The Berlin Customs Wall was a ring wall around the historic city of Berlin, between 1737 and 1860; the wall itself had no defence function but was used to facilitate the levying of taxes on the import and export of goods (tariffs) which was the primary income of many cities at the time.
Wall monument made from excavated stones
Leipzig Gate/Potsdam Gate around 1830
Rosenthal Gate around 1800
Pariser Platz is a square in the historic center of Berlin, Germany, situated by the Brandenburg Gate at the end of the Unter den Linden. The square is named after the French capital of Paris to commemorate the anti-Napoleon Allies' victory at the Battle of Paris (1814), and is one of the main focal points of the city.
Pariser Platz with the Brandenburg Gate
Entry of Napoleon into Berlin by Charles Meynier depicting Napoleon in Pariser Platz, 1806
The Brandenburg Gate in 1871 with decorations and victorious Prussian troops after the Franco-Prussian War
Pariser Platz in June 1945