Belgian Federal Parliament

Belgian Federal Parliament Dutch: Federaal Parlement van België French: Parlement fédéral belge German: Föderales Parlament von Belgien
Emblem of the Senate
Emblem of the Chamber of Representatives
Type
Type	Bicameral (de facto unicameral)
Houses	Senate Chamber
Leadership
President of the Senate	Christine Defraigne, MR Since October 14, 2014
President of the Chamber	Siegfried Bracke, N-VA Since October 14, 2014
Structure
Seats	210 60 Senators 150 Representatives
Senate political groups	Government (21):      MR (8)      CD&V (8)      Open Vld (5) Opposition (39)      N-VA (12)      PS (9)      Groen (3) /      Ecolo (3)      sp.a (5)      cdH (4)      VB (2)      German-speaking senator (1)
Chamber political groups	Government (52):      MR (20)      CD&V (18)      Open Vld (14) Opposition (98):      N-VA (31)      PS (23)      sp.a (13)      Ecolo/Groen (12)      cdH (9)      VB (3)      PTB–GO!/PVDA+ (2)      FDF (2)      Vuye-Wouters (2)      PP (1)
Elections
Senate voting system	Indirect election
Chamber voting system	Open list proportional representation within eleven constituencies, with 5% constituency electoral thresholds
Chamber last election	May 25, 2014
Meeting place
Palace of the Nation, Brussels
Website
www.fed-parl.be

The Belgian Federal Parliament is the bicameral parliament of Belgium. It consists of the Chamber of Representatives (Dutch: Kamer van Volksvertegenwoordigers (help·info), French: Chambre des Représentants, German: Abgeordnetenkammer) and the Senate (Dutch: Senaat (help·info), French: Sénat, German: Senat). It sits in the Palace of the Nation (French: Palais de la Nation, Dutch: Paleis der Natie, German: Palast der Nation). The Chamber of Representatives is the primary legislative body; the Senate functions only as a meeting place of the federal communities and regions.

The Constitution does not mention the Federal Parliament as such; it stipulates that the federal legislative power is exercised by the King and the Chamber of Representatives (and exceptionally the Senate), and defines when the United Chambers convene.

Chamber of Representatives[edit]

The Chamber of Representatives holds its plenary meetings in the Palace of the Nation, Brussels. Eligibility requirements for the Chamber are a minimum age of 21, citizenship, and residency in Belgium.

The number of seats in the Chamber is constitutionally set at 150 elected from 11 electoral districts. The districts are divided along linguistic lines: 5 Flemish (79 seats), 5 Walloon (49 seats), and the bilingual district of Brussels-Halle-Vilvoorde (22 seats). The districts are the provinces, except for the districts of Leuven (part of Flemish Brabant) and Brussels-Halle-Vilvoorde. Each district is given a number of seats proportional to its population (not number of voters) ranging from 4 for Luxembourg to 24 for Antwerp. All districts have an electoral threshold of 5%, except for Brussels-Halle-Vilvoorde and Leuven; all districts are monolingual, except for Brussels-Halle-Vilvoorde which encompasses both the 19 bilingual municipalities from the Brussels-Capital region and some 35 Dutch-speaking municipalities in Flemish Brabant, incl. 7 with language facilities for French-speakers.

The current composition was elected at the federal elections of 2014.

e • d Summary of the 25 May 2014 Belgian Chamber of Representatives election results

← 2010 • 2014 • 2019 →
Party		Leader(s)	Votes	%	+/–	E.c. %	Seats	+/–
	New Flemish Alliance (N-VA)	Bart De Wever	1,366,414	20.26	2.86	32.22	33 / 150	6
	Socialist Party (PS)	Elio Di Rupo	787,165	11.67	2.05	31.43	23 / 150	3
	Christian Democratic & Flemish (CD&V)	Wouter Beke	783,060	11.61	0.77	18.47	18 / 150	1
	Open Flemish Liberals and Democrats (Open Vld)	Gwendolyn Rutten	659,582	9.78	1.17	15.55	14 / 150	1
	Reformist Movement (MR)	Charles Michel	650,290	9.64	0.31	25.96	20 / 150	2
	Socialist Party–Differently (sp.a)	Bruno Tobback	595,486	8.83	0.36	14.04	13 / 150	0
	Green (Groen)	Wouter Van Besien	358,947	5.32	0.94	8.46	6 / 150	1
	Humanist Democratic Centre (cdH)	Benoît Lutgen	336,281	4.99	0.59	13.43	9 / 150	0
	Workers' Party (PTB–GO!/PVDA+)	Peter Mertens PVDA+ PTB–GO!	251,289 118,246 132,685	3.72 1.76 1.97	2.17	— 3.24 5.31	2 / 150	2
	Flemish Interest (Vlaams Belang)	Gerolf Annemans	247,746	3.67	4.07	5.84	3 / 150	9
	Ecolo	Olivier Deleuze & Emily Hoyos	222,551	3.30	1.50	8.89	6 / 150	2
	Francophone Democratic Federalists (FDF)	Olivier Maingain	121,403	1.80	new	4.85	2 / 150	2
	People's Party (Parti Populaire)	Mischaël Modrikamen	102,599	1.51	0.24	4.10	1 / 150	0
	Libertarian, Direct, Democratic (LDD)	Jean-Marie Dedecker	28,414	0.42	1.88	0.67	0 / 150	1
	Others (parties that received less than 1% of the overall vote)		233,805	3.47	—	—	0 / 150	0
Valid votes			6,745,059	94.24
Blank and invalid votes			412,439	5.76
Totals			7,157,498	100.00	—	—	150 / 150	0
Electorate and voter turnout			8,001,278	89.45	0.23
Source: Federal Portal − Chamber Elections 2014 Notes: 1) E.c. = electoral college (Dutch- and French-speaking)

Kingdom of Belgium
This article is part of a series on the politics and government of Belgium
Constitution
Monarchy Monarch (list) Philippe Duchess of Brabant Elisabeth of Belgium Crown Council Royal Family
Federal Parliament Senate President: Christine Defraigne Chamber of Representatives President: Siegfried Bracke
Federal Cabinet Michel II Government Prime Minister: Charles Michel
Federal Judiciary Highest courts Constitutional Court Court of Cassation Council of State Appeal courts Court of Appeal Court of Labour Court of Assize First instance tribunals Court of First Instance Correctional Court Juvenile Court Labour Court Commercial Court Small claims Small crimes Police Court Justice of the Peace
Recent elections European 2004 2009 2014 2019 Federal 2007 2010 2014 2019 Regional 2004 2009 2014 2019 Local 2000 2006 2012 2018 Political parties
Subdivisions Communities and regions Provinces Arrondissements Municipalities
Foreign relations
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v t e

Senate[edit]

Since 2014, the Senate consists of 60 members. There are two categories of senators: co-opted senators and senators of community and regional parliaments.

50 senators are elected by and from the community and regional parliaments: 29 by the Flemish Parliament, 10 by the Parliament of the French Community, 8 by the Walloon Parliament, 2 by the French-language group of the Parliament of the Brussels-Capital Region, and 1 by the Parliament of the German-speaking Community.

The 10 other senators are co-opted: elected by the 50 other senators. Eligibility requirements for the Senate are identical to those for the Chamber.

Before 2014, the Senate consisted of 71 senators, only 21 of which were elected by the community parliaments. 25 were directly elected by the Flemish-speaking constituency and 15 by the French-speaking constituency. The last direct election of these 40 members occurred in the 2010 federal elections. The 2014 elections are the first one with the reformed Senate.

The President of the Senate since 2014 has been Christine Defraigne (MR). The Senate holds its plenary meetings in the Palace of the Nation, Brussels.

Legislative procedure[edit]

Since the elections of 21 May 1995, there has been a breakdown of powers between the Chamber of Representatives and the Senate, which resulted in the latter having fewer competences than the Chamber of Representatives. Prior to that, the Chamber of Representatives and the Senate did the same parliamentary work on an equal footing, but now there are three different legislative procedures that can be followed: the one-chamber procedure, the optional two-chamber procedure, and the mandatory two-chamber procedure.

In certain matters both Chambers have equal power. These include constitutional revisions, laws requiring a qualified majority, laws on the basic structure of the Belgian State, laws approving agreements of cooperation between the Federal State, the Communities and the Regions, laws on the approval of international treaties, and laws on the organisation of the judiciary, the Council of State, and the Constitutional Court. In this case, the mandatory bicameral procedure applies, which means that both Chambers must pass exactly the same version of the bill.

For most other legislation, the Chamber of Representatives takes precedence over the Senate and the optional bicameral procedure applies. This means that the Senate may still intervene as a chamber of consideration and reflection. It has the opportunity to, within specific time limits, examine the bills adopted by the Chamber of Representatives and, if there is a reason to do so, make amendments. The Chamber may subsequently adopt or reject the amendments proposed by the Senate or make new proposals. The Senate can also submit a bill it has adopted to the Chamber, which can approve, reject or amend it. Whatever the case, the Chamber has the final word.

The one-chamber procedure applies in cases where the Chamber of Representatives has the sole power to legislate. It means that the Senate cannot intervene and that the Senate's approval is not required for the bill to pass. The matters for which the Chamber of Representatives is exclusively responsible include naturalisations, ministerial liability, State budget and accounts and military quotas.

United Chambers[edit]

This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (June 2008)

The United Chambers (Dutch: Verenigde Kamers, French: Chambres réunies, German: Vereinigten Kammern) is the name given to the body created when both chambers of the Federal Parliament meet in joint session. The United Chambers are convened only on certain occasions enumerated in the Belgian Constitution: the King must take the constitutional oath before the United Chambers, in accordance with article 91 of the Constitution, and the United Chambers must provide for the regency in the event that the successor to the Crown is a minor or the King is unable to reign, in accordance with articles 92 and 93 of the Constitution. The last session of the United Chambers took place on 21 July 2013, when King Philippe of Belgium took the constitutional oath.^[1]

Palace of the Nation[edit]

A view of the Palace of the Nation in the 1890s

The Palace of the Nation (French: Palais de la Nation; Dutch: Paleis der Natie) was built to a Neoclassical design by French architect Gilles-Barnabé Guimard from 1779 to 1783 and includes sculptures by Gilles-Lambert Godecharle. Under Austrian rule it housed the Sovereign Council of Brabant before being used as a courthouse during the French period. During the Dutch period it was one of two homes of the Parliament of the United Kingdom of the Netherlands, the other being in the Hague. The provisional Government of Belgium and the Belgian National Congress moved into the building in 1830 and the first session of the House of Representatives and Senate was held there a year later.

It stands near the site of the former palace of the Dukes of Brabant, which was destroyed by fire in 1731, and has itself been badly damaged by fire, in 1820 and 1883.^[2]

See also[edit]

• Politics of Belgium
• Court of Audit of Belgium
• List of political parties in Belgium
• Brussels Parliament
• Flemish Parliament
• Commission communautaire française
• Parliament of the German-speaking Community
• Vlaamse Gemeenschapscommissie
• Walloon Parliament
• Parliament of the French Community
• List of legislatures by country

References[edit]

External links[edit]

• Chamber of Representatives
• Senate

Coordinates: 50°50′48″N 4°21′53″E / 50.84667°N 4.36472°E / 50.84667; 4.36472