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Bidirectional text
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A bidirectional text contains two text directionalities, right-to-left and left-to-right. It generally involves text containing different types of alphabets, but may also refer to boustrophedon, which
The right side (text runs from right to left, including the English text)
The right side (text runs from right to left, including the English text)
The left side (text runs from left to right)
The left side (text runs from left to right)
On the right side of this Hainan Airlines aircraft, the text runs from right to left (空航南海).
On the right side of this Hainan Airlines aircraft, the text runs from right to left (空航南海).
The left side of this Hainan Airlines aircraft, however, shows the text running from left to right (海南航空).
The left side of this Hainan Airlines aircraft, however, shows the text running from left to right (海南航空).
Horizontal and vertical writing in East Asian scripts
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Many East Asian scripts can be written horizontally or vertically. Chinese characters, Korean hangul, and Japanese kana may be oriented along either axis, as they consist mainly of disconnected logogr
Bidirectional text
…Internationalization and localization Horizontal and vertical writing in East Asian scripts Writing system § Directionality and orientation…
An excerpt from The Cold Food Observance (寒食帖) by Song dynasty scholar Su Shi (1037–1101). The calligraphy is read in columns from top to bottom, from
An excerpt from The Cold Food Observance (寒食帖) by Song dynasty scholar Su Shi (1037–1101). The calligraphy is read in columns from top to bottom, from right to left.
Imperial throne inside the Forbidden City in Beijing. The plaque at the top 正大光明 is written from right to left, while the plaques on the sides use ver
Imperial throne inside the Forbidden City in Beijing. The plaque at the top 正大光明 is written from right to left, while the plaques on the sides use vertical writing.
The word kasutera (カステラ) written from right to left on the right-hand side of a festival stall in Hakone, Japan.
The word kasutera (カステラ) written from right to left on the right-hand side of a festival stall in Hakone, Japan.
Two examples of right-to-left characters on a Chinese postcard from 1901, 津天 and 京北
Two examples of right-to-left characters on a Chinese postcard from 1901, 津天 and 京北