1.
Geographic coordinate system
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A geographic coordinate system is a coordinate system used in geography that enables every location on Earth to be specified by a set of numbers, letters or symbols. The coordinates are chosen such that one of the numbers represents a vertical position. A common choice of coordinates is latitude, longitude and elevation, to specify a location on a two-dimensional map requires a map projection. The invention of a coordinate system is generally credited to Eratosthenes of Cyrene. Ptolemy credited him with the adoption of longitude and latitude. Ptolemys 2nd-century Geography used the prime meridian but measured latitude from the equator instead. Mathematical cartography resumed in Europe following Maximus Planudes recovery of Ptolemys text a little before 1300, in 1884, the United States hosted the International Meridian Conference, attended by representatives from twenty-five nations. Twenty-two of them agreed to adopt the longitude of the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, the Dominican Republic voted against the motion, while France and Brazil abstained. France adopted Greenwich Mean Time in place of local determinations by the Paris Observatory in 1911, the latitude of a point on Earths surface is the angle between the equatorial plane and the straight line that passes through that point and through the center of the Earth. Lines joining points of the same latitude trace circles on the surface of Earth called parallels, as they are parallel to the equator, the north pole is 90° N, the south pole is 90° S. The 0° parallel of latitude is designated the equator, the plane of all geographic coordinate systems. The equator divides the globe into Northern and Southern Hemispheres, the longitude of a point on Earths surface is the angle east or west of a reference meridian to another meridian that passes through that point. All meridians are halves of great ellipses, which converge at the north and south poles, the prime meridian determines the proper Eastern and Western Hemispheres, although maps often divide these hemispheres further west in order to keep the Old World on a single side. The antipodal meridian of Greenwich is both 180°W and 180°E, the combination of these two components specifies the position of any location on the surface of Earth, without consideration of altitude or depth. The grid formed by lines of latitude and longitude is known as a graticule, the origin/zero point of this system is located in the Gulf of Guinea about 625 km south of Tema, Ghana. To completely specify a location of a feature on, in, or above Earth. Earth is not a sphere, but a shape approximating a biaxial ellipsoid. It is nearly spherical, but has an equatorial bulge making the radius at the equator about 0. 3% larger than the radius measured through the poles, the shorter axis approximately coincides with the axis of rotation
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Financial endowment
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A financial endowment is a donation of money or property to a nonprofit organization for the ongoing support of that organization. An endowment may come with stipulations regarding its usage, the total value of an institutions investments is often referred to as the institutions endowment and is typically organized as a public charity, private foundation, or trust. Among the institutions that commonly manage endowments are academic institutions, cultural institutions, service organizations, the earliest endowed chairs were those established by the Roman emperor and Stoic philosopher Marcus Aurelius in Athens in AD176. Aurelius created one endowed chair for each of the schools of philosophy, Platonism, Aristotelianism, Stoicism. Later, similar endowments were set up in other major cities of the Empire. Today, the University of Glasgow has fifteen Regius Professorships, private individuals soon adopted the practice of endowing professorships. Isaac Newton held the Lucasian Chair of Mathematics at Cambridge beginning in 1669, unrestricted endowment can be used in any way the recipient chooses to carry out its mission. Term endowment funds stipulate that all or part of the principal may be expended only after the expiration of a period of time or occurrence of a specified event. Quasi endowment funds must retain the purpose and intent as specified by the donor or source of the original funds, Endowment revenue can be restricted by donors to serve many purposes. Endowed professorships or scholarships restricted to a subject are common. Ignoring the restriction is called invading the endowment, but change of circumstance or financial duress like bankruptcy can preclude carrying out the donors intent. A court can alter the use of restricted endowment under a doctrine called cy-près meaning to find an alternative as near as possible to the donors intent, the restricted/unrestricted distinction focuses on the use of the funds, see quasi-endowment below for a distinction about whether principal can be spent. Academic institutions, such as colleges and universities, will control a endowment fund that finances a portion of the operating or capital requirements of the institution. In addition to an endowment fund, each university may also control a number of restricted endowments that are intended to fund specific areas within the institution. The most common examples are endowed professorships, and endowed scholarships or fellowships, in the United States, the endowment is often integral to the financial health of educational institutions. Alumni or friends of institutions sometimes contribute capital to the endowment, the endowment funding culture is strong in the United States and Canada but less pronounced overseas, with the exceptions of Cambridge and Oxford universities. Endowment funds have also created to support secondary and elementary school districts in several states in the United States. An endowed professorship is a position permanently paid for with the revenue from an endowment fund set up for that purpose
3.
Daytona Beach, Florida
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Daytona Beach is a city in Volusia County, Florida, United States. It lies about 51 miles northeast of Orlando,86 miles southeast of Jacksonville, in the 2010 U. S. Census, it had a population of 61,005. It is a city of the Deltona–Daytona Beach–Ormond Beach, FL metropolitan statistical area. Daytona Beach is also a city of the Fun Coast region of Florida. The city is known for its beach where the hard-packed sand allows motorized vehicles to drive on the beach in restricted areas. This hard-packed sand made Daytona Beach a mecca for motorsports, and this was replaced in 1959 by Daytona International Speedway. The city is also the headquarters for NASCAR, other events include the NASCAR Coke Zero 400 race in July, Bike Week in early March, Biketoberfest in late October, and the 24 Hours of Daytona endurance race in January. The area where Daytona Beach is today was inhabited by the indigenous Timucuan Indians who lived in fortified villages. The Timucuas were nearly exterminated by contact with Europeans through war, enslavement and disease, the Seminole Indians, descendants of Creek Indians from Georgia and Alabama, frequented the area prior to the Second Seminole War. During the era of British rule of Florida between 1763 and 1783, the Kings Road passed through present-day Daytona Beach, the road extended from St. Augustine, the capital of East Florida, to Andrew Turnbulls experimental colony in New Smyrna. In 1804 Samuel Williams received a grant of 3,000 acres from the Spanish Crown. This land grant encompassed the area that would become Daytona Beach, Williams built a slave-labor-based plantation to grow cotton, rice and sugar cane. His son Samuel Hill Williams would abandon the plantation during the Second Seminole War, the area now known as the Daytona Beach Historical District was once the Orange Grove Plantation, a citrus and sugar cane plantation granted to Samuel Williams in 1787. The plantation was situated on the west bank of the channel known as the Halifax River,12 miles north of Mosquito Inlet. Williams was a British loyalist from North Carolina who fled to the Bahamas with his family until the Spanish reopened Florida to non-Spanish immigration, after his death in 1810, the plantation was run by his family until it was burned down in 1835. In 1871, Mathias Day, Jr. of Mansfield, Ohio and he built a hotel around which the initial section of town arose. In 1872, due to troubles, Day lost title to his land, nonetheless, residents decided to name the city Daytona in his honor. In 1886, the St. Johns & Halifax River Railway arrived in Daytona, the line would be purchased in 1889 by Henry M. Flagler, who made it part of his Florida East Coast Railway
4.
National Collegiate Athletic Association
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The National Collegiate Athletic Association is a non-profit association which regulates athletes of 1,281 institutions, conferences, organizations, and individuals. It also organizes the programs of many colleges and universities in the United States and Canada. The organization is headquartered in Indianapolis, Indiana, in 2014, the NCAA generated almost a billion dollars in revenue. 80 to 90% of this revenue was due to the Division I Mens Basketball Tournament and this revenue is then distributed back into various organizations and institutions across the United States. In August 1973, the current three-division setup of Division I, Division II, under NCAA rules, Division I and Division II schools can offer scholarships to athletes for playing a sport. Division III schools may not offer any athletic scholarships, generally, larger schools compete in Division I and smaller schools in II and III. Division I football was divided into I-A and I-AA in 1978. Subsequently, the term Division I-AAA was briefly added to delineate Division I schools which do not field a football program at all, in 2006, Divisions I-A and I-AA were respectively renamed the Football Bowl Subdivision and Football Championship Subdivision. Inter-collegiate sports began in the US in 1852 when crews from Harvard University, as other sports emerged, notably football and basketball, many of these same concepts and standards were adopted. Football, in particular, began to emerge as a marquee sport, the IAAUS was officially established on March 31,1906, and took its present name, the NCAA, in 1910. For several years, the NCAA was a group and rules-making body, but in 1921, the first NCAA national championship was conducted. Gradually, more rules committees were formed and more championships were created, a series of crises brought the NCAA to a crossroads after World War II. The Sanity Code – adopted to establish guidelines for recruiting and financial aid – failed to curb abuses, postseason football games were multiplying with little control, and member schools were increasingly concerned about how the new medium of television would affect football attendance. The complexity of problems and the growth in membership and championships demonstrated the need for full-time professional leadership. Walter Byers, previously an executive assistant, was named executive director in 1951. Byers wasted no time placing his stamp on the Association, as college athletics grew, the scope of the nations athletics programs diverged, forcing the NCAA to create a structure that recognized varying levels of emphasis. In 1973, the Associations membership was divided into three legislative and competitive divisions – I, II, and III, five years later in 1978, Division I members voted to create subdivisions I-A and I-AA in football. Until the 1980s, the association did not offer womens athletics, instead, the Association for Intercollegiate Athletics for Women, with nearly 1000 member schools, governed womens collegiate sports in the United States
5.
NCAA Division I
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Division I is the highest level of intercollegiate athletics sanctioned by the National Collegiate Athletic Association in the United States. This level was called the University Division of the NCAA, in contrast to the lower level College Division. For football only, Division I was further subdivided in 1978 into Division I-A, Division I-AA, in 2006, Division I-A and I-AA were renamed Football Bowl Subdivision and Football Championship Subdivision, respectively. FCS teams are allowed to award scholarships, a practice technically allowed. FBS teams also have to meet attendance requirements, while FCS teams do not need to meet minimum attendance requirements. Another difference is post season play, starting with the 2014 postseason, a four-team playoff called the College Football Playoff, replaced the previous one game championship format. Even so, Division I FBS football is still the only NCAA sport in which a champion is not determined by an NCAA-sanctioned championship event. All D-I schools must field teams in at least seven sports for men and seven for women or six for men and eight for women, with at least two team sports for each gender. Division I schools must meet minimum financial aid awards for their athletics program, Several other NCAA sanctioned minimums and differences that distinguish Division I from Divisions II and III. Each playing season has to be represented by each gender as well, there are contest and participant minimums for each sport, as well as scheduling criteria. Mens and womens teams have to play all but two games against Division I teams, for men, they must play one-third of all their contests in the home arena. The NCAA has limits on the financial aid each Division I member may award in each sport that the school sponsors. Equivalency sports, in which the NCAA limits the total financial aid that a school can offer in a sport to the equivalent of a set number of full scholarships. Roster limitations may or may not apply, depending on the sport, the term counter is also key to this concept. The NCAA defines a counter as an individual who is receiving financial aid that is countable against the aid limitations in a sport. The number of scholarships that Division I members may award in sport is listed below. In this table, scholarship numbers for head-count sports are indicated without a point, for equivalency sports, they are listed with a decimal point. An exception exists for players at non-scholarship FCS programs who receive aid in another sport, participants in basketball are counted in that sport, unless they also play football
6.
Mid-Eastern Athletic Conference
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The Mid-Eastern Athletic Conference is a collegiate athletic conference whose full members are historically black colleges and universities in the Southeastern and the Mid-Atlantic United States. It participates in the National Collegiate Athletic Associations Division I, and in football, currently, the MEAC has automatic qualifying bids for NCAA postseason play in baseball, men’s basketball, women’s basketball, football, softball, men and women’s tennis, and volleyball. Bowling was officially sanctioned as a MEAC governed sport in 1999, before that season, the MEAC was the first conference to secure NCAA sanctioning for women’s bowling by adopting the club sport prior to the 1996-97 school year. In 1969, a group, whose members were associated with interscholastic athletics, met in Durham. The conference was confirmed in 1970, and had its first season of competition in football in 1971, the MEAC has had to date, three full-time commissioners. In 1978, the MEAC selected its first full-time commissioner, Kenneth A. Free and he was succeeded by Charles S. Harris, who served at the position until 2002. On September 1,2002, Dennis E. Thomas became the conference’s commissioner, the MEAC experienced its first expansion in 1979 when Bethune–Cookman College and Florida A&M University were admitted as new members. That same year, founding members Morgan State University, North Carolina Central University and University of Maryland Eastern Shore withdrew from the conference. All three schools eventually returned to the conference, Maryland Eastern Shore rejoined in 1981, Morgan State in 1984, on June 8,1980, the MEAC was classified as a Division I conference by the National Collegiate Athletic Association. Prior to that year, the league operated as a Division II conference, the following month the MEAC received an automatic qualification to the NCAA Division I Mens Basketball Championship. In 1984, membership in the MEAC again changed as Florida A&M chose to leave, the university would return to the conference two years later. Coppin State College, now Coppin State University, joined the conference in 1985, the MEAC would find stability in membership with the addition of two HBCUs in Virginia, Hampton University and Norfolk State University in 1995 and 1997 respectively. For the next 10 years, the MEAC would remain an 11-member conference, North Carolina Central University rejoined the conference effective July 1,2010. Savannah State originally applied for membership into the MEAC in 2006, membership was then deferred until the completion of the imposed probation period, which ended in May 2009. Savannah State then resubmitted their application for membership again in 2009 and was finally granted probationary membership status, on September 8,2011, the university was confirmed as a full MEAC member. Augusta became the MEACs first associate member and first non-HBCU with any type of membership and they were scheduled to begin full membership and gain access to NCAA tournaments in 2011. Full members Full members Associate members Other Conference Other Conference Maryland Eastern Shore was a member of the MEAC in 1970. In 1980, UMES dropped football, and returned to the MEAC the next year as a member that no longer had a football program
7.
White Hall (Daytona Beach, Florida)
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White Hall is a historic site on the campus of Bethune-Cookman University in Daytona Beach, Florida, United States. It is located at 640 Mary McLeod Bethune Boulevard, on July 15,1992, it was added to the U. S. National Register of Historic Places. White Hall is named after Thomas White, founder of the White Sewing Machine Company, mr. White met Mary McLeod Bethune while vacationing in Florida. He became a trustee of the school and financial supporter, White Hall was built in 1915 with classroom and office spaces. It closed in 2010 for renovations, and it reopened and was rededicated in August 2012, White Hall houses Bethune-Cookman Universitys presidents suite and administrative offices
8.
Mary McLeod Bethune Home
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The Mary McLeod Bethune Home is a historic home in Daytona Beach, Florida. It is located on the Bethune-Cookman University campus and it was designated a United States National Historic Landmark in 1974, for its association with the life of Mary McLeod Bethune, an educator and civil rights leader. The house itself is of no significance and is a simple two-story frame structure of a domestic style common to the 1920s. It closed in 2006 for significant $720,000 renovation and conservation, the house is operated as a museum. A brick structure added to the house serves as an archive of Mary McLeod Bethune papers
9.
National Register of Historic Places
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The National Register of Historic Places is the United States federal governments official list of districts, sites, buildings, structures, and objects deemed worthy of preservation. The passage of the National Historic Preservation Act in 1966 established the National Register, of the more than one million properties on the National Register,80,000 are listed individually. The remainder are contributing resources within historic districts, each year approximately 30,000 properties are added to the National Register as part of districts or by individual listings. For most of its history the National Register has been administered by the National Park Service and its goals are to help property owners and interest groups, such as the National Trust for Historic Preservation, coordinate, identify, and protect historic sites in the United States. While National Register listings are mostly symbolic, their recognition of significance provides some financial incentive to owners of listed properties, protection of the property is not guaranteed. During the nomination process, the property is evaluated in terms of the four criteria for inclusion on the National Register of Historic Places, the application of those criteria has been the subject of criticism by academics of history and preservation, as well as the public and politicians. Occasionally, historic sites outside the proper, but associated with the United States are also listed. Properties can be nominated in a variety of forms, including individual properties, historic districts, the Register categorizes general listings into one of five types of properties, district, site, structure, building, or object. National Register Historic Districts are defined geographical areas consisting of contributing and non-contributing properties, some properties are added automatically to the National Register when they become administered by the National Park Service. These include National Historic Landmarks, National Historic Sites, National Historical Parks, National Military Parks/Battlefields, National Memorials, on October 15,1966, the Historic Preservation Act created the National Register of Historic Places and the corresponding State Historic Preservation Offices. Initially, the National Register consisted of the National Historic Landmarks designated before the Registers creation, approval of the act, which was amended in 1980 and 1992, represented the first time the United States had a broad-based historic preservation policy. To administer the newly created National Register of Historic Places, the National Park Service of the U. S. Department of the Interior, hartzog, Jr. established an administrative division named the Office of Archeology and Historic Preservation. Hartzog charged OAHP with creating the National Register program mandated by the 1966 law, ernest Connally was the Offices first director. Within OAHP new divisions were created to deal with the National Register, the first official Keeper of the Register was William J. Murtagh, an architectural historian. During the Registers earliest years in the late 1960s and early 1970s, organization was lax and SHPOs were small, understaffed, and underfunded. A few years later in 1979, the NPS history programs affiliated with both the U. S. National Parks system and the National Register were categorized formally into two Assistant Directorates. Established were the Assistant Directorate for Archeology and Historic Preservation and the Assistant Directorate for Park Historic Preservation, from 1978 until 1981, the main agency for the National Register was the Heritage Conservation and Recreation Service of the United States Department of the Interior. In February 1983, the two assistant directorates were merged to promote efficiency and recognize the interdependency of their programs, jerry L. Rogers was selected to direct this newly merged associate directorate
10.
Southern Association of Colleges and Schools
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This agency accredits over 13,000 public and private educational institutions ranging from preschool to college level in the Southern United States. Its headquarters are in North Druid Hills, Georgia, near Decatur, there are a number of affiliate organizations within the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools. One affiliate organization is the Southern Association of Community, Junior, the reports include specific public sanctions of schools and statements disclosing why those institutions have been placed on sanction. The Commission on Colleges accredits both public and private institutions of education in the United States, including some community colleges as well as four-year institutions. As a regional accreditor, SACSCOC accreditation extends to all of the programs offered at the accredited institution. The SACSCOC has also accredited the American University in Dubai, SACS CASI accredits over 13,000 primary, middle, and secondary schools, as well as school systems located in the SACS region. In 2006, AdvancED was established with the unification of SACS CASI, NCA CASI, today, SACS CASI acts as an accreditation division of AdvancED. List of recognized accreditation associations of higher learning Official website
11.
Mary McLeod Bethune
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She attracted donations of time and money, and developed the academic school as a college. It later continued to develop as Bethune-Cookman University and she also was appointed as a national adviser to President Franklin D. Roosevelt as part of what was known as his Black Cabinet. She was known as The First Lady of The Struggle because of her commitment to better lives for African Americans. Born in Mayesville, South Carolina, to parents who had been slaves and she took an early interest in becoming educated, with the help of benefactors, Bethune attended college hoping to become a missionary in Africa. She started a school for African-American girls in Daytona Beach, Florida and it later merged with a private institute for African-American boys, and was known as the Bethune-Cookman School. Bethune maintained high standards and promoted the school with tourists and donors and she was president of the college from 1923 to 1942, and 1946 to 1947. She was one of the few women in the world to serve as a president at that time. Bethune was also active in clubs, which were strong civic organizations supporting welfare and other needs. After working on the campaign for Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1932. She advised him on concerns of people and helped share Roosevelts message and achievements with blacks. At the time, blacks had been disenfranchised in the South since the turn of the century. Upon her death, columnist Louis E. Martin said, She gave out faith and hope as if they were pills, McLeod was born in 1875 in a small log cabin near Mayesville, South Carolina, on a rice and cotton farm in Sumter County. She was the fifteenth of seventeen children born to Sam and Patsy McLeod, Most of her siblings had been born into slavery. Her mother worked for her master, and her father farmed cotton near a large house they called The Homestead. Her parents wanted to be independent so had sacrificed to buy a farm for the family, as a child, Mary would accompany her mother to deliver white people’s wash. Allowed to go into the white children’s nursery, Mary became fascinated with their toys, One day she picked up a book and as she opened it, a white child took it away from her, saying she didn’t know how to read. Mary decided then that the difference between white and colored people was the ability to read and write. McLeod attended Mayesvilles one-room black schoolhouse, Trinity Mission School, which was run by the Presbyterian Board of Missions of Freedmen and she was the only child in her family to attend school, so each day, she taught her family what she had learned
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Florida Department of Education
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The Florida Department of Education is the state education agency of Florida. It governs public education and manages funding and testing for local educational agencies and it is headquartered in the Turlington Building in Tallahassee. The Florida Commissioner of Education manages the operation of the department. The office of Education Commissioner was originally a Cabinet-level position filled by direct election, the 2002 Florida Constitution Revision Commission submitted a revision to the Florida Constitution, amending Article IV, Section IV to reduce the Cabinet from six elected officials to three. The revised constitution created a new Florida Board of Education with seven members. The department manages the Florida Information Resource Network, which provides Internet access to public schools, the State of Florida requires students to take the Florida Standards Assessments each year in grades 3-10. Students results from the FSA are compiled to generate a grade for public school under former Governor Jeb Bushs A+ Plan. The higher a public school scores, the funding it receives. Students in third grade are required to pass the English/language arts portion of the test in order to be promoted to the fourth grade. Students in Florida must also pass the tenth grade FSA in English/language arts, the department paid bonuses to teachers certified by the federal government. Up until 2010, the bonus was as much as $3,800 annually and this is expected to diminish with diminished income to the state. Thurston Chase Henry Quarles Rev. Charles Beecher Jonathan C. Gibbs Samuel B
13.
Betsy DeVos
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Elisabeth Dee Betsy DeVos /dəˈvɒs/ is an American businesswoman, philanthropist, politician, and activist who is the 11th and current United States Secretary of Education. DeVos is a member of the Republican Party known for her advocacy of school choice, school voucher programs, and charter schools. She was Republican National Committeewoman for Michigan from 1992 to 1997 and served as chairwoman of the Michigan Republican Party from 1996 to 2000, DeVos has been an advocate of the Detroit charter school system and she is a member of the board of the Foundation for Excellence in Education. She has served as chairwoman of the board of the Alliance for School Choice, DeVos is married to Dick DeVos, the former CEO of multi-level marketing company Amway, and is the daughter-in-law of billionaire and Amway co-founder Richard DeVos. Her brother, Erik Prince, a former U. S. Navy SEAL officer, is the founder of Blackwater USA, DeVos is the daughter of Edgar Prince, founder of the Prince Corporation. On November 23,2016, then President-elect Donald Trump announced that he would nominate DeVos to serve as Secretary of Education in his administration. On February 7,2017, DeVos was confirmed by the Senate by a 51–50 margin, DeVos was born Elisabeth Prince on January 8,1958. She grew up in Holland, Michigan, the daughter of Elsa Prince and Edgar Prince, Edgar was the founder of Prince Corporation, an automobile parts supplier based in Holland, Michigan. DeVos was educated at the Holland Christian High School, a school located in her home town of Holland. She graduated from Calvin College in Grand Rapids, Michigan, where she earned a Bachelor of Arts degree, DeVos grew up as a member of the Christian Reformed Church in North America. She has been a member and elder of Mars Hill Bible Church in Grand Rapids, the DeVos family is one of Michigans wealthiest. Betsy DeVoss husband, Richard Marvin Dick DeVos Jr. is a heir to the Amway fortune who ran Amways parent company, Alticor. Dick DeVos is a donor to conservative political campaigns and social causes. Dicks father, Richard Marvin DeVos Sr. co-founded Amway and is also the owner of the Orlando Magic NBA basketball team, Richard DeVos was listed by Forbes in 2016 as having a net worth of $5.1 billion, making him Americas 88th wealthiest individual. Betsy DeVoss brother, Erik Prince, a former U. S. Navy SEAL officer, is the founder of Blackwater USA, Betsy and Dick DeVos have four grown children, two daughters and two sons, Rick, Elissa, Andrea, and Ryan. Rick works for the Windquest Group as a consultant on urban development, since 1982, DeVos has participated in the Michigan Republican Party. She served as a local precinct delegate for the Michigan Republican Party and she was a Republican National Committeewoman for Michigan between 1992 and 1997, and served as chairwoman of the Michigan Republican Party from 1996 to 2000. DeVos resigned the position in 2000 and she said in 2000, It is clear I have never been a rubber stamp
14.
UNCF
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The UNCF was incorporated on April 25,1944 by Frederick D. Patterson, Mary McLeod Bethune, and others. The UNCF is headquartered at 1805 7th Street, NW in Washington, in 2005, the UNCF supported approximately 65,000 students at over 900 colleges and universities with approximately $113 million in grants and scholarships. About 60% of these students are the first in their families to attend college, UNCF also administers over 450 named scholarships. The UNCFs president and chief officer is Michael Lomax. Past presidents of the UNCF included William H. Gray and Vernon Jordan and it provides scholarships to students attending its member colleges as well as to those going elsewhere. Graduates of UNCF scholarships have included blacks in the fields of business, politics, health care. The UNCF has received donations for its scholarship programs. One of the more high-profile donations made was by then-senator and future U. S. President John F. Kennedy who donated the money from the Pulitzer Prize for his book Profiles in Courage to the Fund. The largest ever single donation was made in 1990 by Walter Annenberg, beginning in 1980, singer Lou Rawls began the Lou Rawls Parade of Stars telethon to benefit the UNCF. The telethon featured comedy and musical performances from artists in support of the UNCFs. The event has raised over $200 million in 27 shows for the fund through 2006, in January 2004, Rawls was honored by the United Negro College Fund for his more than 25 years of charity work with the organization. Instead of Rawls hosting and performing, he was given the seat of honor and celebrated by his colleagues, including Stevie Wonder, The OJays, Gerald Levert, Ashanti. In addition to the telethon, there are a number of fundraising activities, including the Walk for Education held annually in Los Angeles, California. In Houston, Texas, the Cypresswood Golf Club hosts a golf tournament in April. In 2014, Koch Industries Inc. and the Charles Koch Foundation made a $25 million grant to UNCF. In protest of the Kochs, the American Federation of State, County and Municipal Employees, in 1972, the UNCF adopted as its motto the maxim A mind is a terrible thing to waste. This maxim has become one of the most widely recognized slogans in advertising history, the motto, which has been used in numerous award-winning UNCF ad campaigns, was created by Forest Long, of the advertising agency Young & Rubicam, in partnership with the Ad Council. A lesser-known slogan the UNCF also uses, in reference to its beneficiaries, points out about them, not asking for a handout
15.
United Methodist Church
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The United Methodist Church is a mainline Protestant denomination, and a major part of Methodism. In the 19th century, its main predecessor—the Methodist Church—was a leader in Evangelicalism and it was founded in 1968 in Dallas, Texas, United States, by union of the Methodist Church and the Evangelical United Brethren Church. The UMC traces its roots back to the movement of John. As such, the theological orientation is decidedly Wesleyan. It embraces both liturgical and evangelical elements and it has a connectional polity, a typical feature of a number of Methodist denominations. The United Methodist Church, with at least 12 million members as of 2014, is the largest denomination within the wider Methodist movement of approximately 80 million people across the world. In the United States, the UMC ranks as the largest mainline Protestant denomination, the largest Protestant church after the Southern Baptist Convention, and the third largest Christian denomination. In 2014, its membership was distributed as follows,7.2 million in the United States. It is a member of the World Council of Churches, the World Methodist Council, the movement which would become The United Methodist Church began in the mid-18th century within the Church of England. A small group of students, including John Wesley, Charles Wesley and George Whitefield and they focused on Bible study, methodical study of scripture and living a holy life. Other students mocked them, saying they were the Holy Club, eventually, the so-called Methodists started individual societies or classes for members of the Church of England who wanted to live a more religious life. In 1735, John and Charles Wesley went to America, hoping to teach the gospel to the American Indians in the colony of Georgia, instead, John became vicar of the church in Savannah. His preaching was very legalistic and full of rules. After two years in America, he returned to England dejected and confused, Peter believed a person is saved solely through the grace of God and not by works, and John had many conversations with Peter about this topic. On May 25,1738, after listening to a reading of Martin Luthers preface to Romans, John finally understood that his works could not save him. For the first time in his life, he felt complete peace, in less than two years, the Holy Club disbanded. John Wesley met with a group of clergy, the ministers retained their membership in the Church of England. Though not always emphasized or appreciated in the Anglican churches of their day, their teaching emphasized salvation by Gods grace, three teachings they saw as the foundation of Christian faith were, People are all by nature dead in sin and consequently, children of wrath
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Florida Classic
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The Florida Blue Florida Classic is the annual college football game between the Wildcats of Bethune–Cookman University and the Rattlers of Florida A&M University. The game is televised nationally by ESPNU as a part of a contract with the Mid-Eastern Athletic Conference. For the last two games the game has been televised by ESPN Classic, the classic has approximately a $31 million impact on Orlandos economy and is annually the largest MEAC conference football game The game is held at Camping World Stadium in Orlando. Previous games were at the Daytona International Speedway in Daytona Beach, the Florida Classic has now drawn in excess of 1.8 million fans since 1978. Since 1997, a total of 1,115,783 fans have watched the Florida Classic in the Orlando Citrus Bowl Stadium, by comparison, the total attendance for the 18 years prior to Orlando was 765,529, an average of only 45,031. Between Orlando and Tampa, the Classic has drawn 1,801,587 fans, the record for attendance at the game is 73,358, set in Orlando in 2003. Florida A&M won the first Florida Classic game in 1978, 27-17, the team went on to win the inaugural NCAA Division I-AA championship. Florida A&M holds an 18-10 edge in the meetings since the instate rivalry moved from a scenario to an annual neutral site game in Tampa Stadium in 1978. Bethune–Cookman won the rivalry game, 31-27 in 1985. In 1998,66,245 packed the Florida Citrus Bowl Stadium for the game which determined the 1998 MEAC Championship, in 1999, the game drew 70,125 fans to Orlando, the sixth-largest football event ever held in the Orlando Citrus Bowl Stadium. The 2000 MEAC title game drew 70,719 to see a 31-28 thriller won by the Rattlers, the 2003 game stands as the largest crowd ever in the series -73,358. In 2005, the game made its debut on ESPNU, the 24-hour college sports network, marching bands from both universities compete during the Florida Classic halftime show and at various events during the weekend. In a 2006 article, Orlando Weekly Magazine said, at most college games, halftime is for beer runs. At the, halftime is the reason to go, over the years fans have agreed with these types descriptions of the games halftime show. Prior to the MEACs contract with ESPN to broadcast the game, in fact, in the 2002 Florida Classic halftime, both bands performed shows that were almost 45 minutes long, nearly tripling the halftimes allotment of only 30 minutes based on NCAA rules. The rivalry between the two programs is evident in phrases used by the bands announcers. The marching bands appeal is used to attract fans to other events during the Florida Classic weekend. On Fridays, both bands perform after high school bands during the annual Florida Blue Battle of the Bands at Amway Center, prior to 2007 while Walt Disney World was still a sponsor, both bands performed annually at a parade at one of the Walt Disney World parks
17.
Atlanta, Georgia
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Atlanta is the capital of and the most populous city in the U. S. state of Georgia, with an estimated 2015 population of 463,878. Atlanta is the cultural and economic center of the Atlanta metropolitan area, home to 5,710,795 people, Atlanta is the county seat of Fulton County, and a small portion of the city extends eastward into DeKalb County. In 1837, Atlanta was founded at the intersection of two lines, and the city rose from the ashes of the American Civil War to become a national center of commerce. Atlantas economy is considered diverse, with dominant sectors that include logistics, professional and business services, media operations, Atlanta has topographic features that include rolling hills and dense tree coverage. Revitalization of Atlantas neighborhoods, initially spurred by the 1996 Olympics in Atlanta, has intensified in the 21st century, altering the demographics, politics. Prior to the arrival of European settlers in north Georgia, Creek Indians inhabited the area, standing Peachtree, a Creek village located where Peachtree Creek flows into the Chattahoochee River, was the closest Indian settlement to what is now Atlanta. As part of the removal of Native Americans from northern Georgia from 1802 to 1825, the Creek ceded the area in 1821. In 1836, the Georgia General Assembly voted to build the Western, the initial route was to run southward from Chattanooga to a terminus east of the Chattahoochee River, which would then be linked to Savannah. After engineers surveyed various possible locations for the terminus, the zero milepost was driven into the ground in what is now Five Points. A year later, the area around the milepost had developed into a settlement, first known as Terminus, and later as Thrasherville after a merchant who built homes. By 1842, the town had six buildings and 30 residents and was renamed Marthasville to honor the Governors daughter, later, J. Edgar Thomson, Chief Engineer of the Georgia Railroad, suggested the town be renamed Atlantica-Pacifica, which was shortened to Atlanta. The residents approved, and the town was incorporated as Atlanta on December 29,1847, by 1860, Atlantas population had grown to 9,554. During the American Civil War, the nexus of multiple railroads in Atlanta made the city a hub for the distribution of military supplies, in 1864, the Union Army moved southward following the capture of Chattanooga and began its invasion of north Georgia. On the next day, Mayor James Calhoun surrendered Atlanta to the Union Army, on November 11,1864, Sherman prepared for the Union Armys March to the Sea by ordering Atlanta to be burned to the ground, sparing only the citys churches and hospitals. After the Civil War ended in 1865, Atlanta was gradually rebuilt, due to the citys superior rail transportation network, the state capital was moved from Milledgeville to Atlanta in 1868. In the 1880 Census, Atlanta surpassed Savannah as Georgias largest city, by 1885, the founding of the Georgia School of Technology and the citys black colleges had established Atlanta as a center for higher education. In 1895, Atlanta hosted the Cotton States and International Exposition, during the first decades of the 20th century, Atlanta experienced a period of unprecedented growth. In three decades time, Atlantas population tripled as the city expanded to include nearby streetcar suburbs
18.
Drumline (film)
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Drumline is a 2002 American musical comedy-drama film directed by Charles Stone III. The story is about a drummer from New York, played by Nick Cannon. Leonard Roberts, Zoe Saldana, and Orlando Jones co-star, the film received generally positive reviews, with most critics praising the energy of the film, as well as the musical talents of the bands. It was a modest box office success, earning over $56 million in the U. S. a television sequel, Drumline, A New Beat premiered on VH1 on October 27,2014. The film centers on Devon Miles, a teen who has just graduated from a school in New York City. Upon graduating, Devon heads to Atlanta, Georgia to attend the fictitious Atlanta A&T University, Devon was personally invited to attend on full scholarship by Dr. James Lee, head of the band, for his prodigious talents. The band has a preseason that is similar to an athletic teams induction in that it is physically and mentally difficult. It challenges all recruits to push themselves past what they thought were their limits. At the end of preseason, the audition for spots on the field, and Devon is the only freshman to make P1. While going through his rigorous process, Devon also finds time to romance an upperclassman dancer, College life starts well for Devon, as he has the girl and a spot on the field. Things begin to turn sour when Sean, Devons percussion leader, Sean later challenges Devon to take a solo in his first game, believing the freshman will panic and be embarrassed in front of everyone. He is shocked when Devon takes the solo and is subsequently humiliated and this sets up some tension in the drumline which is exacerbated when Dr. Lee is told by President Wagner, the schools president, to change his focus from music to entertainment or lose his funding. Lee does not want to give Devon more playing time because he feels Devons attitude, the situation further deteriorates when it is revealed that Devon cannot read music. Devon is demoted to P4 by Dr. Lee until he learns, Devon is finally kicked out of the band by Dr. Lee. The fight also harms his relationship with Laila as she is embarrassed to introduce him to her parents, acting as if he is not bothered by Dr. Lee exiling him, Devon contacts A&Ts rival school Morris Brown College, to discuss playing for their marching band next season. Mr. Wade, Browns band leader, says that Devon does not need to know how to read music and will likely get a full scholarship and a good position on the drumline. When Wade wants to know what Dr. Lee is planning for the BET Big Southern Classic, Devon realizes that his heart and he rejects the scholarship offer from the rival band and returns to A&T. Though Devon is still not playing for the band, he give up his drumming
19.
The Daytona Beach News-Journal
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The Daytona Beach News-Journal is a Florida daily newspaper serving Volusia and Flagler counties. It grew from the Halifax Journal which was started in 1883, the Davidson family purchased the newspaper in 1928 and retained control until bankruptcy in 2009. In 1986, The Morning Journal and Evening News merged into one morning newspaper, the newspaper began its online services in 1994. Daytonas early settlers decided that a newspaper would be important for the development of the town, a group of citizens raised money to persuade Florian A. Mann to move his printing press from Ohio to Daytona and start a new publication. Prior to publication of the first issue,86 subscribers were signed up, advertisers also paid in advance for the first three months. This delayed publication of the first issue until Mann decided to buy a bolt of cloth from Laurence Thompsons dry goods store to use as a substitute. The first issue of the Halifax Journal was printed and published on the cotton cloth, the premier issue contained local news, as well as Manns editorial of praise and hope for the Halifax area. The Halifax Journal continued as a weekly publication until Mann sold the newspaper in 1889 to J. M. Jolley, in 1908, Jolley died and the newspaper was bought by Galen Seaman. After Seamans death, the paper was bought by W. C. Carter of the Halifax Printing Company, after selling the Halifax Journal, Mann moved to Ormond and started the Ormond Gazette. He later sold this paper to L. Moreton Murray and returned to Daytona, thomas E. Fitzgerald bought the Daytona News in 1900 and the Ormond Gazette in 1903. Fitzgerald consolidated the two papers and on December 1,1903, published the first issue of The Daytona Daily News, hugh Sparkman started a stock company which bought the Halifax Journal and turned it into a daily publication. In 1926, the company bought The Daytona Daily News from Fitzgerald. The stock company ceased publication of The Morning Journal, but continued The Evening News, in 1928, Julius Davidson and his son, Herbert M. Davidson, purchased a majority interest in the company, beginning an 80-year period of single family control of the publication. Soon after, the minority owner sold his interest to R. H. Gore, the minority shares were later sold to Perry Publications, the owner of The Palm Beach Post. In 1969, The Palm Beach Post was purchased by Cox Enterprises, Cox acquired Perrys 47. 5% interest in the News-Journal, assigned a value of $5 million, as part of the transaction. The Davidson family continued to hold a 52. 5% majority of the stock, Cox was not represented on the board of directors and had no say in corporate decisions. Cox Enterprises filed suit against the News-Journal Corp. in U. S. Federal Court, Cox alleged that the Davidson family spent the newspapers money without consulting with them. Despite the fact that these employees did no work for NJC, the trial court found that tens of millions of dollars were diverted to Davidson family projects to indulge personal interests in the arts
20.
Howard University
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Howard University is a federally chartered, private, coeducational, nonsectarian, historically black university in Washington, D. C. It is classified by the Carnegie Foundation as a university with high research activity and is accredited by the Middle States Commission on Higher Education. From its outset it has been nonsectarian and open to people of both genders and all races, Howard is classified as a Tier 1 national university and ranks second among HBCUs by U. S. News & World Report. Howard is the only HBCU ranked in the top 75 on the 2015 Bloomberg Businessweek college rankings, the Princeton Review ranked the school of business #1 in opportunities for minority students and in the top five for most competitive students. The National Law Journal ranked the law school among the top 25 in the nation for placing graduates at the best law firms, Howard has produced four Rhodes Scholars between 1986 and 2017. Between 1998 and 2009, Howard University produced a Marshall Scholar, in 2011, the Huffington Post named Howard the second best-dressed college in the nation. Howard is the most comprehensive HBCU in the nation and produces the most black doctorate recipients of any university, within a few weeks, the project expanded to include a provision for establishing a university. Within two years, the University consisted of the Colleges of Liberal Arts and Medicine, the new institution was named for General Oliver Otis Howard, a Civil War hero, who was both the founder of the University and, at the time, Commissioner of the Freedmens Bureau. Howard later served as President of the university from 1869–74, U. S. Congress chartered Howard on March 2,1867, and much of its early funding came from endowment, private benefaction, and tuition. An annual congressional appropriation administered by the U. S. Department of Education funds Howard University, many improvements were made on campus. Howard Hall was renovated and made a dormitory for women, J. Stanley Durkee, Howards last white president, was appointed in 1918. The Great Depression years of the 1930s brought hardship to campus, despite appeals from Eleanor Roosevelt, Howard saw its budget cut below Hoover administration levels during the Presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt. Howard University has played an important role in American history and the Civil Rights Movement on a number of occasions, alain Locke, Chair of the Department of Philosophy and first African American Rhodes Scholar, authored The New Negro, which helped to usher in the Harlem Renaissance. Ralph Bunche, the first Nobel Peace Prize winner of African descent, beginning in 1942, Howard University students pioneered the stool-sitting technique, which was to play a prominent role in the later civil rights movement. By January,1943, students had begun to organize regular sit-ins and pickets at cigar stores and cafeterias around Washington and these protests continued until the administration asked the students to stop in the Fall of 1944. Historian Rayford Logan served as chair of the Department of History, E. Franklin Frazier served as chair of the Department of Sociology. Sterling Allen Brown served as chair of the Department of English, at the time, the Voting Rights bill was still pending in the House of Representatives. In 1975 the historic Freedmans Hospital closed after 112 years of use as Howard University College of Medicines primary teaching hospital, Howard University Hospital opened that same year and continues to be used as Howard University College of Medicines primary teaching hospital with service to the surrounding community
21.
JSTOR
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JSTOR is a digital library founded in 1995. Originally containing digitized back issues of journals, it now also includes books and primary sources. It provides full-text searches of almost 2,000 journals, more than 8,000 institutions in more than 160 countries have access to JSTOR, most access is by subscription, but some older public domain content is freely available to anyone. William G. Bowen, president of Princeton University from 1972 to 1988, JSTOR originally was conceived as a solution to one of the problems faced by libraries, especially research and university libraries, due to the increasing number of academic journals in existence. Most libraries found it prohibitively expensive in terms of cost and space to maintain a collection of journals. By digitizing many journal titles, JSTOR allowed libraries to outsource the storage of journals with the confidence that they would remain available long-term, online access and full-text search ability improved access dramatically. Bowen initially considered using CD-ROMs for distribution, JSTOR was initiated in 1995 at seven different library sites, and originally encompassed ten economics and history journals. JSTOR access improved based on feedback from its sites. Special software was put in place to make pictures and graphs clear, with the success of this limited project, Bowen and Kevin Guthrie, then-president of JSTOR, wanted to expand the number of participating journals. They met with representatives of the Royal Society of London and an agreement was made to digitize the Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society dating from its beginning in 1665, the work of adding these volumes to JSTOR was completed by December 2000. The Andrew W. Mellon Foundation funded JSTOR initially, until January 2009 JSTOR operated as an independent, self-sustaining nonprofit organization with offices in New York City and in Ann Arbor, Michigan. JSTOR content is provided by more than 900 publishers, the database contains more than 1,900 journal titles, in more than 50 disciplines. Each object is identified by an integer value, starting at 1. In addition to the site, the JSTOR labs group operates an open service that allows access to the contents of the archives for the purposes of corpus analysis at its Data for Research service. This site offers a facility with graphical indication of the article coverage. Users may create focused sets of articles and then request a dataset containing word and n-gram frequencies and they are notified when the dataset is ready and may download it in either XML or CSV formats. The service does not offer full-text, although academics may request that from JSTOR, JSTOR Plant Science is available in addition to the main site. The materials on JSTOR Plant Science are contributed through the Global Plants Initiative and are only to JSTOR
22.
The Atlanta Journal-Constitution
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The Atlanta Journal-Constitution is the only major daily newspaper in the metropolitan area of Atlanta, Georgia, United States. It is the publication of Cox Enterprises. The Atlanta Journal-Constitution is the result of the merger between The Atlanta Journal and The Atlanta Constitution, the staff was combined in 1982. Separate publication of the morning Constitution and afternoon Journal ended in 2001, the AJC has its headquarters in the Atlanta suburb of Dunwoody, Georgia. It is also co-owned with television flagship WSB-TV and six radio stations, subsequent to the staff consolidation of 1982, the afternoon Journal maintained a conservative editorial stance, while the editorials and op-eds in the morning Constitution were center-left. When the editions combined in 2001, the editorial page staffs also merged, the editorials and op-eds have attempted to strike a more balanced tone. Most of the editorial stances have been closer to those of the old Constitution center-left viewpoint. The Atlanta Journal was established in 1883, founder E. F. Hoge sold the paper to Atlanta lawyer Hoke Smith in 1887. After the Journal supported Presidential candidate Grover Cleveland in the 1892 election, Pulitzer Prize-winning novelist Margaret Mitchell worked for the Journal from 1922 to 1926. In 1922, the Journal founded the Souths first radio station, the radio station and the newspaper were sold in 1939 to James Middleton Cox, founder of what would become Cox Enterprises. The Journal carried the motto Covers Dixie like the Dew, the Constitution, as it was originally known, was first published on June 16,1868. Its name changed to The Atlanta Constitution in October 1869 and it was such a force that by 1871 it had killed off the Daily Intelligencer, the only Atlanta paper to survive the American Civil War. In August 1875 its name changed to The Atlanta Daily Constitution for two weeks, then to The Constitution again for about a year, in 1876 Captain Evan Howell purchased a controlling interest from E. Y. Clarke Sr. and became its editor-in-chief. That same year, Joel Chandler Harris began writing for the paper and he soon invented the character of Uncle Remus, a black storyteller, as a way of recounting stories from African-American culture. In October 1876 the newspaper became The Daily Constitution, before settling on the name The Atlanta Constitution in September 1881, during the 1880s, editor Henry W. Grady was a spokesman for the New South, and encouraged industrial development. The Constitution started the radio station, WGM AM710, having received its Federal Radio Commission broadcast license in March 1922. It is now succeeded by WGST AM640, though its original facility is now WGKA AM920, the station folded after just over a year, and was donated to the Georgia School of Technology. Ralph McGill, editor for the Constitution in the 1940s, was one of the few southern newspaper editors to support the American Civil Rights Movement, in 1946, reporter David Snell wrote that Japan had developed its own atomic bomb prior to Hiroshima and Nagasaki
23.
Adventist University of Health Sciences
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Adventist University of Health Sciences, formerly Florida Hospital College of Health Sciences, is located in Orlando, Florida, United States. It is a Seventh-day Adventist institution which specializes in allied health, the college is associated with Florida Hospital, and Adventist Health System which is operated by the Seventh-day Adventist Church. It is a part of the Seventh-day Adventist education system, the second largest Christian school system. The university is accredited through the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools as well as specific accreditation or licensing bodies for specific programs, Florida Hospital began its nursing program in 1913 when Southern Missionary College in Collegedale, Tennessee would send its pre-nursing students to Orlando for clinical experience. The Associate Degree in Nursing program began in 1983, other allied health programs were started and the four programs – nursing, practical nursing, radiography and sonography – were consolidated to form the Florida Hospital College of Health Sciences. In 1998, the became a baccalaureate-granting institution. In August 2012, it was renamed the Adventist University of Health Sciences, with the addition of graduate programs over the previous four years
24.
Ave Maria University
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Ave Maria University is a private Catholic university in Southwest Florida, United States, founded in 2003. The university moved to its permanent campus, situated in the town of Ave Maria,17 miles east of Naples, Florida. Ave Maria University shares its history with the former Ave Maria College in Ypsilanti, Michigan, tom Monaghan, Ave Marias founder, was the founder of Dominos Pizza. In 2007, Monaghan drew criticism from Catholics both inside and outside the university when he removed theologian Joseph Fessio as provost, the current enrollment of Ave Maria University is 1,072 students, with 1,019 undergraduate students and 53 graduate students on its campus. The university had a campus in Nicaragua called the Ave Maria University-Latin American Campus. Ave Maria ran the Nicaraguan campus for 13 years, Ave Maria University fields athletic teams known as the Gyrenes. It is a member of the National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics, academically, the university is rated in Tier 2 by U. S. News & World Report, below 178 other liberal arts colleges in the US. It is included in The Newman Guide to Choosing a Catholic College, in 2015, College Factual ranked Ave Maria University as a Top 10 college in the state of Florida. In December 2015, The Southern Association of Colleges and Schools renewed Ave Maria Universitys accreditation, Monaghans goal was to create a Roman Catholic university faithful to the magisterium of the Catholic Church. The Ann Arbor campus also included plans for 25-story crucifix, a size about half the height of the Washington Monument, after being denied zoning approval by Ann Arbor Township to build a larger campus near Dominos Farms, Monaghan decided to move the college to Florida. While occupying an interim campus in Naples, Florida, he focused efforts on constructing a new campus and planned community known as Ave Maria. While the infrastructure of the new campus and town were being completed in early 2007, Monaghan planned to move most of the staff transferred to the Florida location. The Michigan location remained open until students graduated or transferred, leaving just three students for the year and a number of the remaining staff. After failing to secure the rights in Ann Arbor, Monaghan initiated the founding of Ave Maria University with a donation of $250 million. The Barron Collier family donated the land in southwest Florida for the campus, in August 2003, the University opened an interim campus in The Vineyards in Naples, Florida, enrolling some 100 undergraduate students,75 of whom were freshmen. The university moved from the facility to the new campus in 2007. In its first year at the new campus the university enrolled about 450 undergraduates and 150 graduate students, Bishop Frank Dewane, the local Catholic ordinary, formally dedicated the university in 2008. Monaghan expects to continue expanding the university and hopes to one day have an enrollment over 5,000, Division I athletics and he also assumed the role of CEO, in the place of Monaghan, who remains the Chancellor
25.
Barry University
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Barry University is a private, Catholic university that was founded in 1940 by the Adrian Dominican Sisters. Located in Miami Shores, Florida, United States, a north of Downtown Miami. Consisting of six schools and two colleges, Barry University has more than 7,000 students, a campus of 54 buildings, student to faculty ratio is 12,1. Barry College was founded as a college by a pair of siblings, Rev. Patrick Barry, Bishop of St. Augustine. Mother Mary Gerald Barry, OP, then prioress of the Adrian Dominican Sisters, the construction of what was then the Barry College for Women began in 1940, in what had previously been a tract of tropical vegetation. The empty lot was transformed into the main campus, in Miami Shores. The original campus consisted of five buildings, mother Barry served as president from 1940-1961. Barry College became Barry University on November 13,1981, Barry University continues to be sponsored by the Dominican Sisters of Adrian, Michigan. It is an independent 501 organization and has an independent Board of Trustees, the motherhouse of the sisters is in Adrian, Michigan. The Cor Jesu Chapel is intended to be the spiritual and physical heart of the campus and it was financed with the aid of Margaret Brady Farrell, a parishioner of St. Patricks Church in Miami Beach. Soon after discovering that the construction of the Cor Jesu was postponed due to insufficient funds, in her honor, the Division of Business and Finance building was dedicated as Farrell House. The chapel is topped by an 80-foot tower holding carillon chimes, traces of Romanesque architecture can be seen in the inside of the chapel which was built in choir style with wood wainscoting and a canopy over the altar. A stained-glass window of amber color, containing the image of a Celtic cross, is visible from the entrance of the campus. Barry Universitys main campus is in Miami Shores, Florida, while the main campus is in Miami Shores, Barry University offers several continuing adult education classes at other locations in Florida. Barry University has a campus in Orlando containing the Dwayne O. Andreas School of Law, Barry University also has a campus on the island of St. Croix, where a third branch of its Physician Assistant Program is located. There are more than 40 buildings at the Miami Shores campus and these contain technology laboratories and indoor and outdoor sporting facilities. The library also contains a collection of documents pertaining to Operation Pedro Pan, in 1999, the Barry University School of Law was established in Orlando, Florida. Barry Universitys law school is named the Dwayne O. Andreas School of Law, Barry University offers more than 60 traditional undergraduate programs, accelerated bachelors programs designed specifically for working adults, and more than 50 graduate programs in 9 schools
26.
Clearwater Christian College
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Clearwater Christian College was a non-denominational Christian college in Clearwater, Florida on Tampa Bay. There were Greek letter organizations, student government, intramural sports, fine arts groups, yearbook, political club, a student newspaper, the CCC intercollegiate athletics teams, known as the Cougars, were very successful in the National Christian College Athletic Association Division II. The womens volleyball team won national titles, including seven in a row during 2006-2012. The mens soccer team also won national titles in 2009 and 2010. The womens soccer won the 2012 national title. Student rooms were inspected weekly for cleanliness, and a white glove inspection was performed once a semester, the college used a relational approach to discipline in order to facilitate a spirit of growth and restoration whenever possible. CCC was known as a Christ-centered liberal arts college with an education curriculum in the arts. Education majors earned Florida state certification, the interdisciplinary studies major was available for students who wished to focus on two academic disciplines without having to assume the coursework of a double major. Clearwater Christian College had an agreement with the nearby University of South Florida to offer its students ROTC programs in Army, Navy, Air Force, Clearwater encouraged its students to participate in study abroad and missions trips. As a faith-based institution committed to serving God, CCC sponsored missions trips to international locations, faculty, staff, and students ministered across the globe in Argentina, Brazil, China, Jamaica, Mexico, the Philippines, South Africa, Turkey, and Thailand. The colleges doctrinal statement focused on the fundamentals of Protestant Christianity. Students were required to attend Sunday services, chapel services, small group, student-led devotional times occurred twice a week for prayer and peer edification, for all resident students. The school would emphasize doctrine and personal soul-winning, and was a reaction against the movement, new evangelicalism. Steele found Clearwater, Florida to be a place to found a college. He soon acquired 50 acres waterfront at the entrance of Clearwater. On September 17,1966, the college opened with 15 students enrolled. In January,1987, the Board of Directors named Dr. George D. Youstra to succeed Dr. Steele as president, in the following years, enrollment tripled, new buildings were added,89 additional acres of property were acquired, and new programs were offered. In May 2002, Dr. Richard A. Stratton assumed the presidency, on May 7,2012, Dr. John F. Klem became the fifth president of Clearwater Christian College
27.
Eckerd College
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Eckerd College is a private four-year coeducational liberal arts college at the southernmost tip of St. Petersburg, Florida, in the Tampa Bay metropolitan area. The college is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools, Eckerd College has a suburban 188-acre campus on Frenchmans Creek and Boca Ciega Bay, about 3 miles from Gulf of Mexico beaches. The campus is near, but separate from, residential and commercial neighborhoods of St. Petersburg, the college is committed to a more environmentally friendly and sustainable campus, supported by such initiatives as its Yellow Bike program. The college has several styles, but a common feature is the use of glass. Recent campus additions include the Peter H. Armacost Library, Iota residential housing complex, sports facilities, a student center. The just-finished Iota housing complex was constructed to be ecologically friendly, the James Center For Molecular and Life Sciences, a 51, 000-square-foot, US$25 million laboratory facility, opened in February 2013. In Summer 2015, the college will break ground on a $15 million arts building, bringing together visual and digital arts disciplines currently found across several buildings, the construction of the Sailing Cove is already underway on the Western end of the campus beach. Both projects will incorporate green initiatives and feature natural landscaping to accent the facilities, admission Profile Class of 2014Applications,3, 246Accepted,2,325 Average GPA,3. 3/4. Degree programs in 39 fields are available, along with opportunities for student-designed majors, from its founding, the college has encouraged responsible innovation in all of its academic programs. For example, Eckerd College originated the 4-1-4 academic calendar, with the 1 representing the Winter Term during the month of January, before graduation, students in nearly all majors are required to either pass a senior-year comprehensive examination or to complete a senior thesis project. All students must complete a senior course in their final year. Since Eckerd faculty are encouraged to be, and many are, active scholars, one such long-running research effort is D. A. R. W. I. N. A computer science project to automate dolphin dorsal fin recognition, another is the Eckerd College Dolphin Project, the longest running undergraduate-centered dolphin research program in the world. A United States Geological Survey center in St. Petersburg provides further research opportunities, Eckerd College graduates have received prestigious awards for advanced study through the Rhodes Scholarship, Marshall, NOAA Hollings, Fulbright, Rotary, and National Science Foundation programs. Eckerd students have won more NOAA Hollings Scholarships than students at any other school, phi Beta Kappa and Sigma Xi are among the nationally recognized academic societies at Eckerd College. Eckerds Ethics Bowl teams have captured awards in intercollegiate competition. Supporting the academic program is the Peter H. Armacost library, the 55,000 sq ft two-story library is conveniently located near the colleges student center and dormitories. It houses book and periodical collections and features seating for about 400, including seventeen group-study rooms, both high-speed cable and wireless connectivity are available throughout the library
28.
Edward Waters College
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Edward Waters College is a private college located in Jacksonville, Florida. It was founded in 1866 to educate freed slaves and is the oldest historically black college in Florida. It is affiliated with the African Methodist Episcopal Church, and is part of the Independent Colleges and Universities of Florida and its current president is Nat Glover, the former Sheriff of Jacksonville. The first African Methodist Episcopal pastor in the state, William G. Steward, charles H. Pearce was also involved in establishing an educational institution for the church. The school went through financial difficulties and closed for much of the 1870s. It reopened in 1883 as East Florida Conference High School”, then changed to “East Florida Scientific, over the next ten years, the curriculum was expanded and the school was renamed for the third bishop of the AME Church, Edward Waters. The original Edward Waters College campus was destroyed by the Great Fire of 1901, Edward Waters was accredited as a junior college in 1955 under President William B. Stewart and five years later had a restored four-year curriculum. Beginning in 1979 the school was accredited as an institution by the Commission on Colleges of the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools. In 2004, Edward Waters College submitted documents to SACS to support their request for reaccreditation, a Florida Times-Union investigation in October discovered that the EWC documents plagiarized sections of text and statistics from a similar Alabama A&M University document. The Commission on Colleges voted to drop EWC from membership in SACS, thus revoking the schools accreditation, a hearing was held in Atlanta during February 2005, and the appeal by Edward Waters College was denied. The school then filed a lawsuit seeking an injunction during litigation, the judge stated that the college could show they were denied due process, and appointed two mediators. In June, the college and SACS agreed to a settlement that allowed the school to remain accredited while re-filing their accreditation documentation, the colleges accreditation was reaffirmed in 2006. Edward Waters College offers bachelors degrees in eight programs, Centennial Hall. Built in 1916, it was added to the United States National Register of Historic Places on May 4,1976 and it was designed by Richard Lewis Brown, Jacksonville’s first known black architect. Dr. Jimmy Jenkins, served as president from 1997 to 2005 and was credited with increasing enrollment, dr. Oswald P. Bronson, former president of Bethune-Cookman College, served as interim president while a presidential search committee took two years to select a new leader. Dr. Claudette Williams became the first female president of Edward Waters in 2007 and she resigned in February,2010 to assume a position as a vice president with the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools. Nat Glover became EWCs 29th president on February 12,2011, Edward Waters athletic teams are known as the Tigers and Lady Tigers. The college is a member of the National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics Division I level, the Tigers formerly competed in The Sun Conference, formerly known as the Florida Sun Conference
29.
Flagler College
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Flagler College is a private four-year liberal arts college located in St. Augustine, Florida, United States. It was founded in 1968 and offers 29 majors and 34 minors, the college has been named by U. S. News & World Report as one of the Best Regional Colleges in the South and in The Princeton Review Best 380 Colleges. Its 2015–16 tuition is $16,830 and its rate is an average of 40 percent of its annual applications. Founded in 1968, the school is located on 19 acres, the architects were John Carrere and Thomas Hastings, working for Henry Morrison Flagler, the industrialist, oil magnate and railroad pioneer. It is now listed on the National Register of Historic Places, lawrence Lewis, Jr. was the driving force behind the development of Flagler College. It was his vision to create a small, private liberal arts college on the grounds of the old hotel, Lewis served as Chairman of the Board of Trustees of Flagler College for more than 20 years, guiding the College through a re-organization in 1971. Lewis was related to Henry Flagler through his mother, Louise Wise Lewis Francis, who was the niece of Mary Lily Kenan Flagler, who married Henry Flagler in 1901. In 2014, Flagler College was ranked eighth among Regional Colleges in the South, the college hired a Jacksonville law firm to investigate. The report indicated that the college had been reporting false information since 2004 to various organizations including the U. S. Department of Education, the college had an endowment of over $60 million as of April 2011. In addition, there are over 55 active student clubs and academic organizations on campus, Flagler competes in 14 varsity sports in Division II that compete in the NCAA. Its teams are called the Saints, in the 2009–10 season Flagler athletics began to play in the Peach Belt Conference. The Flagler College Saints Volleyball team has made an impact on the Peach Belt since entering the conference, in 2009, the Lady Saints made it to the National Championship, and finished in the top four of Division II volleyball teams in the nation. In 2010, the Lady Saints made it to the Regional Finals, the Gargoyle is the colleges student-run newspaper. In 2010, the Gargoyle went online-only and began publishing from its website, in 2012, The Gargoyle took first place for best independent online publication at the Society of Professional Journalists’ Mark of Excellence Region 3 awards. The online-only publication took five awards, including two more first places for editor Michael Newberger in online writing and sports editor Mari Pothier in online sports reporting. Since becoming online-only in 2010, The Gargoyle has won nine Regional Mark of Excellence awards, before 2010, the publication had only won two SPJ awards in its history. In 2007, the publication was a finalist Associated Collegiate Press 2007 Pacemaker Awards, in 2006 and 2007, there were several allegations of censorship or alteration of articles in the Gargoyle by the college administration. In 2006, one issue of the newspaper was removed from due to an alleged error in its headlines about rising tuition
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Florida College
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Florida College is a small, regionally accredited, coeducational Christian college located in the City of Temple Terrace, Florida, eight miles northeast of the City of Tampa, Florida. Since its founding as a college in 1946, Florida College has drawn its staff, faculty. It is also recognized among these churches as an important training center for ministers, the high emphasis Florida College places on its Christian heritage is expressed in its tradition of daily chapel services. All members of the board of directors and all faculty members are required to be members in a Church of Christ. All students are required to receive classes in biblical topics. According to the 1988 Temple Terrace Historic Resources Survey, both buildings are eligible for the National Register of Historic Places, Billy Graham attended Florida Bible Institute, which owned the property now occupied by Florida College, in the late 1930s. In his autobiography he writes he received his calling on the 18th green of the Temple Terrace Golf, a Billy Graham Memorial Park is on the east side of the 18th green on the river. Known as Florida Christian College, the charter was drafted in 1944. The school opened in fall 1946 with 100 students, the college charter stipulates the Board of Directors be active in a local, generally non-institutional, Church of Christ. The first president of the school was L. R, wilson, who served from 1946 to 1949. He was followed by James R. Cope, who remained in office from 1949 until 1982, during the 1950s, the Churches of Christ debated internally whether congregations should support missions or educational institutions. This resulted in a schism and the development of non-institutional Churches of Christ, Florida College was unique during these debates as the only college associated with the Churches of Christ which advocated non-institutionalism. Florida College continues to refuse donations from churches, the college supports itself entirely through the donations from individuals and the tuition paid by students. In 1954 the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools granted Florida College full accreditation for the Associate of Arts degree, in the 1960s the schools recruitment policies changed, and students outside Churches of Christ were pursued. A vote by the students and staff resulted in dropping the word Christian from the name in 1963. The name change was fueled in part by the controversy that the word Christian was only used as a noun, by the 1970s the bulk of the student body were again members of Churches of Christ, although the students were younger and more traditional than those of the 1950s. In 1982, Bob F. Owen became president of Florida College, the position he held until 1991, at the beginning of the 2008 academic year, Caldwell announced his resignation as president of Florida College. He remains at Florida College as a faculty member in the Biblical Studies department
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Florida Institute of Technology
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The Florida Institute of Technology is a private doctoral/research university in Melbourne, Florida. Florida Tech has seven academic divisions with emphases on science, technology, engineering, mathematics. The universitys 130-acre primary residential campus is located near the Melbourne International Airport and it is about 50 miles from the Kennedy Space Center and 75 miles from Orlando. The university was founded in at the drawn of the Space Race in 1958 as Brevard Engineering College to support NASA and has been known by its present name since 1966. Florida Tech is the independent, technological university in the Southeast and considered one of the Top Tier 1 schools for Aueronautics, Astronomy, Engineering. Florida Institute of Technology was founded as Brevard Engineering College to Support NASA by Dr. Jerome P. Keuper in 1958, classes were originally held at the Melbourne Municipal Airport in buildings formerly used by the Naval Air Station Melbourne. They were also one of the first known colleges to have a Rocket propulsion class, in 1961, the university moved its location to Melbourne, Florida. During the 1960s additional classroom and laboratory buildings, a library, the university was accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools in 1964 and officially changed its name to Florida Institute of Technology in 1966. Also in 1966, Dr. Jack Morelock founded the Department of Oceanography, in 1967 The School of Aueronautics was created. Defense scientist and NASA would meet with students recruiting for the space program, in 1969 the Panther Battalion Army ROTC program was formed. In 1972, the university launched its first off-campus program at the request of the United States Navy, the Evans Library was completed in the early 1984. The following year the library was renovated and dedicated as the Jerome P. Keuper Administration Building. In 1988, the Homer R. Denius Student Center was renovated, the student plaza completed, the Claude Pepper Institute for Aging and Therapeutic Research and Skurla Hall, home of the School of Aeronautics, opened in 1990. In 1997, the university received a $50 million grant from the F. W. Olin Foundation, an engineering building and life sciences building were opened in 1999 in result of the grant. Seven new residence halls were completed in 2003, however, Melbourne Beach resident Jim Ortega, who had retired from the University of Virginia to Florida in 1998, stepped forward with the additional funds needed to secure a 32-inch telescope. Naming the Telescope after him the Ortega Telescope, in 2005, the F. W. Olin Physical Sciences Center opened. Construction on the Emil Buehler Center for Aviation Training and Research at Melbourne International Airport began in 2008. The following year, the College of Business became the Nathan M. November 20,2015, marked the unveiling of the Harris Student Design Center and this facility provides space for students completing design projects
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Florida Southern College
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Florida Southern College is a private college located in Lakeland, Florida, United States. In 2015, the student population at FSC consisted of 2,500 students along with 130 full-time faculty members, the college offers 50 undergraduate majors and pre-professional programs, graduate programs in nursing, business, and education as well as post-graduate programs in nursing and education. Florida Southern is the home of the world’s largest single-site collection of Frank Lloyd Wright architecture, for its 2011 and 2012 rankings, The Princeton Review selected Florida Southerns campus as the most beautiful in the country. Florida Southern has won 28 national titles in NCAA Division II competition in sports, most notably baseball, golf, swimming. The college’s official mascot is Mocsie the water moccasin, but they are referenced by their nickname. The official colors of the college and its teams are scarlet. Florida Southern is the oldest four-year private college in the state of Florida, the college was first founded as South Florida Institute in Orlando, Florida in 1883, and moved to nearby Leesburg in 1885. Some historians argue that the formal establishment occurred when it was sponsored by the United Methodist Church following the move to Leesburg in 1885. The college moved to Sutherland in 1901, and changed its name to Southern College in 1906, due to fires in the early 1920s, it was temporarily relocated to Clearwater Beach and then finally moved to its current location in Lakeland in 1922. In 1935 it was renamed Florida Southern College by the board of trustees. The present campus comprises 70 buildings on 110 acres of land and is home to the largest collection of Frank Lloyd Wright architecture in the world, the campus is listed on the National Register of Historic Places as a historic district due to the historical significance of its buildings. In 2012, the became a part of the National Historic Landmarks of the United States. In 2011 and 2012, it was selected as the most beautiful campus in America by The Princeton Review. In September 2011, Travel+Leisure listed it as one of the most beautiful campuses in the United States, the college has undergone many changes to its infrastructure in the last few years. Florida Southern commissioned Robert A. M. Stern, the dean of Yales architecture program, Stern is an accomplished American architect who won the Driehaus Architecture Prize in 2011. The Stern-designed Barnett Residential Life Center was completed in 2009, the complex includes Nicholas and Wesley Halls, and houses up to 235 students in lake-view rooms designed to complement Frank Lloyd Wrights existing architecture on campus. Marshall and Vera Lea Rinker bestowed to the school $1.5 million to construct a technology center in 2008, Rinker Technology Center opened in March 2010. According to Stern, his new buildings are intended to honor Wrights historic legacy while putting my own mark on the campus by complimenting, not copying, Stern also designed the Robert E. Christoverson Humanities and the Becker Business Building
