1.
KFC Twenty20 Big Bash
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The KFC Twenty20 Big Bash was the domestic Twenty20 cricket competition in Australia. The competition was organised by Cricket Australia, and sponsored by fast food chicken outlet KFC, the competition was replaced by the Big Bash League as Australias domestic Twenty20 competition after the 2010–11 tournament. The Victorian Bushrangers were the most successful team during the running, winning the title four times. Highest Score, 7/233 Victorian Bushrangers vs New South Wales Blues,21 Jan 2006, lowest Score,71 New South Wales, vs Western Warriors,5 Jan 2010, at WACA Ground. Biggest Winning Margin,127 Western Warriors vs New South Wales Blues,5 Jan 2010, at WACA Ground. Lowest Winning Margin,2 Victorian Bushrangers vs Western Warriors,6 Jan 2006, at WACA Ground, Perth. New South Wales Blues vs Victorian Bushrangers,17 Jan 2009, at ANZ Stadium, Sydney. Highest Individual Score,111 Michael Dighton, Tasmanian Tigers vs New South Wales Blues,10 Jan 2007, at ANZ Stadium, most Catches,13 David Hussey, Victorian Bushrangers. Largest Crowd,43,125 – Victorian Bushrangers vs Tasmanian Tigers,15 Jan 2010 at the Melbourne Cricket Ground, all games, including the finals were covered by Fox Sports. Tasmania in the 2009–10 domestic Ford Ranger Cup and Twenty20 cricket competitions Cricinfo Australian Domestic Cricket Archive
2.
Australia
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Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania and numerous smaller islands. It is the worlds sixth-largest country by total area, the neighbouring countries are Papua New Guinea, Indonesia and East Timor to the north, the Solomon Islands and Vanuatu to the north-east, and New Zealand to the south-east. Australias capital is Canberra, and its largest urban area is Sydney, for about 50,000 years before the first British settlement in the late 18th century, Australia was inhabited by indigenous Australians, who spoke languages classifiable into roughly 250 groups. The population grew steadily in subsequent decades, and by the 1850s most of the continent had been explored, on 1 January 1901, the six colonies federated, forming the Commonwealth of Australia. Australia has since maintained a liberal democratic political system that functions as a federal parliamentary constitutional monarchy comprising six states. The population of 24 million is highly urbanised and heavily concentrated on the eastern seaboard, Australia has the worlds 13th-largest economy and ninth-highest per capita income. With the second-highest human development index globally, the country highly in quality of life, health, education, economic freedom. The name Australia is derived from the Latin Terra Australis a name used for putative lands in the southern hemisphere since ancient times, the Dutch adjectival form Australische was used in a Dutch book in Batavia in 1638, to refer to the newly discovered lands to the south. On 12 December 1817, Macquarie recommended to the Colonial Office that it be formally adopted, in 1824, the Admiralty agreed that the continent should be known officially as Australia. The first official published use of the term Australia came with the 1830 publication of The Australia Directory and these first inhabitants may have been ancestors of modern Indigenous Australians. The Torres Strait Islanders, ethnically Melanesian, were originally horticulturists, the northern coasts and waters of Australia were visited sporadically by fishermen from Maritime Southeast Asia. The first recorded European sighting of the Australian mainland, and the first recorded European landfall on the Australian continent, are attributed to the Dutch. The first ship and crew to chart the Australian coast and meet with Aboriginal people was the Duyfken captained by Dutch navigator, Willem Janszoon. He sighted the coast of Cape York Peninsula in early 1606, the Dutch charted the whole of the western and northern coastlines and named the island continent New Holland during the 17th century, but made no attempt at settlement. William Dampier, an English explorer and privateer, landed on the north-west coast of New Holland in 1688, in 1770, James Cook sailed along and mapped the east coast, which he named New South Wales and claimed for Great Britain. The first settlement led to the foundation of Sydney, and the exploration, a British settlement was established in Van Diemens Land, now known as Tasmania, in 1803, and it became a separate colony in 1825. The United Kingdom formally claimed the part of Western Australia in 1828. Separate colonies were carved from parts of New South Wales, South Australia in 1836, Victoria in 1851, the Northern Territory was founded in 1911 when it was excised from South Australia
3.
Cricket Australia
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Cricket Australia, formerly known as the Australian Cricket Board, is the governing body for professional and amateur cricket in Australia. It was originally formed in 1905 as the Australian Board of Control for International Cricket and it is incorporated as an Australian Public Company, limited by guarantee. Cricket Australia operates all of the Australian national representative sides, including the Australian cricket team. CA is also responsible for organising and hosting Test tours and one day internationals with other nations, Cricket Australia is an administrative organisation responsible for cricket in Australia. Cricket Australia has six member organisations that represent each of the Australian states, Cricket Australia is governed by eight independent directors, who work collectively in the national interest of Australian cricket. The chief executive officer reports to the board of directors, each of the state cricket associations that are members of Cricket Australia also selects a representative side to participate in Australias major domestic cricket tournaments. Cricket Australia also maintains a healthy but independent association with the Australian Cricketers Association to provide proper players rights, however the Australasian Cricket Council was disbanded in 1898, and what is now known as Cricket Australia was established in 1905 as the Australian Board of Control for International Cricket. Before its establishment, tours by Australian teams to England were organised and funded by groups or by the players themselves. Similarly invitations to English teams were made by private promoters or by individual clubs, the predecessor organisation, the Australasian Cricket Council, had existed from 1892 to 1898 but was ineffective due to a lack of funding. Its one lasting action was to establish the Sheffield Shield, the cricket competition between the Australian colonies. These early tours were lucrative for the players and promoters and cricket administrators looked to ways to channel some of this money to the destitute clubs. Formal discussions began in January 1905 in Sydney for the formation of a body to control of tours from the players. A draft constitution was discussed by members of the New South Wales, Victoria, South Australian, the first meeting of the new board was held at Wesley College in Melbourne on 6 May 1905. The foundation members were the New South Wales Cricket Association and the Victorian Cricket Association, South Australias delegates refused to join the Board because the Board structure denied the players any representation. The Queensland Cricket Association was represented as an observer only, in 1907 Tasmania was also permitted to send a single representative, and Western Australia did likewise in 1913. Changes to this structure were made in 1914 and 1974 respectively, Cricket Australia has had three different names since its foundation. Cricket Australia also honours players for exceptional service to the game of cricket in Australia by annually adding former players of great distinction to the Australian Cricket Hall of Fame. The current four-man panel for the Australian mens sides are, Trevor Hohns, Darren Lehmann, Mark Waugh, the current four-person panel for the Australia women’s sides are, Shawn Flegler, Matthew Mott, Avril Fahey and Julie Hayes
4.
Twenty20
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Twenty20 cricket, sometimes written Twenty-20, and often abbreviated to T20, is a short form of cricket. At the professional level, it was introduced by the England and Wales Cricket Board in 2003 for the inter-county competition in England. In a Twenty20 game the two teams have a single innings each, which is restricted to a maximum of 20 overs, a typical Twenty20 game is completed in about three hours, with each innings lasting around 75–90 minutes and a 10–20-minute interval. This is much shorter than previously-existing forms of the game, and is closer to the timespan of other team sports. It was introduced to create a form of the game which would be attractive to spectators at the ground. Since its inception the game has very successful resulting in its spread around the cricket world. On most international tours there is at least one Twenty20 match, the inaugural ICC World Twenty20 was played in South Africa in 2007 with India winning by five runs against Pakistan in the final. Pakistan won the tournament in 2009, and England won the title in the West Indies 2010. West Indies won in 2012, with Sri Lanka winning the 2014 tournament, West Indies are the reigning champions, winning the 2016 competition, and in doing so, became the first nation to win the tournament twice. When the Benson & Hedges Cup ended in 2002, the ECB needed another one day competition to fill its place, cricketing authorities were looking to boost the games popularity with the younger generation in response to dwindling crowds and reduced sponsorship. It was intended to deliver fast paced, exciting cricket accessible to thousands of fans who were put off by the versions of the game. Stuart Robertson, the manager of the ECB, proposed a 20 over per innings game to county chairmen in 2001. The first official Twenty20 matches were played on 13 June 2003 between the English counties in the Twenty20 Cup, the first season of Twenty20 in England was a relative success, with the Surrey Lions defeating the Warwickshire Bears by 9 wickets in the final to claim the title. Thirteen teams from different parts of the participated in Pakistans inaugural competition in 2004. On 12 January 2005 Australias first Twenty20 game was played at the WACA Ground between the Western Warriors and the Victorian Bushrangers and it drew a sell-out crowd of 20,000, which was the first time in nearly 25 years the ground had been completely sold out. Starting 11 July 200619 West Indies regional teams competed in what was named the Stanford 20/20 tournament, the event was financially backed by billionaire Allen Stanford, who gave at least US$28,000,000 funding money. It was intended that the tournament would be an annual event, guyana won the inaugural event, defeating Trinidad and Tobago by 5 wickets, securing US$1,000,000 in prize money. On 5 January 2007 Queensland Bulls played the New South Wales Blues at The Gabba, a crowd of 11,000 was expected based on pre-match ticket sales
5.
Round-robin tournament
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A round-robin tournament is a competition in which each contestant meets all other contestants in turn. It contrasts with an elimination tournament, the term round-robin is derived from the French term ruban, meaning ribbon. Over a long period of time, the term was corrupted and idiomized to robin, in a single round-robin schedule, each participant plays every other participant once. If each participant plays all others twice, this is called a double round-robin. The term is used when all participants play one another more than twice. In the United Kingdom, a tournament is often called an American tournament in sports such as tennis or billiards which usually have knockout tournaments. In Italian it is called girone allitaliana, in Serbian it is called the Berger system, after chess player Johann Berger. A round-robin tournament with four players is sometimes called quad or foursome, in sports with a large number of competitive matches for season, double round-robins are common. Most association football leagues in the world are organized on a double round-robin basis, in every team plays all others in its league once at home. This system is used during qualification for major tournaments such as the FIFA World Cup. There are also round-robin chess, draughts, go, curling, the World Chess Championship decided in 2005 and in 2007 on an eight-player double round-robin tournament where each player faces every other player once as white and once as black. Group tournaments rankings usually go by number of matches won and drawn, frequently, pool stages within a wider tournament are conducted on a round-robin basis. In theory, a tournament is the fairest way to determine the champion among a known. Each participant, player or team, has equal chances against all other opposites, the element of luck is seen to be reduced as compared to a knockout system since bad performances need not cripple a competitors chance of ultimate victory. Final records of participants are, thus, seen to be accurate as they represent the results over a longer period against equal competition. This can also be used to determine which teams are the poorest performers and this is also helpful to determine the final rank of all competitors from strongest to weakest for purposes of qualification for another stage or competition as well as for prize money. In team sport the major league champions is generally regarded as the best team in the land, the top one, two, or occasionally three teams in these groups then proceed to a straight knockout stage for the remainder of the tournament. The main disadvantage of a round robin tournament is the time needed to complete it, for instance, a tournament of 16 teams can be completed in just 4 rounds in a knockout format, a round-robin would require 15 rounds to finish
6.
Adelaide Strikers
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The Adelaide Strikers are an Australian mens professional Twenty20 cricket team that competes in Australias domestic Twenty20 cricket competition, the Big Bash League. The Strikers are based in the state of South Australia and represent Adelaide in the Big Bash League and their home ground is Adelaide Oval. The Strikers wear a blue uniform with a West End Draught logo on it, due to a sponsorship agreement with brewers. The Strikers were formed in 2011 to play in the Big Bash League, succeeding the Southern Redbacks, the Adelaide Strikers were formed in 2011, as a result of the formation of the Big Bash League. When the competition was first formed, each team had an opportunity to sign up players, the contracting window opened on 30 June 2011 at 9am and closed on 22 July 2011. Each team was allowed to sign up to 18 players, including up to two from overseas, the teams inaugural captain was South Australia captain, Michael Klinger, and the inaugural coach was Darren Berry, the then coach of the Southern Redbacks
7.
Perth Scorchers
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The Perth Scorchers are an Australian domestic Twenty20 cricket team based in Perth, Western Australia. The Scorchers represent Perth in the Big Bash League and wear an orange cricket uniform, the Scorchers are the most successful team in BBL history, played in five of the first six BBL finals, including hosting the first three and winning in the third and fourth seasons. The Sydney Sixers defeated them in 2011–12 and the Brisbane Heat won the title in 2012–13, however, they defeated Hobart Hurricanes in BBL03 before beating the Sixers in BBL04 in a last-ball thriller at Canberras Manuka Oval. The Scorchers are captained by Adam Voges after Simon Katich retired at the end of the Scorchers successful BBL03 campaign in 2014, mickey Arthur was originally appointed coach, but quit before the beginning of the 2011–12 season after he was appointed coach of the Australian cricket team. He was replaced by his assistant, Lachlan Stevens. Justin Langer replaced Stevens in November 2012, the Scorchers also have a side in the Womens Big Bash League captained by Suzie Bates and coached by Lisa Keightley. Brad Hogg was recruited despite having not played state or international cricket since the 2007–08 season, the Scorchers started the 2011–12 Big Bash League season poorly, losing to the Hobart Hurricanes in their opening game at the WACA Ground by 31 runs. However, they subsequently won 5 games in a row, resulting in finishing the inaugural season at the top of the ladder. The Scorchers then won the semi-final against the Melbourne Stars by 11 runs, points table on ESPN CricInfo By finishing in the top two of the Big Bash League, they won a position at the 2012 Champions League Twenty20 tournament, held in South Africa in October 2012. The team performed poorly, only winning one game, the Marsh brothers, Shaun and Mitchell were both disciplined and dropped from the final game after excessively celebrating Mitchells 21st birthday during the tournament. Other squad changes included the return of Adam Voges and the departure of Nathan Rimmington, tasmanian Tom Triffitt was recruited as the wicket keeper. Pat Cummins was recruited from the 2011–12 winning Sydney Sixers, but was injured whilst playing for the Sixers at the 2012 Champions League Twenty20 and did not play for the Scorchers. The Scorchers again started the season poorly, losing to the Melbourne Stars in their second match when they scored an Australian record low total of 69 runs. In a high scoring, but rain interrupted game, the Scorchers won off the ball of the innings. They hosted the final against the Brisbane Heat but lost by 34 runs. South African Alfonso Thomas returned as a player, but new signing Dwayne Smith from the West Indies did not travel to Perth due to personal reasons. He was replaced in the team by Yasir Arafat from Pakistan, Perth made the finals once again, finishing in 3rd place with 5 wins from 8 games. The Scorchers defeated the Sydney Sixers in their semi-final at the Sydney Cricket Ground to advance to their 3rd straight Grand Final, 4th placed Hobart defeated 1st placed Stars in the other semi-final, giving Perth the home ground advantage for also a 3rd consecutive time
8.
Michael Klinger
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Michael Klinger is an Australian cricketer currently listed with Western Australia and the Perth Scorchers. His nickname is the Jewish Bradman, before the 2008–09 season, Klinger played for Victoria and for St Kilda Cricket Club in Premier Cricket. He joined the South Australia Redbacks for the 2008–09 season, was named their Captain in 2010 and he was one of the 350 players under the hammer for the IPL Auction 2011, and was bought by Kochi Tuskers Kerala. He attended Mount Scopus Memorial College, from which he graduated in 1998, as a young batsman, Klinger was named Captain of the Australia Under 19s Mens Cricket team – his deputy being Michael Clarke who subsequently became captain of the national team. Klinger began as an 18-year-old in the 1998–99 season and this caused Klinger some great upset, and following it Klinger had several less successful years, but returned to contention for a spot in the Victorian Bushrangers side for the 2005–06 season. In 2003 he was the professional for Walkden in the Bolton Cricket League. In Season 2006–07 he started off in the outer from the Pura Cup side, but started off his Ford Ranger Cup season in style, nearly getting an early on. He led the scoring in the competition for much of the season. Klinger was soon to do the same for the 1st XI, on 11 December 2008, Klinger posted his highest individual score in one day cricket, with an unbeaten 133 off just 128 balls. This guided South Australia to victory in their match against the Tasmania Tigers at the Adelaide Oval. This was Klingers fourth one-day century and he won the Australian Cricketers Associations December 2008 Johnnie Walker player-of-the-month award. In 2010, Klinger was named Captain of the Redbacks, Klinger was one of the 350 players under the hammer for the IPL Auction 2011, and was bought by Kochi Tuskers Kerala for US$75,000. He is joint third along with Luke Wright in the list for scoring most number of centuries in all forms of T20s. In December 2012, Klinger was signed by English county Gloucestershire, not only as their overseas player for the 2013 season and he had previously stood in for Phillip Hughes at Worcestershire at the beginning of the previous season. He scored over 1000 runs in the County Championship, scoring 6 centuries, due to his success, Klinger returned to captain Gloucs again for the 2014 season. He was their leading run scorer in the One Day Cup, in August 2015, he was confirmed as staying with the club for the 2016 season. Klinger signed a contract with Western Australia in April 2014. He recovered from the arm to make his debut for WA in the 2014–15 Matador BBQs One-Day Cup in October
9.
Seven Network
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The Seven Network is an Australian commercial free-to-air television network. It is owned by Seven West Media Limited, and is one of five main television networks in Australia. In 2011 the Seven Network won all 40 out of 40 weeks of the season for total viewers. Seven is the first to achieve this since the introduction of the OzTAM ratings system in 2001, as of 2014, it is the second largest network in the country in terms of population reach. In 2016, the network had its biggest lead in total people over the Nine Network since the current OzTAM ratings system began, in Melbourne,30 of the 40 ratings weeks were won and all ratings weeks were won in Adelaide and Perth. Sevens administration headquarters are based in a warehouse at Jones Bay Wharf in Pyrmont, Sydney. The networks main playout centre is located in Docklands, Melbourne, National news and current affairs programming are based between flagship station ATN-7 in Sydney and HSV-7 in Melbourne. In 2009, Seven moved its Sydney-based production operations from Epping to a purpose-built high-definition television production facility at the Australian Technology Park in Eveleigh, the present Seven Network began as a group of independent stations in Sydney, Melbourne, Brisbane, Adelaide and Perth. HSV-7 Melbourne, licensed to The Herald and Weekly Times Ltd, was launched on 4 November 1956, ATN-7 Sydney, licensed to Amalgamated Television Services, a subsidiary of Fairfax, was launched on 2 December 1956. BTQ-7 Brisbane followed on 1 November, signing on as Brisbanes second commercial television station, ADS-7 Adelaide was launched on 24 October 1959 as the final capital city VHF7 station. In the early 1960s, coaxial cable links, formed initially between Sydney and Melbourne, allowed the sharing of programmes and simultaneous broadcasts of live shows, left without their original partners, ATN-7 and HSV-7 joined to form the Australian Television Network in 1963. The new grouping was soon joined by other capital-city channel 7 stations, ADS-7 Adelaide, however, it was not until 1970 that a national network logo was adopted, albeit still with independently owned and operated stations with local advertising campaigns. Colour television was introduced across the network in 1975, when a new logo was adopted. Rupert Murdoch made a bid for the Herald and Weekly Times, owners of HSV-7, in 1979. Fairfax, however, successfully bought a 14. 9% share of the later in the same year. The 1980s saw the introduction of sound, as well as a number of successful shows, most notably A Country Practice in 1981, and Sons and Daughters. Wheel of Fortune began its 25-year run in July 1981, produced from ADS-7s studios in Adelaide, the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow were shown live on the network the year before. Perth based businessman Robert Holmes à Court, through his business the Bell Group, bought TVW-7 from its original owners, the Herald and Weekly Times, owner of HSV-7 and ADS-7, was sold to Rupert Murdoch in December 1986 for an estimated A$1.8 billion
10.
Fox Sports (Australia)
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Fox Sports is an Australian group of sports channels, owned by Fox Sports Pty Limited, which is owned by News Corp Australia. Its main competitors are ESPN and beIN Sports, although 21st Century Fox maintains ownership of the remainder of News Corporations broadcasting assets, its Australian television assets were spun out with the new company as well. Both companies nonetheless remain under the control of the Murdoch family, Fox Sports started life as the Premier Sports Network as the only fully operational local channel at the launch of Australias first pay-television service, Galaxy. Premier Sports backers included American company Prime International, which was later to become part of Liberty Media, the service was launched at 4pm 26 January 1995 in Sydney and made a name for itself, securing the rights to Australias cricket tour of the West Indies. PSN signed a deal with Network Ten to share the broadcast rights, when Foxtel launched its cable service later that year, PSN was included as part of the package. Between 1995 and 2010, Fox Sports aired National Basketball League games, on 1 March 1996, PSN was relaunched as Fox Sports Australia, to coincide with the new Super 12 rugby union competition and the proposed launch of the Super League. In 1997 a secondary channel was launched on Foxtel to carry broadcasts of the new Super League competition, Fox Sports and its chief competitor, Sports Australia shared the rights to NRL broadcasts as a result of the legal settlement in the Super League war. The channel on Foxtel was later relaunched as Fox Sports Two, at first broadcasting from Friday through Monday each week, when Optus Vision dropped the C7 Sport service in March 2002, they started carrying the Fox Sports channels. Optus dropped the Optus Sports name in October 2002, during the 2006 Commonwealth Games in Melbourne, Fox Sports carried an additional eight channels dedicated to Games events. These were available to customers at an additional charge, Fox Sports has been the exclusive broadcaster of the Hyundai A-League since its first season in 2005. And in 2006, an A$120 million deal between the FFA and Fox Sports was reached after the end of the first season, ratings for football have generally been very good. The Socceroos first game of the 2007 AFC Asian Cup, attracted 345,000 viewers, while their Quarter final drew an average of 419,000 - at the time, an all-time record for Australian Pay TV. In 2007, Fox Sports reached a deal to broadcast 4 games live and exclusive from the AFL each week and this includes the exclusive only Sunday twilight match. In addition they will broadcast Friday night games live into New South Wales, when channel 518 a is used in this way it is promoted as Fox Sports Plus on-air. In 2010 Fox Sports coverage of National Rugby League games held 73 out of the top 100 programs of any type aired Foxtel, technical innovations were the main highlight, with CEO Patrick Delany unveiling the FoxKopter, the FoxMobile Segway, Ref Cam and Cornerpost Cam. Fox Sports also launched a new logo in line with its global affiliate broadcasters. On 3 September 2014, Fox Sports announced that SPEED and Fuel TV would be rebranded as FOX Sports 4 and FOX Sports 5 on 3 November 2014, of which both will be available in HD. In addition, it was announced FOX Sports News would launch a HD feed on the same day - taking FOX Sports suite to 7 channels, branded as Fox Sports 1 prior to 23 February 2017
11.
KFC
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Kentucky Fried Chicken, more commonly known by its initials KFC, is an American fast food restaurant chain that specializes in fried chicken. Headquartered in Louisville, Kentucky, it is the worlds second-largest restaurant chain after McDonalds, the chain is a subsidiary of Yum. Brands, a restaurant company that owns the Pizza Hut. KFC was founded by Colonel Harland Sanders, an entrepreneur who began selling fried chicken from his restaurant in Corbin. Sanders identified the potential of the restaurant franchising concept, and the first Kentucky Fried Chicken franchise opened in Utah in 1952, KFC popularized chicken in the fast food industry, diversifying the market by challenging the established dominance of the hamburger. By branding himself as Colonel Sanders, Harland became a prominent figure of American cultural history, however, the companys rapid expansion overwhelmed the aging Sanders and he sold it to a group of investors led by John Y. Brown Jr. and Jack C. KFC was one of the first American fast food chains to expand internationally, opening outlets in Canada, the United Kingdom, Mexico, and Jamaica by the mid-1960s. Throughout the 1970s and 1980s, it experienced mixed fortunes domestically, in the early-1970s, KFC was sold to the spirits distributor Heublein, which was taken over by the R. J. Reynolds food and tobacco conglomerate, that sold the chain to PepsiCo. The chain continued to expand overseas, however, and in 1987 and it has since expanded rapidly in China, which is now the companys single largest market. PepsiCo spun off its restaurants division as Tricon Global Restaurants, which changed its name to Yum. KFCs original product is fried chicken pieces, seasoned with Sanders recipe of 11 herbs. The constituents of the recipe represent a notable trade secret, larger portions of fried chicken are served in a cardboard bucket, which has become a well known feature of the chain since it was first introduced by franchisee Pete Harman in 1957. KFC is known for its former and current slogan Finger Lickin Good, Harland Sanders was born in 1890 and raised on a farm outside Henryville, Indiana. When Sanders was five years old, his father died, forcing his mother to work at a canning plant and this left Sanders, as the eldest son, to care for his two younger siblings. After he reached seven years of age, his mother taught him how to cook, after leaving the family home at the age of 13, Sanders passed through several professions, with mixed success. In 1930, he took over a Shell filling station on US Route 25 just outside North Corbin, Kentucky and it was here that he first served to travelers the recipes that he had learned as a child, fried chicken and other dishes such as steaks and country ham. After four years of serving from his own dining table, Sanders purchased the larger filling station on the other side of the road
12.
Sydney Sixers
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The Sydney Sixers are an Australian professional mens cricket team, competing in Australias domestic Twenty20 cricket competition, the Big Bash League. Along with the Sydney Thunder, the Sixers are the successors of the New South Wales Blues who played in the now-defunct KFC Twenty20 Big Bash. The Sixers play at Sydney Cricket Ground in the area of the inner city while the Thunder play out of Spotless Stadium further west. The inaugural coach was Trevor Bayliss and Dominic Remond is the General Manager, the Sixers inaugural captain is Australian wicket-keeper Brad Haddin. Both Steve Smith and Moises Henriques have also spent time captaining the team, competing in the inaugural Big Bash League, the Sydney Sixers went on to win the tournament. After finishing third in the regular games, the Sixers defeated the Hobart Hurricanes in the semi-final at Bellerive Oval. This facilitated a show-down with the Perth Scorchers in the final and they defeated the Scorchers on 28 January 2012, at the WACA Ground, thus becoming the inaugural champions of the Big Bash League. As a result of their successful Big Bash League grand final win, the tournament was held in October 2012 in South Africa. Again, the Sixers made history by winning this tournament on their first attempt, the Sixers were top of their group going into the finals of the tournament. They went on to defeat the Nashua Titans in the semi-finals, the Sydney Sixers were created when the decision was made to move away from state representative teams to city-based teams for the domestic Twenty20 competition. It is believed that this move was to align its structure with that of India and South Africa and this was an important factor for the ongoing Champions League Twenty20 tournament, where those three nations were founding members. It was decided there would be two teams from Sydney, two teams from Melbourne, and one from each other capital city for an eight team competition. The names Sixers were decided upon by Cricket NSW, other names considered for the two teams were Rocks and Edge. The Sydney Sixers were chosen to host the first game of the new, the game was played on December 16,2011 at the historical Sydney Cricket Ground against the Brisbane Heat. The Sixers lost the toss and restricted the Heat to 8/139 from their allotted 20 overs, stuart MacGill showed his class, coming out of retirement for this tournament, to end with the best figures from a Sixers bowler with 2/21. The Sixers easily chased down the runs with 8 balls to spare with skipper, the Sixers then traveled down to Hobart and were dominated by the Hurricanes in a 42-run defeat. Phil Jaques and Travis Birt amassing a 107 wicket partnership, with Birt the Player of the Match, the Sixers then lost on the road to the Melbourne Renegades before picking up away wins against Sydney Thunder and Adelaide Strikers. The Sixers then battled-out a hard fought win against the Perth Scorchers at home, after losing a couple of early wickets, Steve Smith smacked a quickfire 51 before the Sixers lost 5/8 in the final two overs to be bowled out for 176
13.
Brisbane Heat
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The Brisbane Heat are an Australian mens professional twenty20 cricket team that competes in the Big Bash League. The Heat wears a uniform and are based in Brisbane in the Australian state Queensland. Their home ground is the Brisbane Cricket Ground, in their second season, they won the Big Bash League for the first time and thus qualified for the Champions League Twenty20. The team lost their first four matches, but – still with a chance to reach the semi-finals – won their last three matches and were just eliminated in the last match. The team ended fifth out of eight on the points table, Brisbane Heat defeated the Perth Scorchers in the 2012/13 Big Bash League final. The match was played at the WACA Ground on 19 January 2013, captain James Hopes was unable to play due to injury. Vice-captain Chris Hartley won the toss, and elected to bat first, joe Burns top scored for Brisbane with 43 runs off 27 balls, in a total of 167 for the loss of five wickets. Jason Behrendorff took 2 wickets for the Scorchers, in reply, Perth Scorchers scored 133 for the loss of nine wickets from their 20 overs, losing by 34 runs. Adam Voges was the highest scorer with 49 runs from 32 deliveries, barbadian Kemar Roach took 3 wickets for 18 runs. Nathan Hauritz was named man of the match after bowling three overs for 11 runs and taking three catches, the team started well, winning their first game against the Perth Scorchers. However, they lost out in close matches over the course of the season. The Heat struggled but, managed to finish the season in 5th place, there were good signs for the Heat as Cameron Gannon led all BBL wicket-takers, snaring 18 wickets at an average of less than 12 – with best bowling of 4–10. Daniel Vettori was also miserly with the ball, going for just over six an over, Chris Lynn was the best of the batsman scoring 198 runs closely followed by Dan Christian who made 186 runs at an average of 46.5. Brisbane Heat finished last in the league, with a record of 2–6, which led to the resignation of Stuart Law as coach, following the retirement of Daniel Vettoris playing career, he signed a 3-year contract to become the coach of the franchise. Following the retirement of Brendon McCullums international playing career, he returns as full participant for the Heat for his stint for the franchise. He took no part last season due to BBL coincided with the matches of his international career
14.
Sydney Thunder
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The Sydney Thunder are an Australian professional cricket team, competing in Australias domestic Twenty20 cricket competition, the Big Bash League. The teams home ground is Sydney Showground Stadium, known as Spotless Stadium at Sydney Olympic Park and their team uniform is lime green. Thunder won the edition of Big Bash, as well as the inaugural Womens Big Bash League. Along with the Sydney Sixers, the Sydney Thunder are the successors of the New South Wales Blues who played in the now-defunct KFC Twenty20 Big Bash. The NSW Cricket board unanimously decided on lime green as the colour, though other colours were considered. Cricket Australia did not allow Cricket NSW to use the sky blue colour associated with New South Wales sports teams. The team made their debut in the 2011-12 Big Bash League season - the inaugural season of the Big Bash League, the team performed poorly in its first years in the competition, finishing last in each of its first three seasons and second last in its fourth season. From 2011 to 2014, the Thunders home ground was ANZ Stadium in Sydney Olympic Park, in June 2015, the Thunder announced they would leave ANZ Stadium and play all home games at Sydney Showground Stadium until the 2024-25 BBL season. The 2015–16 Big Bash League season marked the first year in which the Thunder finished in the top half of the table, however, the Thunder lost their following four games and it looked as if they were set to miss out on the finals. In their final game of the 2015–16 Big Bash League season, the Thunder faced the Adelaide Strikers at Adelaide Oval in the first semi final, winning convincingly. The Thunder then faced the Stars in the Finals the Melbourne Stars, the final was played at Melbourne Cricket Ground on 24 January 2016 and resulted in the Thunders defeat of the Melbourne Stars. The Sydney Thunder franchise also swept the titles as the team won the inaugural womens title hours ago on the same ground by the same margin with the same number of balls remaining. The mens game also featured a battle of two captains as brothers Michael and David Hussey went against each other on their mothers birthday, Sydney Thunder were the most watched sports team in Australia during 2015/16 with an average TV audience of 1. 2m. Shane Watson was elected to captain the side in 2016, Thunder Bus The Thunder Bus travels around schools and cricket club in Sydney and Regional NSW, it has an interactive quiz and inflatable nets. The Thunder Bus directly engaged with 100,000 children aged between 5-12 during this period and was seen by over 1 Million people, gayle was pursued by Perth Scorchers but he rejected an offer of $250,000 to stay with the New South Wales team. The Sydney Smash – When the league began in 2011, Cricket Australia decided they would place two teams in Sydney, with the core group of players for both sides coming from the New South Wales cricket team, this rivalry automatically becomes widely anticipated in Sydney. In the first four seasons of the BBL the Thunder lost all seven Sydney Derby games to the Sixers. However, in the first match of the fifth Big Bash League, the season also marked the first time the Thunder beat the Sixers in both games contested during the season
15.
Champions League Twenty20
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The Champions League Twenty20, also referred to as the CLT20, was an annual international Twenty20 cricket competition played between the top domestic teams from major cricketing nations. The competition was launched in 2008 with the first edition held in October 2009 and it was jointly owned by the BCCI, Cricket Australia and Cricket South Africa, and was chaired by N. Srinivasan, who was also the chairman of the ICC. Sundar Raman was the Chief Operating Officer of the CLT20 as well as the IPL, the tournament was held between September and October for a period of two to three weeks in either India or South Africa. It had a prize pool of US$6 million, with the winning team receiving $2.5 million. The format involved the best teams from the premier Twenty20 competitions of eight Test-playing nations, favouring the teams from India, Australia, by shortening matches to around three hours, the format was designed to attract a younger crowd and boost attendances. Cricketing nations began adopting the format and creating domestic Twenty20 competitions and this was followed by the creation of international Twenty20 tournaments. The International 20,20 Club Championship was an attempt at an international Twenty20 club tournament. It was held in 2005 and featured domestic Twenty20 teams from three countries, domestic Twenty20 competitions began with Englands Twenty20 Cup in 2003. By 2006, most of the cricketing nations had created their own domestic Twenty20 competitions. However, all these competitions had a similar to their existing first-class and List A cricket counterparts. In 2008, the Indian Premier League was launched and achieved revolutionary success, the plans for the creation of the Champions League Twenty20 were first announced on 13 September 2007. The inaugural edition was to be held in October 2008, run by the boards of India, England, Australia and South Africa. England featured ICL players in many of their teams, including their domestic tournaments runners-up the Kent Spitfires, the BCCI decided to replace Kents slot with a team from Pakistan and was prepared to also replace the remaining England team. In response, ECB devised plans for their own Champions League, ECB eventually agreed to the terms from the BCCI. The CLT20 was founded by the BCCI, Cricket Australia and Cricket South Africa with one team from England and $6 million in prize money. Following this, another problem arose with the International Cricket Council over the tournament dates, which clashed with the ICC Champions Trophy, plans were also made for the second edition to be held in late 2009 with 12 teams. In November 2008, the tournament was put in jeopardy when Mumbai suffered terrorist attacks. In December 2008, it was pushed to September 2009
16.
Hobart Hurricanes
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The Hobart Hurricanes are an Australian professional mens Twenty20 cricket team based in Tasmania, Australia. They compete in Australias Twenty20 domestic cricket competition known as The Big Bash League, the Hurricanes play their home matches at Blundstone Arena. The Hurricanes wear a purple cricket uniform, the Hobart Hurricaness inaugural coach was Allister de Winter and their inaugural captain was Tim Paine. In the Hurricanes second match they faced fancied favourites Sydney Sixers before inflicting a 42 run defeat on the Sixers at Bellerive Oval in Hobart. Their overseas Pakistani signee, Rana Naved-ul-hasan particularly bowled well in the death overs, while another player, Owais Shah. The team was always at the top two ranks of the tournament table, and easily entered the semis, though the Hurricanes were outdone in the semis. Rana Naved-ul-hasan was the leading wicket taker in Big Bash League 2011–12, the Hurricanes played a total of 8 games in the 2012-13 Big Bash League. They ended up losing 4 and winning the same the number of games and they finished the tournament in 6th position out of 8 teams. The Hurricanes qualified for the finals in 2013-14 Big Bash by just 1 point ahead of Brisbane Heat. They won the final against the Stars. They were outclassed by Perth Scorchers in the final by 39 runs and they finished as the runners-up, their best position so far. Ben Dunk was named the Man of the Tournament with 395 runs and they only managed to win 3 games in the 2014-15 season and ended up 5th on the table. The Hurricanes were the first BBL franchise to have their own team song, the lyrics to the song are as follows, The purple armys on the march again, again. The purple armys on the again, again. We bat, we bowl, we take control, We play the game with guts, the Hurricanes have won the game again, again. The Hurricanes have won the game again, again, the champions league is in our sight, Well knock em down and win the fight. The Hurricanes have won the game again, again, after the Champions League was scrapped, the side unveiled a new second verse in BBL06, The Hurricanes have won the game again, again. The Hurricanes have won the game again, again, Well knock em down, well win the fight
17.
WACA Ground
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The WACA /ˈwækə/ is a sports stadium in Perth, Western Australia. The stadiums name derives from the initials of its owners and operators, the WACA has been Western Australias home of cricket since the early 1890s, with Test cricket played at the ground since the 1970–71 season. The ground is the venue of Western Australias first-class cricket team, the Western Warriors, and a Womens National Cricket League side. The Perth Scorchers, a Big Bash League franchise, also play at the ground, the pitch at the WACA is regarded as one of the quickest and bounciest in the world. These characteristics, in combination with the afternoon sea-breezes which regularly pass the ground, have made the ground an attractive place for pace. The outfield is exceptionally fast, contributing to the ground seeing some very fast scoring – as of February 2016, however, recent years have seen most of these activities relocated to other venues. It has also used for major rock concerts. William Henry Wise, a gardener who came to WA from England in 1880, Wise was personal gardener to Sir George Shenton, of Crawley. In addition to his work at the WACA Ground, he laid the first tennis court on the Perth Esplanade, the Western Australian Cricket Association was officially established on 25 November 1885 under the Presidency of JCH James. In 1893, the WACA ground was opened, occupying a site of old swamp land to the east of the city. The Association has a 999-year lease over the land, the long term of the lease means that, effectively, the Association has freehold title. Originally, the title covered 29 acres, and took in what is now Gloucester Park, however, the latter part of the land was divested to the Trotting Association in the early 1920s. In a curious twist, between 1977 and 1979, World Series Cricket matches were played at Gloucester Park because the Kerry Packer-led organisation was not granted access to the WACA, the first match played on the turf wickets took place in February 1894. However, difficulties encountered in transporting teams to Western Australia meant that the ground was not part of Australias main cricket community for many years, even with the building of a transcontinental railway, the trip from the eastern states still took several days. It took the introduction of scheduled flights to Western Australia to make the WACA readily accessible to interstate or overseas teams. James Gardiner, president of the WACA for three terms between 1897 and 1924, proposed the adoption of electorate cricket whereby teams were established on a basis for competition. He also inaugurated Country Week cricket, during which teams compete against each other. In 1907, the WACA ground was under threat of being controlled by the Perth City Council to recover debts, Gardiner led the bid to save the ground and secured a government loan
18.
New Zealand
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New Zealand /njuːˈziːlənd/ is an island nation in the southwestern Pacific Ocean. The country geographically comprises two main landmasses—the North Island, or Te Ika-a-Māui, and the South Island, or Te Waipounamu—and around 600 smaller islands. New Zealand is situated some 1,500 kilometres east of Australia across the Tasman Sea and roughly 1,000 kilometres south of the Pacific island areas of New Caledonia, Fiji, because of its remoteness, it was one of the last lands to be settled by humans. During its long period of isolation, New Zealand developed a distinct biodiversity of animal, fungal, the countrys varied topography and its sharp mountain peaks, such as the Southern Alps, owe much to the tectonic uplift of land and volcanic eruptions. New Zealands capital city is Wellington, while its most populous city is Auckland, sometime between 1250 and 1300 CE, Polynesians settled in the islands that later were named New Zealand and developed a distinctive Māori culture. In 1642, Dutch explorer Abel Tasman became the first European to sight New Zealand, in 1840, representatives of Britain and Māori chiefs signed the Treaty of Waitangi, which declared British sovereignty over the islands. In 1841, New Zealand became a colony within the British Empire, today, the majority of New Zealands population of 4.7 million is of European descent, the indigenous Māori are the largest minority, followed by Asians and Pacific Islanders. Reflecting this, New Zealands culture is derived from Māori and early British settlers. The official languages are English, Māori and New Zealand Sign Language, New Zealand is a developed country and ranks highly in international comparisons of national performance, such as health, education, economic freedom and quality of life. Since the 1980s, New Zealand has transformed from an agrarian, Queen Elizabeth II is the countrys head of state and is represented by a governor-general. In addition, New Zealand is organised into 11 regional councils and 67 territorial authorities for local government purposes, the Realm of New Zealand also includes Tokelau, the Cook Islands and Niue, and the Ross Dependency, which is New Zealands territorial claim in Antarctica. New Zealand is a member of the United Nations, Commonwealth of Nations, ANZUS, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, Pacific Islands Forum, and Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation. Dutch explorer Abel Tasman sighted New Zealand in 1642 and called it Staten Landt, in 1645, Dutch cartographers renamed the land Nova Zeelandia after the Dutch province of Zeeland. British explorer James Cook subsequently anglicised the name to New Zealand, Aotearoa is the current Māori name for New Zealand. It is unknown whether Māori had a name for the country before the arrival of Europeans. Māori had several names for the two main islands, including Te Ika-a-Māui for the North Island and Te Waipounamu or Te Waka o Aoraki for the South Island. Early European maps labelled the islands North, Middle and South, in 1830, maps began to use North and South to distinguish the two largest islands and by 1907, this was the accepted norm. The New Zealand Geographic Board discovered in 2009 that the names of the North Island and South Island had never been formalised and this set the names as North Island or Te Ika-a-Māui, and South Island or Te Waipounamu
19.
Mark Waugh
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Mark Edward Waugh AM is a former Australian cricketer, who represented Australia in Test matches from early 1991 to late 2002, and made his One-Day International debut in 1988. Waugh is regarded as one of the most elegant and gifted stroke makers ever to play the game, Waugh is often nicknamed Junior as he is younger than his twin brother Steve by a few minutes. Dean Waugh, another of Marks brothers, is also a cricketer, having played first-class and he is currently a national selector. Waugh was primarily a batsman, batting in the No.4 position in Test matches, and was also a handy medium pace bowler. He is regarded as one of the best slip fielders ever to play cricket and he began as an all-rounder in the Australian ODI team, but he later focussed on batting and progressed to opening the batting, where he excelled and became Australias leading one day runscorer. He became the leading Australian run-scorer and century maker in ODIs during the 1999 tournament, following his debut Test century, Australian coach Bob Simpson compared Waughs elegance to that of Archie Jackson. Mark Taylor called Waugh the best-looking leg-side player Ive seen in my time, anything drifting into his pads is hit beautifully. His facile grace also lead to accusations that he was a batsman who was vulnerable to soft dismissals. Waugh is the fraternal twin brother of Steve Waugh, with whom he played for most of his career. They hold the record for the most Test and ODI matches in which appeared together. Born at Canterbury Hospital in Campsie, New South Wales on 2 June 1965, Waugh was one of boys born to Rodger. He arrived four minutes after Steve and his father was a bank official and his mother was a teacher within the New South Wales Department of Education. The family settled in the western Sydney suburb of Panania, the twins were later joined by two more brothers, Dean and Danny. From an early age, the parents introduced their children to sport, by the age of six, the twins were playing organised soccer, tennis and cricket. In their first cricket match, the brothers were both dismissed for ducks, the twins came from a sporting family. Their paternal grandfather Edward was a greyhound trainer, raised in the northern coastal town of Bangalow, Edward earned selection for the New South Wales Country team in rugby league. He was about to join Eastern Suburbs in the New South Wales Rugby League, Rodger was Edwards only son and was promising tennis player, who was ranked eighth in Australia in his junior years and was the state champion at under-14 level. On the maternal side, Bev was a player who won the under-14 singles at the South Australian Championships
20.
Shane Warne
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Shane Keith Warne is an Australian former international cricketer, widely regarded as one of the best bowlers in the history of the game. He was named one of the Wisden Cricketers of the Year in the 1994 Wisden Cricketers Almanack and he was the Wisden Leading Cricketer in the World 1997. He was named Wisden Leading Cricketer in the World for the year 2004 in 2005 Wisden Cricketers Almanack and he is also a cricket commentator and a professional poker player. He officially retired from all formats in July 2013, Warne played his first Test match in 1992, and took over 1000 international wickets, second to this milestone after Sri Lankas Muttiah Muralitharan. Warnes 708 Test wickets was the record for the most wickets taken by any bowler in Test cricket, as well as the Australian National Cricket Team, he also played Australian domestic cricket for his home state of Victoria, and English domestic cricket for Hampshire. He was captain of Hampshire for three seasons, from 2005 to 2007 and he retired from international cricket in January 2007, at the end of Australias 5–0 Ashes series victory over England. Following his retirement from cricket, Warne played a full season at Hampshire in 2007. In March 2008, Warne signed to play in the Indian Premier League for the Jaipur team, Rajasthan Royals in the first edition of the tournament and he led his team to victory against the Chennai Super Kings in a cliffhanger of a final match on 1 June 2008. Shane Warne was born to Keith and Bridgette Warne on 13 September 1969 in Upper Ferntree Gully, Victoria and he attended Hampton High School from Grades 7–9, after which he was offered a sports scholarship to attend Mentone Grammar. Warne spent his three years of school at Mentone. His first representative honours came when in 1983/84 season he represented University of Melbourne Cricket Club in the then Victorian Cricket Association under 16 Dowling Shield competition and he bowled a mixture of leg-spin and off-spin and was also a handy lower order batsman. The following season he joined the St Kilda Cricket Club near his home suburb of Black Rock and he started in the lower elevens and over a number of seasons progressed to the first eleven. During the cricket offseason in 1987 Warne played five games of Australian rules football for the St Kilda Football Clubs under 19 team. In 1988 Warne once again played for the St Kilda Football Clubs under 19 team before being upgraded to the reserves team, following the 1988 Victorian Football League season Warne was delisted by St Kilda and began to focus solely on cricket. He was later chosen to train at the AIS Australian Cricket Academy in 1990 in Adelaide, Warne joined English team Accrington Cricket Club in 1991. He enjoyed a season with the ball, taking 73 wickets at 15.4 each. The committee at Accrington Cricket Club decided not to him for the 1992 Lancashire League season as he was not seen to be good enough. Warne made his first-class cricket debut on 15 February 1991, taking 0/61 and he was then selected for the Australia B team which toured Zimbabwe in September 1991
21.
New Zealand national cricket team
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The New Zealand cricket team, nicknamed the Black Caps, are the national cricket team representing New Zealand. They played their first Test in 1930 against England in Christchurch, New Zealand, from 1930 New Zealand had to wait until 1956, more than 26 years, for its first test victory, against the West Indies at Eden Park in Auckland. They played their first ODI in the 1972–73 season against Pakistan in Christchurch, the current Test, One-day and Twenty20 captain is Kane Williamson, who replaced Brendon McCullum who announced his retirement in late December,2015. The national team is organised by New Zealand Cricket, the New Zealand cricket team became known as the Black Caps in January 1998, after its sponsor at the time, Clear Communications, held a competition to choose a name for the team. Official New Zealand Cricket sources typeset the nickname as BLACKCAPS and this is one of many national team nicknames related to the All Blacks. As of February 2017, New Zealand have played 419 Test matches, winning 89, losing 169, as of February 2017, the New Zealand cricket team is ranked 5th in Tests, 3rd in ODIs and 1st in T20Is by the ICC. New Zealand reached the final match in the ICC Cricket World Cup for the first time in its history, darwin in The Voyage of the Beagle wrote, several young men redeemed by the missionaires from slavery were employed on the farm. In the evening I saw a party of them at cricket, the first recorded game of cricket in New Zealand took place in Wellington in December 1842. The Wellington Spectator reports a game on 28 December 1842 played by a Red team, the first fully recorded match was reported by the Examiner in Nelson between the Surveyors and Nelson in March 1844. The first team to tour New Zealand was Parrs all England XI in 1863–64, between 1864 and 1914,22 foreign teams toured New Zealand. England sent 6 teams, Australia 15 and one from Fiji, on 15–17 February 1894 the first team representing New Zealand played New South Wales at Lancaster Park in Christchurch. New South Wales won by 160 runs, New South Wales returned again in 1895–96 and New Zealand won the solitary game by 142 runs, its first victory. The New Zealand Cricket Council was formed towards the end of 1894, New Zealand played its first two internationals in 1904–05 against a star-studded Australia team containing such players as Victor Trumper, Warwick Armstrong and Clem Hill. They played 26 first class matches, mostly against county sides and they managed to beat Worcestershire, Glamorgan, Somerset, and Derbyshire. On the strength of the performances of this tour New Zealand was granted Test status, in 1929/30 the M. C. C toured NZ and played 4 Tests all of 3 days in duration. New Zealand lost its first Test match but drew the next 3, in the second Test Stewie Dempster and Jackie Mills put on 276 for the first wicket. This is still the highest partnership for New Zealand against England, New Zealands first Test after the war was against Australia in 1945/46. This game was not considered a Test at the time but it was granted Test status retrospectively by the International Cricket Council in March 1948
22.
Melbourne Stars
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The Melbourne Stars is an Australian Twenty20 cricket team based in Melbourne, Victoria that competes in Australias Twenty20 competition, the Big Bash League. The Stars wear a uniform and play their home matches at the Melbourne Cricket Ground. They are currently captained by Australian David Hussey and coached by former New Zealand captain Stephen Fleming, starman & Starlet are the official mascots of the Melbourne Stars. The Melbourne Derby – When the league began in 2011, Cricket Australia decided they would place two teams in Melbourne, with the core group of players for both sides coming from the Victoria cricket team, this rivalry automatically became widely anticipated in Melbourne. In the fifth season, during the first leg of the two derbies at the MCG, it drew a crowd of 80,883 which is the highest crowd for any domestic cricket match ever in the history of the sport. Melbourne Stars are sponsored by Optus, and National Storage in BBL06, BBL Sponsors, WBBL Sponsors, The Melbourne Stars WBBL team is captained by Meg Lanning
23.
Stephen Fleming
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Stephen Paul Fleming, ONZM is a former New Zealand cricketer, and captain of the New Zealand national cricket team, known as the Black Caps, in Test and one-day cricket. He retired from cricket on 26 March 2008. Fleming played in the 2008 Indian Premier League for the Chennai Super Kings after being signed for US$350,000, in February 2015 he was signed as coach of the Melbourne Stars of the Big Bash League. A left-handed batsman, Fleming made his Test debut in March 1994 against India winning the Man of the Match award on debut after scoring 92. In 1995 he survived controversy when he was caught and admitted to smoking marijuana with teammates Matthew Hart, in Englands tour of New Zealand in 1996/97 he scored his maiden Test century in the First Test at Auckland. In the Third Test of the tour he took over the captaincy from Lee Germon becoming New Zealands youngest captain at 23 years and 321 days, Fleming became New Zealands most successful captain in September 2000 with a victory over Zimbabwe. This was the 12th win under his captaincy overtaking Geoff Howarth, Fleming was regarded by some as an underperformer with the bat, with one of the worst 50 to 100 conversion ratios in world cricket. Arguably Flemings best ODI innings was his unbeaten 134 to help New Zealand beat hosts South Africa in the 2003 Cricket World Cup. Chasing a rain adjusted target of 229 off 39 overs, Fleming hit 134 off just 132 deliveries as New Zealand cruised to a 9-wicket victory over a team they had struggled against in the past, Fleming has played county cricket in England for Middlesex, Yorkshire and Nottinghamshire. He captained Nottinghamshire to County Championship victory in 2005, their first Championship title in 18 years. In the second Test between New Zealand and South Africa at Newlands, Cape Town in April 2006, Fleming scored his 3rd Test double-century and became the first New Zealander to achieve this feat. Fleming scored 262 as he and Wellington team-mate James Franklin put 256 runs for the 8th wicket and it is also a New Zealand record for the 8th wicket against any country. On 24 April 2007, Fleming resigned as the ODI captain of the Blackcaps, the announcement was made in a post-match press conference held after the Semi-Final defeat to Sri Lanka in the 2007 Cricket World Cup. After Flemings last match as captain, Mahela Jayawardene added a tribute, stephens been a great leader for New Zealand for some time, and you could learn a lot from him. Over a decade of leading the side he finished with 218 games,98 wins,106 losses, there was speculation in 2007 that he might join controversial Indian rebel Twenty20 league, the Indian Cricket League. As of April 2007, Fleming had captained New Zealand in 80 Test matches—a New Zealand record, as a fielder, Fleming took over 170 catches giving him the 3rd highest Test aggregate for a non-wicketkeeper. In September 2007, Fleming was replaced by Daniel Vettori as the New Zealand Test captain and he also left English county Nottinghamshire after three years as captain. He played well in his series, scoring 297 in six innings
24.
Daniel Vettori
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Daniel Luca Vettori, ONZM is a former New Zealand cricketer who played for the New Zealand cricket team in all formats and a former captain in all formats. He was the captain of New Zealand between 2007 and 2011, Vettori is the eighth player in Test history to take 300 wickets and score 3,000 runs. Vettori was a bowling all-rounder who bowled slow left-arm orthodox spin and he is known for his accuracy, flight and guile rather than prodigious turn, and also his speed variation. He has a Test batting average of around 30 which made him one of the more consistent batsmen in the New Zealand cricket team, in the fourth season of Indian Premier League, he was contracted by Royal Challengers Bangalore for US$550,000. He is currently the coach of the Royal Challengers Bangalore in the IPL. Vettori announced his retirement from all forms of cricket following the 2015 Cricket World Cup. On April 2,2015, Vettori signed a 3-year contract to head coach of Brisbane Heat. He is currently the coach of the Royal Challengers Bangalore in the IPL. He was born in Auckland and brought up in Hamilton, attending Marian School, when available, he plays provincial cricket for Northern Districts and is also an international member of Indian Premier League team the Royal Challengers Bangalore. Vettori also represents the Brisbane Heat in the Big Bash League and he took his 300th Test wicket in Sri Lanka in 2009, becoming only the second New Zealand bowler to pass that mark and he is currently New Zealands leading ODI wicket-taker. Vettori has three 10 wicket hauls in Test cricket, against Sri Lanka, Australia and Bangladesh and his best innings figures were achieved at Auckland in 1999–2000 against Australia where he took 7/87. He finished with career best match figures in game, taking 12/149. They are the second best ever by a New Zealander, with only Richard Hadlee having taken more in a match, with another 12 wicket effort, against Bangladesh in Chittagong, he became the only New Zealander to have taken a dozen wickets in a Test on two occasions. Vettori is the first left arm spinner in cricket history to take 300+ wickets in both ODIs and Tests and he was also the first left arm spinner in test history to capture 350 test wickets. He is the bowler to have most frequently dismissed Shane Warne in Tests, getting him out nine times, ironically, in the 1st Test against Pakistan in 2009–10 season, Vettori was himself dismissed for 99, while chasing a world record in centuries batting from position number 8. As of the end of 2006, he had led New Zealand in 11 games and he captained New Zealand at the inaugural Twenty20 World Championship in South Africa. Subsequently, it was announced that Vettori would captain the Black Caps in all forms of the game, Twenty20s, ODIs, initially, he was announced to be captain only of the former two. Vettoris captaincy had a start, losing a Test series in England first up
25.
Melbourne Renegades
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The Melbourne Renegades is an Australian professional mens Twenty20 cricket team based in the Australian state, Victoria. They compete in Australias Twenty20 cricket competition, the Big Bash League and their home ground is Etihad Stadium. The Renegades wear a red cricket uniform, the Renegades were coached by Victorian Bushrangers 2010/11 One Day winning coach, Simon Helmot and captained by Victorian Bushrangers batsman, Aaron Finch. Aaron Finch was awarded Player of the Season in 2012–13 Big Bash League season after striking 332 runs at an average of 66.40, on 29 January 2015, the Renegades parted ways with Helmot. The following is the Renegades men squad for the 2016–17 Big Bash League season as of 31 December 2016, the Renegades foundation captain was Victorian all-rounder Andrew McDonald and coached by then Victorian Bushrangers one-day coach, Simon Helmot. In their first season, the Renegade signed local state players such as Aaron Finch, Glenn Maxwell, Brad Hodge and Dirk Nannes, along with Pakistani imports Shahid Afridi and Abdul Razzaq. The Renegades struggled in their first season, only winning two games against the Sydney Thunder and the Sydney Sixers respectively, Aaron Finch scored 259 runs, whilst Shahid Afridi took 10 wickets. The 2012–13 Big Bash League season saw the Renegades release several star players including the previous seasons captain, Aaron Finch also became the first Renegades player to score a century after scoring 111 from 65 balls against the Melbourne Stars. Finch also won the The Renegades were knocked out by the Brisbane Heat in the semi-finals, the poor run from the previous season resulted in the coach Simon Helmot being sacked. The Renegades hired David Saker as the new coach for the 2015–16 Big Bash League season, the Renegades also signed experienced players Cameron White, Xavier Doherty and Chris Gayle to strengthen their squad. The Melbourne Derby – When the league began in 2011, Cricket Australia decided they would place two teams in Melbourne, with the core group of players for both sides coming from the Victoria cricket team, this rivalry automatically became widely anticipated in Melbourne. In the fifth season, during the first leg of the two derbies at the MCG, it drew a crowd of 80,883 which is the highest crowd for any domestic cricket match ever in the history of the sport. The Renegades averaged 13,323 fans to their games for the inaugural BBL season. The average attendance increased by a margin in the third season when they registered an average crowd of 21,929. The fourth season had even better average crowd of 22,324 fans for their home matches and their highest home attendance was to the Melbourne Derby in their third BBL season, attracting 42,837 fans. The biggest non-home attendance in BBL history occurred in the 2015/2016 season against the Stars and their largest non-Derby attendance was 26,787, which came in their fifth BBL season against the Perth Scorchers. Renegades members have increased with every passing season. They reached their biggest membership mark ever for a two weeks before the start of the 2015–16 Big Bash League season
26.
Canberra
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Canberra is the capital city of Australia. With a population of 381,488, it is Australias largest inland city, the city is located at the northern end of the Australian Capital Territory,280 km south-west of Sydney, and 660 km north-east of Melbourne. A resident of Canberra is known as a Canberran, the site of Canberra was selected for the location of the nations capital in 1908 as a compromise between rivals Sydney and Melbourne, Australias two largest cities. It is unusual among Australian cities, being a planned city outside of any state, similar to Washington, D. C. in the United States. Following an international contest for the design, a blueprint by American architects Walter Burley Griffin and Marion Mahony Griffin was selected. The Griffins plan featured geometric motifs such as circles, hexagons and triangles, the citys design was influenced by the garden city movement and incorporates significant areas of natural vegetation that have earned Canberra the title of the bush capital. Although the Australian Capital Territory is now self-governing, the Commonwealth Government retains some influence through the National Capital Authority, the Australian Armys officer corps is trained at the Royal Military College, Duntroon and the Australian Defence Force Academy is also located in the capital. The ACT is independent of any state to prevent any one state from gaining an advantage by hosting the seat of Commonwealth power, the ACT has voting representation in the Commonwealth Parliament, and has its own independent Legislative Assembly and government, similar to the states. Compared to the averages, the unemployment rate is lower. Property prices are high, in part due to comparatively restrictive development regulations. An 1830s map of the region by Major Mitchell indeed does mark the Sullivans Creek floodplain between two mountains as Nganbra. Nganbra or Nganbira could readily have been anglicised to the name Canberry, survey plans of the district dated 1837 refer to the area as the Canberry Plain. Although popularly pronounced /ˈkænbərə/ or /ˈkænbɛrə/, the pronunciation at its official naming in 1913 was /ˈkæn. brə/. Before white settlement, the area in which Canberra would eventually be constructed was seasonally inhabited by Indigenous Australians, archaeological evidence of settlement in the region includes inhabited rock shelters, rock paintings and engravings, burial places, camps and quarry sites, and stone tools and arrangements. Artefacts suggests early human activity occurred at some point in the area 21,000 years previously, European exploration and settlement started in the Canberra area as early as the 1820s. There were four expeditions between 1820 and 1824, white settlement of the area probably dates from 1823, when a homestead or station was built on what is now the Acton peninsula by stockmen employed by Joshua John Moore. He formally applied to purchase the site on 16 December 1826, on 30 April 1827, Moore was told by letter that he could retain possession of 1,000 acres at Canberry. The European population in the Canberra area continued to grow throughout the 19th century
27.
Geelong
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Geelong is a port city located on Corio Bay and the Barwon River, in the state of Victoria, Australia,75 kilometres south-west of the state capital, Melbourne. It is the second largest Victorian city, with an urban population of 191,440 as at June 2016. Geelong runs from the plains of Lara in the north to the hills of Waurn Ponds to the south, with Corio Bay to the east. Geelong is the centre for the City of Greater Geelong municipality. Geelong was named in 1827, with the derived from the local Wathaurong Aboriginal name for the region, Jillong. The area was first surveyed in 1838, three weeks after Melbourne, the post office was open by June 1840. The first woolstore was erected in this period and it became the port for the industry of the Western District. During the gold rush, Geelong experienced a boom as the main port to the rich goldfields of the Ballarat district. The city then diversified into manufacturing, and during the 1860s, it one of the largest manufacturing centres in Australia with its wool mills, ropeworks. Population increases over the last decade were due to growth in service industries, redevelopment of the inner city has occurred since the 1990s, as well as gentrification of inner suburbs, and currently has a population growth rate higher than the national average. It is known for being home to the Geelong Football Club, today, Geelong stands as an emerging health, education and advanced manufacturing hub. The area of Geelong and the Bellarine Peninsula was originally occupied by the Wathaurong Indigenous Australian tribe, the first nonindigenous person recorded as visiting the region was Lt. John Murray, who commanded the brig HMS Lady Nelson. After anchoring outside Port Phillip Heads, on 1 February 1802, led by John Bowen, they explored the immediate area, returning to the Lady Nelson on 4 February. On reporting favourable findings, the Lady Nelson entered Port Phillip on 14 February, during this time, Murray explored the Geelong area and, whilst on the far side of the bay, claimed the entire area for Britain. He named the bay Port King, after Philip Gidley King, Governor King later renamed the bay Port Phillip after the first governor of New South Wales, Arthur Phillip. Arriving not long after Murray was Matthew Flinders, who entered Port Phillip on 27 April 1802, in October of the same year, the HMS Calcutta led by Lieutenant Colonel David Collins arrived in the bay to establish the Sullivan Bay penal colony. Collins was dissatisfied with the chosen, and sent a small party led by First Lieutenant J. H. Tuckey to investigate alternate sites. The party spent 22 October to 27 October on the shore of Corio Bay
28.
Gold Coast, Queensland
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Gold Coast is a coastal city in the Australian state of Queensland, approximately 66 kilometres south-southeast of the state capital Brisbane and immediately north of the border with New South Wales. With a census-estimated 2016 population of 638,090, The Gold Coast is the sixth-largest city in Australia, making it the largest non-capital city, the first settlement in what is now South East Queensland was as a penal colony at Redcliffe. The Gold Coast region remained uninhabited by Europeans until 1823 when explorer John Oxley landed at Mermaid Beach. The hinterlands red cedar supply attracted people to the area in the mid-19th century, later in 1875, Southport was surveyed and established and grew a reputation as a secluded holiday destination for wealthy Brisbane residents. The Gold Coast region grew significantly after the establishment of the Surfers Paradise hotel in the late 1920s and it is also the major film production hub for Queensland. Gold Coast will host the 2018 Commonwealth Games, lieutenant James Cook became the first European to note the region when he sailed along the coast on 16 May 1770 in the HM Bark Endeavour. Captain Matthew Flinders, an explorer charting the continent north from the colony of New South Wales, escaped convicts from the Moreton Bay penal settlement hid in the region. The region remained uninhabited by Europeans until 1823 when explorer John Oxley landed at Mermaid Beach. The hinterlands red cedar supply attracted people to the area in the mid-19th century, a number of small townships developed along coast and in the hinterland. The western suburb of Nerang was surveyed and established as a base for the industry, by 1873, the town reserve of Burleigh Heads had also been surveyed and successful land sales had taken place. Southport quickly grew a reputation as a holiday destination for wealthy Brisbane residents. Gold Coast was originally known as the South Coast, however, inflated prices for real estate and other goods and services led to the nickname of Gold Coast from 1950. South Coast locals initially considered the name Gold Coast derogatory, however, soon the Gold Coast simply became a convenient way to refer to the holiday strip from Southport to Coolangatta. As the tourism grew into the 1950s, local businesses began to adopt the term in their names. The area was proclaimed a city less than one year later, in 2007, Gold Coast overtook the population of Newcastle, New South Wales to become the sixth largest city in Australia and the largest non-capital city. The Gold Coast is approximately covered by forests of various types. This includes small patches of near-pristine ancient rainforest, mangrove-covered islands, of the plantation pine forests that were planted in the 1950s and 1960s, when commercial forest planting for tax minimisation was encouraged by the Commonwealth government, tiny remnants remain. Gold Coast City lies in the southeast corner of Queensland, to the south of Brisbane, the Albert River separates Gold Coast from Logan City, a suburban area of Brisbane
29.
Women's Big Bash League
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The Womens Big Bash League is the Australian womens domestic Twenty20 cricket competition. The WBBL replaced the WNCL Australian Womens Twenty20 Cup, which ran from the 2007–08 season through to the 2014–15 season, the competition features eight city-based franchises, branded identically to the franchises in the mens Big Bash League. A number of matches during the competitions inaugural 2015–16 season were broadcast by Network Ten, the naming rights sponsor for the WBBL is Rebel Sport. The current champions are the Sydney Sixers, in early 2014, the formation of an international womens Twenty20 competition, based around the franchise model of the Indian Premier League was announced. The concept was dealt a blow in early June, when the England, at the same time, Cricket Australia announced it would also refuse to release its players for the tournament. Both organisations expressed concern that the tournament was not being run by a national cricket board. Before the establishment of the Womens Big Bash League, Cricket Australia conducted a national Twenty20 competition, the competition ran from 2009-2010 season to the 2014-2015 season, with some exhibition games being held in 2007-2008 and 2008-2009. The competition was wound up after the 2014-2015 season to make way for the Womens Big Bash League, former Australian national captain Belinda Clark revealed on 19 January 2014 the planning for a womens BBL was in its early stages but it could become a reality very soon. They are considering it for the rise in television ratings in the BBL03 season. On 19 February 2015, Cricket Australia announced that a Womens Big Bash League would commence in season 2015/2016, the format and draw of the tournament are yet to be revealed. Cricket Australia executive Mike McKenna said, Our goal is to see become the sport of choice for women and girls across the nation. The competition features the same eight city-based franchises that is in the Big Bash League, each states capital city features one team, with Sydney and Melbourne featuring two. TV ratings success encouraged the Ten network to also add coverage of the semi-finals, the WBBL commentary team was led by Andrew Maher with former Australian players Mel Jones and Lisa Sthalekar. The commentary team will again be led by Andrew Maher and feature Mel Jones and Lisa Sthalekar alongside Jason Bennett, the following WBBL matches will be televised on Channel Ten and One. com
30.
Women's cricket
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Womens cricket is the form of the team sport of cricket that is played by women. The first recorded match was in England on 26 July 1745, the first recorded match of womens cricket was reported in The Reading Mercury on 26 July 1745, a match contested between eleven maids of Bramley and eleven maids of Hambledon, all dressed in white. The first known cricket club was formed in 1887 in Yorkshire. Three years later a team known as the Original English Lady Cricketers toured England, in Australia, a womens cricket league was set up in 1894, while in South Africa, Port Elizabeth had a womens cricket team, the Pioneers Cricket Club. In Canada, Victoria also had a cricket team that played at Beacon Hill Park. In 2005, the IWCC was merged with the International Cricket Council to form one unified body to help manage, Womens cricket has been played internationally since the inaugural womens Test match between England women and Australia women in December 1934. The following year, New Zealand women joined them, and in 2007 Netherlands women became the tenth womens Test nation when they made their debut against South Africa women. Since 1973, womens One Day Internationals have also contested. In the years since the inception of womens ODIs more than eight times more of this format has been played than womens Test cricket, the Womens Cricket World Cup has been held nine times, with Australia, England and New Zealand sharing the titles. In 2004, a format still was introduced, with the introduction of womens Twenty20 International. Initially, womens Twenty20 cricket was played little at international level, however, the following three years saw a rapid growth, with six matches been played in 2007, ten in 2008 and thirty in 2009, which also saw the first ICC Womens World Twenty20. The ICC Womens Rankings were launched on 1 October 2015 covering all three formats of womens cricket, the ranking system gives equal weight to results of Test, ODI, and T20 matches. It was designed by statistician and ICC Cricket Committee member David Kendix, for example, on 1 October 2014, the matches played between October 2010 and October 2011 were removed, and the matches played between October 2012 and October 2013 switched to 50% weighting. This happens overnight, so can result in teams changing positions in the table despite no one playing. The ICC provides ratings for the end of each back to October 2015
31.
Christmas
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In several countries, celebrating Christmas Eve on December 24 has the main focus rather than December 25, with gift-giving and sharing a traditional meal with the family. Although the month and date of Jesus birth are unknown, by the fourth century the Western Christian Church had placed Christmas on December 25. Today, most Christians celebrate on December 25 in the Gregorian calendar and this is not a disagreement over the date of Christmas as such, but rather a preference of which calendar should be used to determine the day that is December 25. Although it is not known why December 25 became a date of celebration, December 25 was the date the Romans marked as the winter solstice, the shortest, and therefore darkest day of the year. Jesus was identified with the Sun based on an Old Testament verse, the date is exactly nine months following Annunciation, when the conception of Jesus is celebrated. Finally, the Romans had a series of pagan festivals near the end of the year, so Christmas may have been scheduled at this time to appropriate, or compete with, one or more of these festivals. The celebratory customs associated in various countries with Christmas have a mix of pre-Christian, Christian, the economic impact of Christmas has grown steadily over the past few centuries in many regions of the world. Christmas is a form of Christs mass. It is derived from the Middle English Cristemasse, which is from Old English Crīstesmæsse, crīst is from Greek Khrīstos, a translation of Hebrew Māšîaḥ, Messiah, meaning anointed, and mæsse is from Latin missa, the celebration of the Eucharist. The form Christenmas was also used, but is now considered archaic and dialectal, it derives from Middle English Cristenmasse. In addition to Christmas, the holiday has been known by other names throughout its history. The Anglo-Saxons referred to the feast as midwinter, or, more rarely, Nativity, meaning birth, is from Latin nātīvitās. In Old English, Gēola referred to the corresponding to December and January. Noel entered English in the late 14th century and is from the Old French noël or naël, itself ultimately from the Latin nātālis, the canonical gospels of Luke and Matthew both describe Jesus as being born in Bethlehem in Judea, to a virgin mother. In the Gospel of Luke account, Joseph and Mary travel from Nazareth to Bethlehem for the census and it says that angels proclaimed him a savior for all people, and shepherds came to adore him. In the Matthew account, magi follow a star to Bethlehem to bring gifts to Jesus, King Herod orders the massacre of all the boys less than two years old in Bethlehem, but the family flees to Egypt and later settles in Nazareth. The Nativity stories of Matthew and Luke are prominent in the gospels, the first recorded Christmas celebration was in Rome in 336. Christmas played a role in the Arian controversy of the fourth century, the feast regained prominence after 800, when Charlemagne was crowned emperor on Christmas Day
32.
Manuka Oval
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Manuka Oval is a sporting venue in Canberra, the capital of Australia. It is located in Griffith, in the area of that suburb known as Manuka, Manuka Oval has a seating capacity of 13,550 people and an overall capacity of 16,000 people, although this is lower for some sports depending on the configuration used. The area on which the ground is situated has been used for sport since the early 20th century and it has since undergone several redevelopments, most recently beginning in 2011. Currently, Manuka Oval is primarily used for cricket and Australian rules football, the ground was previously also used for rugby league and rugby union matches, but there are now more suitable venues in Canberra for those sports. As a cricket ground, Manuka Oval is the venue for the ACT Comets and the ACT Meteors teams. As an Australian rules football ground, Manuka Ovals primary tenant is the Eastlake Football Club, the ground has also hosted occasional home matches for teams in the Australian Football League, most notably the North Melbourne Football Club and the Greater Western Sydney Giants. The oval was originally a park known as Manuka Circle Park. The park and nearby shopping centre were named after the Leptospermum scopariums Māori name, there was a push for the park to become an enclosed oval starting in 1926 by various sports groups. Work began on Manuka Oval to erect a fence, along with improvements made in 1929. The field had previously used to casually play rugby league. The first cricket pitch was played on in April 1930, the Bradman Pavilion, the ovals main stand, was constructed in 1962 in honour of Sir Donald Bradman. In 2004, Manuka Oval celebrated the 75th anniversary of its formal establishment, the first cricket match to be played at the oval was on Easter Monday,13 April 1930. In 1992, the ground hosted its first One Day International match between South Africa and Zimbabwe as part of the 1992 Cricket World Cup, but otherwise remained largely unused for top level cricket. The ground is home to the Canberra Comets, who played in the Mercantile Mutual Cup from the 1997–98 season to the 1999–2000 season, the team now plays in the Futures League. The venue sought to host its first Test match in the year 2013 to celebrate the 100th anniversary of the establishment of the city of Canberra, the ground hosted the final of the 2014–15 KFC T20 Big Bash on 28 January 2015. Manuka Oval was the ground of the Manuka Football Club, an Australian Capital Territory Football League club, from 1928 to 1991. The merged club, which retained the Eastlake name, continues to play games at Manuka Oval. The oval has served as a venue for Australian Football League matches since 1998
33.
Sheffield Shield
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The Sheffield Shield is the domestic first-class cricket competition of Australia. The tournament is contested between teams from the six states of Australia, prior to the Shield being established, a number of intercolonial matches were played. The Shield, donated by Lord Sheffield, was first contested during the 1892–93 season, queensland was admitted for the 1926–27 season, Western Australia for the 1947–48 season and Tasmania for the 1977–78 season. The competition is contested in a double-round robin format, with each playing every other team in two home-and-away matches. Points are awarded based on wins, losses, draws and ties, regular matches last for four days, the final lasts for five days. New South Wales have won the most titles, with 46 overall, in 1891–92 the Earl of Sheffield was in Australia as the promoter of the English team led by W. G. Grace. The tour included three Tests played in Melbourne, Sydney and Adelaide, at the conclusion of the tour, Lord Sheffield donated £150 to the New South Wales Cricket Association to fund a trophy for an annual tournament of intercolonial cricket in Australia. The three colonies of New South Wales, Victoria and South Australia were already playing each other in ad hoc matches, the new tournament commenced in the summer of 1892/93, mandating home and away fixtures between each colony each season. The three teams competed for the Sheffield Shield, named after its benefactor, a Polish immigrant, Phillip Blashki, won the competition to design the trophy, a 43 x 30-inch silver shield. The competition therefore commenced some 15 years after Australias first Test match, in 1999, the Australian Cricket Board announced a sponsorship deal which included renaming the Sheffield Shield to the Pura Milk Cup, then to the Pura Cup the following season. Pura is a name of National Foods, a wholly owned subsidiary of the Philippines-based San Miguel Corporation. The sponsorship increased total prize money to A$220,000, with the winners receiving A$75,000. Weet-bix is a cereal biscuit manufactured by Sanitarium Health Food Company, in the 2011–12 season, Bupa took over the sponsorship for the competition. A Each team has used several venues to host matches, for a full list, see list of cricket grounds in Australia. Queensland and South Australia played only once in 1926/27, Western Australia played each team only once from their debut in 1946/47 until 1955/56 inclusive. Tasmania played each team only once from their debut in 1977/78 until 1981/82 inclusive, where the teams played an unequal number of games, their final points were calculated on a pro-rata basis. Matches were timeless up to 1926/27, a 4-day time limit has applied since 1927/28. Since 1982/83, the top two teams after the 10 home and away rounds have met in a final, the team with the most points hosts the final against the second ranked team
34.
Sydney
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Sydney /ˈsɪdni/ is the state capital of New South Wales and the most populous city in Australia and Oceania. Located on Australias east coast, the metropolis surrounds the worlds largest natural harbour, residents of Sydney are known as Sydneysiders. The Sydney area has been inhabited by indigenous Australians for at least 30,000 years, the first British settlers, led by Captain Arthur Phillip, arrived in 1788 to found Sydney as a penal colony, the first European settlement in Australia. Since convict transportation ended in the century, the city has transformed from a colonial outpost into a major global cultural. As at June 2016 Sydneys estimated population was 5,005,358, in the 2011 census,34 percent of the population reported having been born overseas, representing many different nationalities and making Sydney one of the most multicultural cities in the world. There are more than 250 different languages spoken in Sydney and about one-third of residents speak a language other than English at home and it is classified as an Alpha+ World City by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network, indicating its influence in the region and throughout the world. Ranked eleventh in the world for economic opportunity, Sydney has a market economy with strengths in finance, manufacturing. Its gross regional product was $337 billion in 2013, the largest in Australia, there is a significant concentration of foreign banks and multinational corporations in Sydney and the city is promoted as one of Asia Pacifics leading financial hubs. Its natural features include Sydney Harbour, the Royal National Park, man-made attractions such as the Sydney Opera House, Sydney Tower and the Sydney Harbour Bridge are also well known to international visitors. The first people to inhabit the now known as Sydney were indigenous Australians having migrated from northern Australia. Radiocarbon dating suggests human activity first started to occur in the Sydney area from around 30,735 years ago, the earliest British settlers called them Eora people. Eora is the term the indigenous used to explain their origins upon first contact with the British. Its literal meaning is from this place, prior to the arrival of the British there were 4,000 to 8,000 native people in Sydney from as many as 29 different clans. Sydney Cove from Port Jackson to Petersham was inhabited by the Cadigal clan, the principal language groups were Darug, Guringai, and Dharawal. The earliest Europeans to visit the area noted that the people were conducting activities such as camping and fishing, using trees for bark and food, collecting shells. Development has destroyed much of the citys history including that of the first inhabitants, there continues to be examples of rock art and engravings located in the protected Ku-ring-gai Chase National Park. The first meeting between the people and the British occurred on 29 April 1770 when Lieutenant James Cook landed at Botany Bay on the Kurnell Peninsula. He noted in his journal that they were confused and somewhat hostile towards the foreign visitors, Cook was on a mission of exploration and was not commissioned to start a settlement
35.
Melbourne
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Melbourne is the capital and most populous city of the Australian state of Victoria, and the second-most populous city in Australia and Oceania. The name Melbourne refers to an urban agglomeration spanning 9,900 km2, the metropolis is located on the large natural bay of Port Phillip and expands into the hinterlands towards the Dandenong and Macedon mountain ranges, Mornington Peninsula and Yarra Valley. It has a population of 4,641,636 as of 2016, and its inhabitants are called Melburnians. Founded by free settlers from the British Crown colony of Van Diemens Land on 30 August 1835, in what was then the colony of New South Wales, it was incorporated as a Crown settlement in 1837. It was named Melbourne by the Governor of New South Wales, Sir Richard Bourke, in honour of the British Prime Minister of the day, William Lamb, 2nd Viscount Melbourne. It was officially declared a city by Queen Victoria, to whom Lord Melbourne was close, in 1847, during the Victorian gold rush of the 1850s, it was transformed into one of the worlds largest and wealthiest cities. After the federation of Australia in 1901, it served as the interim seat of government until 1927. It is a financial centre in the Asia-Pacific region. It is recognised as a UNESCO City of Literature and a centre for street art, music. It was the host city of the 1956 Summer Olympics and the 2006 Commonwealth Games, the main passenger airport serving the metropolis and the state is Melbourne Airport, the second busiest in Australia. The Port of Melbourne is Australias busiest seaport for containerised and general cargo, Melbourne has an extensive transport network. The main metropolitan train terminus is Flinders Street Station, and the regional train. Melbourne is also home to Australias most extensive network and has the worlds largest urban tram network. Before the arrival of settlers, humans had occupied the area for an estimated 31,000 to 40,000 years. At the time of European settlement, it was inhabited by under 2000 hunter-gatherers from three indigenous tribes, the Wurundjeri, Boonwurrung and Wathaurong. The area was an important meeting place for the clans of the Kulin nation alliance and it would be 30 years before another settlement was attempted. Batman selected a site on the bank of the Yarra River. Batman then returned to Launceston in Tasmania, in early August 1835 a different group of settlers, including John Pascoe Fawkner, left Launceston on the ship Enterprize
36.
Adelaide
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Adelaide is the capital city of the state of South Australia, and the fifth-most populous city of Australia. In June 2016, Adelaide had a resident population of 1,326,354 million. South Australia, with a total of 1, the demonym Adelaidean is used in reference to the city and its residents. Adelaide is north of the Fleurieu Peninsula, on the Adelaide Plains between the Gulf St Vincent and the low-lying Mount Lofty Ranges which surround the city. Adelaide stretches 20 km from the coast to the foothills, and 94 to 104 km from Gawler at its northern extent to Sellicks Beach in the south. Named in honour of Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen, queen consort to King William IV, Colonel William Light, one of Adelaides founding fathers, designed the city and chose its location close to the River Torrens, in the area originally inhabited by the Kaurna people. Lights design set out Adelaide in a layout, interspaced by wide boulevards and large public squares. Early Adelaide was shaped by prosperity and wealth—until the Second World War, it was Australias third-largest city and it has been noted for early examples of religious freedom, a commitment to political progressivism and civil liberties. It has been known as the City of Churches since the mid-19th century, as South Australias seat of government and commercial centre, Adelaide is the site of many governmental and financial institutions. Most of these are concentrated in the city centre along the boulevard of North Terrace, King William Street. Today, Adelaide is noted for its festivals and sporting events, its food and wine, its long beachfronts. It ranks highly in terms of liveability, being listed in the Top 10 of The Economist Intelligence Units Worlds Most Liveable Cities index in 2010,2011,2012 and 2015. It was also ranked the most liveable city in Australia by the Property Council of Australia in 2011,2012 and 2013, prior to its proclamation as a British settlement in 1836, the area around Adelaide was inhabited by the indigenous Kaurna Aboriginal nation. Kaurna culture and language was almost completely destroyed within a few decades of the European settlement of South Australia in 1836, however, extensive documentation by early missionaries and other researchers has enabled a modern revival of both language and culture. South Australia was officially proclaimed as a new British colony on 28 December 1836, the event is commemorated in South Australia as Proclamation Day. The site of the capital was surveyed and laid out by Colonel William Light. Adelaide was established as a colony of free immigrants, promising civil liberties and freedom from religious persecution. Wakefields idea was for the Government to survey and sell the land at a rate that would maintain land values high enough to be unaffordable for labourers and journeymen
37.
South Australia
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South Australia is a state in the southern central part of Australia. It covers some of the most arid parts of the country, with a total land area of 983,482 square kilometres, it is the fourth-largest of Australias states and territories. Other population centres in the state are relatively small, the state comprises less than 8 percent of the Australian population and ranks fifth in population among the six states and two territories. The majority of its people reside in Adelaide, most of the remainder are settled in fertile areas along the south-eastern coast and River Murray. The states colonial origins are unique in Australia as a settled, planned British province. Official settlement began on 28 December 1836, when the colony was proclaimed at the Old Gum Tree by Governor John Hindmarsh, as with the rest of the continent, the region had been long occupied by Aboriginal peoples, who were organised into numerous tribes and languages. The first British settlement to be established was Kingscote, Kangaroo Island, on 26 July 1836, the guiding principle behind settlement was that of systematic colonisation, a theory espoused by Edward Gibbon Wakefield that was later employed by the New Zealand Company. The goal was to establish the province as a centre of civilisation for free immigrants, promising civil liberties, although its history is marked by economic hardship, South Australia has remained politically innovative and culturally vibrant. Today, it is known for its wine and numerous cultural festivals. The states economy is dominated by the agricultural, manufacturing and mining industries, the state has an increasingly significant finance sector as well. Evidence of human activity in South Australia dates back as far as 20,000 years, with flint mining activity, in addition wooden spears and tools were made in an area now covered in peat bog in the South East. Kangaroo Island was inhabited long before the island was cut off by rising sea levels, thijssen named his discovery Pieter Nuyts Land, after the highest ranking individual on board. The complete coastline of South Australia was first mapped by Matthew Flinders, the land which now forms the state of South Australia was claimed for Britain in 1788 as part of the colony of New South Wales. Although the new colony included almost two-thirds of the continent, early settlements were all on the eastern coast and it took more than forty years before any serious proposal to establish settlements in the south-western portion of New South Wales were put forward. In 1834, the British Parliament passed the South Australia Act 1834, the act stated that 802,511 square kilometres would be allotted to the colony and it would be convict-free. In contrast to the rest of Australia, terra nullius did not apply to the new province, although the patent guaranteed land rights under force of law for the indigenous inhabitants it was ignored by the South Australian Company authorities and squatters. Settlement of seven vessels and 636 people was made at Kingscote on Kangaroo Island. The first immigrants arrived at Holdfast Bay in November 1836, the Colonisation Commissioners intended to establish a police service as soon as misconduct within the increasing population warranted it
38.
Adelaide Oval
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Adelaide Oval is a stadium in Adelaide, South Australia, located in the parklands between the city centre and North Adelaide. The stadium is used for cricket and Australian rules football, but also plays host to rugby league, rugby union, soccer. The Oval has been headquarters to the South Australian Cricket Association since 1871, the stadium is managed by the Adelaide Oval Stadium Management Authority. Redevelopments between 2008 and 2014, costing $575 million, increased the seating capacity from 34,000 to 53,583. The Adelaide and Port Adelaide Football Clubs also returned to the stadium, in 2010, Austadiums. com called the Adelaide Oval one of the most picturesque Test cricket grounds in Australia, if not the world. In December 2009 South Australian Premier Mike Rann announced a $450 million government commitment to redevelop Adelaide Oval to enable AFL Football to be played there, in May 2011 Treasurer Kevin Foley announced an increase in government funding to $535 million. 1871 - The ground was established in 1871 after the formation of SACA, among those responsible for the original construction were John Pickering and Henry Sparks. 1877 - The first South Australian Football Association match that took place on the ground was between Adelaide Football Club and the Bankers, Adelaide won the match 4 goals to 1. 1877 – The first first-class cricket match played at the ground between South Australia and Tasmania on 10 and 12 November 1877, South Australia was victorious, winning by an innings and 13 runs. 1878 – The first century was scored by John Hill on 30 January 1878, John was the father of the great Clem Hill. 1884 – The first Test match played at the Oval was held from 12–16 December 1884, England beat Australia by eight wickets. 1885 – The first football game lit by light was conducted on the evening of 1 July 1885. 1889 – The first Grand Final in a major Australian rules football competition was played between Norwood and Port Adelaide, Norwood won the game 7.4 to 5.9. 1894 – In 1894–95 Albert Trott collected 8/43 on debut against England,1900 – The picket fence was put up surrounding the Oval in 1900. 1911 – From 5–12 August 1911 the Australian Football Council Carnival was played at the ground, the competing sides were SA, VFL, VFA, Western Australia, Tasmania and New South Wales. 1911 – The Adelaide Oval scoreboard, designed by architect Kenneth Milne, the clock was added in 1912 and the windvane in the 1930s. 1914 - The Port Adelaide Football Club defeated the Carlton Football Club for their fourth Championship of Australia title defeating the Victorian side by 34 points,9.16 to 5.6. 1931 – In 1931–32 Donald Bradman scored the highest score ever at the ground in Test Cricket, in the same game, Clarrie Grimmett collected fourteen wickets, the most ever taken in a Test match at the ground by a bowler
39.
Jason Gillespie
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His primary role was as a right-arm fast bowler, but he was also a competent lower-order batsman with a Test double century, an unbeaten 201. He was an AIS Australian Cricket Academy scholarship holder in 1995 and he made his Test debut against the West Indies at Sydney in 1996 and his One Day International debut against Sri Lanka at Colombo in the Singer World Series in 1996. On 29 February 2008, Gillespie announced his retirement from cricket in Australia. At the end of the 2008 English domestic season he retired from all first-class cricket, as Yorkshire County Cricket Clubs first team coach from 2012 to 2016, he guided them to two County Championship titles. Jason Gillespie is a descendant on his fathers side of the Kamilaroi people of Indigenous Australians and he attended Cabra Dominican College in Adelaide, South Australia. The couple have four children, Jackson, Brandon Kingston and a daughter, Delaney, Gillespie has another daughter, Sapphire from a previous relationship. Gillespie took 259 wickets in 71 Tests making him Australias sixth-highest wicket-taker, in terms of pace, he bowled in the mid 140s-150 km/h mark in his early career up to about 2001. When he made his comeback in the 2000/01 season, he bowled more consistently, consistent injuries forced Gillespie to operate from a shorter run-up and therefore reduce his pace. Gillespie seldom dominated a Test series, but he was a support bowler over several years for his more famous teammates Glenn McGrath. However, Gillespies career suffered a sharp decline. In early 2005, there were signs that he was struggling, with somewhat poor displays against New Zealand. This poor form continued into the 2005 Ashes series where he struggled badly, after the Ashes series Gillespie took 40 wickets for South Australia during the 2005/06 Pura Cup Season. He was the fourth-highest wicket taker in the competition, with an average far below the leading wicket takers. His best figures came against Victoria where he took 7-35 and these performances saw him make a return to the Australian Test side against Bangladesh after injury problems to the first choice attack. Gillespie was named man of the series after taking 8 wickets, Gillespie occasionally proved his worth with the bat, with a highest Test score of 201 not out and an average of 18.73. He is the player in Test cricket with a career batting average of less than 20 to reach 200 runs in an innings. Also, given his low back lift, he could defend or deflect shots from spin bowlers more readily and he has a one-day international high score of 44 not out and he averages 12.56 in one-day internationals with an impressive strike rate of 78.53. In the second Test match against Bangladesh at Chittagong on 19 April 2006 and this was Gillespies maiden first-class century
40.
Brisbane
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Brisbane is the capital of and most populous city in the Australian state of Queensland, and the third most populous city in Australia. Brisbanes metropolitan area has a population of 2.35 million, the Brisbane central business district stands on the original European settlement and is situated inside a bend of the Brisbane River, about 15 kilometres from its mouth at Moreton Bay. The demonym of Brisbane is Brisbanite, one of the oldest cities in Australia, Brisbane was founded upon the ancient homelands of the indigenous Turrbal and Jagera peoples. A penal settlement was founded in 1824 at Redcliffe,28 kilometres north of the business district. The city was marred by the Australian frontier wars between 1843 and 1855, and development was set back by the Great Fire of Brisbane. Brisbane was chosen as the capital when Queensland was proclaimed a colony from New South Wales in 1859. During World War II, Brisbane played a role in the Allied campaign. Today, Brisbane is well known for its distinct Queenslander architecture which forms much of the built heritage. It also receives attention for its damaging flood events, most notably in 1974 and 2011. Several large cultural, international and sporting events have held at Brisbane, including the 1982 Commonwealth Games, World Expo 88, the final Goodwill Games in 2001. Prior to white settlement, the Brisbane area was inhabited by the Turrbal and they knew the area that is now the central business district as Mian-jin, meaning place shaped as a spike. The Moreton Bay area was explored by Matthew Flinders. On 17 July 1799, Flinders landed at what is now known as Woody Point, in 1823 Governor of New South Wales Sir Thomas Brisbane instructed that a new northern penal settlement be developed, and an exploration party led by John Oxley further explored Moreton Bay. Oxley discovered, named, and explored the Brisbane River as far as Goodna,20 kilometres upstream from the Brisbane central business district, Oxley recommended Red Cliff Point for the new colony, reporting that ships could land at any tide and easily get close to the shore. The party settled in Redcliffe on 13 September 1824, under the command of Lieutenant Henry Miller with 14 soldiers and 29 convicts. However, this settlement was abandoned after a year and the colony was moved to a site on the Brisbane River now known as North Quay,28 km south, chief Justice Forbes gave the new settlement the name of Edenglassie before it was named Brisbane. Non-convict European settlement of the Brisbane region commenced in 1838, German missionaries settled at Zions Hill, Nundah as early as 1837, five years before Brisbane was officially declared a free settlement. The band consisted of ministers Christopher Eipper and Carl Wilhelm Schmidt and lay missionaries Haussmann, Johann Gottried Wagner, Niquet, Hartenstein, Zillman, Franz, Rode, Doege and they were allocated 260 hectares and set about establishing the mission, which became known as the German Station
2018–19
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