1.
Album
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Album, is a collection of audio recordings issued as a single item on CD, record, audio tape, or another medium. Albums of recorded music were developed in the early 20th century, first as books of individual 78rpm records, vinyl LPs are still issued, though in the 21st century album sales have mostly focused on compact disc and MP3 formats. The audio cassette was a format used from the late 1970s through to the 1990s alongside vinyl, an album may be recorded in a recording studio, in a concert venue, at home, in the field, or a mix of places. Recording may take a few hours to years to complete, usually in several takes with different parts recorded separately. Recordings that are done in one take without overdubbing are termed live, the majority of studio recordings contain an abundance of editing, sound effects, voice adjustments, etc. With modern recording technology, musicians can be recorded in separate rooms or at times while listening to the other parts using headphones. Album covers and liner notes are used, and sometimes additional information is provided, such as analysis of the recording, historically, the term album was applied to a collection of various items housed in a book format. In musical usage the word was used for collections of pieces of printed music from the early nineteenth century. Later, collections of related 78rpm records were bundled in book-like albums, the LP record, or 33 1⁄3 rpm microgroove vinyl record, is a gramophone record format introduced by Columbia Records in 1948. It was adopted by the industry as a standard format for the album. Apart from relatively minor refinements and the important later addition of stereophonic sound capability, the term album had been carried forward from the early nineteenth century when it had been used for collections of short pieces of music. Later, collections of related 78rpm records were bundled in book-like albums, as part of a trend of shifting sales in the music industry, some commenters have declared that the early 21st century experienced the death of the album. Sometimes shorter albums are referred to as mini-albums or EPs, Albums such as Tubular Bells, Amarok, Hergest Ridge by Mike Oldfield, and Yess Close to the Edge, include fewer than four tracks. There are no rules against artists such as Pinhead Gunpowder referring to their own releases under thirty minutes as albums. These are known as box sets, material is stored on an album in sections termed tracks, normally 11 or 12 tracks. A music track is a song or instrumental recording. The term is associated with popular music where separate tracks are known as album tracks. When vinyl records were the medium for audio recordings a track could be identified visually from the grooves
2.
Ringo Starr
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Richard Starkey, MBE, known professionally as Ringo Starr, is an English musician, singer, songwriter and actor who gained worldwide fame as the drummer for the Beatles. He occasionally sang lead vocals, usually for one song on an album, including With a Little Help from My Friends, Yellow Submarine and their cover of Act Naturally. He also wrote the Beatles songs Dont Pass Me By and Octopuss Garden, Starr was twice afflicted by life-threatening illnesses during childhood, and as a result of prolonged hospitalisations fell behind in school. In 1955, he entered the workforce and briefly held a position with British Rail before securing an apprenticeship at a Liverpool equipment manufacturer, soon afterwards, he became interested in the UK skiffle craze, developing a fervent admiration for the genre. In 1957, he cofounded his first band, the Eddie Clayton Skiffle Group, when the Beatles formed in 1960, Starr was a member of another Liverpool group, Rory Storm and the Hurricanes. After achieving moderate success with that band in the UK and Hamburg, he quit the Hurricanes and joined the Beatles in August 1962, Starr played key roles in the Beatles films and appeared in numerous others. After the bands break-up in 1970, he released several singles including the US number four hit It Dont Come Easy. In 1972, he released his most successful UK single, Back Off Boogaloo and he achieved commercial and critical success with his 1973 album Ringo, which was a top ten release in both the UK and the US. He has been featured in a number of documentaries and hosted television shows, since 1989, he has toured with twelve variations of Ringo Starr & His All-Starr Band. Ringos popularity brought forth a new paradigm and we started to see the drummer as an equal participant in the compositional aspect. His parts are so signature to the songs that you can listen to a Ringo drum part without the rest of the music and he was inducted into the Modern Drummer Hall of Fame in 1998. In 2011, Rolling Stone readers named Starr the fifth-greatest drummer of all time. Starr, who was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a Beatle in 1988, was inducted for his solo career in 2015. Richard Starkey was born on 7 July 1940, at 9 Madryn Street, in Dingle and he is the only child of confectioners Elsie and Richard Starkey. Elsie enjoyed singing and dancing, a hobby that she shared with her husband, an avid fan of swing. Prior to the birth of their son, whom they nicknamed Ritchie, the couple had spent much of their time on the local ballroom circuit. Elsie adopted an approach to raising her son that bordered on fixation. Subsequently, Big Ritchie, as Starkeys father became known, lost interest in his family, choosing instead to spend hours drinking and dancing in pubs
3.
Nashville, Tennessee
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Nashville is the capital of the U. S. state of Tennessee and the county seat of Davidson County. It is located on the Cumberland River in the central part of the state. The city is a center for the music, healthcare, publishing, banking and transportation industries and it is known as a center of the country music industry, earning it the nickname Music City, U. S. A. Since 1963, Nashville has had a consolidated city-county government which includes six municipalities in a two-tier system. Nashville is governed by a mayor, vice-mayor, and 40-member Metropolitan Council, thirty-five of the members are elected from single-member districts, five are elected at-large. Reflecting the citys position in government, Nashville is home to the Tennessee Supreme Courts courthouse for Middle Tennessee. According to 2015 estimates from the U. S. Census Bureau, the balance population, which excludes semi-independent municipalities within Nashville, was 654,610. The 2015 population of the entire 13-county Nashville metropolitan area was 1,830,345, the 2015 population of the Nashville-Davidson–Murfreesboro–Columbia combined statistical area, a larger trade area, was 1,951,644. The town of Nashville was founded by James Robertson, John Donelson, and it was named for Francis Nash, the American Revolutionary War hero. Nashville quickly grew because of its location, accessibility as a port on the Cumberland River, a tributary of the Ohio River. By 1800, the city had 345 residents, including 136 African American slaves and 14 free blacks, in 1806, Nashville was incorporated as a city and became the county seat of Davidson County, Tennessee. In 1843, the city was named the permanent capital of the state of Tennessee, by 1860, when the first rumblings of secession began to be heard across the South, antebellum Nashville was a prosperous city. The citys significance as a port made it a desirable prize as a means of controlling important river. In February 1862, Nashville became the first state capital to fall to Union troops, the state was occupied by Union troops for the duration of the war. Within a few years after the Civil War, the Nashville chapter of the Ku Klux Klan was founded by Confederate veteran John W. Morton, meanwhile, the city had reclaimed its important shipping and trading position and developed a solid manufacturing base. The post–Civil War years of the late 19th century brought new prosperity to Nashville and these healthy economic times left the city with a legacy of grand classical-style buildings, which can still be seen around the downtown area. Circa 1950 the state approved a new city charter that provided for the election of city council members from single-member districts. This change was supported because at-large voting diluted the minority populations political power in the city and they could seldom gain a majority of the population to support a candidate of their choice
4.
Country music
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Country music is a genre of United States popular music that originated in the southern United States in the 1920s. It takes its roots from the genre of United States, such as folk music. Blues modes have been used throughout its recorded history. The term country music is used today to many styles and subgenres. In 2009 country music was the most listened to rush hour radio genre during the evening commute, immigrants to the Southern Appalachian Mountains of North America brought the music and instruments of Europe and Africa along with them for nearly 300 years. Country music was introduced to the world as a Southern phenomenon, Bristol, Tennessee, has been formally recognized by the U. S. Congress as the Birthplace of Country Music, based on the historic Bristol recording sessions of 1927. Since 2014, the city has been home to the Birthplace of Country Music Museum, historians have also noted the influence of the less-known Johnson City sessions of 1928 and 1929, and the Knoxville sessions of 1929 and 1930. Prior to these, pioneer settlers, in the Great Smoky Mountains region, had developed a musical heritage. The first generation emerged in the early 1920s, with Atlantas music scene playing a role in launching countrys earliest recording artists. Okeh Records began issuing hillbilly music records by Fiddlin John Carson as early as 1923, followed by Columbia Records in 1924, many hillbilly musicians, such as Cliff Carlisle, recorded blues songs throughout the 1920s. The most important was the Grand Ole Opry, aired starting in 1925 by WSM in Nashville, during the 1930s and 1940s, cowboy songs, or Western music, which had been recorded since the 1920s, were popularized by films made in Hollywood. Bob Wills was another musician from the Lower Great Plains who had become very popular as the leader of a hot string band. His mix of country and jazz, which started out as dance hall music, Wills was one of the first country musicians known to have added an electric guitar to his band, in 1938. Country musicians began recording boogie in 1939, shortly after it had played at Carnegie Hall. Gospel music remained a component of country music. It became known as honky tonk, and had its roots in Western swing and the music of Mexico. By the early 1950s a blend of Western swing, country boogie, rockabilly was most popular with country fans in the 1950s, and 1956 could be called the year of rockabilly in country music. Beginning in the mid-1950s, and reaching its peak during the early 1960s, the late 1960s in American music produced a unique blend as a result of traditionalist backlash within separate genres
5.
Apple Records
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Apple Records is a record label founded by the Beatles in 1968, as a division of Apple Corps Ltd. It was initially intended as an outlet for the Beatles, both as a group and individually, plus a selection of other artists including Mary Hopkin, James Taylor, Badfinger. In practice, by the mid-1970s, the roster had become dominated with releases by the former Beatles as solo artists, Allen Klein managed the label from 1969 to 1973. It was then managed by Neil Aspinall on behalf of the four Beatles and he retired in 2007 and was replaced by Jeff Jones. At this time, the Beatles were contracted to EMIs Parlophone label in the United Kingdom, in a new distribution deal, EMI and Capitol agreed to distribute Apple Records until 1975, while EMI retained ownership of the Beatles recordings. Beatles recordings issued in the United Kingdom on the Apple label carried Parlophone catalogue numbers, Apple Records owns the rights to all of the Beatles videos and movie clips, and the rights to recordings of other artists signed to the label. The first catalogue number, Apple 1, was a pressing of Frank Sinatra singing Maureen Is a Champ to the melody of The Lady Is a Tramp for Ringo Starrs then-wife Maureen. BeatlesandBeyond Radio presenter Pete Dicks reports that the title is actually Lady is a Champ, in 1969, the Beatles were in need of financial and managerial direction and Lennon was approached by Allen Klein, manager of the Rolling Stones at the time. Klein went on to manage Apple, by virtue of his support from the Beatles. McCartney had suggested his then new father-in-law Lee Eastman for the job, after Klein took control of Apple, several sub-divisions, including Apple Electronics, were shut down, and some of Apple Records artistic roster effectively dropped. Thereafter, new signings were not so numerous, and tended to arrive through the actions of ex-Beatles. McCartney had little input into Apple Records roster after 1970, Klein managed Apple Corp. until March 1973 when his contract expired. In May 1971, the Beatles entire pre-Apple catalogue on the American Capitol label were re-issued on the Apple label, after Kleins departure, Apple was then managed by Neil Aspinall on behalf of the four Beatles and their heirs. Apple Records distribution contract with EMI expired in 1976 and control of the Beatles catalogue, including solo recordings to date by George Harrison, John Lennon and Ringo Starr, reverted to EMI. The original UK versions of the Beatles albums were released worldwide on compact disc in 1987 and 1988 on the Parlophone label, previously, Abbey Road had been issued on CD by the EMI-Odeon label in Japan in the early 1980s. Although this was a release, it was not authorised by the Beatles. Following the settlement of Apples ten-year lawsuit against EMI in 1989, new projects began to forward, including the Live at the BBC album. It was after the Anthology project that the company resumed making large profits again
6.
Record producer
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A record producer or music producer oversees and manages the sound recording and production of a band or performers music, which may range from recording one song to recording a lengthy concept album. A producer has many roles during the recording process, the roles of a producer vary. The producer may perform these roles himself, or help select the engineer, the producer may also pay session musicians and engineers and ensure that the entire project is completed within the record companies budget. A record producer or music producer has a broad role in overseeing and managing the recording. Producers also often take on an entrepreneurial role, with responsibility for the budget, schedules, contracts. In the 2010s, the industry has two kinds of producers with different roles, executive producer and music producer. Executive producers oversee project finances while music producers oversee the process of recording songs or albums. In most cases the producer is also a competent arranger, composer. The producer will also liaise with the engineer who concentrates on the technical aspects of recording. Noted producer Phil Ek described his role as the person who creatively guides or directs the process of making a record, indeed, in Bollywood music, the designation actually is music director. The music producers job is to create, shape, and mold a piece of music, at the beginning of record industry, producer role was technically limited to record, in one shot, artists performing live. The role of producers changed progressively over the 1950s and 1960s due to technological developments, the development of multitrack recording caused a major change in the recording process. Before multitracking, all the elements of a song had to be performed simultaneously, all of these singers and musicians had to be assembled in a large studio and the performance had to be recorded. As well, for a song that used 20 instruments, it was no longer necessary to get all the players in the studio at the same time. Examples include the rock sound effects of the 1960s, e. g. playing back the sound of recorded instruments backwards or clanging the tape to produce unique sound effects. These new instruments were electric or electronic, and thus they used instrument amplifiers, new technologies like multitracking changed the goal of recording, A producer could blend together multiple takes and edit together different sections to create the desired sound. For example, in jazz fusion Bandleader-composer Miles Davis album Bitches Brew, producers like Phil Spector and George Martin were soon creating recordings that were, in practical terms, almost impossible to realise in live performance. Producers became creative figures in the studio, other examples of such engineers includes Joe Meek, Teo Macero, Brian Wilson, and Biddu
7.
Sentimental Journey (Ringo Starr album)
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Sentimental Journey is the debut studio album by English rock musician and former Beatles drummer Ringo Starr, released in 1970, as the band was splintering apart. Paul McCartneys debut, McCartney, would follow three weeks after Sentimental Journeys release and his mother said that Starr had good vocals. The plan was to create an album of standards that would reflect his mothers favourite songs, even asking them, Starr engaged the services of Beatles producer George Martin to helm his solo debut, shortly after the Beatles Abbey Road came out. Author Bill Harry states that on 1 October 1969, Starr asked Count Basie to write an arrangement score for Night and Day, however, Chico OFarrill received credit for the arrangement. Sessions for the album began on 27 October, on which Starr, backed by an orchestra, recorded the track Night, the track was also mixed the same day. The next session didnt take place until over a week later, on 6 November at Wessex Sound Studios, recording a track that remains unreleased. The following day, the track for the McCartney-arranged Stardust was recorded. On 14 November, Starr added his vocal to that track, and started developing the track Dream, arranged by Martin, the song was finished on 18 November at Trident Studios. The backing track for Blue, Turning Grey Over You was recorded 10 days later on 28 November, and then completed on 4 December, the vocals for the track werent recorded until later in the new year. Shortly after recording Blue, Turning Grey Over You Starr went on a trip to the US, the first session in the new year,1970, for the album was held on 14 January, at Olympic Sound Studios. There, vocals for Love Is a Many Splendored Thing and Sentimental Journey were laid down, Starr re-recorded his vocals for the song on the 5th. Starr recorded vocal overdubs on Have I Told You Lately That I Love You. on both 9 and 18 February 1970, the track was arranged by Elmer Bernstein. On 11 February, the orchestra for Im a Fool to Care was conducted by Voorman, on the same day, Starr added his vocal track to the song. A day later, the track, and Starrs vocal, for Let the Rest of the World Go By were recorded. Nearly a week later, on 18 February, overdubs were added to the song and that same day, the vocals for both Have I Told You Lately That I Love You. and Let the Rest of the World Go By were re-recorded. Following this, It Dont Come Easy was recorded during a part of the session. Two days later, Im a Fool to Care, Let the Rest of the World Go By, on 24 February, over a week later, Starrs vocal was recorded for Blue, Turning Grey Over You. Some time in February, the unreleased tracks Autumn Leaves and Ill Be Looking at the Moon were recorded, moving again, this time to Morgan Sound Studios on 5 March, at Paul McCartneys suggestion, the orchestra-laden Whispering Grass and Bye Bye Blackbird were taped
8.
Ringo (album)
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Ringo is the third studio album by Ringo Starr, released in 1973 on Apple Records. It peaked at number 7 on the UK Albums Chart and number 2 on the Billboard 200, in Canada, it reached number 1 on the RPM national albums chart. The album is noted for the appearance of all four Beatles, while both of these singles were big successes and would ordinarily have inspired albums to support them, Starr declined to follow through, preferring to concentrate on acting during this period. In early 1973, Starr decided the time was right to begin his first rock solo album, having already used Richard Perry to arrange one of the tracks on Sentimental Journey, Starr asked Perry to produce the sessions. Recording started on 5 March 1973, upon Starrs arrival in Los Angeles at Sunset Sound Recorders, sessions were produced by Richard Perry. When Starr sent word to all his friends to help him in his new venture. Taking part in the sessions were Marc Bolan, members of the Band, Billy Preston, Klaus Voormann, Nicky Hopkins, Harry Nilsson, additionally, all three of his former bandmates appeared on and composed material for Ringo. The song was first recorded in late 1972, with Harrison as producer, the song was remade five months later, produced this time by Perry for its appearance on Ringo. While they were sharing a living space in Los Angeles, Harrison and Mal Evans wrote You and Me after Evans requested for Harrison to add music to a song he was working on. Harrison dropped by on the sessions on 10 March, to see what kind of material Starr had recorded up to that point, Harrison was impressed with the material, saying, Im knocked out by what youve done. George returned a couple of later, on 12 March. Starr, John Lennon and Harrison appear together on the Lennon-penned song Im the Greatest, ten takes of the song were recorded in a session lasting approximately 18 minutes. Both Lennon and Harrison were in Los Angeles for business matters with Capitol Records, Lennon returned to New York on 14 March. John Lennon, George Harrison and Ringo Starr are all in Los Angeles with Klaus Voormann, also recorded during this month was Randy Newmans Have You Seen My Baby. It features overdubbed guitar by Bolan which was added at A&M Studios and this group of sessions lasted until 27 March. The next day, Starr and Perry flew to England, more work on the tracks was done at Burbank Studios, The Sound Lab, and Producers Workshop. On 16 April, Starr went to Apple Studio, in London, to record Six OClock, with Paul McCartney and his wife Linda, McCartney played synthesizer and piano, and sang backing vocals on the track. After finishing Six OClock, Starr requested his chauffeur to buy some tap dancing shoes, also in London, Starr with Nilsson recorded Youre Sixteen and Step Lightly, the former of which McCartney also appears on
9.
Single (music)
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In music, a single or record single is a type of release, typically a song recording of fewer tracks than an LP record, an album or an EP record. This can be released for sale to the public in a variety of different formats, in most cases, a single is a song that is released separately from an album, although it usually also appears on an album. Typically, these are the songs from albums that are released separately for promotional uses such as digital download or commercial radio airplay and are expected to be the most popular, in other cases a recording released as a single may not appear on an album. As digital downloading and audio streaming have become prevalent, it is often possible for every track on an album to also be available separately. Nevertheless, the concept of a single for an album has been retained as an identification of a heavily promoted or more popular song within an album collection. Despite being referred to as a single, singles can include up to as many as three tracks on them. The biggest digital music distributor, iTunes, accepts as many as three tracks less than ten minutes each as a single, as well as popular music player Spotify also following in this trend. Any more than three tracks on a release or longer than thirty minutes in total running time is either an Extended Play or if over six tracks long. The basic specifications of the single were made in the late 19th century. Gramophone discs were manufactured with a range of speeds and in several sizes. By about 1910, however, the 10-inch,78 rpm shellac disc had become the most commonly used format, the inherent technical limitations of the gramophone disc defined the standard format for commercial recordings in the early 20th century.26 rpm. With these factors applied to the 10-inch format, songwriters and performers increasingly tailored their output to fit the new medium, the breakthrough came with Bob Dylans Like a Rolling Stone. Singles have been issued in various formats, including 7-inch, 10-inch, other, less common, formats include singles on digital compact cassette, DVD, and LD, as well as many non-standard sizes of vinyl disc. Some artist release singles on records, a more common in musical subcultures. The most common form of the single is the 45 or 7-inch. The names are derived from its speed,45 rpm. The 7-inch 45 rpm record was released 31 March 1949 by RCA Victor as a smaller, more durable, the first 45 rpm records were monaural, with recordings on both sides of the disc. As stereo recordings became popular in the 1960s, almost all 45 rpm records were produced in stereo by the early 1970s
10.
The Beatles
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The Beatles were an English rock band, formed in Liverpool in 1960. With members John Lennon, Paul McCartney, George Harrison and Ringo Starr, the Beatles built their reputation playing clubs in Liverpool and Hamburg over a three-year period from 1960, with Stuart Sutcliffe initially serving as bass player. The core of Lennon, McCartney and Harrison went through a succession of drummers, including Pete Best, before asking Starr to join them. They acquired the nickname the Fab Four as Beatlemania grew in Britain the next year, from 1965 onwards, the Beatles produced increasingly innovative recordings, including the albums Rubber Soul, Revolver, Sgt. Peppers Lonely Hearts Club Band, The Beatles and Abbey Road, after their break-up in 1970, they each enjoyed successful musical careers of varying lengths. McCartney and Starr, the members, remain musically active. Lennon was shot and killed in December 1980, and Harrison died of cancer in November 2001. The Beatles are the band in history, with estimated sales of over 600 million records worldwide. They have had more number-one albums on the British charts and sold more singles in the UK than any other act, according to the RIAA, the Beatles are also the best-selling music artists in the United States, with 178 million certified units. In 2008, the group topped Billboard magazines list of the all-time most successful Hot 100 artists, as of 2016 and they have received ten Grammy Awards, an Academy Award for Best Original Song Score and fifteen Ivor Novello Awards. The group was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1988 and they were also collectively included in Time magazines compilation of the twentieth centurys 100 most influential people. In March 1957, John Lennon, then aged sixteen, formed a group with several friends from Quarry Bank school. They briefly called themselves the Blackjacks, before changing their name to the Quarrymen after discovering that a local group was already using the other name. Fifteen-year-old Paul McCartney joined as a rhythm guitarist shortly after he, in February 1958, McCartney invited his friend George Harrison to watch the band. The fourteen-year-old auditioned for Lennon, impressing him with his playing, after a month of Harrisons persistence, they enlisted him as their lead guitarist. By January 1959, Lennons Quarry Bank friends had left the group, the three guitarists, billing themselves at least three times as Johnny and the Moondogs, were playing rock and roll whenever they could find a drummer. They used the name until May, when they became the Silver Beetles, before undertaking a tour of Scotland as the backing group for pop singer. By early July, they had changed their name to the Silver Beatles, allan Williams, the Beatles unofficial manager, arranged a residency for them in Hamburg, but lacking a full-time drummer they auditioned and hired Pete Best in mid-August 1960
11.
Pop music
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Pop music is a genre of popular music that originated in its modern form in the United States and United Kingdom during the mid 1950s. The terms popular music and pop music are used interchangeably, although the former describes all music that is popular. Pop and rock were synonymous terms until the late 1960s, when they were used in opposition from each other. Although pop music is seen as just the singles charts, it is not the sum of all chart music. Pop music is eclectic, and often borrows elements from other such as urban, dance, rock, Latin. Identifying factors include generally short to medium-length songs written in a format, as well as the common use of repeated choruses, melodic tunes. David Hatch and Stephen Millward define pop music as a body of music which is distinguishable from popular, jazz, according to Pete Seeger, pop music is professional music which draws upon both folk music and fine arts music. Although pop music is seen as just the singles charts, it is not the sum of all chart music, the music charts contain songs from a variety of sources, including classical, jazz, rock, and novelty songs. Pop music, as a genre, is seen as existing and developing separately, pop music continuously evolves along with the terms definition. The term pop song was first recorded as being used in 1926, Hatch and Millward indicate that many events in the history of recording in the 1920s can be seen as the birth of the modern pop music industry, including in country, blues and hillbilly music. The Oxford Dictionary of Music states that while pops earlier meaning meant concerts appealing to a wide audience. Since the late 1950s, however, pop has had the meaning of non-classical mus, usually in the form of songs, performed by such artists as the Beatles. Grove Music Online also states that, in the early 1960s pop music competed terminologically with beat music, while in the USA its coverage overlapped with that of rock and roll. From about 1967, the term was used in opposition to the term rock music. Whereas rock aspired to authenticity and an expansion of the possibilities of music, pop was more commercial, ephemeral. It is not driven by any significant ambition except profit and commercial reward, and, in musical terms, it is essentially conservative. It is, provided from on high rather than being made from below, pop is not a do-it-yourself music but is professionally produced and packaged. The beat and the melodies tend to be simple, with limited harmonic accompaniment, the lyrics of modern pop songs typically focus on simple themes – often love and romantic relationships – although there are notable exceptions
12.
Billboard 200
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The Billboard 200 is a record chart ranking the 200 most popular music albums and EPs in the United States, published weekly by Billboard magazine. It is frequently used to convey the popularity of an artist or groups of artists, often, a recording act will be remembered by its number ones, those of their albums that outperformed all others during at least one week. The chart is based mostly on sales of albums in the United States, the weekly sales period was originally Monday to Sunday when Nielsen started tracking sales in 1991, but since July 2015, tracking week begins on Friday and ends on Thursday. A new chart is published the following Tuesday with an issue post-dated to the Saturday of the following week, the charts streaming schedule is also tracked from Friday to Thursday. Example, Friday January 1 – sales tracking week begins Thursday January 7 – sales tracking week ends Tuesday January 12 – new chart published, New product is released to the American market on Fridays. Digital downloads of albums are included in Billboard 200 tabulation. Albums that are not licensed for sale in the United States are not eligible to chart. As of the issue dated April 15,2017, the album on the Billboard 200 is More Life by Drake. Billboard began an album chart in 1945, initially only five positions long, the album chart was not published on a weekly basis, sometimes three to seven weeks passing before it was updated. A biweekly, 15-position Best-Selling Popular Albums chart appeared in 1955, the position count varied anywhere from 10 to 30 albums. The first number-one album on the new weekly list was Belafonte by Harry Belafonte, the chart was renamed to Best-Selling Pop Albums later in 1956, and then to Best-Selling Pop LPs in 1957. Beginning on May 25,1959, Billboard split the ranking into two charts Best-Selling Stereophonic LPs for stereo albums and Best-Selling Monophonic LPs for mono albums and these were renamed to Stereo Action Charts and Mono Action Charts in 1960. In January 1961, they became Action Albums—Stereophonic and Action Albums—Monophonic, three months later, they became Top LPs—Stereo and Top LPs—Monaural. On August 17,1963 the stereo and mono charts were combined into a 150-position chart called Top LPs, on April 1,1967, the chart was expanded to 175 positions, then finally to 200 positions on May 13,1967. In 1960, Billboard began concurrently publishing album charts which ranked sales of older or mid-priced titles and these Essential Inventory charts were divided by stereo and mono albums, and featured titles that had already appeared on the main stereo and mono album charts. In January 1961, the Action Charts became Action Albums—Monophonic, Albums appeared on either chart for up to nine weeks, then were moved to an Essential Inventory list of approximately 200 titles, with no numerical ranking. This list continued to be published until the consolidated Top LPs chart debuted in 1963, in 1982, Billboard began publishing a Midline Albums chart which ranked older or mid-priced titles. The chart held 50 positions and was published on a bi-weekly basis, on May 25,1991, Billboard premiered the Top Pop Catalog Albums chart
13.
Act Naturally
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In 2002, Shelly Fabian of About. com ranked the song number 169 on her list of the Top 500 Country Music Songs. The song tells the tale of someone who was jilted and because of that, can play a film part of someone sad. It has been recorded by other artists, including Loretta Lynn, Dwight Yoakam, Mrs. Miller. The most well-known other version is from The Beatles in 1965, featuring Ringo Starr taking the lead vocal, it became a featured performance number of his in concert, both with The Beatles and later with Ringo Starr & His All-Starr Band. Russell, originally from Mississippi, was based in Fresno, California in the early 1960s, one night, some of his friends from Oklahoma planned to do a recording session in Los Angeles and asked him to join them. In order to do so, Russell had to break a date with his then-girlfriend, when she asked me why I was going to L. A. I answered, They are going to put me in the movies, thus inspired, Russell quickly came up with a concept for a love song based around his comment. He wrote it that day, and tried to teach it to the singer he was helping in Los Angeles, Russell then wanted to record it himself, but his then-producer turned it down, claiming that songs about the movies were not hit material. A full two years passed before anyone recorded Act Naturally, no matter how hard I tried, I couldnt get anyone interested in it, Russell said. By 1963, Russell was writing with a woman named Voni Morrison, after Russell played Act Naturally for Morrison, she thought it would be a natural for Owens, and she told Russell that she could get him to record it. Because no one had yet recorded it, and Russell had an agreement with Morrison to share songwriting credits, he gave her partial credit, Owens did not like Act Naturally at first. But Buckaroo band member, Don Rich, heard Russells demo version and liked it, and eventually, one night, Russell got a phone call from Owens asking if he could record the song, and he said yes. I later found out that he had recorded the song that day and just wanted the publishing rights. I was more pleased to give him the rights in order to get the song recorded. Owens recorded Act Naturally at the Capitol Studios in Hollywood on February 12,1963, and it entered the Billboard country charts on April 13,1963. On June 15, Owens version spent the first of four weeks at #1. In all, it spent 28 weeks on the country charts, the song helped to make him a superstar, before the 1960s were over, Owens had placed 19 singles atop the Billboard country charts. The song also helped establish Russell as a songwriter, and in the 1970s he was successful as a singer as well
14.
What Goes On (Beatles song)
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What Goes On is a song by the Beatles, featured as the eighth track on their sixth British album Rubber Soul. The song was released as the B-side of the US single Nowhere Man. It is the song by the band credited to Lennon–McCartney-Starkey. The original version of the song was written by John Lennon in the Quarrymen days, the song was not used until 1965 as Ringo Starrs vocal piece for Rubber Soul. According to Lennon, it was resurrected with a middle eight thrown in, barry Miles also claimed that McCartney and Starr combined for the middle eight. There is no middle eight in the song, though one chorus and one verse are extended. Starr contributed to the lyrics, his first-ever composing credit on a Beatles song, however, when asked what his contribution was to the song, Starr jokingly stated, About five words, and I havent done a thing since. To his chagrin, the first pressing of the single accidentally omitted Starkey in the song-writing credit, the Rubber Soul version was recorded in one take, with overdubs, on 4 November 1965. In the verse before the break after Starr sings tell me why. In reference to the Beatles Tell Me Why from the previous year, during this session the Beatles recorded a long instrumental tune called 12-Bar Original for lack of a better name. 12-Bar Original was not included on Rubber Soul, and was not commercially available until 1996 when a version of take 2 of this song was included on the Anthology 2 album. In 2005, Sufjan Stevens covered the song on the compilation This Bird Has Flown - A 40th Anniversary Tribute to the Beatles Rubber Soul, Stevens version only keeps the lyrics of the original, as he takes his own interpretation on the melody and arrangement. In 2006 and 2008, Starr performed What Goes On live with each years All Starr Tour, in 2013 DJ Steve Funk covered the song solo acoustic in 3/4 waltz time. Alan W. Pollacks Notes on What Goes On
15.
George Harrison
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George Harrison, MBE was an English guitarist, singer, songwriter, and music and film producer who achieved international fame as the lead guitarist of the Beatles. Although most of the Beatles songs were written by John Lennon and Paul McCartney and his songs for the group included Taxman, Within You Without You, While My Guitar Gently Weeps, Here Comes the Sun and Something, the last of which became the Beatles second-most covered song. Harrisons earliest musical influences included George Formby and Django Reinhardt, Carl Perkins, Chet Atkins and Chuck Berry were subsequent influences. By 1965 he had begun to lead the Beatles into folk rock through his interest in the Byrds and Bob Dylan, having initiated the bands embracing of Transcendental Meditation in 1967, he subsequently developed an association with the Hare Krishna movement. He also organised the 1971 Concert for Bangladesh with Indian musician Ravi Shankar, in his role as a music and film producer, Harrison produced acts signed to the Beatles Apple record label before founding Dark Horse Records in 1974 and co-founding HandMade Films in 1978. Harrison released several best-selling singles and albums as a solo performer, Rolling Stone magazine ranked him number 11 in their list of the 100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time. He is a two-time Rock and Roll Hall of Fame inductee – as a member of the Beatles in 1988, Harrisons first marriage, to model Pattie Boyd in 1966, ended in divorce in 1977. The following year he married Olivia Harrison, with whom he had one son, Harrison died in 2001, aged 58, from lung cancer. He was cremated and his ashes were scattered in the Ganges and Yamuna rivers in India and he left an estate of almost £100 million. Born in Liverpool, United Kingdom, on 25 February 1943, Harrison was the youngest of four children of Harold Hargreaves Harrison and he had one sister, Louise, and two brothers, Harry and Peter. His mother was an assistant from a Catholic family with Irish roots. His future wife, the model Pattie Boyd, described Harrisons parents as quite short, an enthusiastic music fan, she was known among friends for her loud singing voice, which at times startled visitors by rattling the Harrisons windows. While pregnant with George, she listened to the weekly broadcast Radio India. Harrisons biographer Joshua Greene wrote, Every Sunday she tuned in to mystical sounds evoked by sitars and tablas, hoping that the music would bring peace. Harrison was born and lived the first six years of his life at 12 Arnold Grove, Wavertree, Liverpool, the home had an outdoor toilet and its only heat came from a single coal fire. In 1949 the family were offered a house and moved to 25 Upton Green. In 1948, at the age of five, Harrison enrolled at Dovedale Primary School and he passed the eleven-plus exam and attended Liverpool Institute High School for Boys from 1954 to 1959. Though the institute did offer a course, Harrison was disappointed with the absence of guitars
16.
All Things Must Pass
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All Things Must Pass is a triple album by English musician George Harrison. Recorded and released in 1970, the album was Harrisons first solo work since the break-up of the Beatles in April that year, and his third solo album overall. It includes the hit singles My Sweet Lord and What Is Life, as well as such as Isnt It a Pity. All Things Must Pass introduced Harrisons signature sound, the guitar. The original vinyl release consisted of two LPs of songs and a disc of informal jams, titled Apple Jam. Several commentators interpret Barry Feinsteins album cover photo, showing Harrison surrounded by four garden gnomes, production began at Londons Abbey Road Studios in May 1970, with extensive overdubbing and mixing continuing through October. The sessions produced an albums worth of extra material, most of which remains unissued. All Things Must Pass was critically and commercially successful on release, according to Colin Larkin, writing in the 2011 edition of his Encyclopedia of Popular Music, All Things Must Pass is generally rated as the best of all the former Beatles solo albums. During the final year of his life, Harrison oversaw a successful campaign to mark the 30th anniversary of the albums release. Following this reissue, in March 2001, the set was certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America. In January 2014, All Things Must Pass was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame, coinciding with this visit was a surge in Harrisons songwriting output, following his renewed interest in the guitar, after three years spent studying the Indian sitar. As well as being one of the few musicians to co-write songs with Dylan, Harrison had recently collaborated with Eric Clapton on Badge, which became a hit single for Cream in the spring of 1969. He also recorded artists such as Leon Russell and Jack Bruce. In addition, Harrison identified his involvement with the Hare Krishna movement as providing another piece of a puzzle that represented the spiritual journey he had begun in 1966. As well as embracing the Vaishnavist branch of Hinduism, Harrison produced two hit singles during 1969–70 by the UK-based devotees, credited as Radha Krishna Temple, in January 1970, Harrison invited American producer Phil Spector to participate in the recording of Lennons Plastic Ono Band single Instant Karma. This association led to Spector being given the task of salvaging the Beatles Get Back rehearsal tapes, released officially as the Let It Be album, and later co-producing All Things Must Pass. Harrison first discussed the possibility of making an album of his unused songs during the ill-tempered Get Back sessions. Despite having already made Wonderwall Music, an instrumental soundtrack album
17.
Audio engineer
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An audio engineer works on the recording, manipulating the record using equalization and electronic effects, mixing, reproduction, and reinforcement of sound. Audio engineers work on the. technical aspect of recording—the placing of microphones, pre-amp knobs, the physical recording of any project is done by an engineer. Many audio engineers creatively use technologies to produce sound for film, radio, television, music, electronic products and computer games. Audio engineers also set up, sound check and do live sound mixing using an audio console, research and development audio engineers invent new technologies, equipment and techniques, to enhance the process and art of audio engineering. They might also be referred to as acoustic engineers, audio engineers in research and development usually possess a bachelors degree, masters degree or higher qualification in acoustics, physics, computer science or another engineering discipline. They might work in consultancy, specializing in architectural acoustics. Alternatively they might work in companies, or other industries that need audio expertise. Some positions, such as faculty require a Doctor of Philosophy, in Germany a Toningenieur is an audio engineer who designs, builds and repairs audio systems. The listed subdisciplines are based on PACS coding used by the Acoustical Society of America with some revision, audio engineers develop algorithms to allow the electronic manipulation of audio signals. These can be processed at the heart of audio production such as reverberation. Alternatively, the algorithms might carry out echo cancellation on Skype, or identify, architectural acoustics is the science and engineering of achieving a good sound within a room. For audio engineers, architectural acoustics can be about achieving good speech intelligibility in a stadium or enhancing the quality of music in a theatre, architectural Acoustic design is usually done by acoustic consultants. Electroacoustics is concerned with the design of headphones, microphones, loudspeakers, sound reproduction systems, examples of electroacoustic design include portable electronic devices, sound systems in architectural acoustics, surround sound in movie theater and vehicle audio. Musical acoustics is concerned with researching and describing the science of music, in audio engineering, this includes the design of electronic instruments such as synthesizers, the human voice, computer analysis of audio, music therapy, and the perception and cognition of music. Psychoacoustics is the study of how humans respond to what they hear. At the heart of audio engineering are listeners who are the final arbitrator as to whether a design is successful. The production, computer processing and perception of speech is an important part of audio engineering, ensuring speech is transmitted intelligibly, efficiently and with high quality, in rooms, through public address systems and through mobile telephone systems are important areas of study. Producer, engineer, and mixer Phil Ek has described audio engineering as the aspect of recording—the placing of microphones, the turning of pre-amp knobs
18.
Acetate disc
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They are made for special purposes, almost never for sale to the general public. They can be played on any normal record player but will suffer from wear more quickly than vinyl, some acetates are highly prized for their rarity, especially when they contain unpublished material. Acetates are usually made by dubbing from a recording in another medium. Within the vinyl record industry, acetates are used for evaluating the quality of the tape-to-disc transfer. The term acetate derives from the used in examples cut before 1934. Cellulose acetate was only in use for a short while, lower-quality blanks were considered adequate for non-critical uses such as tests and demo discs. One pump usually provides suction for both the turntable and the tube that pulls away the fine string of nitrocellulose lacquer removed by the groove-cutting stylus. Acetates have not always been used solely as a means of evaluating a tape-to-disc transfer or cutting the master disc. They were widely used for many purposes before magnetic tape recorders became common and they were used extensively in Jamaica by sound system operators in the late 1940s and 1950s. Acetates were often used as demos of new recordings by artists, before the introduction of magnetic tape for mastering, disc recording was done live, although sometimes intermediate disc-to-disc editing procedures were involved. Acetate blanks allowed high-quality playable records to be produced instantaneously, acetates were widely used in radio broadcasting to archive live broadcasts, pre-record local programming, and delay network feeds for broadcast at a later time. Sixteen-inch discs recorded at 33⅓ rpm were used for these one-off electrical transcriptions beginning in the mid-1930s, around 1940, disc recorders designed for amateur home use began appearing on the market, but their high prices limited sales and then World War II brought their production to a halt. After the war, the popularity of such recorders greatly increased, countless discs were cut at parties and family gatherings, both for immediate amusement value and to preserve audio snapshots of these events and of the voices of relatives and friends. Acetate discs are less durable than some types of magnetic tape. In preparation for a pressing, acetates are used for quality control prior to the production of the stampers. The actual stampers can be either from normal acetates, or from a DMM disc. In the dance world, DJs cut new or otherwise special tracks on acetates, in order to test crowd response. This practice started as early as in the 1960s in Jamaica and these discs are known as dubplates
19.
AllMusic
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AllMusic is an online music guide service website. It was launched in 1991 by All Media Guide which later became All Media Network, AllMusic was launched in 1991 by Michael Erlewine of All Media Guide. The aim was to discographic information on every artist whos made a record since Enrico Caruso gave the industry its first big boost and its first reference book was published the following year. When first released onto the Internet, AMG predated the World Wide Web and was first available as a Gopher site, the AMG consumer web properties AllMusic. com, AllMovie. com and AllGame. com were sold by Rovi in July 2013 to All Media Network, LLC. All Media Network, LLC. was formed by the founders of SideReel. com. The following are contributors to AllMusic, as of this date, All Media Network also produced the AllMusic guide series that includes the AllMusic Guide to Rock, the All Music Guide to Jazz and the All Music Guide to the Blues. Vladimir Bogdanov is the president of the series, in August 2007, PC Magazine included AllMusic in its Top 100 Classic Websites list. All Media Network AllGame AllMovie SideReel All Music Guide to the Blues All Music Guide to Jazz Stephen Thomas Erlewine Official website
20.
Robert Christgau
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Robert Thomas Christgau is an American essayist, music journalist, and self-proclaimed Dean of American Rock Critics. One of the earliest professional rock critics, he spent 37 years as the music critic and senior editor for The Village Voice. He has also covered popular music for Esquire, Creem, Newsday, Playboy, Rolling Stone, Billboard, NPR, Blender, and MSN Music, and is a visiting arts teacher at New York University. Christgau is known for his terse capsule reviews, first published in his Consumer Guide columns during his tenure at The Village Voice from 1969 to 2006 and he has written three books based on those columns, along with two collections of essays. He continued writing capsule reviews in MSN Music, Cuepoint, Christgau was born in Greenwich Village and grew up in Queens, the son of a fireman. He has said he became a rock and roll fan when disc jockey Alan Freed moved to the city in 1954. After attending a school in New York City, he left New York for four years to attend Dartmouth College. While at college his musical interests turned to jazz, but he returned to rock after moving back to New York. Christgau has said that Miles Davis 1960 album Sketches of Spain initiated in him one phase of the disillusionment with jazz that resulted in my return to rock and he was deeply influenced by New Journalism writers such as Gay Talese and Tom Wolfe. My ambitions when I went into journalism were always, to an extent, literary, Christgau initially wrote short stories, before giving up fiction in 1964 to become a sportswriter, and later, a police reporter for the Newark Star-Ledger. He became a writer after a story he wrote about the death of a woman in New Jersey was published by New York magazine. He was asked to take over the dormant music column at Esquire, after Esquire discontinued the column, Christgau moved to The Village Voice in 1969, and he also worked as a college professor. In early 1972, he accepted a job as music critic for Newsday. Christgau returned to the Village Voice in 1974 as music editor and he remained there until August 2006, when he was fired shortly after the papers acquisition by New Times Media. Two months later, Christgau became an editor at Rolling Stone. Late in 2007, Christgau was fired by Rolling Stone, although he continued to work for the magazine for three months. Starting with the March 2008 issue, he joined Blender, where he was listed as senior critic for three issues and then contributing editor, Christgau had been a regular contributor to Blender before he joined Rolling Stone. He continued to write for Blender until the magazine ceased publication in March 2009, in 1987, he was awarded a Guggenheim Fellowship in the field of Folklore and Popular Culture to study the history of popular music
21.
Q (magazine)
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Q is a popular music magazine published monthly in the United Kingdom. Q was first published by the EMAP media group in October 1986, setting apart from much of the other music press with monthly production and higher standards of photography. In the early years, the magazine was sub-titled The modern guide to music, originally it was to be called Cue, but the name was changed so that it wouldnt be mistaken for a snooker magazine. Another reason, cited in Qs 200th edition, is that a title would be more prominent on newsstands. In January 2008 EMAP sold its consumer titles, including Q. The magazine has a review section, featuring, new releases, reissues, music compilations, film and live concert reviews, as well as radio. It uses a system from one to five stars, indeed. While its content is non-free they host an archive of all of their magazine covers, much of the magazine is devoted to interviews with popular musical artists. It is well known for compiling lists and it has created many, ranging from The 100 Greatest albums to the 100 Greatest 100 Greatest Lists. Every other month, Q — and its magazine, Mojo — have a special edition. These have been about musical times, genres, or a very important/influential musician, often, promotional gifts are given away, such as cover-mounted CDs or books. The January 2006 issue included a copy of The Greatest Rock. Every issue of Q has a different message on the spine, readers then try to work out what the message has to do with the contents of the mag. This practice — known as the spine line — has since become commonplace among British lifestyle magazines, including Qs sister publication, Empire, on 4 March 2007, Q named Elvis Presley the greatest singer of all time. The magazine has a relationship with the Glastonbury Festival, producing both a free daily newspaper on site during the festival and a review magazine available at the end of the festival. In late 2008 Q revamped its image, with an amount of text. This Rolling Stone-isation has led to criticism from much of the traditional Q readership, in 2006, Q published a readers survey, the 100 Greatest Songs Ever, won by Oasis Live Forever. Q has a history of associating with charitable organisations, and in 2006 the British anti-poverty charity War on Want was named its official charity, in the April 2007 issue, Q published an article containing the 100 Greatest Singers, won by Elvis Presley
22.
Rolling Stone
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Rolling Stone is an American biweekly magazine that focuses on popular culture. It was founded in San Francisco in 1967 by Jann Wenner, who is still the publisher. It was first known for its coverage and for political reporting by Hunter S. Thompson. In the 1990s, the magazine shifted focus to a readership interested in youth-oriented television shows, film actors. In recent years, it has resumed its traditional mix of content, Rolling Stone magazine was founded in San Francisco in 1967 by Jann Wenner and Ralph Gleason. To get it off the ground, Wenner borrowed $7,500 from his own family and from the parents of his soon-to-be wife, Jane Schindelheim. The first issue carried a date of November 9,1967. Some authors have attributed the name solely to Dylans hit single, At Gleasons suggestion, Rolling Stone initially identified with and reported the hippie counterculture of the era. In the very first edition, Wenner wrote that Rolling Stone is not just about the music, in the 1970s, Rolling Stone began to make a mark with its political coverage, with the likes of gonzo journalist Hunter S. Thompson writing for the magazines political section. Thompson first published his most famous work Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas within the pages of Rolling Stone, where he remained a contributing editor until his death in 2005. In the 1970s, the magazine also helped launch the careers of prominent authors, including Cameron Crowe, Lester Bangs, Joe Klein, Joe Eszterhas, Patti Smith. It was at point that the magazine ran some of its most famous stories. One interviewer, speaking for a number of his peers, said that he bought his first copy of the magazine upon initial arrival on his college campus. In 1977, the magazine moved its headquarters from San Francisco to New York City, editor Jann Wenner said San Francisco had become a cultural backwater. During the 1980s, the magazine began to shift towards being an entertainment magazine. Music was still a dominant topic, but there was increasing coverage of celebrities in television, films, the magazine also initiated its annual Hot Issue during this time. Rolling Stone was initially known for its coverage and for Thompsons political reporting. In the 1990s, the changed its format to appeal to a younger readership interested in youth-oriented television shows, film actors
23.
The Rolling Stone Album Guide
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The Rolling Stone Album Guide, previously known as The Rolling Stone Record Guide, is a book that contains professional music reviews written and edited by staff members from Rolling Stone magazine. Its first edition was published in 1979 and its last in 2004, the guide can be seen at Rate Your Music, while a list of albums given a five star rating by the guide can be seen at Rocklist. net. The Rolling Stone Record Guide was the first edition of what would later become The Rolling Stone Album Guide and it was edited by Dave Marsh and John Swenson, and included contributions from 34 other music critics. It is divided into sections by musical genre and then lists artists alphabetically within their respective genres, Albums are also listed alphabetically by artist although some of the artists have their careers divided into chronological periods. Dave Marsh, in his Introduction, cites as precedents Leonard Maltins book TV Movies and he gives Phonolog and Schwanns Records & Tape Guide as raw sources of information. The first edition included black and white photographs of many of the covers of albums which received five star reviews and these titles are listed together in the Five-Star Records section, which is coincidentally five pages in length. The edition also included reviews for many artists including Lenny Bruce, Lord Buckley, Bill Cosby, The Firesign Theatre, Spike Jones. Comedy artists were listed in the catch-all section Rock, Soul, Country and Pop, which included the genres of folk, bluegrass, funk, traditional pop performers were not included, with the notable exceptions of Frank Sinatra and Nat King Cole. Included too were some artists who might now be considered as world music. Big band jazz was handled selectively, with certain band leaders omitted, many other styles of jazz did appear in the Jazz section. The book was notable for the time in the provocative, in your style of many of its reviews. For example, writing about Neil Youngs song, Down by the River and his colleague, Dave Marsh, in reviewing the three albums of the jazz fusion group Chase, gave a one-word review, Flee. Good, a record of average worth, but one that might possess considerable appeal for fans of a particular style, mediocre, a record that is artistically insubstantial, though not truly wretched. Poor, a record where even technical competence is at question or it was remarkably ill-conceived, worthless, a record that need never have been created. Reserved for the most bathetic bathwater, Dave Marsh John Swenson Billy Altman Bob Blumenthal Georgia Christgau Jean-Charles Costa Chet Flippo Russell Gersten Mikal Gilmore Alan E. Like the first edition, it was edited by Dave Marsh and it included contributions from 52 music critics and featured chronological album listings under the name of each artist. In many cases, updates from the first edition consist of short, the only difference is that in addition to a rating, the second edition employs the pilcrow mark to indicate a title that was out of print at the time the guide was published. Many records had their ratings lowered as the book now offered a revisionist slant to rocks history and it included contributions from 16 music critics and featured alphabetical album listings under the name of each artist
24.
Nashville Skyline
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Nashville Skyline is the ninth studio album by American singer-songwriter Bob Dylan, released on April 9,1969, by Columbia Records as LP record, reel to reel tape and audio cassette. Building on the style he experimented with on John Wesley Harding. Rumors have long persisted that Dylan might have had his voice sped up slightly on the recordings to make it sound cleaner and clearer. The result received a positive reaction from critics, and was a commercial success. Reaching number 3 in the U. S. the album also scored Dylan his fourth UK No.1 album, by the time Nashville Skyline was recorded, the political climate in the United States had grown more polarized. In 1968, civil rights leader Martin Luther King Jr. riots had broken out in several major cities, including a major one surrounding the Democratic National Convention in Chicago and a number of racially motivated riots spurred by Kings assassination. A new President, Richard Nixon, was sworn into office in January 1969, protests over a wide range of political topics became more frequent. Dylan had been a cultural figure, noted for his political and social commentary throughout the 1960s. Even as he moved away from songs, he never lost his cultural status. Helped by an appearance on The Johnny Cash Show on June 7. Three singles were pulled from it, all of which received significant airplay on AM radio, despite the dramatic, commercial shift in direction, the press also gave Nashville Skyline a warm reception. A critic for Newsweek wrote of the great charm, and the ways Dylan, both as composer and performer, has found to exploit subtle differences on a deliberately limited emotional and verbal scale. In Rolling Stone, Paul Nelson wrote, Nashville Skyline achieves the impossible, a deep, humane. However, Nelson would retract his opinion in a review for Bob Dylans Greatest Hits Vol. II less than three years later, writing, I was misinformed, thats why no one should pay any attention to critics, especially the artist. In Christgaus opinion, he has gone to music because it is a repository of Jeffersonian values of rugged individualism, anti-statism. But he has no apparent interest in exposing, or even understanding, for although country music appears Jeffersonian, it is really Jacksonian--intensely chauvinistic, racist, majority-oriented, and antiaristocratic in the worst as well as the best sense. That is to say, it both sides of populism, the democratic and the fascistic. A few critics expressed some disappointment, ed Ochs of Billboard wrote, the satisfied man speaks in clichés, and blushes as if every day were Valentines Day
25.
Bob Dylan
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Bob Dylan is an American songwriter, singer, painter, and writer. He has been influential in music and culture for more than five decades. Much of his most celebrated work dates from the 1960s, when his songs chronicled social unrest, early songs such as Blowin in the Wind and The Times They Are a-Changin became anthems for the Civil Rights Movement and anti-war movement. Leaving behind his initial base in the American folk music revival, his six-minute single Like a Rolling Stone, recorded in 1965, Dylans lyrics incorporate a wide range of political, social, philosophical, and literary influences. They defied existing pop music conventions and appealed to the burgeoning counterculture, initially inspired by the performances of Little Richard and the songwriting of Woody Guthrie, Robert Johnson, and Hank Williams, Dylan has amplified and personalized musical genres. Dylan performs with guitar, keyboards, and harmonica, backed by a changing lineup of musicians, he has toured steadily since the late 1980s on what has been dubbed the Never Ending Tour. His accomplishments as a recording artist and performer have been central to his career, since 1994, Dylan has published seven books of drawings and paintings, and his work has been exhibited in major art galleries. As a musician, Dylan has sold more than 100 million records and he has also received numerous awards including eleven Grammy Awards, a Golden Globe Award, and an Academy Award. Dylan has been inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, Minnesota Music Hall of Fame, Nashville Songwriters Hall of Fame, and Songwriters Hall of Fame. The Pulitzer Prize jury in 2008 awarded him a citation for his profound impact on popular music and American culture. In May 2012, Dylan received the Presidential Medal of Freedom from President Barack Obama, in 2016, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature for having created new poetic expressions within the great American song tradition. Bob Dylan was born Robert Allen Zimmerman in St. Marys Hospital on May 24,1941, in Duluth, Minnesota and he has a younger brother, David. Dylans paternal grandparents, Zigman and Anna Zimmerman, emigrated from Odessa, in the Russian Empire and his maternal grandparents, Ben and Florence Stone, were Lithuanian Jews who arrived in the United States in 1902. Dylans father, Abram Zimmerman – an electric-appliance shop owner – and mother, Beatrice Beatty Stone, were part of a small, close-knit Jewish community. They lived in Duluth until Robert was six, when his father had polio and the returned to his mothers hometown, Hibbing. In his early years he listened to the radio—first to blues and country stations from Shreveport, Louisiana, and later and he formed several bands while attending Hibbing High School. In the Golden Chords, he performed covers of songs by Little Richard and their performance of Danny & the Juniors Rock and Roll Is Here to Stay at their high school talent show was so loud that the principal cut the microphone. In 1959, his high school yearbook carried the caption Robert Zimmerman, the same year, as Elston Gunnn, he performed two dates with Bobby Vee, playing piano and clapping
26.
John Lennon
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John Winston Ono Lennon, MBE was an English singer and songwriter who co-founded the Beatles, the most commercially successful and musically influential band in the history of popular music. He and fellow member Paul McCartney formed a songwriting partnership. Born and raised in Liverpool, Lennon became involved in the craze as a teenager, his first band, the Quarrymen, first became the Silver Beatles. After his marriage to Yoko Ono in 1969, he added Ono as one of his middle names, Lennon disengaged himself from the music business in 1975 to raise his infant son Sean, but re-emerged with Ono in 1980 with the new album Double Fantasy. He was murdered three weeks after its release, Lennon revealed a rebellious nature and acerbic wit in his music, writing, drawings, on film and in interviews. By 2012, Lennons solo album sales in the United States exceeded 14 million and, as writer, co-writer, or performer, he is responsible for 25 number-one singles on the US Hot 100 chart. In 2002, a BBC poll on the 100 Greatest Britons voted him eighth and, in 2008, Rolling Stone ranked him the fifth-greatest singer of all time. He was posthumously inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame in 1987, and into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame twice, in 1988 as a member of the Beatles and in 1994 as a solo artist. Lennon was born in war-time England, on 9 October 1940 at Liverpool Maternity Hospital, to Julia and Alfred Lennon, a merchant seaman of Irish descent and his parents named him John Winston Lennon after his paternal grandfather, John Jack Lennon, and then-Prime Minister Winston Churchill. When he eventually came home six months later, he offered to look after the family, after her sister, Mimi Smith, twice complained to Liverpools Social Services, Julia handed the care of Lennon over to her. In July 1946 Lennons father visited Smith and took his son to Blackpool, Julia followed them—with her partner at the time, Bobby Dykins—and after a heated argument his father forced the five-year-old to choose between them. Lennon twice chose his father, but as his mother walked away, he began to cry and followed her, according to author Mark Lewisohn, Lennons parents agreed that Julia should take him and give him a home as Alf left again. A witness who was there that day, Billy Hall, has said the scene often portrayed with a young John Lennon having to make a decision between his parents never happened. It would be 20 years before he had contact with his father again, Throughout the rest of his childhood and adolescence he lived at Mendips,251 Menlove Avenue, Woolton with his aunt and uncle, Mimi and George Smith, who had no children of their own. His aunt purchased volumes of stories for him, and his uncle. In September 1980, Lennon commented about his family and his rebellious nature, Part of me would like to be accepted by all facets of society, but I cannot be what I am not. I was the one who all the other boys parents—including Pauls father—would say, the parents instinctively recognised I was a troublemaker, meaning I did not conform and I would influence their children, which I did. I did my best to disrupt every friends home, partly out of envy that I didnt have this so-called home
27.
Melody Maker
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Melody Maker was a British weekly pop/rock/disco music newspaper, one of the worlds earliest music weeklies. It was founded in 1926, largely as a magazine for dance band musicians, by Leicester-born composer, publisher Lawrence Wright, in 2000 it was merged into long-standing rival New Musical Express. Originally the Melody Maker concentrated on jazz, and had Max Jones, one of the leading British proselytizers for that music and it was slow to cover rock and roll and lost ground to the New Musical Express, which had begun in 1952. MM began its Melody Maker LP charts in November 1958, two years after the Record Mirror published the first UK Albums Chart, MM had larger and more specialised advertising, soon-to-be well-known groups would advertise for musicians. It ran pages devoted to minority interests like folk and jazz, a 1968 Melody Maker poll named John Peel best radio DJ, attention which John Walters revealed may have helped Peel keep his job despite concerns at BBC Radio 1 about Peels style and record selection. Melody Maker supported glam rock and progressive rock in the 1970s, Coleman had been insistent that the paper should look like The Daily Telegraph, but Williams wanted the paper to look more contemporary. He commissioned a design, but this was rejected by Coleman. During this period Melody Maker was described as the journal. In January 1972, in a moment for rock journalism. It was during this interview that Bowie claimed, Im gay, OH YOU PRETTY THING ran the headline, and swiftly became part of pop mythology. Bowie later attributed his success to this interview, stating that, Yeah and it was that piece by Mick Watts. During his tenure at the paper, Watts also toured with and interviewed artists including Syd Barrett, Waylon Jennings, Pink Floyd, Bob Dylan, in 1980, after a strike which had taken the paper out of publication for a period, Williams left MM. Several journalists, such as Chris Bohn and Vivien Goldman, moved to NME, Coleman left in 1981, the papers design was updated, but sales and prestige were at a low ebb through the early 1980s, with NME dominant. While MM continued to devote most space to rock and indie music, it covered techno, rap and post rock, two of the papers writers, Push and Ben Turner, went on to launch IPC Medias monthly dance music magazine Muzik. The paper printed harsh criticism of Ocean Colour Scene and Kula Shaker, in 1992, they gave a French rock band called Darlin a negative review calling them a daft punky thrash. Darlin eventually became the music duo Daft Punk. The magazine retained its large classified ads section, and remained the first call for musicians wanting to form a band, Suede formed through ads placed in the paper. In early 1997, Allan Jones left to edit Uncut and he was replaced by Mark Sutherland, formerly of NME and Smash Hits, who thus fulfilled boyhood dream and stayed on to edit the magazine for three years
28.
The Guardian
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The Guardian is a British daily newspaper, known from 1821 until 1959 as the Manchester Guardian. Along with its sister papers The Observer and The Guardian Weekly, The Guardian is part of the Guardian Media Group, the Scott Trust became a limited company in 2008, with a constitution to maintain the same protections for The Guardian. Profits are reinvested in journalism rather than to the benefit of an owner or shareholders, the Guardian is edited by Katharine Viner, who succeeded Alan Rusbridger in 2015. In 2016, The Guardians print edition had a daily circulation of roughly 162,000 copies in the country, behind The Daily Telegraph. The newspaper has an online UK edition as well as two international websites, Guardian Australia and Guardian US, the newspapers online edition was the fifth most widely read in the world in October 2014, with over 42.6 million readers. Its combined print and online editions reach nearly 9 million British readers, notable scoops include the 2011 News International phone hacking scandal, in particular the hacking of murdered English teenager Milly Dowlers phone. The investigation led to the closure of the UKs biggest selling Sunday newspaper, and one of the highest circulation newspapers in the world, in 2016, it led the investigation into the Panama Papers, exposing the then British Prime Minister David Camerons links to offshore bank accounts. The Guardian has been named Newspaper of the Year four times at the annual British Press Awards, the paper is still occasionally referred to by its nickname of The Grauniad, given originally for the purported frequency of its typographical errors. The Manchester Guardian was founded in Manchester in 1821 by cotton merchant John Edward Taylor with backing from the Little Circle and they launched their paper after the police closure of the more radical Manchester Observer, a paper that had championed the cause of the Peterloo Massacre protesters. They do not toil, neither do they spin, but they better than those that do. When the government closed down the Manchester Observer, the champions had the upper hand. The influential journalist Jeremiah Garnett joined Taylor during the establishment of the paper, the prospectus announcing the new publication proclaimed that it would zealously enforce the principles of civil and religious Liberty. Warmly advocate the cause of Reform, endeavour to assist in the diffusion of just principles of Political Economy and. Support, without reference to the party from which they emanate, in 1825 the paper merged with the British Volunteer and was known as The Manchester Guardian and British Volunteer until 1828. The working-class Manchester and Salford Advertiser called the Manchester Guardian the foul prostitute, the Manchester Guardian was generally hostile to labours claims. The Manchester Guardian dismissed strikes as the work of outside agitators –, if an accommodation can be effected, the occupation of the agents of the Union is gone. CP Scott made the newspaper nationally recognised and he was editor for 57 years from 1872, and became its owner when he bought the paper from the estate of Taylors son in 1907. Under Scott, the moderate editorial line became more radical, supporting William Gladstone when the Liberals split in 1886
29.
Bob Woffinden
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Bob Woffinden is a British investigative journalist. Formerly a reporter with the New Musical Express, Woffinden has specialized since the 1980s in investigating miscarriages of justice. He has written about a number of cases in the UK, including James Hanratty, Philip English, Sion Jenkins, Jeremy Bamber, Charles Ingram, Jonathan King. In 1999, he was instrumental in winning a case against the secretary that established the right of prisoners in the UK claiming wrongful conviction to receive visits from journalists. Woffinden was educated at King Edward VI School, Lichfield, Staffordshire, after leaving university, he joined the New Musical Express as associate editor. In the 1980s, he became aware of failings in the justice system. He joined Yorkshire Television as a producer, and made films on legal and environmental issues for the First Tuesday documentary series. These included a film on the “cooking oil” disaster in Spain in 1981 which led to over 20,000 deaths. The film put forward evidence to show that the investigation was a cover-up and that the real cause of the disaster was not cooking-oil. The film won prizes at festivals in San Francisco and Venice and he also made a film on the adverse health effects of fluoride. Another of his films was Hanratty–The Mystery of Deadman’s Hill and this led to the reopening of the A6 Murder case by the Home Office, and a fresh legal battle over a case that was already thirty years old. In 1997, he published Hanratty–The Final Verdict, Woffinden tracked down surviving exhibits in the case and asked for these to be tested by DNA methods. After some considerable delay, the new testing was carried out, the Forensic Science Service successfully argued that the new tests conclusively proved Hanratty’s guilt, and an appeal in 2002 was thus rejected. He has twice taken cases to the House of Lords and has won both times, in 1995, the home secretary Michael Howard ruled that he should not be allowed into jail to visit a prisoner. This led to an action against the home office, despite the change of government in 1997, the defence of the action was continued by the new home secretary, Jack Straw. Finally, in 2000, in what was by then known as the Simms and O’Brien case and this thereby established the right of prisoners claiming wrongful conviction to receive visits from journalists. In 1997, he took up the case of Philip English, Woffinden found new lawyers for him and, in 1999 English’s conviction was quashed. It was the first time a prisoner was released after a House of Lords judgment, as a result, were in hiding, in fear for their lives
30.
Michael Nesmith
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Nesmiths songwriting credits include Different Drum. He is also a producer of the cult film Repo Man. In 1981, Nesmith won the first Grammy Award given for Video of the Year for his television show. Nesmith was born in Houston, Texas in 1942 He is a child, his parents, Warren Audrey Nesmith and Bette Nesmith Graham. He and his moved to Dallas to be closer to her parents, sister, aunts. Bette took temporary jobs ranging from work to graphics design. When Nesmith was 13, his mother invented a typewriter correction fluid later known commercially as Liquid Paper, over the next 25 years she built the Liquid Paper Corporation into a multimillion-dollar international company, which she finally sold to Gillette in 1979 for US$48 million. She died a few months later at age 56, Nesmith was enrolled in the Dallas public school system in 1949, at the age of six. Describing himself as an indifferent student, he participated in choral. He also began to write verse poetry, when he was 15 he enrolled in the Dallas Theater Center teen program, where he was featured in several plays. Without graduating from school, Nesmith enlisted in the United States Air Force in 1960. While in the Air Force, Nesmith obtained a G. E. D. and was discharged under honorable conditions in 1962 and he enrolled in San Antonio College, a community college, where he met John Kuehne and began a musical collaboration. The duo won the first San Antonio College talent award, performing a mixture of folk songs. He met another SAC student, Phyllis Ann Barbour, whom he later married, at the time, Phyllis was pregnant with their first child, Christian DuVal. Here Nesmith met, socialized, and performed many different members of the burgeoning new L. A. music scene. In October 1965, Nesmith landed the role as the wool hat-wearing, guitar player Mike in The Monkees TV series, the Monkees television series aired from 1966 until 1968 and has developed a cult following over the years. When The Monkees TV series ended in 1968, Nesmith enrolled part-time at the University of California, Los Angeles and studied American History, Michael and Phylliss second son, Jonathan, was born in February 1968. Nesmiths third son, Jason, was born in August 1968 to Nurit Wilde, in 1969, Nesmith formed the group First National Band with Kuehne, John Ware and Red Rhodes
31.
Mojo (magazine)
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Mojo is a popular music magazine published initially by Emap, and since January 2008 by Bauer, monthly in the United Kingdom. Following the success of the magazine Q, publishers Emap were looking for a title that would cater for the burgeoning interest in rock music. Mojo was first published on 15 October 1993, in keeping with its classic rock aesthetic, noted for its in-depth coverage of both popular and cult acts, it acted as the inspiration for Blender and Uncut. Many noted music critics have written for it including Charles Shaar Murray, Greil Marcus, Nick Kent, the launch editor of Mojo was Paul Du Noyer and his successors have included Mat Snow, Paul Trynka and Pat Gilbert. While some criticise it for its frequent coverage of rock acts such as the Beatles and Bob Dylan, it has nevertheless featured many newer. It was the first mainstream magazine in the UK to focus on the White Stripes, Mojo regularly includes a covermount CD that ties in with a current magazine article or theme. In 2004 it introduced the Mojo Honours list, a ceremony that is a mixture of readers. Two hundred photographers and writers from Mojo and Bauers other music magazines, more recently, the magazine has taken to publishing many Top 100 lists, including the subjects of drug songs, rock epics, protest songs and even the most miserable songs of all time. To celebrate 150 issues, the published an Top 100 Albums of Mojos Lifetime list. The list was compiled and voted on by a panel of superstars, including Björk, Tori Amos, Tom Waits, Brian Wilson, Pete Wentz. Little Richards 1955 hit Tutti Frutti took the one spot. Richards record, dubbed a torrent of filth wailed by an alien, beat the Beatles I Want to Hold Your Hand. The magazines editors claimed that the 100 albums, singles and 78s that made up the list make up the most influential and inspirational recordings ever made. Hailing Tutti Frutti as the sound of the birth of rock n roll, three of the most successful were the series telling the story of the Beatles – one thousand days at a time. Other special editions have focused on Pink Floyd, Psychedelia, Punk, the company behind the magazine, Bauer, also produced a digital radio station. This station was called Mojo Radio, and was transmitted on the television networks in the UK. The output of the station was based on that of the magazine and it was announced on 5 November 2008 that Mojo Radio would cease broadcasting on 30 November 2008 in order to save Bauer the financial outlay. The magazines current editor-in-chief, Phil Alexander, has a show on the UK digital radio station Planet Rock entitled Mojo Rocks where he follows a Mojo-inspired playlist
32.
Charlie Daniels
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Charles Edward Charlie Daniels is an American multi-instrumentalist, actor, lyricist, and singer, known for his contributions to country, bluegrass, and Southern rock music. He is perhaps best known for his number one country hit The Devil Went Down to Georgia, Daniels has been active as a singer and musician since the 1950s. He was inducted into the Grand Ole Opry on January 24,2008, Daniels was inducted into the Country Music Hall of Fame in 2016. He is also known for the role of himself in Yakety Yak, Take it Back, in 1964, Daniels co-wrote It Hurts Me with Joy Byers. He worked as a Nashville session musician, often for producer Bob Johnston, Daniels recorded his first solo album, Charlie Daniels, in 1971. He produced the 1969 album by The Youngbloods, Elephant Mountain and his first hit, the novelty song Uneasy Rider, was from his 1973 third album, Honey in the Rock, and reached No.9 on the Billboard Hot 100. During this period, Daniels played fiddle on many of The Marshall Tucker Bands early albums, A New Life, Where We All Belong, Searchin For a Rainbow, Long Hard Ride and Carolina Dreams. Daniels can be heard on the portion of the Where We All Belong album. The same year, he organized the first in a series of Volunteer Jam concerts based in or around Nashville, Tennessee, except for a three-year gap in the late 1980s, these jams have continued ever since. In 1975, he had a top 30 hit as leader of the Charlie Daniels Band with the Southern rock self-identification anthem The Souths Gonna Do It Again, Long Haired Country Boy was a minor hit in that year. Daniels played fiddle on Hank Williams, Jr. s 1975 album Hank Williams, Jr. Daniels won the Grammy Award for Best Country Vocal Performance in 1979 for The Devil Went Down to Georgia, which reached No.3 on the Billboard Hot 100 in September 1979. The following year, Devil became a crossover success on rock radio stations after its inclusion on the soundtrack for the hit movie Urban Cowboy. The song still receives airplay on U. S. classic rock. A hard rock/heavy metal cover version of the song was included in the video game Guitar Hero III, Daniels has openly stated his opposition to the metal cover and the devil winning occasionally in the game. Subsequent Daniels pop hits included In America, The Legend of Wooley Swamp, in 1980, Daniels participated in the country music concept album, The Legend of Jesse James. In the late 1980s and 1990s, several of Daniels albums and singles were hits on the Country charts, Daniels released several Gospel and Christian records. In 1999, he made a guest vocal appearance on his song All Night Long with Montgomery Gentry for their album, Tattoos and Scars. Daniels distinctive speaking voice was used in Frank Wildhorns 1999 musical and he is featured in the Prologue and In Great Deeds
33.
Roy Huskey Jr.
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Roy Milton Huskey was a prominent American upright bass player in country music from Nashville, Tennessee. Huskey performed alongside such as Chet Atkins, Garth Brooks, Johnny Cash, Vince Gill, George Jones, Steve Earle, Doc Watson. His father, Roy Madison Junior Huskey, was also a bass player. Huskey began his career at the age of 16 backing up Del Wood on the Grand Ole Opry in 1971 and his first job as a touring musician was with Roy Acuff as one of his Smoky Mountain Boys. Eventually his work spanned a range of styles including bluegrass, country, folk, Cajun. Huskey received a Grammy with Emmylou Harris and the Nash Ramblers for their 1992 live album At the Ryman and he was also honored with a number of Bass Player of the Year awards from organizations such as the IBMA, SPBGMA, and ACM. Huskey frequently performed dressed simply in a shirt while smoking a cigar. He was often noted for his rare musical intuitiveness and late in life spoke of his ability to hear music in colors, Huskey died of lung cancer at Columbia Centennial Medical Center in Nashville, Tennessee on September 6,1997 at the age of 40. Country musician Marty Stuart told The Tennessean Roy Huskey was an original state of the art, bona fide, textbook example of a bass-playing genius. Sam Bush recorded a tribute, Song for Roy, with help from Jon Randall, Emmylou Harris, the tribute appears on Bushs 1998 album, Howlin at the Moon. Steve Earle recorded the song Pilgrim as a tribute to Huskey on his 1998 album The Mountain, the 1999 album Trio II by Emmylou Harris, Linda Ronstadt, and Dolly Parton was dedicated to Roy. Roy Milton Huskey was son to former bassist, Roy Madison Junior Huskey, Roy Milton Huskey left behind a wife, Lisa Huskey, and two sons, Taylor Huskey, and JT Huskey. In 2006, the Country Music Hall of Fame ran an exhibit called Big Bass Men in tribute to Junior Huskey, the display featured an upright bass—made in Czechoslovakia in the 1880s—that both father and son had used on countless recordings. Another notable instrument Huskey inherited from his father was a Gibson 1920 Style-J mando bass, the elder Huskey owned two of the Style-J instruments and had given one to Roy Acuff. The other remained in the Roy Huskey Jr. estate following his death and was on loan for a time to bass player Dave Pomeroy
34.
Ben Keith
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Bennett Keith Schaeufele, better known by his stage name Ben Keith, was an American musician and record producer. Born in Fort Riley, Kansas, Keith later relocated to Bowling Green, keiths first big recording in Nashville was playing on Patsy Clines 1961 hit I Fall to Pieces. Keith first worked with Neil Young in 1971 on Youngs Harvest album, having been introduced by Elliot Mazer, the albums producer and this spawned a collaboration that would last nearly 40 years, as Keith went on to play with Young on over a dozen albums and numerous tours. Keith also played the role of Grandpa Green in the Neil Young feature-length movie Greendale and he also served as the producer of Jewels debut album Pieces of You, and worked as solo artist. He toured with Crosby Stills Nash & Young on their 2006 Freedom of Speech Tour, Keith died of a blood clot in his lung while at his home on Youngs ranch in Northern California on July 26,2010. To a Wild Rose Seven Gates, A Christmas Album by Ben Keith and Friends In Memory of Ben Keith,1937 –2010 Music Web Express 3000 interview with Ben Keith, http, //www. mwe3. com/reviews/NeilYoungAT/
35.
Charlie McCoy
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Charles Ray Charlie McCoy is a Grammy-winning American session musician noted mainly for his harmonica performance, but also for his skill on a wide variety of instruments. In 2009 he was inducted into the Country Music Hall of Fame, based in Nashville, McCoy has performed with musicians including Elvis Presley, Bob Dylan, Johnny Cash, Chet Atkins, Waylon Jennings and Loretta Lynn. He has recorded studio albums, including fourteen for Monument Records. Thirteen of his singles have entered the Billboard country charts and he was a member of Area Code 615 and Barefoot Jerry. In 2007 McCoy was inducted into the International Musicians Hall of Fame as a part a group of musicians dubbed The A-Team. McCoys family moved to nearby Fayetteville when he was a boy and then to Miami, at age eight, he began playing the harmonica starting on an instrument his mother bought for 50 cents. He also learned to play the guitar, and in his teens he learned the bass. In high school in Miami his skills had developed to such an extent that he decided to pursue a career in music and he joined a local rock and roll band as a guitarist and singer. When he was sixteen years old he accompanied a friend to visit a country barn dance radio show in Miami called the Old South Jamboree. Upon their arrival, McCoys friend left him in the crowd and went to talk to Happy Harold, McCoys performance that night, along with the positive response from the shows audience, led to him and his rock band being signed to the Old South Jamboree. His band consisted of Donny Lytle, later known as Johnny Paycheck, on bass, Bill Johnson on steel guitar, Charlie Justice on guitar, about this time the band took part in a local rock and roll contest, winning first prize. Following an invitation from Mel Tillis, the eighteen-year-old McCoy went to Nashville, Tennessee, during his stay in Nashville he visited numerous producers and record companies but all to no avail. Since his efforts to start a career in Nashville had failed. He enrolled at the Miami University, majoring in musical education and his goal was now to become a teacher. Meanwhile, he continued to perform on the Jamboree, when Miami faculty members discovered that he was playing rock and roll for a square dance they warned him not to continue with such lower forms of music. McCoy replied that he was willing to quit his work at the dance if they would give him a scholarship. McCoy, who wanted to make a career in music. But when he arrived in Nashville, his job had already taken by guitarist Vance Bullock
36.
Jerry Reed
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Jerry Reed Hubbard, known professionally as Jerry Reed, was an American country music singer, guitarist, and songwriter, as well as an actor who appeared in more than a dozen films. Reed was announced as an inductee into the Country Music Hall of Fame on April 5,2017, Reed was born in Atlanta, Georgia, the second child of Robert and Cynthia Hubbard. Reed’s grandparents lived in Rockmart, and he would visit them from time to time and he was quoted as saying as a small child while running around strumming his guitar, I am gonna be a star. I’m gonna go to Nashville and be a star, Reed’s parents separated four months after his birth, and he and his sister spent seven years in foster homes or orphanages. Reed was reunited with his mother and stepfather in 1944, by high school, Reed was already writing and singing music, having picked up the guitar as a child. At age 18, he was signed by publisher and record producer Bill Lowery to cut his first record, If the Good Lord’s Willing, at Capitol Records, he recorded both country and rockabilly singles to little notice until label mate Gene Vincent covered his Crazy Legs in 1958. Reed married Priscilla Prissy Mitchell in 1959 and they had two daughters, Charlotte Elaine Lottie Hubbard Zavala, and Seidina Ann Hubbard, born April 2,1960. Priscilla Mitchell was a member of folk group the Appalachians, and was co-credited with Roy Drusky on the 1965 Country No.1 Yes Mr. Peters. In 1959, Reed hit the Billboard Bubbling Under the Top 100, also known as Roar and he also became a popular session and tour guitarist. In 1962, he scored some success with two singles Goodnight Irene and Hully Gully Guitar, which found their way to Chet Atkins at RCA Victor, who produced Reed’s 1965 If I Dont Live Up to It. In July 1967, Reed had his best showing on the charts with his self-penned Guitar Man. Reeds next single was Tupelo Mississippi Flash, a tribute to Presley. Recorded on September 1, the song became his first Top 20 hit, in a remarkable twist of fate, Elvis came to Nashville to record nine days later on September 10,1967, and one of the songs he became especially excited about was Guitar Man. Reed recalled how he was tracked down to play on the Elvis session, I was out on the Cumberland River fishing and he said, ‘Elvis is down here. We’ve been trying to cut Guitar Man all day long and he wants it to sound like it sounded on your album. I finally told him, Well, if you want it to sound like that, you’re going have to get me in there to play guitar, I pick with my fingers and tune that guitar up all weird kind of ways. Jarvis hired Reed to play on the session, I hit that intro, and face lit up and here we went. Then after he got through that, he cut U. S, Reed also played the guitar for Elvis Presley’s Big Boss Man, recorded in the same session. S
37.
The Jordanaires
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The Jordanaires were an American vocal quartet that formed as a gospel group in 1948. They are known for providing vocals for Elvis Presley, in live appearances. The group has worked in the recording studio, on stage. In 1948, Matt and Jack left to become full-time preachers and were replaced by Bob Hubbard, also a minister, and bass singer Culley Holt, after three years Money was replaced as pianist by Gordon Stoker. At that time, they formed the new group as the Melodizing Matthews, in Springfield, Missouri and this starting lineup lasted until 1949, at that time, Bob Hubbard was drafted and was replaced by Hoyt Hawkins. Later that year, Monty and Bill Matthews left, Hawkins switched to baritone, and new lead Neal Matthews was recruited. Don Bruce came in as a new first tenor, however, the group narrowed to a quartet, with Stoker taking over as first tenor. They became members of the Grand Ole Opry in 1949 and they recorded for Capitol Records in the early 1950s, and began providing vocal accompaniment behind solo singers in Nashville, Tennessee. The lineup changed again in 1954, with Culley Holt leaving, the quartet became well known in the southern gospel realm, and what made them stand out from other quartets of that time was how they would bring spirituals to a predominantly white audience. While continuing to turn out albums of their own, the group become better known for the signature background harmonies they have provided on dozens of secular records. Jarrett remained until 1958, at time, he was replaced by Ray Walker. October 31954 a teenage Elvis Presley made the drive from Memphis to Nashville to make his one, debuting his high-energy brand of rockabilly with Blue Moon of Kentucky it was his first live performance on national radio broadcast. He had just recorded his first record at Sun studios, Thats All Right just a few weeks prior, an afternoon in 1955, the Jordanaires played a show in Memphis with Eddy Arnold to publicize their new syndicated TV series, Eddy Arnold Time. He was on Sun Records at that time, on January 10,1956, Presley recorded his first session for RCA with guitarist Scotty Moore, bassist Bill Black, and drummer D. J. Fontana. I Got a Woman, Heartbreak Hotel, and Money Honey were recorded, Presley asked his new label RCA Victor if the Jordanaires could appear on the recordings. The next day Gordon Stoker was called by Chet Atkins to do a session with a new singer named Elvis. RCA had also just signed the Speer Family, Atkins asked Stoker to sing with Ben and Brock Speer so he could use them. The recording session for Im Counting on You and I Was the One was the first session Presley did with vocal background, by April 1956, Heartbreak Hotel was No.1
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