises operated by governments with specific social, a business owned by multiple private individuals may form as an incorporated company or jointly organise as a partnership. Countries have different laws that may ascribe different rights to the business entities. The word business can refer to an organization or to an entire market sector or to the sum of all economic activity. Compound forms such as agribusiness represent subsets of the broader meaning. Businesses aim to maximize sales to have their income exceed their expenditures, resulting in a profit, the owner operates the business alone and may hire employees. A sole proprietor has unlimited liability for all obligations incurred by the business, partnership, A partnership is a business owned by two or more people. In most forms of partnerships, each partner has unlimited liability for the debts incurred by the business, the three most prevalent types of for-profit partnerships are, general partnerships, limited partnerships, and limited liability partnerships. Corporation, The owners of a corporation have limited liability and the business has a legal personality from its owners. Corporations can be either government-owned or privately owned and they can organize either for profit or as nonprofit organizations. A privately owned, for-profit corporation is owned by its shareholders, a privately owned, for-profit corporation can be either privately held by a small group of individuals, or publicly held, with publicly traded shares listed on a stock exchange. Cooperative, Often referred to as a co-op, a cooperative is a limited-liability business that can organize as for-profit or not-for-profit, a cooperative differs from a corporation in that it has members, not shareholders, and they share decision-making authority. Cooperatives are typically classified as either consumer cooperatives or worker cooperatives, cooperatives are fundamental to the ideology of economic democracy. In contrast, unincorporated businesses or persons working on their own are not as protected. Franchises, A franchise is a system in which entrepreneurs purchase the rights to open, franchising in the United States is widespread and is a major economic powerhouse. One out of retail businesses in the United States are franchised and 8 million people are employed in a franchised business. Real estate businesses sell, invest, construct and develop properties – including land, residential homes, retailers, wholesalers, and distributors act as middlemen and get goods produced by manufacturers to the intended consumers, they make their profits by marking up their prices. Most stores and catalog companies are distributors or retailers, transportation businesses such as railways, airlines, shipping companies that deliver goods and individuals to their destinations for a fee
38.
Magica De Spell
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Magica De Spell is a fictional character of the Scrooge McDuck universe, a sorceress created by Carl Barks. She constantly steals or attempts to steal Scrooge McDucks Number One Dime, the Sorceress first appeared in The Midas Touch, first published in December,1961. According to Barks, he intended to create her as another recurring antagonist for Scrooge, in addition to The Beagle Boys and Flintheart Glomgold. But in contrast to Witch Hazel from Trick or Treat, first released on October 10,1952 and he wanted to create a youthful and attractive enchantress, so he took inspiration for her look from Italian actresses Gina Lollobrigida and Sophia Loren. He also wanted her to be seductive, amoral, and somewhat threatening, in a later interview, Barks identified a similar figure from the comic strips of Charles Addams as another source of inspiration for Magica, namely Morticia Addams of The Addams Family. Her primary motivation is to steal Uncle Scrooges Number One Dime and melt it in the fires of the volcano to turn it into a magical amulet. She sometimes teams up with The Beagle Boys and she also has a raven named Ratface in the comics. There is also Witch Child and Warlock, the daughter and son, respectively, of the Wicked Witch of the West, Witch Child and Warlock are mischievous little magically endowed children who are sometimes playmates and/or thorns in the side of Huey, Dewey and Louie. Besides Child, Magica has another niece called Minima De Spell, Magica already appeared with apprentices in the comics. Samson Hex, a bungling no-hoper, and Witch Matilda, who is cousin of her. Theres also Rosalio, a goose, who claims to be her fiancé. He is supported in this by a grandmother of Magica created in Italian comics called Caraldina, Magica has an odd relationship with Scrooge, sometimes even manifesting itself in mutual attraction. In fact, in the DuckTales episode Till Nephews Do we Part she, sometimes Magica antagonizes Donald Duck and his nephews when they are not with Scrooge. She has also antagonized Gyro Gearloose, Gladstone Gander, Daisy Duck, Magica was also a semi-regular on the animated television show DuckTales, where she was voiced by June Foray. Magica appears mostly in first season episodes of the show and her only appearance in the second season is in the episode The Unbreakable Bin. Scrooge exclaims, One thing about Magica--she always knew how to make an exit, on more than one occasion her plan to obtain Scrooges dime backfires so spectacularly that she is forced to work with Scrooge to prevent greater disaster. According to the show, her brother is Poe De Spell, Poe replaces Ratface from the comics. A similar reference had already established in the German versions of Magica comics
39.
A Little Something Special
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A Little Something Special is a comic book story created by Don Rosa to celebrate the 50th anniversary of Scrooge McDucks first appearance in Carl Barkss Christmas on Bear Mountain in 1947. Scrooge is informed that next week, Duckburg is celebrating the 50th anniversary of when he first arrived there, Donald Duck then tells him that the Golden Jubilee celebration includes a contest to find the best suggestion for the perfect gift for Scrooge for a million dollar prize. Scrooge is not at all keen on the idea, and refuses to admit to Donald or Huey, Dewey, meanwhile, Magica De Spell uses money from the same supplier to purchase a projecto-gem, a transmutation wand, and some global-transport dust. At the day of the Golden Jubilee, Scrooge reluctantly takes part, shortly, Donald gets a visit from the Beagle Boys disguised as his family members and grows suspicious of them. Down at the festival, Huey notices that the host is actually Glomgold in disguise and tells it to Scrooge and he and the boys rush back to the Bin and collide with Magica interrupting her magic and breaking her transmutation, which wears off the Beagles Boys disguises. One of the Beagles then steals the security grid key from Miss Quackfaster, allowing them to use the invention they had Gyro build to tear open the Money Bin, immediately following this, the villains all escape into the suction machine themselves, with Scrooge following behind. Down below, Scrooge finds himself in the remains of the original Duckburg and he soon finds the villains celebrating their success in Coots Emporium along with the mastermind behind the scheme, Blackheart Beagle. The Beagles continue loading the cash onto their train and leave Magica to guard Scrooge, Scrooge finds old telephone lines he had installed 47 years ago, and starts kicking at them in morse code. Recognising Coots Emporium as her fathers store, Grandma Duck leads them there. Back underground, Magica gloats to Scrooge that she now has the Number One Dime, but Scrooge tells her her plan is flawed no that he no longer rich and offers a suggestion in return for his dime. Soon after, as Blackheart starts gloating to Scrooge himself, Donald, Blackheart flees, escaping on the bike saucer that his grandsons bought from Gyro. Leaving Donald and the boys behind to disarm Blackhearts explosives, Scrooge snags onto Blackhearts escape vehicle, Blackheart finally pushes the button on his detonator, but by this time, Donald has disarmed the bomb, rendering it useless. Elsewhere, the other villains out of the sewers. Magica then transports herself and the Beagle Boys to the Valley of the Limpopo, goldie says she was brought here to give Scrooge a little something. Special and then gives him a kiss, which he initially doesnt seem to like. As soon as she leaves, though, Scrooge sighs happily to himself, a Little Something Special at the INDUCKS
40.
Flintheart Glomgold
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Flintheart Glomgold is a fictional character in Disney comic books, created by Carl Barks in 1956. In Don Rosas The Life and Times of Scrooge McDuck he is said to be a Boer, Glomgold was originally created in 1956 by Scrooge McDuck artist and creator Carl Barks, the creator of much of the Duck universe. Glomgold first appeared in The Second-Richest Duck, first published in September 1956, in this story, Scrooge, who holds the title of the Richest Duck in the World, learns that a businessman from South Africa has also claimed this title. Scrooge decides to confront this claimant to his title and travels to South Africa along with his nephew Donald and his great-nephews Huey, Dewey and Louie Duck. The rest of the story concentrates on comparing and contrasting the two rivals during a race through The Heart of Africa, by seeing who has the largest ball of string, the race is supposed to determine which one of them deserves the title. Their main difference seems to be their way of life, while Scrooge has his nephews helping him or advising him, Flintheart faces every situation alone. This appears to have hardened him—he is considerably more ruthless than Scrooge—but also leaves him vulnerable to being outnumbered by his rivals. The solitary South African re-appeared to challenge Scrooge to a rematch in The Money Champ and this time the confrontation takes place in Scrooges grounds in Duckburg with the citys population witnessing the event. This time they only count their wealth in cash and not their investments and have to much of their fortunes. Flintheart uses a number of dirty plots against Scrooge but his plans backfire when their cost in money also costs Flintheart his chance at victory, Barks would use Flintheart for a third and last time in So Far and no Safari, first published in January 1966. This was one of the last stories Barks created before his retirement, the themes of this story are considerably darker than the two previous ones. Flinthearts intentions towards Scrooge are clearly depicted as murderous, the story starts with Scrooge planning to participate in an auction for an old South African gold mine. It is considered exhausted but Scrooges mechanics believe that the vein of gold hasnt even been reached. While Scrooge is piloting his plane over South Africa, with Donald, Huey, Dewey and Louie as passengers. It is equipped with guns and he proceeds to shoot down Scrooge. While Scrooge is still trying to reach the auction Flintheart repeatedly tries to get rid of him, when Scrooge manages to reach the Kalahari Desert, Flinthearts plane is revealed to be a bomber as well. Flintheart proceeds to bombard the area where Scrooge and his nephews are, when he returns for a second bomb run, the Ducks have dressed some rocks with their clothing and have taken cover elsewhere. Flintheart mistakes the rocks for his targets and proceeds to destroy them, as he comments, his rivals are now dinner for the jackals
41.
Trade union
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The trade union, through its leadership, bargains with the employer on behalf of union members and negotiates labour contracts with employers. The most common purpose of these associations or unions is maintaining or improving the conditions of their employment and this may include the negotiation of wages, work rules, complaint procedures, rules governing hiring, firing and promotion of workers, benefits, workplace safety and policies. Unions may organize a section of skilled workers, a cross-section of workers from various trades. The agreements negotiated by a union are binding on the rank and file members, originating in Great Britain, trade unions became popular in many countries during the Industrial Revolution. Trade unions may be composed of workers, professionals, past workers, students. Trade union density, or the percentage of workers belonging to a union, is highest in the Nordic countries. The trade unions aim at nothing less than to prevent the reduction of wages below the level that is maintained in the various branches of industry. That is to say, they wish to prevent the price of labour-power from falling below its value, yet historian R. A. the other the aggressive-expansionist drive to unite all labouring men and women for a different order of things. The 18th century economist Adam Smith noted the imbalance in the rights of workers in regards to owners. In The Wealth of Nations, Book I, chapter 8, Smith wrote, We rarely hear, it has said, of the combination of masters. But whoever imagines, upon this account, that masters rarely combine, is as ignorant of the world as of the subject. Masters are always and everywhere in a sort of tacit, but constant and uniform combination, not to raise the wages of labor above their actual rate When workers combine, masters. As Smith noted, unions were illegal for many years in most countries, there were severe penalties for attempting to organize unions, up to and including execution. This pool of unskilled and semi-skilled labour spontaneously organized in fits and starts throughout its beginnings, Trade unions and collective bargaining were outlawed from no later than the middle of the 14th century when the Ordinance of Labourers was enacted in the Kingdom of England. In 1799, the Combination Act was passed, which banned trade unions, although the unions were subject to often severe repression until 1824, they were already widespread in cities such as London. Sympathy for the plight of the workers brought repeal of the acts in 1824, by the 1810s, the first labour organizations to bring together workers of divergent occupations were formed. Possibly the first such union was the General Union of Trades, also known as the Philanthropic Society, the latter name was to hide the organizations real purpose in a time when trade unions were still illegal. The Association quickly enrolled approximately 150 unions, consisting mostly of textile related unions, but also including mechanics, blacksmiths, and various others
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Gold Key Comics
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Gold Key Comics was an imprint of Western Publishing created for comic books distributed to newsstands. Also known as Whitman Comics, Gold Key operated from 1962 to 1984, within a year they had reverted to using inked panel borders and oval balloons. In 1967, Gold Key reprinted a number of selected issues of their comics under the title Top Comics which were sold in bags containing five comics at gas stations. Like Dell, Gold Key was one of the few major American publishers of comic books never to display the Comics Code Authority seal on its covers. Gold Key featured a number of licensed properties and several titles, including a number of publications that spun off from Dells Four Color series. It was also the first company to publish books based upon Star Trek. Therefore, it simplified the procedure to do the first issue as an adaptation and they couldnt very well complain that a plot taken from the show was inappropriate. The stable of writers and artists built up by Western Publishing during the Dell Comics era mostly continued into the Gold Key era, in the mid-1960s a number of artists were recruited by the newly formed Disney Studio Program and thereafter divided their output between the Disney Program and Western. Writer/artist Russ Manning and editor Chase Craig launched the Magnus, Robot Fighter series in 1963, dan Spiegle worked on Space Family Robinson, The Green Hornet, The Invaders, Korak, Son of Tarzan, Brothers of the Spear, and many of Gold Keys mystery/occult titles. Glut created and wrote several series including The Occult Files of Dr. Spektor, Dagar the Invincible, and Tragg, also in the 1970s, writer Bob Gregory started drawing stories, mostly for Daisy and Donald. Artist/writer Frank Miller had his first published comic book artwork in The Twilight Zone for Gold Key in 1978. Diana Gabaldon began her writing for Gold Key, initially sending a query that stated I’ve been reading your comics for the last 25 years. I’m not sure if I could do better myself, but I’d like to try, editor Del Connell provided a script sample and bought her second submission. Among the comics he wrote for were The Flintstones, Uncle Scrooge, Daffy Duck, Bugs Bunny, The Three Stooges, and Woody Woodpecker. One of Gold Keys editors at the time told Mark Evanier, Leo writes stories and he tells us that if they come out good, they go to us and if they dont, they go to DC. I assume he tells DC the opposite, editor Frank Tedeschi, who left in 1973 for a job in book publishing, helped bring in such new comics professionals as Walt Simonson, Gerry Boudreau, and John David Warner. The comics industry experienced a downswing in the 1970s and Gold Key was among the hardest hit and it is also alleged by Carmine Infantino that in the mid-to-late 1960s DC Comics attempted to pressure Gold Key from the comics business through sheer weight of output. In this period, Gold Key experimented with digests with some success, Western, at one point, also distributed bagged comics from its rival DC Comics under the Whitman logo
43.
DuckTales
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DuckTales is an American animated television series produced by Walt Disney Television Animation. It premiered on September 18,1987 and ended on November 28,1990 with a total of four seasons and 100 episodes. An animated theatrical film based on the series, DuckTales the Movie. The voice cast from the series reprised their roles for the film, DuckTales is based on Uncle Scrooge and other Duck universe comic books, created by Carl Barks. The show follows the adventures of Scrooge McDuck and his three grandnephews, Huey, Dewey, and Louie, the most notable antagonists in the series are the Beagle Boys, the witch Magica De Spell, and the industrialist Flintheart Glomgold. In a typical story, the villains are after McDucks fortune or his Number One Dime, although some stories are original or based on Barks comic book series, others are pastiches on classical stories or legends, including characters based on either fictional or historical persons. The series is known for its references to popular culture, including Shakespeare, Jack the Ripper, Greek mythology, James Bond, Indiana Jones. One of the characters created for DuckTales, Launchpad McQuack, later became a character in the series Darkwing Duck. The popular theme song for DuckTales was written by Mark Mueller, on February 25,2015, Disney XD announced it would be reviving the series for a 2017 premiere. The show features the adventures of Scrooge McDuck and his great-nephews, the nephews, who were originally living with their uncle Donald, are left in Scrooges care when Donald joins the U. S. Navy. Though Scrooge is the richest duck in the world, he tries to find ways to increase his wealth. Many episodes involve protecting his wealth from villains who want to rob Scrooge of all his money, the prominent recurring antagonists in the show include the Beagle Boys and Magica De Spell who are always finding ways to rob and swindle Scrooge and his nephews. Scrooges nemesis in the show is Flintheart Glomgold, the second-richest duck in the world, a few of the stories also surround Scrooges Number One Dime, the first money Scrooge ever earned, which Scrooge considers to be the source of his good luck and wealth. Scrooge keeps the dime in a jar in his money vault. The shows second season saw the addition of characters Fenton Crackshell, along with them came stories that generally shifted away from the globetrotting plots of the first season, and revolved primarily in the contemporary setting of Duckburg. Episodes would feature either Bubba or Fenton but rarely both, although Scrooge and his nephews were the shows main characters, some episodes focused on other characters like Launchpad or Gyro. Some members of Scrooges extended family, like Gladstone Gander who had good luck, were also seen in the series. A world broadcast premiere television movie first aired during the weekend of September 18–20,1987, since then, it has been shown in the series regular rotation as a five-part serial
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Tony Strobl
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Anthony Joseph Strobl was an American comics artist and animator. He was born in Cleveland, Ohio and attended Cleveland School of Art from 1933–37, with Jerry Siegel and Joe Shuster, who actually got some help from Strobl creating Superman. Gerard Jones in his book Men of Tomorrow reveals at one point Jerry Siegel contemplated ending his partnership with Joe Shuster in developing what became Superman, Strobl was among those approached but he respectfully declined, feeling his more cartoony artstyle was ill suited for such a serious character. After finishing his education, Strobl became impressed enough by Snow White, after a refusal, he eventually was hired in 1938. He worked as an animator on Fantasia, Dumbo, and Pinocchio before he left the studio to fight in World War II, in 1942, Strobl saved a seven-year-old girl from drowning while working for an Army propaganda unit. He returned to animation after the war, but moved over to the comics field, at Western, he illustrated primarily Disney comics, especially from the Duck universe. Starting with a Bucky Bug story for Walt Disneys Comics and Stories #100 in 1949, Strobl had a long and he did comic book stories for Western until 1968, and for the Disney Studio Program from 1963 to his retirement in 1987. Although during his career he illustrated stories written by others. Besides, four peculiar cousins of Scrooge had spotlighted appearances in four comic stories drawn by Strobl. Wee Angus McDuck, Cyril McDuck, Lurch McDuck, and Rufus Fuddleduck, Strobl also illustrated some stories written by Carl Barks after the latters 1966 retirement. The most significant of these ones are King Scrooge the First, in addition to Disney, Strobl illustrated comics with several other characters, such as Bugs Bunny and Woody Woodpecker. Strobl died in Ohio in 1991, in the Hall of Fame series of hardcover books devoted to the greatest Duck comics artists, published in Norwegian, Danish and Swedish by Egmont, Volume 15 is dedicated to Strobls work. Anyway, he affirmed that he never felt himself overshadowed by Carl Barkss popularity, Strobl also revealed in this same interview his admiration for the works of Carl Barks, Jack Bradbury and Ralph Heimdahl. Tony Strobl at the INDUCKS Heres the classic Donald Duck of Tony Strobl, a lengthy essay
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