1.
Masculinity
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Masculinity is a set of attributes, behaviors and roles generally associated with boys and men. Masculinity is made up of both socially-defined and biologically-created factors, distinct from the definition of the biological sex. Both males and females can exhibit masculine traits and behavior and those exhibiting both masculine and feminine characteristics are considered androgynous, and feminist philosophers have argued that gender ambiguity may blur gender classification. Masculine traits include courage, independence and assertiveness and these traits vary by location and context, and are influenced by social and cultural factors. An overemphasis on masculinity and power, often associated with a disregard for consequences, masculine qualities, characteristics or roles are considered typical of, or appropriate for, a boy or man. They have degrees of comparison, more masculine and most masculine, the concept of masculinity varies historically and culturally, although the dandy was seen as a 19th-century ideal of masculinity, he is considered effeminate by modern standards. Masculine norms, as described in Ronald F and these norms reinforce gender roles by associating attributes and characteristics with one gender. The academic study of masculinity received increased attention during the late 1980s and early 1990s and this has sparked investigation of the intersection of masculinity with other axes of social discrimination and concepts from other fields, such as the social construction of gender difference. In many cultures, displaying characteristics not typical of ones gender may be a social problem, in sociology, this labeling is known as gender assumptions and is part of socialization to meet the mores of a society. Non-standard behavior may be considered indicative of homosexuality, despite the fact that expression, gender identity. When sexuality is defined in terms of choice, male homosexuality is interpreted as effeminacy. Social disapproval of excessive masculinity may be expressed as machismo or by such as testosterone poisoning. The relative importance of socialization and genetics in the development of masculinity is debated, the historical development of gender roles is addressed by behavioural genetics, evolutionary psychology, human ecology, anthropology and sociology. All human cultures seem to encourage gender roles in literature, costume and song, examples may include the epics of Homer, the Hengist and Horsa tales, more specialized treatments of masculinity may be found in the Bhagavad Gita and the bushidō of Hagakure. The extent to which masculinity is inborn or conditioned is debated, genome research has yielded information about the development of masculine characteristics and the process of sexual differentiation specific to the human reproductive system. The testis determining factor on the Y chromosome, critical for male sexual development, the activation of SRY halts the process of creating a female, beginning a chain of events leading to testicle formation, androgen production and a number of pre- and post-natal hormonal effects. How a child develops gender identity is also debated, some believe that masculinity is linked to the male body, in this view, masculinity is associated with male genitalia. Others have suggested that although masculinity may be influenced by biology, proponents of this view argue that women can become men hormonally and physically, and many aspects of masculinity assumed to be natural are linguistically and culturally driven
2.
Bear Magazine
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BEAR Magazine is a periodical specifically geared toward gay and bisexual men who are — or who admire — bears, i. e. men with facial and/or body hair. It was initially published in San Francisco, California in 1987 by Richard Bulger and his partner Chris Nelson, Bulger had been running a modeling agency called Creative Options Agents with his photographer partner Chris Nelson. He saw a need for broader markets--and broader models, common lore is that BEAR Magazine was begun by a man named Bart Thomas, who died of AIDS before the magazine was first published. In fact Bart Thomas was a pseudonym Richard Bulger chose for himself in the earliest days of the project, a good friend of Richard Bulger named David Grant was reported to have suggested the name Daddy Bear for this new magazine just before his death from complications from AIDS. The first copy of BEAR Magazine consisted of 45 xeroxed copies, promoted in The Big Ad and it is important to mention that the close proximity of Brush Creek Media to the Lone Star Saloon resulted in a synergistic relationship. With the Bear Store and nearby bars, shops and hotels catering to the bear-identified and this formed a circuit for locals, tourists and visitors to events like International Bear Rendezvous and Folsom Street Fair among others. Later that year in 1994, Beardog Hoffman purchased Brush Creek Media Inc. and began expanding the company into several special-interest gay magazines, in 2002 Brush Creek Media closed its doors when the IRS seized its inventory. BEAR Magazine was one of the casualties and publication ceased after issue #64, in 2006, the BEAR trademark was judicially assigned and registered to Butch Media Ltd of Las Vegas, Nevada, a creditor of Brush Creek Media. Similarly, in 2007 the court assigned BEAR Magazine and all the Brush Creek Media copyrights to Butch Media Ltd, Bear Omnimedia LLC, the parent company of Butch Media Ltd, revived BEAR Magazine in 2008 starting with issue #65. BEAR Magazine continues in print as well as digital formats
3.
The Advocate
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The Advocate is an American LGBT-interest magazine, printed bi-monthly and available by subscription. The Advocate brand also includes a website, both magazine and website have an editorial focus on news, politics, opinion, and arts and entertainment of interest to lesbians, gay men, bisexuals and transgender people. The Advocate was first published as a newsletter by the activist group Personal Rights in Defense. The newsletter was inspired by a raid on a Los Angeles gay bar, the Black Cat Tavern, on January 1,1967. Richard Mitch and Bill Rau joined PRIDE and, along with Aristide Laurent and artist Sam Winston, the first issue bore a cover date of September 1967, and was sold for 25 cents in gay bars in Los Angeles. By early 1968, PRIDE was struggling to stay viable and Mitch, in 1969 the newspaper was renamed The Advocate and distributed nationally. By 1974, Mitch and Rau were printing 40,000 copies for each issue, the newspaper attracted the attention of David B. Goodstein, an investment banker from San Francisco who bought the publication in 1974, goodstein also worked toward reducing sex-oriented advertisements in favor of more mainstream sponsors. Goodstein and Dr. Rob Eichberg created The Advocate Experience, loosely based on the then-popular EST, it was a two-weekend, all-day series of extensive self-realization workshops to bring self-acceptance, awareness and tolerance within the LGBT community. Goodstein and Eichberg facilitated the workshops for much of their duration, Goodsteins later editorials remained strongly opposed state intervention during the early years of the AIDS epidemic. Soon after Goodsteins death in 1985, the magazine was transformed from a newspaper format in two sections to a standard magazine format, beginning with the October 1,1985 issue. Breakthroughs in straight celebrity covers came under the flamboyant command of editor in chief, Richard Rouilard in the 1980s, after his death from AIDS, this editorial trend continued successfully with editor in chief Jeff Yarbrough. It was during this time that the magazine stopped carrying sexually explicit advertisements, the Advocate changed hands through a series of mergers and acquisitions, first unsuccessfully with PlanetOut in 2006, and later with Here Media. Starting in 2010, Here Media consolidated the distribution for The Advocate, the Advocate print version continues to be published and is available enclosed with Out as a combination package via subscription. In 2010 there were reports of freelance writers not being paid for their work. As of May 2013, The Advocate is no longer produced in-house at Here Media, Grand Editorial is a contractor based in Brooklyn, New York, that also produces Out. The Advocate is now published bi-monthly with 6 issues per year, the Advocate provided a venue for several noteworthy LGBT cartoonists in the 1970s and 1980s. Early in its history the publication ran single-panel gag cartoons by Joe Johnson featuring effeminate Miss Thing and beefy Big Dick, after these were discontinued, Its a Gay Life by Donelan debuted in 1977 and ran for 15 years
4.
San Francisco
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San Francisco, officially the City and County of San Francisco, is the cultural, commercial, and financial center of Northern California. It is the birthplace of the United Nations, the California Gold Rush of 1849 brought rapid growth, making it the largest city on the West Coast at the time. San Francisco became a consolidated city-county in 1856, after three-quarters of the city was destroyed by the 1906 earthquake and fire, San Francisco was quickly rebuilt, hosting the Panama-Pacific International Exposition nine years later. In World War II, San Francisco was a port of embarkation for service members shipping out to the Pacific Theater. Politically, the city votes strongly along liberal Democratic Party lines, San Francisco is also the headquarters of five major banking institutions and various other companies such as Levi Strauss & Co. Dolby, Airbnb, Weebly, Pacific Gas and Electric Company, Yelp, Pinterest, Twitter, Uber, Lyft, Mozilla, Wikimedia Foundation, as of 2016, San Francisco is ranked high on world liveability rankings. The earliest archaeological evidence of habitation of the territory of the city of San Francisco dates to 3000 BC. Upon independence from Spain in 1821, the became part of Mexico. Under Mexican rule, the system gradually ended, and its lands became privatized. In 1835, Englishman William Richardson erected the first independent homestead, together with Alcalde Francisco de Haro, he laid out a street plan for the expanded settlement, and the town, named Yerba Buena, began to attract American settlers. Commodore John D. Sloat claimed California for the United States on July 7,1846, during the Mexican–American War, montgomery arrived to claim Yerba Buena two days later. Yerba Buena was renamed San Francisco on January 30 of the next year, despite its attractive location as a port and naval base, San Francisco was still a small settlement with inhospitable geography. The California Gold Rush brought a flood of treasure seekers, with their sourdough bread in tow, prospectors accumulated in San Francisco over rival Benicia, raising the population from 1,000 in 1848 to 25,000 by December 1849. The promise of fabulous riches was so strong that crews on arriving vessels deserted and rushed off to the gold fields, leaving behind a forest of masts in San Francisco harbor. Some of these approximately 500 abandoned ships were used at times as storeships, saloons and hotels, many were left to rot, by 1851 the harbor was extended out into the bay by wharves while buildings were erected on piles among the ships. By 1870 Yerba Buena Cove had been filled to create new land, buried ships are occasionally exposed when foundations are dug for new buildings. California was quickly granted statehood in 1850 and the U. S. military built Fort Point at the Golden Gate, silver discoveries, including the Comstock Lode in Nevada in 1859, further drove rapid population growth. With hordes of fortune seekers streaming through the city, lawlessness was common, and the Barbary Coast section of town gained notoriety as a haven for criminals, prostitution, entrepreneurs sought to capitalize on the wealth generated by the Gold Rush
5.
Motorcycling
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In developing countries, motorcycles are overwhelmingly utilitarian due to lower prices and greater fuel economy. Of all motorcycles, 58% are in the Asia Pacific and Southern and Eastern Asia regions, motorcycles are mainly a luxury good in developed nations, where they are used mostly for recreation, as a lifestyle accessory or a symbol of personal identity. Beyond being a mode of transportation or sport, motorcycling has become a subculture. Although mainly a solo activity, motorcycling can be social and motorcyclists tend to have a sense of community with each other. For most riders, a motorcycle is a cheaper and more convenient form of transportation which causes less commuter congestion within cities and has less impact than automobile ownership. Others ride as a way to stress and to clear their minds as described in Robert M. Pirsigs book Zen. Pirsig contrasted the sense of connection experienced by motorcyclists with the isolation of drivers who are always in a compartment, Pirsig portrayed motorcycling as being in completely in contact with it all. The connection to ones motorcycle is sensed further, as Pirsig explained, Pirsig felt that connection deepen when faced with a difficult mechanical problem that required walking away from it until the solution became clear. Similarly, motorcyclists experience pleasure at the feeling of being far more connected to their motor vehicles than in a motorcar, speed draws many people to motorcycling because the power-to-weight ratio of even a low-power motorcycle is in league with that of an expensive sports car. The power-to-weight ratio of many modestly priced sport bikes is well beyond any mass-market automobile, the fastest accelerating production cars, capable of 0 to 60 mph in under 3. Hunter S. Thompsons book Hells Angels includes an ode to the joys of pushing a motorcycle to its limits, with the throttle screwed on there is only the barest margin, thats when the strange music starts. A sensation he compared to feeling the earth moulding herself under me, and heaving and tossing on each side like a sea. Where permitted, lane splitting, which is known as filtering. In the UK, motorcycles are exempt from the £11.50 per day London congestion charge that other vehicles must pay to enter the city during the day. Motorcycles are also exempt from toll charges at such river crossings as the Severn Bridge, Dartford Crossing, such cities as Bristol provide dedicated free parking and allow motorcycles to use bus lanes. In the United States, motorcycles may use high-occupancy vehicle lanes in accordance with federal law and pay a lesser fee on some toll roads. In New Zealand, motorcycle riders need not pay for parking that is controlled by an arm, the arm occupies less than the entire width of the lane. Many car parks that are controlled so supply special areas for motorcycles to park as to save space
6.
Leather
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Leather is a durable and flexible material created by tanning animal rawhide and skin, often cattle hide. It can be produced at manufacturing scales ranging from cottage industry to heavy industry, people use leather to make various goods—including clothing, bookbinding, leather wallpaper, and as a furniture covering. It is produced in a variety of types and styles. Several tanning processes transform hides and skins into leather, Chrome-tanned leather, invented in 1858, is tanned using chromium sulfate and it is more supple and pliable than vegetable-tanned leather and does not discolor or lose shape as drastically in water as vegetable-tanned. It is also known as wet-blue for its color derived from the chromium, more exotic colors are possible when using chrome tanning. The chrome tanning method usually only takes a day to finish, and it is reported that chrome-tanned leather adds up to 80% of the global leather supply. Vegetable-tanned leather is tanned using tannins and other found in different vegetable matter, such as tree bark prepared in bark mills, wood, leaves, fruits. It is supple and brown in color, with the exact shade depending on the mix of chemicals and it is the only form of leather suitable for use in leather carving or stamping. Vegetable-tanned leather is not stable in water, it tends to discolor, so if left to soak and then dried it shrinks, in hot water, it shrinks drastically and partly congeals—becoming rigid, and eventually brittle. Boiled leather is an example of this, where the leather has been hardened by being immersed in hot water, historically, it was occasionally used as armour after hardening, and it has also been used for book binding. Aldehyde-tanned leather is tanned using glutaraldehyde or oxazolidine compounds and this is the leather that most tanners refer to as wet-white leather due to its pale cream or white color. It is the type of chrome-free leather, often seen in shoes for infants. Formaldehyde tanning is another aldehyde tanning method, brain-tanned leathers fall into this category, and are exceptionally water absorbent. Brain tanned leathers are made by a process that uses emulsified oils, often those of animal brains such as deer, cattle. They are known for their softness and washability. Chamois leather also falls into the category of aldehyde tanning, and like brain tanning, produces a porous, chamois leather is made using marine oils that oxidize easily to produce the aldehydes that tan the leather to color it. Rose-tanned leather is a variation of oil tanning and brain tanning. Rose-tanned leather tanned leaves a powerful rose fragrance even years from when it is manufactured and it has been called the most valuable leather on earth, but this is mostly due to the high cost of rose otto and its labor-intensive tanning process
7.
Washington, D.C.
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Washington, D. C. formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington, the District, or simply D. C. is the capital of the United States. The signing of the Residence Act on July 16,1790, Constitution provided for a federal district under the exclusive jurisdiction of the Congress and the District is therefore not a part of any state. The states of Maryland and Virginia each donated land to form the federal district, named in honor of President George Washington, the City of Washington was founded in 1791 to serve as the new national capital. In 1846, Congress returned the land ceded by Virginia, in 1871. Washington had an population of 681,170 as of July 2016. Commuters from the surrounding Maryland and Virginia suburbs raise the population to more than one million during the workweek. The Washington metropolitan area, of which the District is a part, has a population of over 6 million, the centers of all three branches of the federal government of the United States are in the District, including the Congress, President, and Supreme Court. Washington is home to national monuments and museums, which are primarily situated on or around the National Mall. The city hosts 176 foreign embassies as well as the headquarters of international organizations, trade unions, non-profit organizations, lobbying groups. A locally elected mayor and a 13‑member council have governed the District since 1973, However, the Congress maintains supreme authority over the city and may overturn local laws. D. C. residents elect a non-voting, at-large congressional delegate to the House of Representatives, the District receives three electoral votes in presidential elections as permitted by the Twenty-third Amendment to the United States Constitution, ratified in 1961. Various tribes of the Algonquian-speaking Piscataway people inhabited the lands around the Potomac River when Europeans first visited the area in the early 17th century, One group known as the Nacotchtank maintained settlements around the Anacostia River within the present-day District of Columbia. Conflicts with European colonists and neighboring tribes forced the relocation of the Piscataway people, some of whom established a new settlement in 1699 near Point of Rocks, Maryland. 43, published January 23,1788, James Madison argued that the new government would need authority over a national capital to provide for its own maintenance. Five years earlier, a band of unpaid soldiers besieged Congress while its members were meeting in Philadelphia, known as the Pennsylvania Mutiny of 1783, the event emphasized the need for the national government not to rely on any state for its own security. However, the Constitution does not specify a location for the capital, on July 9,1790, Congress passed the Residence Act, which approved the creation of a national capital on the Potomac River. The exact location was to be selected by President George Washington, formed from land donated by the states of Maryland and Virginia, the initial shape of the federal district was a square measuring 10 miles on each side, totaling 100 square miles. Two pre-existing settlements were included in the territory, the port of Georgetown, Maryland, founded in 1751, many of the stones are still standing
8.
T-shirt
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A T-shirt is a style of unisex fabric shirt, named after the T shape of the body and sleeves. It is normally associated with short sleeves, a round neck line known as a crew neck, T-shirts are generally made of a light, inexpensive fabric, and are easy to clean. Typically made of textile in a stockinette, or jersey. The majority of versions have a body made from a continuously woven tube, on a circular loom. The manufacture of T-shirts has become automated, and may include fabric cutting by laser or water jet. The T-shirt evolved from undergarments used in the 19th century, a V-neck T-shirt has a V-shaped neckline, as opposed to the round neckline of the more common crew neck shirt. The T-shirt evolved from undergarments used in the 19th century, first, the one-piece union suit underwear was cut into separate top and bottom garments, with the top long enough to tuck under the waistband of the bottoms. With and without buttons, they were adopted by miners and stevedores during the late 19th century as a convenient covering for hot environments. As slip-on garments without buttons, the earliest T-shirt dates back to sometime between the 1898 Spanish–American War and 1913, when the U. S. Navy began issuing them as undergarments and these were a crew-necked, short-sleeved, white cotton undershirt to be worn under a uniform. It became common for sailors and Marines in work parties, the early submarines and they soon became popular as a bottom layer of clothing for workers in various industries, including agriculture. The T-shirt was easily fitted, easily cleaned, and inexpensive, boys shirts were made in various colors and patterns. The word T-shirt became part of American English by the 1920s, following World War II, it became common to see veterans wearing their uniform trousers with their T-shirts as casual clothing. The shirts became more popular in the 1950s after Marlon Brando wore one in A Streetcar Named Desire, finally achieving status as fashionable, stand-alone. Often boys wore them while doing chores and playing outside, eventually opening up the idea of wearing them as general-purpose casual clothing, Printed T-shirts were in limited use by 1942 when an Air Corps Gunnery School T-shirt appeared on the cover of Life magazine. In the 1960s, printed T-shirts gained popularity for self-expression as well for advertisements, protests, current versions are available in many different designs and fabrics, and styles include crew-neck and V-neck shirts. T-shirts are among the most worn garments of clothing used today, T-shirts are especially popular with branding for companies or merchandise, as they are inexpensive to make and purchase. T-shirts were originally worn as undershirts, but are now worn frequently as the piece of clothing on the top half of the body, other than possibly a brassiere or, rarely. T-shirts have also become a medium for self-expression and advertising, with any combination of words, art
9.
Calendar
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A calendar is a system of organizing days for social, religious, commercial or administrative purposes. This is done by giving names to periods of time, typically days, weeks, months, a date is the designation of a single, specific day within such a system. A calendar is also a record of such a system. A calendar can also mean a list of planned events, such as a calendar or a partly or fully chronological list of documents. Periods in a calendar are usually, though not necessarily, synchronized with the cycle of the sun or the moon. The most common type of calendar was the lunisolar calendar. Latin calendarium meant account book, register, the Latin term was adopted in Old French as calendier and from there in Middle English as calender by the 13th century. The course of the Sun and the Moon are the most evident forms of timekeeping, nevertheless, the Roman calendar contained very ancient remnants of a pre-Etruscan 10-month solar year. The first recorded calendars date to the Bronze Age, dependent on the development of writing in the Ancient Near East, a larger number of calendar systems of the Ancient Near East becomes accessible in the Iron Age, based on the Babylonian calendar. This includes the calendar of the Persian Empire, which in turn gave rise to the Zoroastrian calendar as well as the Hebrew calendar, calendars in antiquity were lunisolar, depending on the introduction of intercalary months to align the solar and the lunar years. This was mostly based on observation, but there may have been attempts to model the pattern of intercalation algorithmically. The Roman calendar was reformed by Julius Caesar in 45 BC, the Julian calendar was no longer dependent on the observation of the new moon but simply followed an algorithm of introducing a leap day every four years. This created a dissociation of the month from the lunation. The Islamic calendar is based on the prohibition of intercalation by Muhammad and this resulted in an observationally based lunar calendar that shifts relative to the seasons of the solar year. The first calendar reform of the modern era was the Gregorian calendar. Such ideas are mooted from time to time but have failed to gain traction because of the loss of continuity, massive upheaval in implementation, a full calendar system has a different calendar date for every day. Thus the week cycle is by not a full calendar system. The simplest calendar system just counts time periods from a reference date and this applies for the Julian day or Unix Time
10.
Bar
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Some types of bars, such as pubs, may also serve food from a restaurant menu. The term bar also refers to the countertop and area where drinks are served, bars provide stools or chairs that are placed at tables or counters for their patrons. Bars that offer entertainment or live music are often referred to as music bars, live venues, types of bars range from inexpensive dive bars to elegant places of entertainment often accompanying restaurants for dining. Many bars have a discount period, designated a happy hour to encourage off-peak-time patronage, bars that fill to capacity sometimes implement a cover charge or a minimum drink purchase requirement during their peak hours. Bars may have bouncers to ensure patrons are of age, to eject drunk or belligerent patrons. Such bars often feature entertainment, which may be a band, vocalist, comedian. The term bar is derived from the counter on which drinks are served. Patrons may sit or stand at the bar and be served by the bartender, depending on the size of a bar and its approach, alcohol may be served at the bar by bartenders, at tables by servers, or by a combination of the two. The back bar is a set of shelves of glasses and bottles behind that counter, in some establishments, the back bar is elaborately decorated with woodwork, etched glass, mirrors, and lights. There have been different names for public drinking spaces throughout history. In the colonial era of the United States taverns were an important meeting place, during the 19th century saloons were very important to the leisure time of the working class. Today, even when an establishment uses a different name, such as tavern or saloon, the sale and/or consumption of alcoholic beverages was prohibited in the first half of the 20th century in several countries, including Finland, Iceland, Norway, and the United States. In the United States, illegal bars during Prohibition were called speakeasies, blind pigs, laws in many jurisdictions prohibit minors from entering a bar. If those under legal drinking age are allowed to enter, as is the case with pubs that serve food, in some jurisdictions, bars cannot serve a patron who is already intoxicated. Cities and towns usually have restrictions on where bars may be located. Some bars may have a license to serve beer and wine, in some jurisdictions, patrons buying alcohol must also order food. In some jurisdictions, bar owners have a liability for the conduct of patrons who they serve. A bars owners and managers choose the name, décor, drink menu, lighting
11.
Jack Fritscher
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As a pre-Stonewall activist he was an out and founding member of the American Popular Culture Association. Fritscher is the founding San Francisco editor-in-chief of Drummer Magazine, among literary peers Edmund White, Felice Picano, Andrew Holleran, Ethan Mordden, and Rita Mae Brown, Fritscher was the first born. Fritscher was raised in Peoria, Illinois and his father was the child of Socialist Austrian-Catholic immigrant stonemasons and his mother was the grandchild of Irish-Catholic immigrant steelworkers. His uncle and namesake was the noted World War II Catholic army chaplain, in 1953 at age 14, Fritscher received a Vatican scholarship to the Pontifical College Josephinum where he attended both high school and college studying Latin and Greek. He earned a degree in philosophy in 1961, followed by work in theology. He was also schooled by Jesuits in the Humanism of Marsilio Ficino, Erasmus, while in school, Fritscher earned his first publication and the production of his first play. He was ordained by the Apostolic Delegate with the orders of porter, lector, exorcist, in 1964, he entered Loyola University Chicago and completed his master’s and doctoral programs, writing a dissertation on Tennessee Williams entitled Love and Death in Tennessee Williams. In 1961 Fritscher arrived in San Francisco and established a base there, beginning in 1965, he taught at Loyola University Chicago, received tenure at Western Michigan University, and was a regular visiting lecturer at Kalamazoo College. From 1968 to 1975, he served on the board of directors of the Kalamazoo Institute of Arts where he founded and directed the film program. In 1969 he founded and taught the first film-as-literature courses at the Western Michigan University Department of English, Fritscher has published both fiction and non-fiction works. His first novel was What They Did to the Kid, Confessions of an Altar Boy and he authored the first nonfiction book on gays and magic in Popular Witchcraft Straight from the Witchs Mouth. His short-story collection Corporal in Charge of Taking Care of Captain OMalley was the first collection of fiction. His writing has been translated into Spanish, German, and Greek, Fritschers academic writing has been published in the Bucknell Review, Modern Drama, Journal of Popular Culture, Censorship, A World Encyclopedia, and Playbill. He has appeared on The Oprah Winfrey Show and on BBC Channel 4 with Camille Paglia, Fritscher entered post-Stonewall gay publishing as founding San Francisco editor-in-chief of Drummer magazine, San Franciscos longest-running magazine. He was one of only two editors-in-chief in Drummer history, Fritscher was the magazines most frequent contributor as editor, writer, and photographer through all three publishers, emerging as historian of the institutional memory of Drummer. Documenting on page and on screen the dawn of the Daddy and Bear movements, Fritscher was the first writer, a selection of Fritschers writing in Drummer was published in 2008 as Gay San Francisco, Eyewitness Drummer. After leaving Drummer, Fritscher published a zine, Man2Man. It lasted for 8 quarterly issues, preceded by an introductory/marketing issue, under the slogans What Youre Looking For Is Looking for You and The Mag You Can Stick Your Nose In, it consisted of 44-60 pages, primarily created on a typewriter
12.
Facial hair
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Facial hair is a secondary sex characteristic of human males, referring to the growth of hair on or around the chin, jowls, and philtrum. This varies, as boys may first develop facial hair between fourteen and sixteen years of age, and boys as young as eleven have been known to develop facial hair, women are also capable of developing facial hair, especially after menopause, though typically significantly less than men. Men may style their hair into beards, moustaches, goatees or sideburns. The term whiskers, when used to refer to human hair, indicates the hair on the chin. The moustache forms its own stage in the development of hair in adolescent males. It then spreads to form a moustache over the upper lip. This is followed by the appearance of hair on the part of the cheeks. It eventually spreads to the sides and lower border of the chin, although this order is commonly seen, it can vary widely, with some facial hair starting from the chin and up towards the sideburns. As with most human biological processes, this order may vary among some individuals depending on ones genetic heritage or environment. Depending on the periods and countries, facial hair was prohibited in the army or, on the contrary, many religious male figures are recorded to have had facial hair, for example, all the prophets mentioned in the Abrahamic religions were known to grow their beards. Other religions, such as Sikhism, encourage growing beards, amish men grow beards after marriage, but continue to shave their moustaches in order to avoid historical associations with military facial hair due to their pacifistic beliefs. There are various hadiths that describe the necessary beard as its entirety, such as Sunan Abu Dawood 33,4183 and he forbade them to do that, saying, Shave it all or leave it all. Therefore, most non-taqlid Muslims such as the ghair muqallids, Salafis and Ahle Hadith view its growing as wajib, the reasoning for the command was reportedly to differ the Muslims from non-Muslims deriving from Sahih Bukhari, Do otherwise than those who ascribe partners to Allah. Women typically have hair on the face, apart from eyebrows. However, in cases, women have noticeable facial hair growth. Excessive hairiness is known as hirsutism and is usually an indication of atypical hormonal variation, many women globally choose to totally remove their facial hair by professional laser treatment. Eyebrow Whiskers Jack Passion, The Facial Hair Handbook, Jack Passion, LLC, First edition
13.
Body hair
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Body hair, or androgenic hair, is the terminal hair that develops on the human body during and after puberty. It is differentiated from the hair and less visible vellus hair. The growth of hair is related to the level of androgens in the individual. From childhood onward, regardless of sex, vellus hair covers almost the entire area of the human body. Exceptions include the lips, the backs of the ears, the palms of hands, the soles of the feet, certain external genital areas, the navel, and scar tissue. The density of hair – i. e. the number of follicles per unit area of skin – varies from person to person. Some men dont have chest hair, Androgenic hair follows the same growth pattern as the hair that grows on the scalp, but with a shorter anagen phase and longer telogen phase. While the anagen phase for the hair on ones head lasts for years, the telogen phase for body hair lasts close to a year. This shortened growing period and extended dormant period explains why the hair on the head tends to be longer than other hair found on the body. Differences in length seen in comparing the hair on the back of the hand and pubic hair, for example, the same goes for differences in body hair length seen in different people, especially when comparing men and women. Like much of the hair on the body, leg, arm, chest. As people age, the hair in these regions will often begin to grow darker and this will typically happen during or after puberty. However, some women will grow darker, longer hair in one or more of these regions, vellus hair grows on the chest and abdomen of both sexes at all stages of development. After puberty and extending into adulthood, most males grow increasing amounts of hair over the chest. Adult women also typically can grow terminal hairs around the areola though in many cultures these hairs are typically removed, arm hair grows on a humans forearms, sometimes even on the elbow area. Terminal arm hair is concentrated on the wrist end of the forearm, terminal hair growth in adolescent males is often much more intense than that in females, particularly for individuals with dark hair. In some cultures, it is common for women to remove arm hair, terminal hair growth on arms is a secondary sexual characteristic in boys and appears in the last stages of puberty. Vellus arm hair is concentrated on the elbow end of the forearm
14.
Chub (gay slang)
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A chub is an overweight or obese gay man who identifies as being part of the related chubby culture. Although there is overlap between chubs and bears, chubs have their own distinct subculture and community. There are bars, organizations and social events specifically catering to this subculture, in the last several years, large regional social events have developed. They often feature pageants much like beauty pageants but more sexual in the attitude in which titles are given to winners, like Mr. Chubby International, in the United States, there is an annual national event, Convergence, as well as several annual regional gatherings. There is also an event in Europe called European Big Mens Convergence. These events are held in different cities each year and are hosted by that citys local big mens organization. These definitions are general in nature, specific definitions may vary depending on the perspective of the individual, biggerCity A chub and chaser website active since 1998. Chasabl A partner site to Grommr that does NOT focus on gaining, the following year, a chapter was organized in Boston, and in 1978 the New York chapter started. Conventions were held in such as San Francisco, Chicago. The first meeting to use the name Convergence in the United States was held in Seattle in 1986, several chapters are now active across the United States, mostly in large and diverse cities
15.
Fat acceptance movement
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The fat acceptance movement is a social movement seeking to change anti-fat bias in social attitudes. Areas of contention include the aesthetic, legal, and medical approaches to people whose bodies are fatter than the social norm. However, studies have shown that stress is linked to obesity, besides its political role, the fat acceptance movement also constitutes a subculture that acts as a social group for its members. The history of the fat acceptance movement can be dated back to 1967 when 500 people met in New Yorks Central Park to protest against anti-fat bias. Sociologist Charlotte Cooper has argued that the history of the fat activist movement is best understood in waves, similar to the feminist movement, with which she believes it is closely tied. First wave activities consisted of isolated activists drawing attention to the dominant model of obesity, there are many possible reasons for the development of weight discrimination. This kind of history and visibility gave rise to the fat acceptance movement which originated in the late 1960s, although its grassroots nature makes it difficult to precisely chart its milestones. Like other social movements from this period, the fat acceptance movement, initially known as Fat Pride, Fat Power, or Fat Liberation. A fat-in was staged in New Yorks Central Park in 1967, called by radio personality Steve Post, the Fat-in consisted of a group of 500 people eating, carrying signs and photographs of Sophia Loren, and burning diet books. In 1967, Lew Louderback wrote an article in the Saturday Evening Post called More People Should be FAT in response to discrimination against his wife, fabrey currently works with the Council on Size and Weight Discrimination, specialising in the history of the size acceptance movement. In 1973 the feminist group The Fat Underground was formed and it began as a radical chapter of NAAFA and spun off to become independent when NAAFA expressed concerns about its promotion of a stronger activist philosophy. Founded by Sara Fishman and Judy Freespirit, the Fat Underground took issue with what they saw as a bias against obesity in the scientific community. They coined the saying, a diet is a cure that doesnt work, in 1979 Carole Shaw coined the term Big Beautiful Woman and launched a fashion and lifestyle magazine of the same name aimed at plus-sized women. The original print magazine closed in the late 1990s but the term BBW has become used to refer to any fat woman. In the UK The London Fat Womens Group was formed, the first British fat activist group, other first wave activities included the productions of zines such as Figure 8 and Fat. So. by Marilyn Wann which later became a book of the same name. In the second wave, the fat acceptance movement became widespread in the USA. Ideas from the movement began to appear in the mainstream, publishers became more willing to publish fat acceptance themed literature. The 1980s witnessed an increase in activist organizations, publications, in 1989 a group of people including actress Anne Zamberlan formed the first French organisation for fat acceptance, Allegro fortissimo
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Race (human categorization)
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Race is the classification of humans into groups based on physical traits, ancestry, genetics, or social relations, or the relations between them. First used to refer to speakers of a language and then to denote national affiliations. The term was used in a general biological taxonomic sense, starting from the 19th century. Social conceptions and groupings of races vary over time, involving folk taxonomies that define essential types of individuals based on perceived traits, scientists consider biological essentialism obsolete, and generally discourage racial explanations for collective differentiation in both physical and behavioral traits. Although still used in contexts, race has often been replaced by less ambiguous and emotionally charged synonyms, populations, people, ethnic groups, or communities. A popular view in American sociology is that the categories that are common in everyday usage are socially constructed. For this reason, there is no current consensus about whether racial categories can be considered to have significance for understanding human genetic variation, when people define and talk about a particular conception of race, they create a social reality through which social categorization is achieved. In this sense, races are said to be social constructs and these constructs develop within various legal, economic, and sociopolitical contexts, and may be the effect, rather than the cause, of major social situations. Socioeconomic factors, in combination with early but enduring views of race, have led to considerable suffering within disadvantaged racial groups, as a result, racial groups possessing relatively little power often find themselves excluded or oppressed, while hegemonic individuals and institutions are charged with holding racist attitudes. Racism has led to instances of tragedy, including slavery. In some countries, law enforcement uses race to profile suspects and this use of racial categories is frequently criticized for perpetuating an outmoded understanding of human biological variation, and promoting stereotypes. Because in some societies racial groupings correspond closely with patterns of stratification, for social scientists studying social inequality. As sociological factors, racial categories may in part reflect subjective attributions, self-identities, accordingly, the racial paradigms employed in different disciplines vary in their emphasis on biological reduction as contrasted with societal construction. Groups of humans have identified themselves as distinct from neighboring groups. These features are the features of how the concept of race is used today. As Europeans encountered people from different parts of the world, they speculated about the physical, social, a set of folk beliefs took hold that linked inherited physical differences between groups to inherited intellectual, behavioral, and moral qualities. Brutal conflicts between groups have existed throughout history and across the world. In the 18th century the differences among human groups became a focus of scientific investigation, Homo sapiens europaeus was described as active, acute, and adventurous, whereas Homo sapiens afer was said to be crafty, lazy, and careless
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Physical attractiveness
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Physical attractiveness is the degree to which a persons physical features are considered aesthetically pleasing or beautiful. The term often implies sexual attractiveness or desirability, but can also be distinct from either, there are many factors which influence one persons attraction to another, with physical aspects being one of them. Physical attraction itself includes universal perceptions common to all cultures, as well as aspects that are culturally and socially dependent. In many cases, humans subconsciously attribute positive characteristics, such as intelligence and honesty, from research done in the United States and United Kingdom, it was found that the association between intelligence and physical attractiveness is stronger among men than among women. A persons physical characteristics can signal cues to fertility and health, attending to these factors increases reproductive success, furthering the representation of ones genes in the population. The perception of attractiveness can have a significant effect on how people are judged in terms of employment or social opportunities, friendship, sexual behavior, symmetry may be evolutionarily beneficial as a sign of health because asymmetry signals past illness or injury. One study suggested people were able to gauge beauty at a level by seeing only a glimpse of a picture for one-hundredth of a second. Other important factors include youthfulness, skin clarity and smoothness of skin, however, there are numerous differences based on gender. Grammer and colleagues have identified eight pillars of beauty, youthfulness, symmetry, averageness, sex-hormone markers, body odor, motion, skin complexion, such studies consistently find that activity in certain parts of the orbitofrontal cortex increases with increasing attractiveness of faces. The same study finds that for faces and bodies alike, the part of the orbitofrontal cortex responds with greater activity to both very attractive and very unattractive pictures. Women, on average, tend to be attracted to men who have a relatively narrow waist, a V-shaped torso. Women also tend to be attracted to men who are taller than they are. With regard to male-male-attractiveness, one source reports that the most important factor that attracts gay men to other males is the physical attractiveness. The degree of differences between male and female anatomical traits is called sexual dimorphism, Female respondents in the follicular phase of their menstrual cycle were significantly more likely to choose a masculine face than those in menses and luteal phases. However, womens likeliness to exert effort to view male faces does not seem to depend on their masculinity and it is suggested that the masculinity of facial features is a reliable indication of good health, or, alternatively, that masculine-looking males are more likely to achieve high status. However, the correlation between attractive facial features and health has been questioned, sociocultural factors, such as self-perceived attractiveness, status in a relationship and degree of gender-conformity, have been reported to play a role in female preferences for male faces. In men, facial masculinity significantly correlates with facial symmetry—it has been suggested that both are signals of developmental stability and genetic health, in a cross-country study involving 4,794 women in their early twenties, a difference was found in womens average masculinity preference between countries. The study reasoned that the advantage for masculine male faces must have been due to some factor that is not directly tied to female perceptions of male facial attractiveness
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Phenotype
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A phenotype is the composite of an organisms observable characteristics or traits, such as its morphology, development, biochemical or physiological properties, behavior, and products of behavior. A phenotype results from the expression of a genetic code, its genotype, as well as the influence of environmental factors. When two or more clearly different phenotypes exist in the population of a species, the species is called polymorphic. A well-documented polymorphism is Labrador Retriever coloring, while the color depends on many genes, it is clearly seen in the environment as yellow, black. This genotype-phenotype distinction was proposed by Wilhelm Johannsen in 1911 to make clear the difference between an organisms heredity and what that heredity produces, the distinction is similar to that proposed by August Weismann, who distinguished between germ plasm and somatic cells. The term phenotype has sometimes incorrectly used as a shorthand for phenotypic difference from wild type. Despite its seemingly straightforward definition, the concept of the phenotype has hidden subtleties and it may seem that anything dependent on the genotype is a phenotype, including molecules such as RNA and proteins. It may seem that this goes beyond the intentions of the concept with its focus on the organism in itself. Either way, the term phenotype includes traits or characteristics that can be visible by some technical procedure. A notable extension to this idea is the presence of molecules or metabolites that are generated by organisms from chemical reactions of enzymes. Another extension adds behavior to the phenotype, since behaviors are also observable characteristics, behavioral phenotypes include cognitive, personality, and behavioral patterns. Some behavioral phenotypes may characterize psychiatric disorders or syndromes, phenotypic variation is a fundamental prerequisite for evolution by natural selection. It is the organism as a whole that contributes to the next generation. Without phenotypic variation, there would be no evolution by natural selection, the plant Hieracium umbellatum is found growing in two different habitats in Sweden. These habitats alternate along the coast of Sweden and the habitat that the seeds of Hieracium umbellatum land in, the concept of phenotype can be extended to variations below the level of the gene that affect an organisms fitness. For example, silent mutations that do not change the amino acid sequence of a gene may change the frequency of guanine-cytosine base pairs. The term extended phenotype refers to the idea that a phenotype is not restricted to biological processes, the concept generalized by Richard Dawkins explains that phenotype includes all the influence a gene has on the environment and other organisms. ”There are three types of extended phenotypes. The first describes an organism using architectural constructions to modify their environment for living, the most common example given by Dawkins is the beaver
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White people
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White people is a racial classification specifier, used for people of Europid ancestry, with the exact implications dependent on context. The contemporary usage of people or a white race as a large group of populations contrasting with black, American Indian. It is today used as a racial classifier in multiracial societies, such as North Africa, United States. The term white race or white people entered the major European languages in the later 17th century, in the context of racialized slavery, description of populations as white in reference to their skin color predates this notion and is found in Greco-Roman ethnography and other ancient sources. Scholarship on race generally distinguishes the concept from pre-modern descriptions of collective difference. In the literature of the Ancient Near East and Classical Antiquity and we know that Egyptians were not oblivious to skin color, however, because artists paid attention to it in works of art, to the extent the pigments at the time permitted. Classicist James Dee states the Greeks do not describe themselves as white people—or as anything else because they had no word in their color vocabulary for themselves. Peoples skin color did not carry meaning, what mattered is where they lived. Religious conversion was sometimes described figuratively as a change in skin color, similarly, the Rigveda uses krsna tvac black skin as a metaphor for irreligiosity. The Ancient Egyptian funerary text known as the Book of Gates distinguishes four groups in a procession and these are the Egyptians, the Levantine/Canaanite peoples or Asiatics, the Nubians and the fair-skinned Libyans. The Egyptians are depicted as a reddish brown, the Nubians as black skinned, the Semites from the Levant and Canaan as light skinned. Herodotus described the Scythian Budini as having blue eyes and bright red hair. And the Egyptians – quite like the Colchians – as melánchroes and he also gives the possibly first reference to the common Greek name of the tribes living south of Egypt, otherwise known as Nubians, which was Aithíopes. Later Xenophon described the Aethiopians as black and the Persian troops as white compared to the skin of Greek troops. These color adjectives are found in contrast to the standard set by the own group. According to historian Irene Silverblatt, Race thinking … made social categories into racial truths, Alastair Bonnett argues that white identity, as it is presently conceived, is an American project, reflecting American interpretations of race and history. According to Gregory Jay, a professor of English at the University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee, Before the age of exploration, group differences were based on language, religion. … the European had always reacted a bit hysterically to the differences of skin color, in the 16th and 17th centuries, East Asian peoples were almost uniformly described as white, never as yellow
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Body image
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Body image is a persons perception of the aesthetics or sexual attractiveness of their own body. The phrase body image was first coined by the Austrian neurologist and psychoanalyst Paul Schilder in his book The Image, Human society has at all times placed great value on beauty of the human body, but a persons perception of their own body may not correspond to societys standards. The concept of image is used in a number of disciplines, including psychology, medicine, psychiatry, psychoanalysis, philosophy and cultural. The term is often used in the media. Across these disciplines and media there is no consensus definition, a persons body image is thought to be, in part, a product of their personal experiences, personality, and various social and cultural forces. A persons sense of their own appearance, usually in relation to others or in relation to some cultural ideal. A persons perception of their appearance can be different from how others perceive them. Research suggests that exposure to mass media depicting the body may be linked to body image disturbance in women. Effects for some variables were moderated by publication year and study design. The findings support the notion that exposure to media images depicting the body is related to body image concerns for women. A2007 report by the American Psychological Association found that a culture-wide sexualization of girls, similar findings associated with body image were found by an Australian government Senate Standing Committee report on the sexualization of children in the media. However, other scholars have expressed concern that these claims are not based on solid data, Body image can have a wide range of psychological effects and physical effects. Throughout history, it has been difficult for people to live up to the standards of society. People who are underweight and overweight can have poor body image. This is something that can lead to a change in a body image. Often, people who have a low body image will try to alter their bodies in some way, some girls and young women compare themselves to models in ads, in terms of their physical attractiveness. About 81 percent of ten-year-olds are afraid of being fat after being exposed to some media, Women are shown in many feminine commercials such as, soap, laundry detergent, toilet paper, and child care commercials. They are displayed as the cleaners, nannies, and cooks, ANAD showed that anywhere from three to five percent of women have suffered from Anorexia Nervosa in their lifetime, and about one percent of female adolescents currently have anorexia
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The Simpsons
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The Simpsons is an American animated sitcom created by Matt Groening for the Fox Broadcasting Company. The series is a depiction of working-class life epitomized by the Simpson family, which consists of Homer, Marge, Bart, Lisa. The show is set in the town of Springfield and parodies American culture, society, television. The family was conceived by Groening shortly before a solicitation for a series of animated shorts with producer James L. Brooks, Groening created a dysfunctional family and named the characters after members of his own family, substituting Bart for his own name. The shorts became a part of The Tracey Ullman Show on April 19,1987. After a three-season run, the sketch was developed into a prime time show and became an early hit for Fox. Since its debut on December 17,1989,615 episodes of The Simpsons have been broadcast and its 28th season began on September 25,2016. It is the longest-running American sitcom and the longest-running American animated program, the Simpsons Movie, a feature-length film, was released in theaters worldwide on July 27,2007, and grossed over $527 million. On May 4,2015, the series was renewed for seasons 27 and 28, on November 4,2016, the series was renewed for seasons 29 and 30, consisting of 22 episodes each. The Simpsons received widespread critical acclaim throughout its first nine or ten seasons, Time named it the 20th centurys best television series, and Erik Adams of The A. V. Club named it televisions crowning achievement regardless of format, on January 14,2000, the Simpson family was awarded a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. It has won dozens of awards since it debuted as a series, including 31 Primetime Emmy Awards,30 Annie Awards, Homers exclamatory catchphrase Doh. has been adopted into the English language, while The Simpsons has influenced many adult-oriented animated sitcoms. Despite this, the show has also criticized for what many perceive as a decline in quality over the years. The Simpsons are a family who live in a fictional Middle American town of Springfield, Homer, the father, works as a safety inspector at the Springfield Nuclear Power Plant, a position at odds with his careless, buffoonish personality. He is married to Marge Simpson, a stereotypical American housewife, although the family is dysfunctional, many episodes examine their relationships and bonds with each other and they are often shown to care about one another. The family owns a dog, Santas Little Helper, and a cat, Snowball V, renamed Snowball II in I, both pets have had starring roles in several episodes. The show includes an array of supporting characters, co-workers, teachers, family friends, extended relatives, townspeople. The creators originally intended many of these characters as jokes or for fulfilling needed functions in the town
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Homer Simpson
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Homer Jay Simpson is a fictional character and the main protagonist of the American animated television series The Simpsons as the patriarch of the eponymous family. He is voiced by Dan Castellaneta and first appeared on television, along with the rest of his family, Homer was created and designed by cartoonist Matt Groening while he was waiting in the lobby of James L. Brooks office. Groening had been called to pitch a series of shorts based on his comic strip Life in Hell and he named the character after his father, Homer Groening. After appearing for three seasons on The Tracey Ullman Show, the Simpson family got their own series on Fox that debuted December 17,1989, Homer and his wife Marge have three children, Bart, Lisa, and Maggie. As the familys provider, he works at the Springfield Nuclear Power Plant as a plant operator. Despite the suburban blue-collar routine of his life, he has had a number of remarkable experiences. He has appeared in other media relating to The Simpsons – including video games, The Simpsons Movie, The Simpsons Ride, commercials and comic books – and inspired an entire line of merchandise. His signature catchphrase, the annoyed grunt Doh. has been included in The New Oxford Dictionary of English since 1998, Homer is one of the most influential characters in the history of television. The British newspaper The Sunday Times described him as the greatest comic creation of time, for voicing Homer, Castellaneta has won four Primetime Emmy Awards for Outstanding Voice-Over Performance and a special-achievement Annie Award. In 2000, Homer and his family were awarded a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame, Homer is the bumbling husband of Marge and father of Bart, Lisa and Maggie Simpson. He is the son of Mona and Abraham Grampa Simpson, Homer held over 188 different jobs in the first 400 episodes of The Simpsons. In most episodes, he works as the Nuclear Safety Inspector at the Springfield Nuclear Power Plant, a position he has held since Homers Odyssey, the third episode of the series. At the plant, Homer is often ignored and completely forgotten by his boss Mr. Burns, Matt Groening has stated that he decided to have Homer work at the power plant because of the potential for Homer to wreak havoc. Each of his other jobs has lasted only one episode, in the first half of the series, the writers developed an explanation about how he got fired from the plant and was then rehired in every episode. In later episodes, he began a new job on impulse. The Simpsons uses a floating timeline in which the characters never age, and, as such. Nevertheless, in episodes, events in Homers life have been linked to specific time periods. However, the episode That 90s Show contradicted much of this backstory, portraying Homer and Marge as a childless couple in the early 1990s
23.
Waylon Smithers
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Waylon J. Smithers, Jr. usually referred to as Mr. Smithers or simply Smithers, is a recurring fictional character in the American animated sitcom The Simpsons, who is voiced by Harry Shearer. Smithers first appeared in the episode Homers Odyssey, although his voice could be heard in the series premiere Simpsons Roasting on an Open Fire and he is the consummate executive and personal assistant of Springfield Nuclear Power Plants owner Mr. Burns. Smithers devotion to Mr. Burns was inspired from how numerous Fox executives, the idea for Smithers ambiguous sexual orientation came from Sam Simon, who proposed that Smithers should be gay, but little attention should be drawn to it. Smithers first name was derived from that of puppeteer Wayland Flowers, Smithers was originally animated and intended for storyline purposes by some producers and directors to be African American. This however was changed in later episodes with conflicting and unknown confirmed reasons as to why. Matt Groening however in an interview with TMZ, confirms that the animation director at that time originally drew Smithers black according to plan. When asked by the interviewer why he was not kept that way, Smithers is an obedient and sycophantic assistant to Mr. Burns, and the relationship between the two is a frequent running gag on The Simpsons. In the season 27 episode The Burns Cage, he came out as gay, Smithers is Mr. Burns devoted executive assistant. His father, Waylon Smithers, Sr. worked for Burns until he died of poisoning after saving Springfield from a potential nuclear meltdown. He is openly gay, but most people knew he was gay before he came out and it was revealed in a flashback that he was married to a woman once, but the two split up when Mr. Burns came between them. Smithers is shown to have a passionate and deep love for Mr. Burns, Mr. Burns remained largely ignorant of Smithers devoted adoration, much to Smithers frustration. Mr. Burns himself has been involved several women and in A Hunka Hunka Burns in Love. Burns, for his part, views Smithers as somewhat of a lackey and he has rewarded Smithers devotion with the future honor of being buried alive with him after he dies. Smithers has been shown to be dependent on his relationship with Burns. In Homer the Smithers, Mr. Burns orders Smithers to take a vacation, when Homer loses his temper and punches Mr. Burns in the face, Mr. Burns learns to become self-reliant and this results in Smithers being fired. Smithers decides that he needs to be Mr. Burns assistant, in the season 27 episode The Burns Cage, Smithers attempts to admit his love to Burns, who interrupts to reaffirm his contempt for his assistant. He has often hinted at wanting to be promoted to the position of vice president. Smithers has the largest collection of Malibu Stacy dolls in Springfield and is the president of the Malibu Stacy fan club, Smithers was partly based on how numerous Fox executives and staff members acted towards Barry Diller
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Kevin Smith
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Kevin Patrick Smith is an American filmmaker, actor, comedian, public speaker, comic book writer, author, and podcaster. He came to prominence with the comedy film Clerks, which he wrote, directed, co-produced. Jay and Silent Bob have appeared in Smiths follow-up films Mallrats, Chasing Amy, Dogma, and Jay and Silent Bob Strike Back which were set primarily in his home state of New Jersey. Smith also directed and produced such as the buddy cop action comedy Cop Out, the horror film Red State, and the horror comedy Tusk. Smith is the owner of Jay and Silent Bobs Secret Stash and he also hosts the movie-review television show Spoilers. As a podcaster, Smith co-hosts several shows on his own SModcast Podcast Network, including SModcast, Fatman on Batman, Smith is well known for participating in long, humorous Q&A sessions that are often filmed for DVD release, beginning with An Evening with Kevin Smith. Kevin Smith was born on August 2,1970 in Red Bank, New Jersey, the son of Grace, a homemaker, and Donald E. Smith and he has an older sister, Virginia, and an older brother, Donald Smith, Jr. He was raised in a Catholic household, in the nearby clamming town of Highlands, as a child, Smiths days were scheduled around Donalds late shifts at the post office. Donald grew to despise his job, which greatly influenced Smith, Smith vowed never to work at something that he did not enjoy. Smith later attended Henry Hudson Regional High School, where as a B and C student, he would videotape school basketball games, an overweight teen, he developed into a comedic observer of life in order to successfully socialize with friends and girls. After high school, Smith attended the New School in New York, but did not graduate On his 21st birthday, Smith went to see Richard Linklaters comedy Slacker. Smith relates, It was the movie that got me off my ass, it was the movie that lit a fire under me, and I had never seen a movie like that before ever in my life. To finance the film, Smith maxed out more than a credit cards and sold his much-treasured comic book collection. He cast friends and acquaintances in the major parts. Clerks was screened at the Sundance Film Festival in 1994, where it won the Filmmakers Trophy, at a restaurant following the screening, Miramax executive Harvey Weinstein invited Smith to join him at his table, where he offered to buy the movie. In May 1994, it went to the Cannes International Film Festival, released in October 1994 in two cities, the film went on to play in 50 markets, never playing on more than fifty screens at any given time. Despite the limited release, it was a critical and financial success, initially, the film received an NC-17 rating from the MPAA, solely for the sexually graphic language. Smiths second film, Mallrats, which marked Jason Lees debut as a leading man and it received a critical drubbing and earned merely $2.2 million at the box office, despite playing on more than 500 screens
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Inside Out (2015 film)
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Inside Out is a 2015 American 3D computer-animated satirical comedy-drama adventure film produced by Pixar Animation Studios and released by Walt Disney Pictures. Docter first began developing Inside Out in 2009, after noticing changes in his daughters personality as she grew older. After premiering at the 68th Cannes Film Festival in May 2015, Inside Out was released in North America on June 19,2015, accompanied by the short film Lava. Critics praised the concept, screenplay, subject matter, Michael Giacchinos musical score and the vocal performances, particularly of Poehler, Smith. The film grossed $90.4 million in its first weekend and it accumulated over $857 million in worldwide box office revenue. The film received awards, including a BAFTA Award, Golden Globe Award, Critics Choice Award, Annie Award, Satellite Award. In 2016, the film was named as the 41st best film of the 21st century, as she grows up, her experiences become memories, stored in colored orbs, which are sent into long-term memory each night. Her five most important core memories are housed in a hub that each power an aspect of her personality which take the form of floating islands, at the age of eleven, Riley and her parents move to San Francisco for her fathers new business. When Sadness begins touching Rileys happy memories, turning them sad, on Rileys first day at her new school, Sadness accidentally causes Riley to cry in front of her class, creating a sad core memory. Joy, panicking, tries to dispose of it, but accidentally knocks the other core memories loose during a struggle with Sadness, Joy, Sadness, and the core memories are sucked out of Headquarters, and taken to the maze-like storage area of long-term memory. The other emotions try to maintain Rileys happiness in Joys absence with disastrous results, distancing her from her parents, friends and hobbies. As a result, her personality islands gradually begin to crumble and fall, one by one, into the Memory Dump, an abyss where memories are forgotten. In desperation, Anger inserts an idea into the console prompting Riley to run away, Joy and Sadness encounter Bing Bong, Rileys childhood imaginary friend, who suggests riding the train of thought back to Headquarters. The three eventually catch the train, but it is halted when Riley falls asleep and they succeed in manipulating Rileys dreams to wake her and restart the train, but it is derailed when the Honesty Island collapses. But as she takes off, the ground below the tube collapses, breaking the tube and plunging Joy, at the bottom, Joy then begins to lose hope, but discovers a sad memory of a hockey game that became happy when Rileys parents and friends comforted her. Joy realizes that Sadness serves an important purpose, to create empathy in others when Riley is emotionally overwhelmed, Joy reunites with a despondent Sadness and manages to get them to Headquarters, only to discover that Angers idea has disabled the console, rendering Riley apathetic. To the surprise of the others, Joy hands control of the console to Sadness, as Sadness reinstalls the core memories, turning them sad, Riley arrives home to her parents and breaks down in tears, confessing that she misses Minnesota. A year later, Riley has adapted to her new home, made new friends, returned to her old hobbies, inside Headquarters, her emotions all work together on a new expanded console with room for them all, enabling Riley to lead a more emotionally complex life
26.
Leather subculture
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The leather subculture denotes practices and styles of dress organized around sexual activities that involve leather garments, such as leather jackets, vests, boots, chaps, harnesses, or other items. Wearing leather garments is one way that participants in this culture self-consciously distinguish themselves from mainstream sexual cultures. Leather culture is most visible in gay communities and most often associated with gay men, but it is reflected in various ways in the gay, lesbian, bisexual. Many people associate leather culture with BDSM practices and its many subcultures, Gay male leather culture has existed since the late 1940s, when it likely grew out of post-WWII biker culture. Early San Francisco clubs included the Warlocks and the California Motor Club, Leather Clubs for gay men started in Amsterdam and Berlin in the 1950s, and in Sydney from 1970. The first gay bar, the Gold Coast, opened in Chicago in 1958. In 1964 an article on Life magazine with a significant amount of prejudice, the Tool Box bar in San Francisco was the target of the prejudice, although not specified, it was heavily speculated. The fourteen-page article titled, Homosexuality in America also brought leather subculture to the attention of isolated and closeted gays, to that end, gay motorcycle culture also reflected some mens disaffection with the coexistent gay cultures more organized around high culture, popular culture, and/or camp style. Perhaps as a result, the community that emerged from the motorcycle clubs also became the practical and symbolic location for gay mens open exploration of kink. Throughout the history of the subculture, a variety of traditions have been observed. As time has progressed and BDSM has become mainstream, the traditions of leather has adapted. The first major evolution has become known as New Leather or New Guard, however, even this is the subject of some disagreement, as many noted authors and historians assert that there is little or no substantive differences. Today, the subculture is one of many facets to semi-organized alternative sexuality. Many individuals describe long periods of introspection leading to their choice to identify as leather, others do not necessarily associate their leather lifestyle with BDSM, and simply enjoy the sensory experience of leather. The more specifically homoerotic aesthetics of mens leather culture drew on sources as well, including military. This influence is evident in the graphical illustrations of leathermen found in the work of Tom of Finland. The pornographic films of one of his models Peter Berlin from Berlin, such as his 1973 film Nights in Black Leather, in the 1970s Berlin had a huge leather scene with several leather clubs in the gay area around Nollendorfplatz. In 1975 Europes biggest gay fetish event started, Easter in Berlin Leather Festival, aspects of leather culture beyond the sartorial can also be seen in the 1970 murder mystery novel Cruising by Jay Green
27.
BearCity
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BearCity is a 2010 American gay-themed comedy-drama film directed by Doug Langway, and written by Langway and Lawrence Ferber. It is about a young gay man who fantasizes about bears. The sequel BearCity 2, The Proposal was announced for the spring of 2012, BearCity 3 is planified for 2016. A novelization of the film, also written by Lawrence Ferber, was published by Lethe Press Bear Bones imprint in 2013. The story revolves around Tyler who is an actor in his early twenties who has just moved to New York City in an attempt to jump-start his career. Tyler fits in the category but finds himself attracted to bears, often large-bodied and, typically. Roger fears judgment for being with someone from outside the community, and hesitates to introduce Tyler to his friends
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Cachorro
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Cachorro is a 2004 Spanish gay-themed drama film written and directed by Miguel Albaladejo. The Spanish word cachorro describes any young, furry animal such as a cub or puppy, as a favor to his hippie sister who has gone off to India, Pedro, a gay dentist, has agreed to look after his nine-year-old nephew, Bernardo. Bernardo’s father is dead and the boy and his uncle have not had much to do each other until now. Originally, the boy was to stay with Pedro for a few days and his nephew’s presence forces Pedro to take a break from his otherwise extremely active sex life. In fact, Pedro was beginning to tire of the nature of his many relationships. Then, all at once, a different set of problems crops up. For one, there is Doña Teresa, Bernardo’s paternal grandmother, worse still, however, is the news that Bernardo’s mother has been arrested in India for drug smuggling. She may be facing a sentence of thirty years, so the embassy informs Pedro. Pedro is just as shocked at this news as Bernardo, nevertheless, without further ado, he decides to rise to the challenge this represents. There suddenly seem to be so many things to organize – such as repairs to the house, gradually, however, he succeeds in rekindling his sex life – albeit in a less excessive form. Then Doña Teresa puts in another appearance, this time demanding custody of Bernardo, but Pedro is ready to fight for the boys welfare. When his grandmother goes to him later on, revealing Pedros HIV status, Bernardo reveals that he already knew from his mother. She then reveals that he is in the hospital with pneumonia and he then tells her that he hates her and that its her fault that hes currently in the hospital, because he wasnt there to care for him. Three years pass, during which several letters go back and forth between Bernardo, Pedro, his mother and his grandmother. We then see Bernardo and two of his friends, a boy and girl, at a funeral, and a casket being lowered, although it is not immediately revealed whose funeral this is. Shortly after, a cab pulls up with Pedro inside, out of the hospital and healthy, and he expresses lament at the passing of Bernardos grandmother. After a brief conversation, Bernardo returns to his two friends, kisses both, and parts from them, leaving the viewer to wonder whether or not hes romantically involved with one of them. Bernardo then returns to his uncle and they ride together in the cab. S
