1.
1960s in Western fashion
–
The 1960s featured a number of diverse trends. It was a decade that broke many fashion traditions, mirroring social movements during the time, in the middle of the decade, culottes, go-go boots, box-shaped PVC dresses and other PVC clothes were popular. The widely popular bikini came into fashion in 1963 after being featured in the musical Beach Party, Mary Quant popularised the mini skirt, and Jackie Kennedy introduced the pillbox hat, both becoming extremely popular. False eyelashes were worn by women throughout the 1960s, and their hairstyles were a variety of lengths, people were dressing in psychedelic prints, highlighter colors, and mismatched patterns. The hippie movement late in the decade also exerted an influence on ladies clothing styles, including bell-bottom jeans, tie-dye. Designers were producing clothing more suitable for adults, which led to an increase in interest. Until the 1960s, high-profile designers from Paris and London dictated styles worn by people, however, during and after the 1960s young, common people dictated fashion, and designers would attempt to keep up with the trends that they created. Fashions in the years of the decade reflected the elegance of the First Lady. In addition to the cow, women wore Stiletto heel shoes and suits with short boxy jackets, simple, geometric dresses, known as shifts, were also in style. For evening wear, full-skirted evening gowns were worn, these often had a low décolletage and had close-fitting waists, for casual wear, capri trousers were the fashion for women and girls. The 1960s were an age for fashion innovation for women, the early 1960s gave birth to the drainpipe jeans and capri pants, worn by Audrey Hepburn. Casual dress became more unisex, and often consisted of plaid button down shirts worn with blue jeans, comfortable slacks. Traditionally, trousers had been viewed by society as masculine. These included Levi Strauss jeans, which had previously been considered blue collar wear, the women’s trousers came in a variety of styles, narrow, wide, below the knee, above the ankle, and eventually mid thigh. These mid-thigh cut trousers evolved around 1969, and became the modern shorts, by adapting men’s style and wearing trousers, women voiced their equality to men. Space age happened during the space race era and it is the age of space exploration. Designers, however, seemed to not promote the negative side and it may due to the hope of a better future. In the 1960s, synthetic fabrics were used for making garments, due to the fabric shortage during the Second World War, a lot of synthetic fabrics were invented and introduced in the 1960s
2.
The Beatles
–
The Beatles were an English rock band, formed in Liverpool in 1960. With members John Lennon, Paul McCartney, George Harrison and Ringo Starr, the Beatles built their reputation playing clubs in Liverpool and Hamburg over a three-year period from 1960, with Stuart Sutcliffe initially serving as bass player. The core of Lennon, McCartney and Harrison went through a succession of drummers, including Pete Best, before asking Starr to join them. They acquired the nickname the Fab Four as Beatlemania grew in Britain the next year, from 1965 onwards, the Beatles produced increasingly innovative recordings, including the albums Rubber Soul, Revolver, Sgt. Peppers Lonely Hearts Club Band, The Beatles and Abbey Road, after their break-up in 1970, they each enjoyed successful musical careers of varying lengths. McCartney and Starr, the members, remain musically active. Lennon was shot and killed in December 1980, and Harrison died of cancer in November 2001. The Beatles are the band in history, with estimated sales of over 600 million records worldwide. They have had more number-one albums on the British charts and sold more singles in the UK than any other act, according to the RIAA, the Beatles are also the best-selling music artists in the United States, with 178 million certified units. In 2008, the group topped Billboard magazines list of the all-time most successful Hot 100 artists, as of 2016 and they have received ten Grammy Awards, an Academy Award for Best Original Song Score and fifteen Ivor Novello Awards. The group was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1988 and they were also collectively included in Time magazines compilation of the twentieth centurys 100 most influential people. In March 1957, John Lennon, then aged sixteen, formed a group with several friends from Quarry Bank school. They briefly called themselves the Blackjacks, before changing their name to the Quarrymen after discovering that a local group was already using the other name. Fifteen-year-old Paul McCartney joined as a rhythm guitarist shortly after he, in February 1958, McCartney invited his friend George Harrison to watch the band. The fourteen-year-old auditioned for Lennon, impressing him with his playing, after a month of Harrisons persistence, they enlisted him as their lead guitarist. By January 1959, Lennons Quarry Bank friends had left the group, the three guitarists, billing themselves at least three times as Johnny and the Moondogs, were playing rock and roll whenever they could find a drummer. They used the name until May, when they became the Silver Beetles, before undertaking a tour of Scotland as the backing group for pop singer. By early July, they had changed their name to the Silver Beatles, allan Williams, the Beatles unofficial manager, arranged a residency for them in Hamburg, but lacking a full-time drummer they auditioned and hired Pete Best in mid-August 1960
3.
Chelsea boot
–
Chelsea boots are close-fitting, ankle-high boots with an elastic side panel. They often have a loop or tab of fabric on the back of the boot, the boot dates back to the Victorian era, when it was worn by both men and women. Chelsea boots and some of its variants were considered an element of the 1960s in Britain. The design is credited to Queen Victorias shoemaker Joseph Sparkes-Hall, in his advertising of the period, he refers to the boot as J. Sparkes-Halls Patent Elastic Ankle Boots. The boot became popular for riding as well as walking. Charles Goodyears development of vulcanised rubber enabled the invention of the elastic gusset boot, the advantage of elasticised boots meant they could be easily removed and put on again. By the late 1840s, the fashion began to catch on and this became a prominent style in the West until the onset of World War I. Beatle boots, as were Chelsea boots, were adopted by mods. Some modern versions of the boot have a side zip rather than an elastic panel, side-gusset shoes Beatle boots Riding boot www. blackchelseaboots. co. uk Gentlemans Gazette article showing original Sparkes-Hall advert for boot
4.
High-heeled footwear
–
High-heeled footwear is footwear that raises the heel of the wearers foot significantly higher than the toes. When both the heel and the toes are raised equal amounts, as in a shoe, it is technically not considered to be a high heel, however. High heels tend to give the illusion of longer, more slender legs. High heels come in a variety of styles, and the heels are found in many different shapes, including stiletto, pump, block, tapered, blade. The apparel industry would appear to take a view, the term high heels covers heels ranging from 2 to 5 inches or more. Extremely high-heeled shoes, such as those exceeding 6 inches, strictly speaking, are no longer considered apparel and they are worn for display or the enjoyment of the wearer. High heels are not a modern invention but there is confusion regarding when it was developed, research shows that high heels can be traced back to ancient Egypt. In the middle of the second millennium BC, Egyptians began to frequently uses sandals, retention was obtained generally by the Egyptians by a T or V thong passing through the sole. Egyptian butchers also wore heeled shoes for practical purposes, that is, things started to change when during the European renaissance, the high heel became a status symbol worn by both male and females from the higher social statuses. Catherine de Medici a Franco/Italian noblewomen pioneered the use of heels as a fashion statement, Catherine de Medici is believed to have worn them to impress the French court when she wed the Duke of Orleans, the future king. Two hundred years later King Louis XIV of France decreed that only nobility could wear heels, seventeenth-century portraits of King Louis XIV depict the various intricate heels worn by the king and they were often decorated with miniature battle scenes. During the 16th century, European royalty, such as Catherine de Medici and Mary I of England, by 1580, men wore them, and a person with authority or wealth was often referred to as well-heeled. Since the French Revolution the trend wearing high heels was ended to avoid any associating with the old aristocracy, since people wished to avoid the appearance of wealth, heels were largely eliminated from the common market for both men and women and replace by casual fashion and shoe wear. From the beginning of the Baroque the heel came back to shoes and it is sometimes suggested that raised heels were a response to the problem of the riders foot slipping forward in stirrups while riding. The riders heel, approximately 1 1⁄2 inches high, appeared in Europe around 1600 and these features are evident today in riding boots, notably cowboy boots. Since the Second World War, high heels have fallen in and out of fashion several times, most notably in the late 1990s. Lower heels were preferred during the late 1960s and early 1970s as well, the shape of the fashionable heel has changed from block to tapered, and stiletto. Today, high heels are typically worn with heights varying from a heel of 1.5 inches to a stiletto heel of 5 inches or more
5.
Flamenco shoe
–
A flamenco shoe is a type of shoe worn by flamenco dancers. They are typically worn by dancers, they are called flamenco heel. Male flamenco dancers traditionally wear short, heeled boots, although there are now some flamenco shoe styles available for men, flamenco shoes constructed for dance generally have small nails embedded in the toe and heel to enhance the sound of the dancers percussive footwork. The most common materials are leather and suede, although synthetic materials are used in certain grades of shoes. Heel types can include standard, carrete, or cubano with a size generally ranging from 4 cm to 7 cm. Heels are often covered by the material but may also be exposed wood. Fastenings may include elastic or leather straps, buckles, or laces, many contemporary flamenco shoe manufacturers sell varying quality grades of shoes aimed at dancers from amateur to semi-professional and professional levels. Shoe grades may be named differently by different manufacturers, professional-level shoes often have extra reinforcement and other enhancements for durability and sound quality. Historically, flamenco shoes were handcrafted in Spain, today, there are still many Spanish workshops specializing in the production of flamenco shoes
6.
John Lennon
–
John Winston Ono Lennon, MBE was an English singer and songwriter who co-founded the Beatles, the most commercially successful and musically influential band in the history of popular music. He and fellow member Paul McCartney formed a songwriting partnership. Born and raised in Liverpool, Lennon became involved in the craze as a teenager, his first band, the Quarrymen, first became the Silver Beatles. After his marriage to Yoko Ono in 1969, he added Ono as one of his middle names, Lennon disengaged himself from the music business in 1975 to raise his infant son Sean, but re-emerged with Ono in 1980 with the new album Double Fantasy. He was murdered three weeks after its release, Lennon revealed a rebellious nature and acerbic wit in his music, writing, drawings, on film and in interviews. By 2012, Lennons solo album sales in the United States exceeded 14 million and, as writer, co-writer, or performer, he is responsible for 25 number-one singles on the US Hot 100 chart. In 2002, a BBC poll on the 100 Greatest Britons voted him eighth and, in 2008, Rolling Stone ranked him the fifth-greatest singer of all time. He was posthumously inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame in 1987, and into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame twice, in 1988 as a member of the Beatles and in 1994 as a solo artist. Lennon was born in war-time England, on 9 October 1940 at Liverpool Maternity Hospital, to Julia and Alfred Lennon, a merchant seaman of Irish descent and his parents named him John Winston Lennon after his paternal grandfather, John Jack Lennon, and then-Prime Minister Winston Churchill. When he eventually came home six months later, he offered to look after the family, after her sister, Mimi Smith, twice complained to Liverpools Social Services, Julia handed the care of Lennon over to her. In July 1946 Lennons father visited Smith and took his son to Blackpool, Julia followed them—with her partner at the time, Bobby Dykins—and after a heated argument his father forced the five-year-old to choose between them. Lennon twice chose his father, but as his mother walked away, he began to cry and followed her, according to author Mark Lewisohn, Lennons parents agreed that Julia should take him and give him a home as Alf left again. A witness who was there that day, Billy Hall, has said the scene often portrayed with a young John Lennon having to make a decision between his parents never happened. It would be 20 years before he had contact with his father again, Throughout the rest of his childhood and adolescence he lived at Mendips,251 Menlove Avenue, Woolton with his aunt and uncle, Mimi and George Smith, who had no children of their own. His aunt purchased volumes of stories for him, and his uncle. In September 1980, Lennon commented about his family and his rebellious nature, Part of me would like to be accepted by all facets of society, but I cannot be what I am not. I was the one who all the other boys parents—including Pauls father—would say, the parents instinctively recognised I was a troublemaker, meaning I did not conform and I would influence their children, which I did. I did my best to disrupt every friends home, partly out of envy that I didnt have this so-called home
7.
Paul McCartney
–
Sir James Paul McCartney, MBE is an English singer-songwriter, multi-instrumentalist, and composer. With John Lennon, George Harrison, and Ringo Starr, he gained fame with the rock band the Beatles, largely considered the most popular. His songwriting partnership with Lennon is the most celebrated of the post-war era, after the bands break-up, he pursued a solo career and formed the band Wings with his first wife, Linda, and Denny Laine. McCartney has been recognised as one of the most successful composers and performers of all time, More than 2,200 artists have covered his Beatles song Yesterday, more than any other copyrighted song in history. Wings 1977 release Mull of Kintyre is one of the all-time best-selling singles in the UK.5 million RIAA-certified units in the United States. McCartney, Lennon, Harrison and Starr all received The Most Excellent Order of the British Empire in 1965, McCartney has released an extensive catalogue of songs as a solo artist and has composed classical and electronic music. He has taken part in projects to promote international charities related to subjects as animal rights, seal hunting, land mines, vegetarianism, poverty. He has married three times and is the father of five children, James Paul McCartney was born on 18 June 1942 in Walton Hospital, Liverpool, England, where his mother, Mary Patricia, had qualified to practise as a nurse. His father, James McCartney, was absent from his sons birth due to his work as a firefighter during World War II. Paul has one brother, Michael. Though the children were baptised in their mothers Catholic faith, their father was a former Protestant turned agnostic, McCartney attended Stockton Wood Road Primary School in Speke from 1947 until 1949, when he transferred to Joseph Williams Junior School in Belle Vale because of overcrowding at Stockton. In 1953, with three others out of ninety examinees, he passed the 11-Plus exam, meaning he could attend the Liverpool Institute. In 1954, he met schoolmate George Harrison on the bus from his home in Speke. The two quickly became friends, McCartney later admitted, I tended to talk down to him because he was a year younger. McCartneys mother Mary was a midwife and the primary wage earner, her earnings enabled them to move into 20 Forthlin Road in Allerton. She rode a bicycle to her patients, McCartney described an early memory of her leaving at about three in the morning streets, on 31 October 1956, when McCartney was fourteen, his mother died of an embolism. McCartneys loss later became a point of connection with John Lennon, whose mother, McCartneys father was a trumpet player and pianist, who had led Jim Macs Jazz Band in the 1920s. He kept a piano in the front room, encouraged his sons to be musical and advised Paul to take piano lessons
8.
The Beatles in Hamburg
–
The Beatles booking agent, Allan Williams, decided to send the group to Hamburg when another group he managed, Derry and the Seniors, proved successful there. Having no permanent drummer at the time, they recruited Best a few days before their departure, after breaking their contract by playing at another club, Harrison was deported for being under-age, and McCartney and Best were arrested and deported for attempted arson. The Beatles first met Astrid Kirchherr in Hamburg, who was instrumental in their adoption of the famous Beatle haircut, during their time in Hamburg, Sutcliffe decided to leave the group to continue his studies. In April 1962, less than a year after leaving the group, Hamburg had once been Germanys main seaport, the fourth largest in the world, but in 1943 virtually the entire city had been reduced to rubble by World War II bombing raids. By 1960, when they arrived, the Hamburg that had grown up from the ruins of WWII had established its reputation throughout Europe as a city of vice, in contrast to an economically depressed post-war Liverpool, Hamburg was a wealthy city. Williams, a 29-year-old Liverpool businessman and promoter, had sent his leading group, Derry and the Seniors to Hamburg, where they were enjoying success, and wanted to send an additional group. He initially tried to send Rory Storm and the Hurricanes, but Storm and his group were committed to a Butlins holiday camp and turned Williams offer down, as did Gerry and the Pacemakers. Williams started promoting concerts for The Beatles in May 1960, after they had played at his Jacaranda club in Liverpool, Harrison had seen Best playing with the Black Jacks in The Casbah Coffee Club. After the Black Jacks broke up, McCartney asked Best to go to Hamburg, the St. McCartneys father, Jim McCartney, was reluctant to let his teenage son go to Hamburg, but relented after a visit from Williams, who told him that he shouldnt worry. Lennons aunt, Mimi Smith, was reluctant to allow Lennon to go to Hamburg, wanting Lennon to continue his studies. Best had an audition in Williams Jacaranda club on 15 August 1960, Williams later admitted that the audition with Best was not needed, as they had not found any other drummer willing to travel to Hamburg, but did not tell Best in case he asked for more money. The group were to be paid about £100 per week, which was more than promoters in Liverpool paid. Williams drove the group and their equipment in his Austin J4 minibus which was loaded by crane onto a ferry at Harwich on 16 August 1960, as Williams had not obtained work permits for West Germany, they were detained at Harwich for five hours. Williams finally convinced the authorities that they were students on holiday, note, Lord Woodbine and Williams ran a Strip Club called New Cabaret Artistes club at 174a Upper Parliament Street, Liverpool. Lennon, McCartney, Harrison and Sutcliffe once played backing music for Janice the Stripper there, the Reeperbahn and the Grosse Freiheit were decorated with neon lights, with posters advertising the performers in the clubs. Each club had a doorman whose job was to entice customers inside, customers who would not, or could not afford to pay were dealt with severely by being beaten and then thrown out. The Beatles arrived very early in the morning of 17 August 1960, unfortunately the Indra Club was closed, so a manager from a neighbouring club found someone to open it up, and the group slept on the red leather seats in the alcoves. The group played at the club on the night, but were told they could sleep in a small cinemas storeroom, which was cold and in very poor condition
9.
Michael Jackson
–
Michael Joseph Jackson was an American singer, songwriter, record producer, dancer, actor, and philanthropist. Called the King of Pop, his contributions to music, dance, the eighth child of the Jackson family, Michael made his professional debut in 1964 with his elder brothers Jackie, Tito, Jermaine, and Marlon as a member of the Jackson 5. He began his career in 1971. In the early 1980s, Jackson became a dominant figure in popular music, the popularity of these videos helped bring the television channel MTV to fame. Jacksons 1987 album Bad spawned the U. S and he continued to innovate with videos such as Black or White and Scream throughout the 1990s, and forged a reputation as a touring solo artist. Through stage and video performances, Jackson popularized a number of complicated dance techniques, such as the robot and his distinctive sound and style has influenced numerous artists of various music genres. Thriller is the album of all time, with estimated sales of 65 million copies worldwide. Jacksons other albums, including Off the Wall, Bad, Dangerous and he is recognized as the Most Successful Entertainer of All Time by Guinness World Records. Jackson won hundreds of awards, making him the most awarded recording artist in the history of popular music. He became the first artist in history to have a top ten single in the Billboard Hot 100 in five different decades when Love Never Felt So Good reached number nine on May 21,2014. Jackson traveled the world attending events honoring his humanitarianism, and, in 2000, aspects of Jacksons personal life, including his changing appearance, personal relationships, and behavior, generated controversy. In 1993, he was accused of sexual abuse, but the civil case was settled out of court for an undisclosed amount. In 2005, he was tried and acquitted of child sexual abuse allegations. While preparing for his concert series, This Is It, Jackson died of acute propofol and benzodiazepine intoxication on June 25,2009. The Los Angeles County Coroner ruled his death a homicide, and his personal physician, Jacksons death triggered a global outpouring of grief, and a live broadcast of his public memorial service was viewed around the world. Forbes ranks Jackson as the dead celebrity with earnings of $825 million in 2016. Michael Joseph Jackson was born on August 29,1958 and his mother, Katherine Esther Scruse, was a devout Jehovahs Witness. She played clarinet and piano and once aspired to be a country-and-western performer, michaels father, Joseph Walter Joe Jackson, a former boxer, was a steelworker at U. S. Steel
10.
Elvis Presley
–
Elvis Aaron Presley was an American singer and actor. Regarded as one of the most significant cultural icons of the 20th century, he is referred to as the King of Rock and Roll. Presley was born in Tupelo, Mississippi, and relocated to Memphis and his music career began there in 1954, when he recorded a song with producer Sam Phillips at Sun Records. Accompanied by guitarist Scotty Moore and bassist Bill Black, Presley was a popularizer of rockabilly. RCA Victor acquired his contract in a deal arranged by Colonel Tom Parker, Presleys first RCA single, Heartbreak Hotel, was released in January 1956 and became a number-one hit in the United States. He was regarded as the figure of rock and roll after a series of successful network television appearances. In November 1956, Presley made his debut in Love Me Tender. In 1958, he was drafted into military service, in 1973, Presley featured in the first globally broadcast concert via satellite, Aloha from Hawaii. Several years of drug abuse severely damaged his health. Presley is one of the most celebrated and influential musicians of the 20th century and he won three Grammys, also receiving the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award at age 36, and has been inducted into multiple music halls of fame. Presley was born on January 8,1935, in Tupelo, Mississippi, to Gladys Love and Vernon Elvis Presley, Jesse Garon Presley, his identical twin brother, was delivered stillborn 35 minutes before his own birth. Thus, as a child, Presley became close to both parents and formed an especially close bond with his mother. The family attended an Assembly of God, where he found his musical inspiration. Although he was in conflict with the Pentecostal church in his later years, rev. Rex Humbard officiated at his funeral, as Presley had been an admirer of Humbards ministry. Presleys ancestry was primarily a Western European mix, including Scots-Irish, Scottish, German, gladyss great-great-grandmother, Morning Dove White, was possibly a Cherokee Native American. Gladys was regarded by relatives and friends as the dominant member of the small family, Vernon moved from one odd job to the next, evincing little ambition. The family often relied on help from neighbors and government food assistance, the Presleys survived the F5 tornado in the 1936 Tupelo–Gainesville tornado outbreak. In 1938, they lost their home after Vernon was found guilty of kiting a check written by the landowner, Orville S. Bean and he was jailed for eight months, and Gladys and Elvis moved in with relatives
11.
James Brown
–
James Joseph Brown was an American singer, songwriter, record producer, dancer, and bandleader. The creator of music and a major figure of 20th century popular music and dance. In a career spanned six decades, he influenced the development of several music genres. Brown began his career as a singer in Toccoa, Georgia. He joined an R&B vocal group, the Gospel Starlighters, in which he was the lead singer. His success peaked in the 1960s with the live album Live at the Apollo and hit singles such as Papas Got a Brand New Bag, I Got You and Its a Mans Mans Mans World. During the late 1960s he moved from a continuum of blues and gospel-based forms, by the early 1970s, Brown had fully established the funk sound after the formation of the J. B. s with records such as Get Up Sex Machine and The Payback. He also became noted for songs of social commentary, including the 1968 hit Say It Loud – Im Black, Brown continued to perform and record until his death from congestive heart failure in 2006. Brown recorded 16 singles that reached number one on the Billboard R&B charts and he also holds the record for the most singles listed on the Billboard Hot 100 chart which did not reach number one. Brown has received honors from many institutions, including inductions into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, in Joel Whitburns analysis of the Billboard R&B charts from 1942 to 2010, James Brown is ranked as number one in The Top 500 Artists. He is ranked seventh on the music magazine Rolling Stones list of its 100 greatest artists of all time, Rolling Stone has also cited Brown as the most sampled artist of all time. Brown was born on May 3,1933, in Barnwell, South Carolina, to 16-year-old Susie and 22-year-old Joseph Joe Gardner Brown, in a small wooden shack. Browns name was supposed to have been Joseph James Brown, Jr. however, his first and he later legally changed his name to remove Jr. His parents were black, in his autobiography, Brown stated that he also had Chinese and Native American ancestry. The Brown family lived in poverty in Elko, South Carolina. They later moved to Augusta, Georgia, when James was four or five and his family first settled at one of his aunts brothels. They later moved into a house shared with another aunt, Browns mother later left the family after a contentious marriage and moved to New York. Brown spent long stretches of time on his own, hanging out in the streets and he managed to stay in school until the sixth grade
12.
Roy Orbison
–
Roy Kelton Orbison, nicknamed the Big O, was an American singer-songwriter and musician, known for his distinctive, impassioned voice, complex compositions and dark emotional ballads. The combination led many critics to describe his music as operatic, between 1960 and 1964,22 of his songs placed on the Billboard Top 40, including Only the Lonely, Crying, and Oh, Pretty Woman. Orbison grew up in Texas and began singing in a rockabilly and country and he was signed by Sun Records in 1956, but his greatest success came with Monument Records in the early 1960s. His career stagnated in the 1970s, but was revived by several versions of his songs. In 1988, he was a member of the Traveling Wilburys supergroup, along with George Harrison, Bob Dylan, Tom Petty and he recorded his last solo album, Mystery Girl, the same year but died of a heart attack shortly thereafter. While most male rock and roll performers in the 1950s and 1960s projected a defiant masculinity, many of Orbisons songs instead conveyed a quiet, almost desperate and his voice ranged from baritone to tenor, and music scholars have suggested that he had a three- or four-octave range. During performances, he was known for standing still and solitary, and for wearing black clothes and dark sunglasses, which lent an air of mystery to his persona. His honors include inductions into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1987, the Nashville Songwriters Hall of Fame in the year. Rolling Stone placed him at number 37 on their list of the Greatest Artists of All Time, in 2002, Billboard magazine listed Orbison at number 74 in the Top 600 recording artists. Roy Kelton Orbison was born in Vernon, Texas, the son of Orbie Lee Orbison, an oil well driller and car mechanic, and Nadine Vesta Shults. Both of his parents were unemployed during the Great Depression and, searching for work, moved the family to Fort Worth, Texas and he attended Denver Avenue Elementary School until a polio scare prompted the family to return to Vernon. Later, they moved to Wink, Texas, Orbison later described life in Wink as football, oil fields, oil, grease and sand and expressed relief that he was able to leave the desolate town. All the Orbison children were afflicted with poor eyesight, Roy used thick corrective lenses from an early age and he was not confident about his appearance and began dyeing his nearly-white hair black when he was still young. He was quiet and self-effacing, remarkably polite and obliging — a product, biographer Alan Clayson wrote and he was readily available to sing, however, and often became the focus of attention when he did. He considered his voice memorable, if not great, on Roys sixth birthday, his father gave him a guitar. He later recalled that by the age of seven, I was finished, you know, for anything else and his major musical influence as a youth was country music. He was particularly moved by Lefty Frizzells singing, with its slurred syllables and he also enjoyed Hank Williams and Jimmie Rodgers. One of the first musicians he heard in person was Ernest Tubb, in West Texas, he was exposed to many forms of music, sepia, Tex-Mex, the orchestral arrangements of Mantovani and cajun
13.
Jimi Hendrix
–
James Marshall Jimi Hendrix was an American rock guitarist, singer, and songwriter. The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame describes him as arguably the greatest instrumentalist in the history of rock music, born in Seattle, Washington, Hendrix began playing guitar at the age of 15. In 1961, he enlisted in the U. S. Army and trained as a paratrooper in the 101st Airborne Division, within months, Hendrix had earned three UK top ten hits with the Jimi Hendrix Experience, Hey Joe, Purple Haze, and The Wind Cries Mary. Hendrix was inspired musically by American rock and roll and electric blues and he favored overdriven amplifiers with high volume and gain, and was instrumental in utilizing the previously undesirable sounds caused by guitar amplifier feedback. He helped to popularize the use of a pedal in mainstream rock. Holly George-Warren of Rolling Stone commented, Hendrix pioneered the use of the instrument as a sound source. Hendrix was the recipient of several awards during his lifetime. In 1967, readers of Melody Maker voted him the Pop Musician of the Year, disc and Music Echo honored him with the World Top Musician of 1969 and in 1970, Guitar Player named him the Rock Guitarist of the Year. The Jimi Hendrix Experience was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1992, Jimi Hendrix was of African American descent. Both his mother Lucille and father Al were African Americans and his paternal grandmother, Zenora Nora Rose Moore, was African American and one-quarter Cherokee. On June 10,1919, Hendrix and Moore had a son they named James Allen Ross Hendrix, in 1941, Al met Lucille Jeter at a dance in Seattle, they married on March 31,1942. Al, who had been drafted by the U. S. Army to serve in World War II, Johnny Allen Hendrix was born on November 27,1942, in Seattle, he was the first of Lucilles five children. In 1946, Johnnys parents changed his name to James Marshall Hendrix, in honor of Al and he spent two months locked up without trial, and while in the stockade received a telegram announcing his sons birth. During Als three-year absence, Lucille struggled to raise their son, when Al was away, Hendrix was mostly cared for by family members and friends, especially Lucilles sister Delores Hall and her friend Dorothy Harding. Al received a discharge from the U. S. Army on September 1,1945. After returning from service, Al reunited with Lucille, but his inability to find steady work left the family impoverished and they both struggled with alcohol, and often fought when intoxicated. The violence sometimes drove Hendrix to withdraw and hide in a closet in their home and his relationship with his brother Leon was close but precarious, with Leon in and out of foster care, they lived with an almost constant threat of fraternal separation. In addition to Leon, Hendrix had three siblings, Joseph, born in 1949, Kathy in 1950, and Pamela,1951, all of whom Al and Lucille gave up to foster care
14.
Neil Tennant
–
Neil Francis Tennant is an English musician, singer, songwriter and co-founder of the synthpop duo Pet Shop Boys, which he formed with Chris Lowe in 1981. He also was a journalist for Smash Hits, and was assistant editor for the magazine for a period in the mid-1980s. Neil Francis Tennant was born in North Shields, a port near Newcastle upon Tyne to William W. Tennant, a sales representative. He has a sister, Susan, and two younger brothers, Simon and Philip. The family moved to a house in Greenfield Road, Brunton Park. As a child, Tennant attended St. Cuthberts Grammar School, Tennants songs This Must Be the Place I Waited Years to Leave and Its a Sin refer to his early life in Catholic school and the strict upbringing there. While at school, Tennant played guitar and cello, at age sixteen, he played in a folk music group called Dust, whose most popular song was called Can You Hear the Dawn Break. They were heavily influenced by The Incredible String Band, during his teenage years, he was a member of the youth theatre at the Peoples Theatre, Newcastle upon Tyne. In 1975, having completed a degree in history at North London Polytechnic and he was responsible for anglicising the dialogue of Marvels catalogue to suit British readers, and for indicating where women needed to be redrawn for the British editions. He also wrote occasional features for the comics, including interviews with pop stars Marc Bolan, in 1977, he moved to Macdonald Educational Publishing where he edited The Dairy Book Of Home Management and various illustrated books about cookery, playing the guitar, and other home interests. Then he moved to ITV Books where he edited TV tie-in books, the following year he became Assistant Editor. He also edited the 1982,1983 and 1984 editions of The Smash Hits Yearbook, at Smash Hits, an opportunity arose for him to go to New York to interview The Police. While there, Tennant arranged to meet Bobby Orlando, a producer whom both he and Lowe admired, Tennant mentioned that he was writing songs in his spare time and Orlando agreed to record some tracks with him and Lowe at a later date. Orlando subsequently produced the Pet Shop Boys first single, West End Girls, alongside his work with Chris Lowe as Pet Shop Boys, Tennant has worked on several side projects including, In 2014, Tennant provided vocal on Were You There by Diamond Version. In 2008, Tennants vocals featured in The Killers Christmas song Joseph, Better You Than Me alongside Brandon Flowers, in 2007, Tennant co-produced Rufus Wainwrights album Release the Stars. In June 2006, Tennant provided backing vocals on Throw by DJ Fresh, in 2005, Tennant provided lyrics and sang on the track Tranquilizer by DJ Tom Stephan. Under numerous guises and aliases, Stephan had previously remixed Pet Shop Boys tracks such as Paninaro 95, Minimal, New York City boy, in 1998, along with Neil Hannon of The Divine Comedy, Tennant sang backing vocals on the Robbie Williams single No Regrets. In April 1996, Tennants vocals were featured on two recordings by the British group Suede that were released as b-sides to their single Filmstar
15.
The Doors
–
The Doors were an American rock band formed in 1965 in Los Angeles, with vocalist Jim Morrison, keyboardist Ray Manzarek, guitarist Robby Krieger, and drummer John Densmore. They were unique and among the most controversial and influential acts of the 1960s, mostly because of Morrisons lyrics and charismatic. After Morrisons death in 1971 at age 27, the members continued as a trio until disbanding in 1973. Signing with Elektra Records in 1966, The Doors released eight albums between 1967 and 1971, All but one hit the Top 10 on the Billboard 200 and went platinum or better. By the end of 1971, it was reported that The Doors had sold 4,190,457 albums domestically and 7,750,642 singles. The band had three million-selling singles in the U. S. with Light My Fire, Hello, I Love You, after Morrisons death in 1971, the surviving trio released two albums Other Voices and Full Circle with Manzarek and Krieger sharing lead vocals. The three members also collaborated on the spoken word recording of Morrisons An American Prayer in 1978, Manzarek, Krieger and Densmore reunited in 2000 for an episode of VH1s Storytellers and subsequently recorded Stoned Immaculate, The Music of The Doors with a variety of vocalists. Although the Doors active career ended in 1973, their popularity has persisted, According to the RIAA, they have sold 33 million certified units in the US and over 100 million records worldwide, making them one of the best-selling bands of all time. The Doors have been listed as one of the greatest artists of all time by many magazines, including Rolling Stone, the Doors were the first American band to accumulate eight consecutive gold and platinum LPs. In 2002, Manzarek and Krieger started playing again, branding themselves as the Doors of the 21st Century. Densmore opted to sit out and, along with the Morrison estate, sued the duo over proper use of the bands name and won. After a short time as Riders On the Storm, they settled on the name Manzarek-Krieger and continued to tour until Manzareks death in 2013 at the age of 74. Three of the studio albums, the self-titled debut, L. A. Woman, and Strange Days, were featured in Rolling Stones 500 Greatest Albums of All Time, at positions 42,362. According to The Washington Posts Martin Weil, the rose to the center of the counterculture of the 1960s. The Doors were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1993, Morrison told Manzarek he had been writing songs and with Manzareks encouragement sang Moonlight Drive. The members came from a musical background of jazz, rock, blues. In August, Densmore joined the group, which had renamed the Doors. This has circulated widely since then as a bootleg recording, in mid-1965, after Manzareks two brothers left, the group recruited guitarist Robby Krieger and the best-known lineup – Morrison, Manzarek, Krieger and Densmore – was complete
16.
The Kinks
–
The Kinks were an English rock band formed in Muswell Hill, North London, in 1964 by brothers Ray and Dave Davies. They are regarded as one of the most important and influential bands of the era. The band emerged during the height of British rhythm and blues and Merseybeat and their third single, the Ray Davies-penned You Really Got Me, became an international hit, topping the charts in the United Kingdom and reaching the Top 10 in the United States. Between the mid-1960s and early 1970s, the released a string of hit singles, studio albums drew good reviews. Their music was influenced by a range of genres, including rhythm and blues, British music hall, folk. They gained a reputation for reflecting English culture and lifestyle, fuelled by Ray Davies observational writing style, in addition, groups such as Van Halen, the Jam, the Knack, the Pretenders and the Fall covered their songs, helping to boost the Kinks record sales. In the 1990s, Britpop acts such as Blur and Oasis cited the band as a major influence, the Kinks broke up in 1996, a result of the commercial failures of their last few albums and creative tension between the Davies brothers. Ray Davies and Dave Davies remained members throughout the groups 32-year run, longest-serving member Mick Avory was replaced by Bob Henrit, formerly of Argent, in 1984. Original bassist Pete Quaife was replaced by John Dalton in 1969, session keyboardist Nicky Hopkins accompanied the band in the studio for many of their recordings in the mid-to-late 1960s. In 1969 the band became an official five-piece when keyboardist John Gosling joined them, being replaced by Ian Gibbons in 1979, the group had five Top 10 singles on the US Billboard chart. Nine of their albums charted in the Top 40, in the UK, the group had seventeen Top 20 singles and five Top 10 albums. Four of their albums have been certified gold by the RIAA and have gone on to sell over 50 million albums worldwide, among numerous honours, they received the Ivor Novello Award for Outstanding Service to British Music. In 1990, the four members of the Kinks were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. The Davies brothers were born in suburban North London on Huntingdon Road, East Finchley and their parents, Frederick and Annie Davies, moved the family to 6 Denmark Terrace, Fortis Green, in the neighbouring suburb of Muswell Hill. At home they were immersed in a world of varied styles, from the music hall of their parents generation to the jazz and early rock. Both Ray and his brother Dave, younger by almost three years, learned to play guitar, and they played skiffle and rock and roll together. The brothers attended William Grimshaw Secondary Modern School, where formed a band. Their debut at a dance was well received, which encouraged the group to play at local pubs
17.
The Sonics
–
The Sonics are an American garage rock band from Tacoma, Washington that formed in 1960. They played a mixture of rock standards, early rock and roll and original compositions such as Strychnine, Psycho. The Sonics were formed in 1960 in Tacoma, Washington, by teen-aged guitarist Larry Parypa, the earliest lineup included Parypa, drummer Mitch Jaber, and guitarist Stuart Turner, Parypas brother Jerry briefly played saxophone, and their mother occasionally filled in on bass at rehearsals. In 1961, Parypas older brother Andy became the bass player, when Turner left for the army, Rich Koch joined as lead guitarist, and Marilyn Lodge became their first singer, the band having been an instrumental combo up to that point. A new drummer, Bill Dean, replaced Jaber, Koch and Lodge left the band in 1963. Local star Ray Michelsen became the singer after having sung with several other popular bands on the local scene. Ray Michelsen was looking to leave the band, so the Parypas hired Bennett, Roslie, and Lind, the well-known lineup was in place, but the Sonics career did not begin in earnest until 1964, when Gerry Roslie started singing lead vocals. They were soon scouted by Buck Ormsby, bassist for popular Northwest band the Wailers and their first single was The Witch, in November 1964. It was recorded on a tape recorder, with only one microphone to pick up the entire drum kit. It was here that they began to some of their infamously reckless recording techniques. A second album, Boom, followed in February 1966, during the recording, the Sonics ripped the soundproofing off the walls at the country and western-oriented Wiley/Griffith studio in Tacoma to get a live-er sound. The covers of both feature the moody photography of Jini Dellaccio. The band, however, was not satisfied with the material on Introducing the Sonics, the original band fell apart between 1966 and 1968, with members leaving to attend university or join other bands, saxophonist Rob Lind became a fighter pilot in the Vietnam War. The original Sonics reunited briefly in 1972 for a show at Seattles Paramount Theater. In 1980, a new Sonics fronted by Gerry Roslie recorded the album Sinderella, the emergence of punk rock in the late 70s and grunge in the 90s led to new interest in the Sonics, and much of their material was re-released by labels in the US and Europe. Larry and Andy Parypa continued performing with bands in the Northwest, while Roslie, Lind. A further surge of interest in the Sonics was sparked by the use of their version of Richard Berrys Have Love. In 2007, the Sonics reunited again, this time for the Cavestomp garage rock festival in Brooklyn
18.
The Yardbirds
–
The Yardbirds are an English rock band formed in London in 1963 that had a string of hits during the mid-1960s, including For Your Love, Heart Full of Soul and Over Under Sideways Down. The group launched the careers of guitarists Eric Clapton, Jimmy Page, the band reformed in the 1990s, featuring McCarty, Dreja and new members. The Yardbirds were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1992 and they were included in Rolling Stones list of the 100 Greatest Artists of All Time, and ranked No.37 on VH1s 100 Greatest Artists of Hard Rock. The group formed in the south-west London suburbs in 1963, Relf and Samwell-Smith were originally in a band named the Metropolitan Blues Quartet. After being joined by Dreja, McCarty and Top Topham in late May, the quintet achieved notice on the burgeoning British rhythm and blues scene that month when they took over as the house band at the Crawdaddy Club in Richmond, succeeding the Rolling Stones. Original lead guitarist Topham left and was replaced by Eric Clapton in October 1963, Crawdaddy Club impresario Giorgio Gomelsky became the Yardbirds manager and first record producer. Under Gomelskys guidance the Yardbirds signed to EMIs Columbia label in February 1964 and their first album was the live, Five Live Yardbirds, recorded at the legendary Marquee Club in London. Blues legend Sonny Boy Williamson II invited the group to tour Britain and Germany with him, a union that later engendered another live album. The Clapton line-up cut two singles, I Wish You Would and Good Morning, School Girl, before the band scored its first major hit with the next, For Your Love and it sold over one million copies and went gold. But Clapton was a blues purist whose vision extended far beyond three-minute singles, frustrated by the commercial approach, he abruptly left the group on 25 March 1965, the day that For Your Love was released to the public. Soon Clapton joined John Mayall & the Bluesbreakers, but not before he recommended Jimmy Page, unwilling to give up his lucrative gig and worried about his health, Page in turn recommended his friend Jeff Beck. Beck played his first gig with the Yardbirds only two days after Claptons departure, Beck was voted No.1 lead guitarist of 1966 in the British music magazine Beat Instrumental. The band embarked on their first U. S. tour in late August 1965, a pair of albums were put together for the U. S. market, For Your Love, and Having a Rave Up, half of which came from Five Live Yardbirds. There were three more U. S. tours during Becks time with the group, a brief European tour took place in April 1966. In June 1966, shortly after the sessions that produced Yardbirds, Samwell-Smith decided to leave the group, Jimmy Page agreed to play bass until rhythm guitarist Dreja could rehearse on it. A Beck–Page lead guitar tandem, however, is heard on the psychedelic rock highlight Happenings Ten Years Time Ago. It was backed in the U. K. with Psycho Daisies, with Beck on lead and Page on bass, stroll On features a twin lead-guitar break by Beck and Page. Their appearance in Blowup came after the Who declined and the In-Crowd were unable to attend the filming, the Velvet Underground were also considered for the part but were unable to acquire UK work permits
19.
The Byrds
–
The Byrds /ˈbɜːrdz/ were an American rock band, formed in Los Angeles, California in 1964. The band underwent multiple changes throughout its existence, with frontman Roger McGuinn remaining the sole consistent member. Initially, they pioneered the genre of folk rock, melding the influence of the Beatles and other British Invasion bands with contemporary. As the 1960s progressed, the band was influential in originating psychedelic rock, raga rock. The bands signature blend of clear harmony singing and McGuinns jangly twelve-string Rickenbacker guitar has continued to be influential on popular music up to the present day, among the bands most enduring songs are their cover versions of Bob Dylans Mr. Tambourine Man and Pete Seegers Turn. Turn. along with the originals, Ill Feel a Whole Lot Better, Eight Miles High, So You Want to Be a Rock n Roll Star, Ballad of Easy Rider. The original five-piece lineup of the Byrds consisted of Jim McGuinn, Gene Clark, David Crosby, Chris Hillman, and Michael Clarke. However, this version of the band was relatively short-lived and by early 1966, Clark had left due to associated with anxiety. The Byrds continued as a quartet until late 1967, when Crosby, McGuinn and Hillman decided to recruit new members, including country rock pioneer Gram Parsons, but by late 1968, Hillman and Parsons had also exited the band. McGuinn disbanded the current lineup in early 1973, to make way for a reunion of the original quintet. The Byrds final album was released in March 1973, with the group disbanding soon afterwards. In the late 1980s, Gene Clark and Michael Clarke both began touring as the Byrds, prompting a legal challenge from McGuinn, Crosby, and Hillman over the rights to the bands name. As a result of this, McGuinn, Crosby, and Hillman performed a series of concerts as the Byrds in 1989 and 1990. In January 1991, the Byrds were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, McGuinn, Crosby, and Hillman still remain active but Gene Clark died of a heart attack in May 1991, and Michael Clarke died of liver failure in December 1993. The nucleus of the Byrds formed in early 1964, when Jim McGuinn, Gene Clark, All three musicians had a background rooted in folk music, with each one having worked as a folk singer on the acoustic coffeehouse circuit during the early 1960s. McGuinn had also spent time as a songwriter at the Brill Building in New York City. By early 1964, McGuinn had become enamored with the music of the Beatles, soon after, David Crosby introduced himself to the duo at The Troubadour and began harmonizing with them on some of their songs. Impressed by the blend of their voices, the three formed a trio and named themselves the Jet Set, a moniker inspired by McGuinns love of aeronautics
20.
The Beach Boys
–
The Beach Boys are an American rock band formed in Hawthorne, California in 1961. The groups original lineup consisted of brothers Brian, Dennis, and Carl Wilson, their cousin Mike Love, distinguished by their vocal harmonies and early surf songs, they are one of the most influential acts of the rock era. The Beach Boys began as a band managed by the Wilsons father Murry. Emerging at the vanguard of the California Sound, they performed material that reflected a southern California youth culture of surfing, cars. After 1964, they abandoned the surfing aesthetic for more personal lyrics, in 1966, the Pet Sounds album and Good Vibrations single vaulted the group to the top level of rock innovators and established the band as symbols of the nascent counterculture era. Following Smiles dissolution, Brian gradually ceded production and songwriting duties to the rest of the band, reducing his input because of mental health and substance abuse issues. The continued success of their greatest hits albums during the mid 1970s precipitated the transition into an oldies act. Since the 1980s, much-publicized legal wrangling over royalties, songwriting credits, Dennis drowned in 1983 and Carl died of lung cancer in 1998. After Carls death, many live configurations of the band fronted by Mike Love, Even though Wilson and Jardine have not performed with Love and Johnstons band since their one-off 2012 reunion tour, they remain a part of the Beach Boys corporation, Brother Records Inc. The Beach Boys are one of the most critically acclaimed, commercially successful, the group had over eighty songs chart worldwide, thirty-six of them US Top 40 hits, four reaching number-one on the Billboard Hot 100 chart. They received their only Grammy Award for The Smile Sessions, the core quintet of the three Wilsons, Love and Jardine were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1988. At the time of his birthday on June 20,1958, Brian Wilson shared a bedroom with his brothers, Dennis and Carl – aged thirteen and eleven. He had watched his father, Murry Wilson, play piano, after dissecting songs such as Ivory Tower and Good News, Brian would teach family members how to sing the background harmonies. For his birthday that year, Brian received a tape recorder. He learned how to overdub, using his vocals and those of Carl, Brian played piano with Carl and David Marks, an eleven-year-old longtime neighbor, playing guitars they had each received as Christmas presents. Soon Brian and Carl were avidly listening to Johnny Otis KFOX radio show, inspired by the simple structure and vocals of the rhythm and blues songs he heard, Brian changed his piano-playing style and started writing songs. His enthusiasm interfered with his studies at school. Family gatherings brought the Wilsons in contact with cousin Mike Love, Brian taught Loves sister Maureen and a friend harmonies
21.
Steve Lukather
–
Steven Lee Steve Lukather is an American guitarist, singer, songwriter, arranger and record producer, best known for his work with the rock band Toto. A prolific session musician, Lukather has recorded tracks for more than 1,500 albums representing a broad array of artists. He has also contributed to albums and hit singles as a songwriter, arranger and producer, Lukather has released seven solo albums, the latest of which, Transition, was released in January 2013. In 1976, when Lukather was nineteen years old, he was invited by his school friends David Paich. He has been a member of the band ever since it began, Lukathers reputation as a guitarist and his association with Paich and Jeff Porcaro, who also became established artists, allowed him to secure a solid flow of session work in the 1970s and 1980s. Lukather has been nominated for twelve Grammy Awards, and has won five, while his work with Toto was predominantly based on pop rock music and his solo work ventures into progressive rock and hard rock, many of Lukathers side-projects are focused on jazz fusion. Influenced by such guitarists as Jimi Hendrix and Jimmy Page. He is also recognized for his efficiency in the studio, often recording tracks in one take using minimal sound processing. While he once used many effects in the studio and on stage, he now frequently disparages such practice. Lukather plays primarily an electric guitar manufactured by Ernie Ball Music Man bearing his nickname. He also plays Yamaha and Ovation Adamas series acoustic–electric guitars, steven Lee Lukather was born on October 21,1957, in San Fernando Valley, California. In an interview with online publication Guitarhoo and he said, I had a music teacher in Grammar school that made me play the violin. I had been playing guitar for a year, and they had NO use for a guitar player, Lukather has said that the album changed his life and that he was greatly influenced by the guitar playing of George Harrison in particular. In high school, Lukather met David Paich and the Porcaro brothers, Lukather, who had been a self-taught musician, began taking guitar lessons from Jimmy Wyble. With Wyble, Lukather expanded his knowledge of aspects of music. Jeff Porcaro, who had been playing drums with Steely Dan since 1973, became a mentor to Lukather, Lukather is the original lead guitarist for Toto, serving in that capacity for the bands entire history, as well as a lead and backing vocalist and composer. Lukather won three of his five Grammy Awards for work with Toto, twice as an artist and once as a producer, David Paich led the bands songwriting efforts during the development of 1978s Toto—he penned all but two of the albums tracks, including all four of its singles. Lukather also credits Jeff Porcaro for his leadership within the band during that period, however, Lukathers role in Toto evolved over time owing to the changing needs of the band
22.
Ryan Ross
–
Ross and former Panic bassist Jon Walker are the founding members of the band The Young Veins, in which Ross is the lead singer. Born in Las Vegas, Nevada, Ross got a guitar for Christmas when he was 12, Ross and Smith mostly covered Blink-182 songs with Ross on vocals. Their two-piece band was originally called Pet Salamander, Ross wrote lyrics to his first song when he was 14 years old. They teamed up with Brent Wilson and another boy named Trevor Howell on guitar to make Summer League before they met Brendon Urie, Ross, alongside with Spencer Smith formed Panic. at the Disco in 2004, later joined by Brent Wilson and Brendon Urie. The bands debut album, A Fever You Cant Sweat Out was recorded between the frame of June to September 2005 and was released on September 27,2005. With much success and touring of their album, the band went back into the studio on October 2007 to record what has come to be the bandss second studio album. Odd. which was released on March 25,2008, the sound greatly differed to the debut album. This was the last studio album Ross has contributed to with Panic. at the Disco, until he was credited for writing on Panic. at the Discos third studio album, Vices & Virtues. On July 13,2009, Ross spoke with MTV about his split from the Panic. at the Disco and he stated that the split had been in the cards for sometime now. It just took everyone a while to realize it, Ross told MTV that he and the remaining members of Panic. at the Disco are still good friends and had recently spoken over the Fourth of July weekend. Ross spoke about his and Walkers upcoming project as well and he and Walker are writing and recording songs at a lightning-quick pace, and theyll soon be revealing the fruits of their labor. Since then, their new band called The Young Veins has released their song Change onto the Internet, the songs are shorter and faster, and I guess theyre more rock and roll than flowery stuff. He talked about how there is not going to be any orchestration on the album. Odd. which was loaded with orchestration and he and Walker are also recording with the help of Alex Greenwald from Phantom Planet along with Panic. s former touring keyboard player, Eric Ronick. According to Ross, he and Walker are trying to release their new single tentatively titled, however, Ross is contractually bound to Fueled By Ramen to provide new music whereas Walker is not. Its just been taking time to get worked out. On October 16, Ross had an interview with MTV saying that their first record, Take a Vacation. is done, the Young Veins were signed to One Haven Music and their debut was released on June 8,2010. On December 10,2010, The Young Veins entered on a hiatus period, in 2013, Ross released a two-track untitled demo EP as well as a couple of other songs through his official SoundCloud page
23.
Daedalus Howell
–
Daedalus Howell, is an American writer, journalist, filmmaker and conceptual artist who lives and works in Petaluma, California. He wrote the novel Quantum Deadline and a collection of essays as I Heart Sonoma, How to Live. Howell is author of the novel Quantum Deadline, part one of the Lumaville Labyrinth series and he also wrote the novel The Late Projectionist and is the writer-director of dozens of short films. As a broadcast personality, Howell has hosted shows on KWMR and KSVY and he wrote a weekly column for the Sonoma Index-Tribune. He has also penned a column for the North Bay Bohemian and was credited as the wine country editor of Tasting Panel Magazine. With collaborator Jerry Rapp, Howell wrote and directed the R&H Educational Film Series, the series has played on Showtime and Canal+. A portion of the series was showcased on IFC, Howell has also directed music videos for RCA-signed Longwave and New York City-based Falcon. Howell also co-produced the feature film The Aviary and ran publicity for Deep Dark Canyon for filmmakers Silver Tree and he is the star of Replica Redux, the re-released version of cult film Replica, which was directed by Raymond Scott Daigle and released on YouTube in 2012. A night-in-the-life of several copy store employees, Howell plays a beleaguered nightshift manager whose life collapses in the course of several hours, the entire film was shot after hours in a Fed-Ex Kinkos without corporate knowledge. Howell wears a uniform of a dark blazer, jeans and Beatle boots. In 2007, Howell placed first in the Association of Alternative Newsweeklies’ national “Altweekly Awards” for Food Writing/Criticism for his column in the North Bay Bohemian. The California Tourism Industry Association awarded Howell first place for his Inside Sonoma series in October,2008, in 2011, Howell also won first place in the National Newspaper Association Better Newspaper Contest for Best Humorous Column for his contributions to the Sonoma Index-Tribune. Among other exploits, Howell and Rapp are known for squatting on the Warner Bros. studio back lot, which became the inspiration for their proposed TV series Back Lot. The series was pitched as Two guys sneak off a tourist tram onto a Hollywood back lot, live in the sets, eat craft service and wear wardrobe while trying to get a three picture deal. It is highly unlikely that Howell and Rapp could have evaded lot security for any meaningful duration, howells account of the Back Lot odyssey was published by Metroactive as in the August 24–30,2005 issue of the North Bay Bohemian. The article was subtitled In which our writer mines Milton, fends off Fabio, suffers attachment issues, howells name itself has sparked controversy, not least of which for its pronunciation, DAY-de-lus. Howell spells Daedalus with the ae diphthong which would properly be pronounced Deedalus, howells recorded birth name was Daedalus Christopher Ferguson, though he changed his surname to Howell at 18, which was his fathers original last name prior to adoption by his stepfather. Throughout his formative years, Howell used the name Chris Ferguson, Howell is sometimes connected to Albert Summers Howell, co-founder of Bell & Howell Co. though he refuses to comment on his familial association despite being linked in various genealogies
24.
Iggy Pop
–
James Newell Osterberg, Jr. known professionally as Iggy Pop, is an American singer-songwriter, musician, producer and actor. He was the vocalist of influential proto-punk band The Stooges, who reunited in 2003, Pops music has encompassed a number of styles over the course of his career, including garage rock, punk rock, hard rock, art rock, new wave, jazz and blues. In 2010, The Stooges were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, Osterberg was raised in a trailer park in Ypsilanti, Michigan. He is of German, English and Irish descent on his fathers side and his father was adopted by a Swedish American family and took on their surname. His later stage name, Iggy, is derived from the Iguanas, after exploring local blues-style bands such as the Prime Movers, he eventually dropped out of the University of Michigan and moved to Chicago to learn more about blues. While in Chicago, he played drums in blues clubs, helped by Sam Lay who shared his connections with Iggy, inspired by Chicago blues as well as bands like The Sonics, MC5 and The Doors, he formed the Psychedelic Stooges and began calling himself Iggy. The band was composed of Iggy on vocals, Ron Asheton on guitar, Ashetons brother Scott on drums and their first show was played at a Halloween party at a house in Detroit, Michigan. Members of the MC5 were also in attendance, the seeds of Pops stage persona were sown when he saw The Doors perform in 1967 at the University of Michigan and was amazed by the stage antics and antagonism displayed by singer Jim Morrison. Morrisons extreme behavior, while performing in a band, inspired the young Pop to push the boundaries of stage performance. Other influences on Pops vocals and persona were Mick Jagger and James Brown, Pop was the first performer to do a stage-dive, which he started at a concert in Detroit. Pop, who traditionally performs bare-chested, also performed such stage theatrics as rolling around in broken glass, exposing himself to the crowd, I attended two concerts by the Doors. The first one I attended was early on and they had not gotten their shit together yet and that show was a big, big, big influence on me. They had just had their big hit, “Light My Fire”, so, here’s this guy, out of his head on acid, dressed in leather with his hair all oiled and curled. The stage was tiny and it was really low, part of me was like, Wow, this is great. He’s really pissing people off and he’s lurching around making these guys angry, people were rushing the stage and Morrison’s going Fuck you. You can fill in your sexual comments yourself, the other half of it was that I thought, If they’ve got a hit record out and they can get away with this, then I have no fucking excuse not to get out on stage with my band. It was sort of the case of, Hey, I can do that, there really was some of that in there. In a 1995 interview with Bust Magazine, he relates, And the other thing was we went to New York. ”And we didn’t have anywhere to crash, and they played for us, and they completely rocked, and we were really ashamed. ”In 1968, one year after their debut and now dubbed The Stooges, the band signed with Elektra Records, again following in the footsteps of The Doors
25.
The Kills
–
The Kills are an indie rock band formed by American singer Alison Mosshart and British guitarist Jamie Hince. They are signed to Domino records and their first four albums, Keep On Your Mean Side, No Wow, Midnight Boom, Ash & Ice, their fifth and most recent studio album was released on June 3,2016 and reached the UK Top 20 album chart. Both Mosshart and Hince played in bands before they formed The Kills in 2001. Mosshart was previously the vocalist of Floridian punk rock band Discount, while Hince featured in the British rock bands Fiji, Scarfo, Mosshart encountered Hince when her band was touring England where he was staying in the flat upstairs from where I was staying in London. Mosshart insisted on forming a band with Hince and really persisted, Hince supplied her with a four-track tape recorder and insisted she write music as well as lyrics while on tour with her band. The two continued to exchange music ideas by sending each other tapes, Discount disbanded in 2000, and Mosshart moved to London in the same year. The duo opted for The Kills as it sounded like a band that could exist in any decade, using the ideas on the tapes, Mosshart and Hince began to write minimalist songs with the aid of a drum machine. In 2001 they showcased their new songs on a tape, however. Recording as VV and Hotel, they contributed the song Restaurant Blouse to the compilation If the Twenty-First Century Did Not Exist and it was lo-fi in both musical and aesthetic terms. The record sleeve featured photos of Mosshart and Hince taken in a photo booth rather than professional photography, musically, the record was a sparse, lo-fi garage rock/blues hybrid. The record was received by the music press, though the White Stripes comparisons would not go away. Maintaining an anti-careerist, anti-music industry attitude, the band rarely granted interviews, rather, they got the music press to come to them with their live shows. In 2004 Mosshard and Hince bought a house together in Dalston, in 2005, Monkey 23 was used in De battre mon cœur sest arrêté, the film by Jacques Audiard. It played over the closing credits and it was also featured in season three of Peaky Blinders. In 2006, Wait was used in Children of Men, the film by Alfonso Cuarón. It was played on Radio Avalon and described as a blast from the past all the way back to 2003 and their second album, No Wow, was released by Domino Records on February 21,2005. Featuring an artier, less guitar rock sound, the record embraced post punk influences, a 40-minute DVD documentary was included with a limited number of copies and features interview, performance and on the road footage shot on tour. The first single, The Good Ones, from No Wow, was released on February 7,2005 and reached number 23 in the UK Singles Chart, which is their highest charting single in that chart to date
26.
Russell Brand
–
Russell Edward Brand is an English comedian, actor, radio host, author, and activist. Beginning his career as a comedian and later becoming an MTV presenter, Brand first achieved notoriety in 2004 as the host of Big Brothers Big Mouth. He also worked as an actor in the animated films Despicable Me in 2010, Hop in 2011, and Despicable Me 2 in 2013. In 2013, he released the successful stand-up special Messiah Complex, in 2014, Brand launched his political-comedy web series The Trews, released a book entitled Revolution, and began work on a documentary about financial inequality with Michael Winterbottom. He has incorporated many of his public antics into his comedic material. In 2015 a biographical documentary called Brand, A Second Coming was released, Russell Edward Brand was born in Orsett Hospital in Grays, Essex, England. He is the child of Barbara Elizabeth and photographer Ronald Henry Brand. Brands parents split up when he was six months old, when he was 7, a tutor sexually abused him. When Brand was 8, his mother contracted uterine cancer and then breast cancer one year later, while she underwent treatment, Brand lived with relatives. When he was 14, he suffered from bulimia nervosa, when he was 16, he left home because of disagreements with his mothers partner. Brand then started to use drugs such as cannabis, amphetamines, LSD. Brand says he had a relationship with his father, whom he saw sporadically. He made his debut at the age of 15 in a school production of Bugsy Malone. Brand attended Grays School Media Arts College and in 1991, he was accepted to the Italia Conti Academy and had his first year of tuition funded by Essex County Council, after his first year at Italia Conti Academy, Brand was expelled for illegal drug use and poor attendance. Brand performed stand-up at the Hackney Empire New Act of the Year final in 2000, although he finished fourth, his performance attracted the attention of Gagged and Bound Comedy Ltd agent Nigel Klarfeld. That year, he made his Edinburgh debut as one-third of the stand-up show Pablo Diablos Cryptic Triptych, alongside ventriloquist Mark Felgate. In 2004, he took his first one-man show, the confessional Better Now, to the Edinburgh Festival and he returned the following year with Eroticised Humour. He launched his first nationwide tour, Shame, in 2006, Brand drew on embarrassing incidents in his own life and the coverage about him in the tabloid press
27.
Bob Dylan
–
Bob Dylan is an American songwriter, singer, painter, and writer. He has been influential in music and culture for more than five decades. Much of his most celebrated work dates from the 1960s, when his songs chronicled social unrest, early songs such as Blowin in the Wind and The Times They Are a-Changin became anthems for the Civil Rights Movement and anti-war movement. Leaving behind his initial base in the American folk music revival, his six-minute single Like a Rolling Stone, recorded in 1965, Dylans lyrics incorporate a wide range of political, social, philosophical, and literary influences. They defied existing pop music conventions and appealed to the burgeoning counterculture, initially inspired by the performances of Little Richard and the songwriting of Woody Guthrie, Robert Johnson, and Hank Williams, Dylan has amplified and personalized musical genres. Dylan performs with guitar, keyboards, and harmonica, backed by a changing lineup of musicians, he has toured steadily since the late 1980s on what has been dubbed the Never Ending Tour. His accomplishments as a recording artist and performer have been central to his career, since 1994, Dylan has published seven books of drawings and paintings, and his work has been exhibited in major art galleries. As a musician, Dylan has sold more than 100 million records and he has also received numerous awards including eleven Grammy Awards, a Golden Globe Award, and an Academy Award. Dylan has been inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, Minnesota Music Hall of Fame, Nashville Songwriters Hall of Fame, and Songwriters Hall of Fame. The Pulitzer Prize jury in 2008 awarded him a citation for his profound impact on popular music and American culture. In May 2012, Dylan received the Presidential Medal of Freedom from President Barack Obama, in 2016, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature for having created new poetic expressions within the great American song tradition. Bob Dylan was born Robert Allen Zimmerman in St. Marys Hospital on May 24,1941, in Duluth, Minnesota and he has a younger brother, David. Dylans paternal grandparents, Zigman and Anna Zimmerman, emigrated from Odessa, in the Russian Empire and his maternal grandparents, Ben and Florence Stone, were Lithuanian Jews who arrived in the United States in 1902. Dylans father, Abram Zimmerman – an electric-appliance shop owner – and mother, Beatrice Beatty Stone, were part of a small, close-knit Jewish community. They lived in Duluth until Robert was six, when his father had polio and the returned to his mothers hometown, Hibbing. In his early years he listened to the radio—first to blues and country stations from Shreveport, Louisiana, and later and he formed several bands while attending Hibbing High School. In the Golden Chords, he performed covers of songs by Little Richard and their performance of Danny & the Juniors Rock and Roll Is Here to Stay at their high school talent show was so loud that the principal cut the microphone. In 1959, his high school yearbook carried the caption Robert Zimmerman, the same year, as Elston Gunnn, he performed two dates with Bobby Vee, playing piano and clapping
28.
The Rolling Stones
–
The Rolling Stones are an English rock band formed in London in 1962. The original line-up consisted of Brian Jones, Mick Jagger, Keith Richards, Bill Wyman, Charlie Watts, Stewart was removed from the official line-up in 1963 but continued as a touring member until his death in 1985. Jones left the less than a month prior to his death in 1969, having already been replaced by Mick Taylor. After Taylor left the band, Ronnie Wood took his place in 1975 and has been on guitar in tandem with Richards ever since, following Wymans departure in 1993, Darryl Jones joined as their touring bassist. Other touring keyboardists for the band have been Nicky Hopkins, Billy Preston, the band was first led by Jones, but after teaming as the bands songwriters, Jagger and Richards assumed leadership while Jones dealt with legal and personal troubles. The Rolling Stones were at the forefront of the British Invasion of bands that became popular in the US in 1964, and identified with the youthful and rebellious counterculture of the 1960s. Rooted in blues and early rock and roll, the group began a period of musical experimentation in the mid-1960s that peaked with the psychedelic album Their Satanic Majesties Request. During this period, they were first introduced on stage as The Worlds Greatest Rock, the band continued to release commercially successful records in the 1970s and sold many albums, including Some Girls and Tattoo You, which were their most popular albums worldwide. From 1983 to 1987, tensions between Jagger and Richards almost caused the band to split, however, they managed to patch up their friendship in 1987. They separated temporarily to work on projects and experienced a comeback with Steel Wheels. Since the 1990s, new recorded material from the group has been increasingly less well-received, despite this, the Rolling Stones have continued to be a huge attraction on the live circuit, with stadium tours in the 1990s and 2000s. By 2007, the band had four of the top five highest-grossing concert tours of all time, Voodoo Lounge Tour, Bridges to Babylon Tour, Licks Tour and A Bigger Bang Tour. The Rolling Stones were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1989, Rolling Stone magazine ranked them fourth on the 100 Greatest Artists of All Time list and their estimated album sales are above 250 million. They have released 30 studio albums,18 live albums and numerous compilations, Let It Bleed was their first of five consecutive number one studio and live albums in the UK. Sticky Fingers was the first of eight number one studio albums in the US. In 2008, the band ranked 10th on the Billboard Hot 100 All-Time Top Artists chart, in 2012, the band celebrated its 50th anniversary. Keith Richards and Mick Jagger were childhood friends and classmates in Dartford, Kent, Jagger had formed a garage band with Dick Taylor, mainly playing Muddy Waters, Chuck Berry, Little Richard, Howlin Wolf and Bo Diddley material. Jagger met Richards again in 1960 on platform two of Dartford railway station, the Chuck Berry and Muddy Waters records that Jagger carried revealed a common interest that prompted their musical partnership
29.
Alex Turner (musician)
–
Alexander David Alex Turner is an English musician. He is the lead vocalist, guitarist, and principal songwriter of the English indie band Arctic Monkeys, the only child of two teachers, Turner was raised in the Sheffield suburb of High Green. Turner has also recorded with his side-project The Last Shadow Puppets, Turner was born in Sheffield to Penny and David Turner. He is a child and was raised in High Green. His mother is from Amersham and his father grew up in Sheffield, both parents worked at local secondary schools, his mother was a German teacher and his father taught physics and music at Rawmarsh Community School. His father was a jazz-head, had been a member of big bands, Turner was educated at Stocksbridge High School. His form teacher, Mark Coleman, remembers him as a student who excelled at sports. His English teacher, Steve Baker, described him as quite reserved, a little bit different, with a brightness and a cleverness that would serve him well. Baker noted that Turner had an incredibly laid-back, lackadaisical approach to school work, while Turner did not write poetry in school, his English teacher was encouraging and he was first introduced to John Cooper Clarkes poetry in Bakers class. Turner then spent two years at Barnsley College, where he studied English, psychology, music technology and media, after college, Turners parents reluctantly agreed to let him defer university for one year to pursue his musical ambitions. During this time, he worked as a barman at the Sheffield venue The Boardwalk, before Arctic Monkeys signed a record deal, Turner was half-heartedly filling out university application forms and hoped to study in Manchester. Turner and Matt Helders became friends at the age of seven, they were neighbours and they performed Oasiss Morning Glory together in their final primary school assembly. They met Andy Nicholson at secondary school and, for most of their teenage years and they spent their weekends making crap hip-hop beats using Turners fathers Cubase system. Following the breakthrough of The Strokes, Turner was drawn to guitar bands including The Hives, Turner attended his first gig in 2002, watching The Vines in Manchester. In 2003, at the age of sixteen, he travelled to London with Helders and Nicholson to watch The Strokes play at Alexandra Palace, Turners parents bought him a guitar for Christmas 2001. In a 2013 interview, Turner states that it was during this time that he first began writing songs, using a bass guitar, in mid-2002, Turner, Cook, Nicholson and Helders decided to form a band, having watched friends including Milburn play at local pubs. The name Arctic Monkeys was conceived by Cook, Turner initially did not want to be the singer, a number of schoolmates including Glyn Jones tried out before he became the frontman. All four were beginners on their instruments, they practiced in both Turner and Helders garages and, later, at a warehouse in Wath
30.
Richey Edwards
–
Richard James Richey Edwards was a Welsh musician who was lyricist and rhythm guitarist of the alternative rock band Manic Street Preachers. Edwards disappeared on 1 February 1995 and he was declared presumed deceased in November 2008. The ninth album by Manic Street Preachers, Journal for Plague Lovers, Richey Edwards was born and raised in Blackwood, Caerphilly, Wales. He has one sister, Rachel, who was born in 1969. From 1986 to 1989, Edwards attended University of Wales, Swansea, Edwards was initially a driver and roadie for Manic Street Preachers, but he soon became accepted as the bands main spokesman and fourth member. Edwards showed little musical talent—his real contribution to Manic Street Preachers was in the words, more often than not he was miming on the guitar during early live performances, but was, along with bassist Nicky Wire, principal lyricist. Edwards is said to have written approximately 80% of the lyrics on The Holy Bible, both are credited on all songs written before Edwards disappearance, with Edwards receiving sole credit on three tracks from the 1996 album Everything Must Go, and co-writing credits on another two. There would have been an impasse in the band for the first time out of taste. Lamacq asked of Edwards seriousness towards his art, and Edwards responded by carving the words 4 Real into his forearm with a blade he was carrying. Edwards suffered severe bouts of depression in his life, and was open about it in interviews, If youre hopelessly depressed like I was. When I was young I just wanted to be noticed, nothing could excite me except attention so Id dress up as much as I could. Outrage and boredom just go hand in hand and he also self-harmed, mainly through stubbing cigarettes on his body, and cutting himself, When I cut myself I feel so much better. All the little things that might have been annoying me suddenly seem so trivial because Im concentrating on the pain, Im not a person who can scream and shout so this is my only outlet. Following release from the Priory, Manic Street Preachers as a four-piece band toured Europe with Suede, Edwards final live appearance with the band was at the London Astoria, on 21 December 1994. In the two weeks before his disappearance, Edwards withdrew £200 a day from his account, which totalled £2800 by the day of the scheduled flight. Whilst staying at the Embassy Hotel in Bayswater Road, London, according to Rob Jovanovics biography, Edwards removed some books and these included a copy of the play Equus. He wrapped them carefully in a box with a note that said I love you and he then decorated the box like a birthday present and decorated the outside of it with collages and literary quotations. These included a picture of a Germanic-looking house and Bugs Bunny, the package was addressed to a Jo
31.
Andy Warhol
–
Andy Warhol was an American artist who was a leading figure in the visual art movement known as pop art. Born and raised in Pittsburgh, Warhol initially pursued a career as a commercial illustrator. After exhibiting his work in galleries in the late 1950s. He promoted a collection of known as Warhol superstars, and is credited with coining the widely used expression 15 minutes of fame. In the late 1960s, he managed and produced the rock band The Velvet Underground. He authored numerous books, including The Philosophy of Andy Warhol and Popism and he is also notable as a gay man who lived openly as such before the gay liberation movement. Warhol has been the subject of retrospective exhibitions, books. The Andy Warhol Museum in his city of Pittsburgh, which holds an extensive permanent collection of art. Many of his creations are very collectible and highly valuable, the highest price ever paid for a Warhol painting is US$105 million for a 1963 canvas titled Silver Car Crash, his works include some of the most expensive paintings ever sold. A2009 article in The Economist described Warhol as the bellwether of the art market, Warhol was born on August 6,1928 in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. He was the child of Ondrej Warhola and Julia, whose first child was born in their homeland. His parents were working-class Lemko emigrants from Mikó, located in todays northeastern Slovakia, Warhols father emigrated to the United States in 1914, and his mother joined him in 1921, after the death of Warhols grandparents. Warhols father worked in a coal mine, the family lived at 55 Beelen Street and later at 3252 Dawson Street in the Oakland neighborhood of Pittsburgh. The family was Byzantine Catholic and attended St. John Chrysostom Byzantine Catholic Church, Andy Warhol had two older brothers—Pavol, the oldest, was born before the family emigrated, Ján was born in Pittsburgh. Pavols son, James Warhola, became a childrens book illustrator. He became a hypochondriac, developing a fear of hospitals and doctors, often bedridden as a child, he became an outcast at school and bonded with his mother. At times when he was confined to bed, he drew, listened to the radio, Warhol later described this period as very important in the development of his personality, skill-set and preferences. When Warhol was 13, his father died in an accident, as a teenager, Warhol graduated from Schenley High School in 1945
32.
The Rocky Horror Picture Show
–
The Rocky Horror Picture Show is a 1975 musical comedy horror film directed by Jim Sharman. The screenplay was written by Sharman and Richard OBrien based on the 1973 musical stage production The Rocky Horror Show, music, book, the production is a parody tribute to the science fiction and horror B movies of the 1930s through early 1970s. The film stars Tim Curry, Susan Sarandon, Richard OBrien himself, and Barry Bostwick along with cast members from the original Royal Court Theatre, Roxy Theatre, and Belasco Theatre productions. The story centres on a young engaged couple whose car breaks down in the rain near a castle where they seek a telephone to call for help, the castle is occupied by strangers in elaborate costumes celebrating an annual convention. They discover the head of the house is Frank N. Furter, the couple is seduced separately by the mad scientist and eventually released by the servants who take control. The film was shot in the United Kingdom at Bray Studios and on location at an old country estate named Oakley Court, a number of props and set pieces were reused from the Hammer horror films. Although the film is both a parody and tribute to many of the science fiction and horror films, costume designer Sue Blane conducted no research for her designs. Blane stated that costumes from the film have affected the development of punk rock fashion trends such as ripped fishnets. Although largely critically panned on release, it soon became known as a midnight movie when audiences began participating with the film at the Waverly Theater in New York City in 1976. Audience members returned to the cinemas frequently and talked back to the screen and began dressing as the characters, at almost the same time, fans in costume at the Kings Court Theater in Pittsburgh began performing alongside the film. This shadow cast mimed the actions on screen above and behind them, still in limited release four decades after its premiere, it is the longest-running theatrical release in film history. It is often close to Halloween. Today, the film has an international following. It was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress in 2005, the films creative team also produced Shock Treatment in 1981, a standalone feature using the characters of Brad and Janet and featuring some of the same cast. Seeking a telephone, the walk to a nearby castle where they discover a group of strange. They are soon swept into the world of Dr. Frank N. Furter, the ensemble of convention attendees also includes servants Riff Raff, his sister Magenta, and a groupie named Columbia. In his lab, Frank claims to have discovered the secret to life itself and his creation, Rocky, is brought to life. The ensuing celebration is interrupted by Eddie who rides out of a deep freeze on a motorcycle
33.
Austin Powers (character)
–
Sir Austin Danger Powers, KBE, is a fictional character from the Austin Powers series of films, and is created and portrayed by Mike Myers. He is the protagonist of Austin Powers, International Man of Mystery, The Spy Who Shagged Me and Austin Powers in Goldmember. He is a womanizing, hard-partying British spy embodying the Swinging London mod culture and hippie culture of the 1960s who, the series humor follows his attempts to adjust to the modern world as he continues to try to save it from terrorism. Austin Powers was a seen as a parody of James Bond and being influenced by Harry Palmer. The character of Austin Powers represents an archetype of 1960s Swinging London, with his advocacy for free love, his use of obscure impressions, Myers, Matthew Sweet and Susanna Hoffs formed the faux British 1960s band Ming Tea after Myers Saturday Night Live stint in the early 1990s. The band members all performed under pseudonyms with 1960s personas, Myers adopted the pseudonym and character of Austin Powers. This group made a number of club and television performances in character. Myers then-wife, Robin Ruzan, encouraged him to write a film based on Austin Powers, obituaries of Simon Dee, the radio and television presenter, stated that his Sixties grooviness made him the inspiration for the character. Mike Myers has claimed his father was the inspiration behind Austin Powers, video Games, Austin Powers, Austin Powers Pinball, Austin Powers, Welcome to my Underground Lair, Austin Powers, Oh Behave. and Austin Powers, Operation Trivia. HBO purchased the rights to produce a series based on the Austin Powers films in 1999. Despite announcing plans for a thirteen episode season, HBO ultimately shelved the project, Austin Powers has been used for advertising numerous products and endorsements, such as Pepsi Cola. He also appears in the videos for Madonnas Beautiful Stranger, Beyoncés Work It Out. In 2010, he was voted #23 in Entertainment Weeklys list The 100 greatest characters of the last 20 years
34.
Austin Powers (film series)
–
The Austin Powers series is a series of three American action-comedy films, Austin Powers, International Man of Mystery, Austin Powers, The Spy Who Shagged Me and Austin Powers in Goldmember. The films were directed by Jay Roach, produced, written by, the character represents an archetype of 1960s Swinging London, with his advocacy for free love, his use of obscure impressions and his clothing style. Contrary to the handsome, super-smooth leading men of the James Bond genre, Austin Powers is not conventionally attractive, in the first film, Austin and Dr. Evil are awakened after being cryogenically frozen for 30 years. Continuing to incorporate elements of the 1960s and 1970s, the second and third films feature time travel as a plot device. A proposed fourth film, Austin Powers 4, has reportedly been in development since 2005, Myers himself has stated in interviews that the idea for Austin Powers came to him one night while driving home from ice hockey practice. Hearing the song The Look of Love by Burt Bacharach on his car radio, and conceived the character who would become Austin Powers. The first phrase he thought the character might say was Do I make you horny. which later did indeed become a phrase for the character. An important inspiration for the series is British super spy James Bond, Myers said of Bond, I cant even tell you how huge it was in our house. Thats really why I wanted to do Austin Powers, Austin Powers is out of pure love for James Bond. Though Myers is Canadian by birth, his parents are natives of Liverpool, England, Austin Powers is everything I watched. My parents were from Liverpool, and theres no one more English than an Englishman who no longer lives there, every molecule of British culture that came across the Atlantic was tasted and worshipped. Other obviously-apparent influences are The Beatles films, The Monkees television series, James Bondage, list indicator A dark grey cell indicates the character did not appear in the film. Austin Powers, Welcome to My Underground Lair, despite announcing plans for a thirteen episode season, HBO ultimately shelved the project. In October 2005, in an interview with Entertainment Weekly, Mike Myers discussed the possibility of studio sources moving forward with a fourth film, were all circling and talking to each other. So if you balanced how much of it was Austin with Dr. Evil, in May 2007, at the Shrek the Third première, Mike Myers announced that a fourth Austin Powers film was planned, but that it would focus more on Dr. Evil rather than Austin. He also said that hed start work on it after he started work on The Love Guru, in February 2008, it was announced that Jay Roach would return as director. In April 2008, it was reported that Gisele Bündchen had been offered a role in the film. In June 2008, in an interview, when asked about another Austin Powers film, Myers stated, I have an idea, and again its one of those things that will emerge or it wont
35.
Ned Flanders
–
Nedward Ned Flanders, Jr. is a recurring fictional character in the animated television series The Simpsons. He is voiced by Harry Shearer, and first appeared in the premiere episode Simpsons Roasting on an Open Fire. He is the good-natured, cheery next-door neighbor to the Simpson family and is loathed by Homer Simpson. He was one of the first characters outside of the immediate Simpson family to appear on the show, and has since been central to several episodes and his last name comes from Flanders St. in Portland, Oregon, the hometown of Simpsons creator Matt Groening. When he was created, he was intended to just be a neighbor who was very nice, in May 2015, Harry Shearer announced that he had quit the role and that the role would be recast. However, on July 7, it was announced Fox signed all of its main cast members, Ned is a genuinely well-meaning good-natured person and is one of the few in Springfield to whom that description applies. Firmly religious, he can be timid and something of a pushover and he is a Republican and a devout Evangelical Christian who strictly follows the Bible literally and is easily shocked when challenged on any point of dogma. This has led to his frequent calls to Reverend Lovejoy, who has become frustrated with. Ned grew up in New York and was the son of freaky beatniks who did not discipline Ned, eventually they took him to Dr. Foster, a psychiatrist, who put the young Ned through the University of Minnesota Spankalogical Protocol, which involved eight months of continuous spanking. Ned got his diploma from Oral Roberts University in an unspecified field, despite a meek outward appearance, Ned hides an exceptionally well-toned physique. Ned is very honest and sincere in carrying out the Christian doctrines of charity, kindness, in Homers Triple Bypass, he donates a kidney and a lung out of the goodness of his heart to whoever needs them first. He also is a neighbor to the Simpsons, regularly offering his assistance. Ned is a widower, having married to the equally religious Maude. They had two children together, the sheltered and naive Rod and Todd Flanders, in the eleventh season, Maude dies an untimely death in a freak accident involving a T-shirt cannon, leaving Flanders alone and grieving. While still married to Maude, Ned married Ginger, while on a drunken bender in Las Vegas. Ginger came to live with Ned and his sons for a period following Maudes death in a later episode. In the early years of The Simpsons, Homer Simpson generally loathed Ned, because Neds family, job, health, Homer is often shown borrowing items from Flanders, such as a weather vane, a camcorder, a diploma, a toothbrush and an air conditioning unit. Even the Simpsons couch came from the curb outside Flanders house, Homer has since come to have a love-hate relationship with Ned, sometimes being his best friend, partly due to Neds selfless tolerance of him, and other times treating Ned with complete disregard
36.
The Simpsons
–
The Simpsons is an American animated sitcom created by Matt Groening for the Fox Broadcasting Company. The series is a depiction of working-class life epitomized by the Simpson family, which consists of Homer, Marge, Bart, Lisa. The show is set in the town of Springfield and parodies American culture, society, television. The family was conceived by Groening shortly before a solicitation for a series of animated shorts with producer James L. Brooks, Groening created a dysfunctional family and named the characters after members of his own family, substituting Bart for his own name. The shorts became a part of The Tracey Ullman Show on April 19,1987. After a three-season run, the sketch was developed into a prime time show and became an early hit for Fox. Since its debut on December 17,1989,615 episodes of The Simpsons have been broadcast and its 28th season began on September 25,2016. It is the longest-running American sitcom and the longest-running American animated program, the Simpsons Movie, a feature-length film, was released in theaters worldwide on July 27,2007, and grossed over $527 million. On May 4,2015, the series was renewed for seasons 27 and 28, on November 4,2016, the series was renewed for seasons 29 and 30, consisting of 22 episodes each. The Simpsons received widespread critical acclaim throughout its first nine or ten seasons, Time named it the 20th centurys best television series, and Erik Adams of The A. V. Club named it televisions crowning achievement regardless of format, on January 14,2000, the Simpson family was awarded a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. It has won dozens of awards since it debuted as a series, including 31 Primetime Emmy Awards,30 Annie Awards, Homers exclamatory catchphrase Doh. has been adopted into the English language, while The Simpsons has influenced many adult-oriented animated sitcoms. Despite this, the show has also criticized for what many perceive as a decline in quality over the years. The Simpsons are a family who live in a fictional Middle American town of Springfield, Homer, the father, works as a safety inspector at the Springfield Nuclear Power Plant, a position at odds with his careless, buffoonish personality. He is married to Marge Simpson, a stereotypical American housewife, although the family is dysfunctional, many episodes examine their relationships and bonds with each other and they are often shown to care about one another. The family owns a dog, Santas Little Helper, and a cat, Snowball V, renamed Snowball II in I, both pets have had starring roles in several episodes. The show includes an array of supporting characters, co-workers, teachers, family friends, extended relatives, townspeople. The creators originally intended many of these characters as jokes or for fulfilling needed functions in the town
37.
Hey Arnold!
–
Is an American animated television series created by Craig Bartlett that aired on Nickelodeon from October 7,1996 to June 8,2004, with reruns until 2007. The show centers on a fourth grader named Arnold, who lives with his grandparents in an inner-city boarding house, episodes center on his experiences navigating big city life while dealing with the problems he and his friends encounter. Bartletts idea for the show is based on a character named Arnold whom he created while working on Pee-wees Playhouse. The executives enjoyed the character, and Bartlett completed the cast by drawing inspiration from people he grew up with in Portland, Oregon, Bartlett created the pilot episode in his living room in 1994 and official production began in 1995. The animators worked to transform Arnold from clay animation to cel animation, the show finished production in 2001 after 5 seasons and 100 episodes. It was the second longest running Nicktoon behind Rugrats, until Spongebob Squarepants surpassed it in June 6,2008 with the episode House Fancy/Krabby Road, then Fairly Odd Parents surpassed it as the third longest running Nicktoon in April 72010 with the episode Playdate of Doom. It is currently the fourth longest running Nicktoon, received generally positive reviews, with many critics praising its character development, emotional storytelling and mature themes. Over the course of its run, the series aired 100 episodes. A feature film based on the series, Hey Arnold, the Movie, was released in 2002. All five seasons have been released on DVD, and reruns air on the TeenNick block The Splat. As of 2016, a Hey Arnold, television movie, reportedly titled Hey Arnold. The Jungle Movie, has been greenlit for production and it is expected to pick up from where the series ended and will resolve unanswered plot lines of the story, including the whereabouts of Arnolds parents. The TV movie will premiere in November 2017, Bartlett drew inspiration from people he grew up with when creating the characters for the show. Arnold lives with his eccentric but loving paternal grandparents, Phil and Gertrude, proprietors of the Sunset Arms boarding house, in each episode, he often helps a schoolmate or boarding home tenant solve a personal problem, or encounters a predicament of his own. Many episodes involve urban legends usually told by Gerald, such as superheroes or headless horsemen, other characters include students and faculty at P. S. 118, Arnolds school, and citizens of Hillwood, certain episodes focus on the lives of supporting characters, such as the tenants of the boarding house that Arnolds grandparents own. Takes place in the fictional American city of Hillwood, while its geographic location is never revealed outright, some episodes suggest that the city is located in Washington State. Bartlett described the city as an amalgam of northern cities I have loved, including Seattle, Portland
38.
International Standard Book Number
–
The International Standard Book Number is a unique numeric commercial book identifier. An ISBN is assigned to each edition and variation of a book, for example, an e-book, a paperback and a hardcover edition of the same book would each have a different ISBN. The ISBN is 13 digits long if assigned on or after 1 January 2007, the method of assigning an ISBN is nation-based and varies from country to country, often depending on how large the publishing industry is within a country. The initial ISBN configuration of recognition was generated in 1967 based upon the 9-digit Standard Book Numbering created in 1966, the 10-digit ISBN format was developed by the International Organization for Standardization and was published in 1970 as international standard ISO2108. Occasionally, a book may appear without a printed ISBN if it is printed privately or the author does not follow the usual ISBN procedure, however, this can be rectified later. Another identifier, the International Standard Serial Number, identifies periodical publications such as magazines, the ISBN configuration of recognition was generated in 1967 in the United Kingdom by David Whitaker and in 1968 in the US by Emery Koltay. The 10-digit ISBN format was developed by the International Organization for Standardization and was published in 1970 as international standard ISO2108, the United Kingdom continued to use the 9-digit SBN code until 1974. The ISO on-line facility only refers back to 1978, an SBN may be converted to an ISBN by prefixing the digit 0. For example, the edition of Mr. J. G. Reeder Returns, published by Hodder in 1965, has SBN340013818 -340 indicating the publisher,01381 their serial number. This can be converted to ISBN 0-340-01381-8, the check digit does not need to be re-calculated, since 1 January 2007, ISBNs have contained 13 digits, a format that is compatible with Bookland European Article Number EAN-13s. An ISBN is assigned to each edition and variation of a book, for example, an ebook, a paperback, and a hardcover edition of the same book would each have a different ISBN. The ISBN is 13 digits long if assigned on or after 1 January 2007, a 13-digit ISBN can be separated into its parts, and when this is done it is customary to separate the parts with hyphens or spaces. Separating the parts of a 10-digit ISBN is also done with either hyphens or spaces, figuring out how to correctly separate a given ISBN number is complicated, because most of the parts do not use a fixed number of digits. ISBN issuance is country-specific, in that ISBNs are issued by the ISBN registration agency that is responsible for country or territory regardless of the publication language. Some ISBN registration agencies are based in national libraries or within ministries of culture, in other cases, the ISBN registration service is provided by organisations such as bibliographic data providers that are not government funded. In Canada, ISBNs are issued at no cost with the purpose of encouraging Canadian culture. In the United Kingdom, United States, and some countries, where the service is provided by non-government-funded organisations. Australia, ISBNs are issued by the library services agency Thorpe-Bowker
39.
The Independent
–
The Independent is a British online newspaper. The printed edition of the paper ceased in March 2016, nicknamed the Indy, it began as a broadsheet newspaper, but changed to tabloid format in 2003. Until September 2011, the paper described itself on the banner at the top of every newspaper as free from party political bias and it tends to take a pro-market stance on economic issues. The daily edition was named National Newspaper of the Year at the 2004 British Press Awards. In June 2015, it had a daily circulation of just below 58,000,85 per cent down from its 1990 peak. On 12 February 2016, it was announced that The Independent, the last print edition of The Independent on Sunday was published on 20 March 2016, with the main paper ceasing print publication the following Saturday. Launched in 1986, the first issue of The Independent was published on 7 October in broadsheet format and it was produced by Newspaper Publishing plc and created by Andreas Whittam Smith, Stephen Glover and Matthew Symonds. All three partners were former journalists at The Daily Telegraph who had left the paper towards the end of Lord Hartwells ownership, marcus Sieff was the first chairman of Newspaper Publishing, and Whittam Smith took control of the paper. The paper was created at a time of a change in British newspaper publishing. Rupert Murdoch was challenging long-accepted practices of the print unions and ultimately defeated them in the Wapping dispute, consequently, production costs could be reduced which, it was said at the time, created openings for more competition. As a result of controversy around Murdochs move to Wapping, the plant was effectively having to function under siege from sacked print workers picketing outside, the Independent attracted some of the staff from the two Murdoch broadsheets who had chosen not to move to his companys new headquarters. Launched with the advertising slogan It is, and challenging both The Guardian for centre-left readers and The Times as the newspaper of record, The Independent reached a circulation of over 400,000 by 1989. Competing in a market, The Independent sparked a general freshening of newspaper design as well as, within a few years. Some aspects of production merged with the paper, although the Sunday paper retained a largely distinct editorial staff. It featured spoofs of the other papers mastheads with the words The Rupert Murdoch or The Conrad Black, a number of other media companies were interested in the paper. Tony OReillys media group and Mirror Group Newspapers had bought a stake of about a third each by mid-1994, in March 1995, Newspaper Publishing was restructured with a rights issue, splitting the shareholding into OReillys Independent News & Media, MGN, and Prisa. In April 1996, there was another refinancing, and in March 1998, OReilly bought the other 54% of the company for £30 million, brendan Hopkins headed Independent News, Andrew Marr was appointed editor of The Independent, and Rosie Boycott became editor of The Independent on Sunday. Marr introduced a dramatic if short-lived redesign which won critical favour but was a commercial failure, Marr admitted his changes had been a mistake in his book, My Trade
40.
Court shoe
–
A court shoe, or pump, is a shoe with a low-cut front, the vamp, and without a fastening. They are usually worn by women, but are still traditional menswear in some formal situations, Pumps with a strap across the instep are called Mary Janes. Pumps may have an ankle strap, Pumps for women are usually heeled. The shape has varied through time, in the UK, in 2007, a closed toe and wide heel were worn by the very fashion-conscious, but most still wore stilettos of mainly kitten height to medium height. In the UK, outside the trade, the term pumps would normally imply flat or low-heel dancing or ballerina pumps. In the U. S. pumps exclusively refers to womens shoes with a kitten or higher heel, Pumps can be made from any material, but traditional patent leather is popular. Pumps are mostly worn with a suit or a uniform, but are worn with formal and informal dresses, skirts, trousers. White, stiletto-heeled pumps are the standard attire with swimsuits in beauty pageants, Pumps are also part of the costume of a ballroom dancer. They are made of satin, usually tan, though other colors are made as well, in the Regency period, during the day upper-class gentlemen in western Europe wore dress boots, and boots or pumps by night, which accompanied silk knee-high stockings and breeches. The shoes originally had silver cut-steel buckles, but these were removed by the influence of Brummell, by Victorian times, evening footwear was pumps when there would be dancing or music, and patent leather dress boots otherwise. Pumps remained as standard with evening full dress until the 1930s, at that time, the dress boot was also going out of fashion, as laced shoes began to be worn at all times. It remains acceptable with black tie, and, since formal boots are now hardly ever worn, pumps are standard with white tie and they are still preferred with formalwear by many leaders of style. The original versions worn with steel cut buckles are still worn as part of British court uniform, the construction of pumps is simple, using a whole-cut leather top with a low vamp, lined with either quilted silk or plain leather, trimmed with braid at the opening. The sole is, as on ordinary shoes, several layers of leather put together, the bow is made of grosgrain silk or rayon, in a pinched or flat form. The Suit, A Machiavellian Approach to Mens Style, clothes and the Man, The Principles of Fine Mens Dress. Dressing the Man, Mastering the Art of Permanent Fashion, media related to Pumps at Wikimedia Commons
41.
Mule (shoe)
–
Mule, a French word, is a style of shoe that is backless and often closed-toed. Mules can be any heel height - from flat to high, the style is predominantly worn by women. The term derives from the Ancient Roman mulleus calceus a red or purple shoe worn by the three highest magistrates, although there is indication of any structural resemblance. High-heeled mules were a popular indoor shoe style of the 18th century, influenced by the patten, by the early twentieth century, mules were often associated with prostitutes. In the early 1950s, Marilyn Monroe popularized the shoe and helped break its poor reputation
42.
Platform shoe
–
Platform boots are boots with thick wedge soles or a combination of thick soles and high heels that are similar in some respects to the platform shoe. They were seen as the edge of fashion in the United Kingdom during the 1970s. They were worn by men and women. Since the 1970s ended, the platform boot declined in popularity, however, some music artists have worn them in music videos and on stage, such as Lenny Kravitz, Mick Jagger of the Rolling Stones, James Brown, and Stevie Nicks from the rock band Fleetwood Mac. The rock band Kiss is known for their outrageous platform boots as well, marilyn Manson wore platform boots on the Mechanical Animals promo and Rock Is Dead tours. His main outfit was a black jumpsuit with feathers on the ends of the sleeves and collar. For his Grotesk Burlesk tour and associated promotion, Manson, as well as most of the band members, wore platforms——most notably in the shots taken by Perou. For live performances, the prominent wearers were Manson, Skold, John 5, ginger wore them too, but most of the time they were hidden behind his drumset. They were only viewed when he stood up on the drums, trashed the set, then jumped off and these styles of boots are also popular in the goth fashion. Richard, the lead guitarist, has worn stylized platforms for the sehnsucht tour, dani Filth, as well as other members of the band, notably Paul Allender, can be seen in platform boots with large sheet metal razorblades screwed into the front on stage
