1.
Heavy metal music
–
Heavy metal is a genre of rock music that developed in the late 1960s and early 1970s, largely in the United Kingdom and the United States. Heavy metal lyrics and performance styles are associated with aggression. The first heavy metal such as Led Zeppelin, Black Sabbath. During the mid-1970s, Judas Priest helped spur the evolution by discarding much of its blues influence, Motörhead introduced a punk rock sensibility. Beginning in the late 1970s, bands in the new wave of British heavy metal such as Iron Maiden, before the end of the decade, heavy metal fans became known as metalheads or headbangers. During the 1980s, glam metal became popular with such as Mötley Crüe. Since the mid-1990s popular styles have further expanded the definition of the genre and these include groove metal and nu metal, the latter of which often incorporates elements of grunge and hip hop. Heavy metal is characterized by loud distorted guitars, emphatic rhythms, dense bass-and-drum sound. Metal subgenres variously emphasize, alter, or omit one or more of these attributes, the typical band lineup includes a drummer, a bassist, a rhythm guitarist, a lead guitarist, and a singer, who may or may not be an instrumentalist. Keyboard instruments are used to enhance the fullness of the sound. Deep Purples Jon Lord played an overdriven Hammond organ, in 1970, John Paul Jones used a Moog synthesizer on Led Zeppelin III, by the 1990s, in. almost every subgenre of heavy metal synthesizers were used. The electric guitar and the power that it projects through amplification has historically been the key element in heavy metal. The heavy metal guitar sound comes from a use of high volumes. Guitar solos are an element of the heavy metal code. That underscores the significance of the guitar to the genre, most heavy metal songs featur at least one guitar solo, which is a primary means through which the heavy metal performer expresses virtuosity. One exception is nu metal bands, which tend to omit guitar solos, with rhythm guitar parts, the heavy crunch sound in heavy metal. Palm muting the strings with the hand and using distortion. Palm muting creates a tighter, more sound and it emphasizes the low end
Heavy metal music
–
Judas Priest, performing in 2005
Heavy metal music
–
Enid Williams from
Girlschool and
Lemmy from
Motörhead singing "Please Don't Touch" live in 2009. The ties that bind the two bands started in the 1980s and are still strong today.
Heavy metal music
–
Ritchie Blackmore, founder of
Deep Purple and
Rainbow, known for the neoclassical approach in his guitar performances
Heavy metal music
–
King Diamond, known for writing conceptual lyrics about horror stories
2.
Punk rock
–
Punk rock is a rock music genre that developed in the early to mid-1970s in the United States, United Kingdom, and Australia. Rooted in 1960s garage rock and other forms of what is now known as proto-punk music, Punk bands typically produced short or fast-paced songs, with hard-edged melodies and singing styles, stripped-down instrumentation, and often political, anti-establishment lyrics. Punk embraces a DIY ethic, many bands self-produce recordings and distribute them through informal channels, the term punk was first used in relation to rock music by some American critics in the early 1970s, to describe garage bands and their devotees. The following year saw punk rock spreading around the world, for the most part, punk took root in local scenes that tended to reject association with the mainstream. An associated punk subculture emerged, expressing youthful rebellion and characterized by distinctive styles of clothing and adornment, by the beginning of the 1980s, faster, more aggressive styles such as hardcore and street punk had become the predominant mode of punk rock. Musicians identifying with or inspired by punk also pursued a range of other variations, giving rise to post-punk. At the end of the 20th century, punk rock had been adopted by the mainstream, as pop punk and punk bands such as Green Day. The first wave of rock was aggressively modern, distancing itself from the bombast. According to Ramones drummer Tommy Ramone, In its initial form, unfortunately, what happens is that people who could not hold a candle to the likes of Hendrix started noodling away. Soon you had endless solos that went nowhere, by 1973, I knew that what was needed was some pure, stripped down, no bullshit rock n roll. In critic Robert Christgaus description, It was also a subculture that rejected the political idealism. Technical accessibility and a DIY spirit are prized in punk rock, in the early days of punk rock, this ethic stood in marked contrast to what those in the scene regarded as the ostentatious musical effects and technological demands of many mainstream rock bands. Musical virtuosity was often looked on with suspicion, according to Holmstrom, punk rock was rock and roll by people who didnt have very many skills as musicians but still felt the need to express themselves through music. In December 1976, the English fanzine Sideburns published an illustration of three chords, captioned This is a chord, this is another, this is a third. The title of a 1980 single by the New York punk band Stimulators, inscribed a catchphrase for punks basic musical approach. The previous year, when the rock revolution began in Great Britain, was to be both a musical and a cultural Year Zero. As a Clash associate describes singer Joe Strummers outlook, Punk rock is meant to be our freedom, were meant to be able to do what we want to do. Scholar Daniel S. Traber argues that attaining authenticity in the identity can be difficult, as the punk scene matured, he observes
Punk rock
–
The
Ramones ' 1976
debut album laid down the musical "blueprint for punk", while its cover image had a similarly formative influence on punk visual style.
Punk rock
–
Johnny Rotten and Steve Jones of the Sex Pistols
Punk rock
–
The Clash, performing in 1980
Punk rock
–
British punks, circa 1986
3.
Rock music
–
It has its roots in 1940s and 1950s rock and roll, itself heavily influenced by blues, rhythm and blues and country music. Rock music also drew strongly on a number of genres such as electric blues and folk. Musically, rock has centered on the guitar, usually as part of a rock group with electric bass guitar. Typically, rock is song-based music usually with a 4/4 time signature using a verse-chorus form, like pop music, lyrics often stress romantic love but also address a wide variety of other themes that are frequently social or political in emphasis. Punk was an influence into the 1980s on the subsequent development of subgenres, including new wave, post-punk. From the 1990s alternative rock began to rock music and break through into the mainstream in the form of grunge, Britpop. Similarly, 1970s punk culture spawned the visually distinctive goth and emo subcultures and this trio of instruments has often been complemented by the inclusion of other instruments, particularly keyboards such as the piano, Hammond organ and synthesizers. The basic rock instrumentation was adapted from the blues band instrumentation. A group of musicians performing rock music is termed a rock band or rock group, Rock music is traditionally built on a foundation of simple unsyncopated rhythms in a 4/4 meter, with a repetitive snare drum back beat on beats two and four. Melodies are often derived from older musical modes, including the Dorian and Mixolydian, harmonies range from the common triad to parallel fourths and fifths and dissonant harmonic progressions. Critics have stressed the eclecticism and stylistic diversity of rock, because of its complex history and tendency to borrow from other musical and cultural forms, it has been argued that it is impossible to bind rock music to a rigidly delineated musical definition. These themes were inherited from a variety of sources, including the Tin Pan Alley pop tradition, folk music and rhythm, as a result, it has been seen as articulating the concerns of this group in both style and lyrics. Christgau, writing in 1972, said in spite of some exceptions, rock and roll usually implies an identification of male sexuality, according to Simon Frith rock was something more than pop, something more than rock and roll. Rock musicians combined an emphasis on skill and technique with the concept of art as artistic expression, original. The foundations of music are in rock and roll, which originated in the United States during the late 1940s and early 1950s. Its immediate origins lay in a melding of various musical genres of the time, including rhythm and blues and gospel music, with country. In 1951, Cleveland, Ohio disc jockey Alan Freed began playing rhythm and blues music for a multi-racial audience, debate surrounds which record should be considered the first rock and roll record. Other artists with rock and roll hits included Chuck Berry, Bo Diddley, Fats Domino, Little Richard, Jerry Lee Lewis
Rock music
–
Red Hot Chili Peppers in 2006, showing a quartet lineup for a rock band (from left to right: bassist, lead vocalist, drummer, and guitarist).
Rock music
–
Elvis Presley in a promotion shot for
Jailhouse Rock in 1957
Rock music
–
Chubby Checker in 2005
Rock music
–
The Beach Boys performing in 1964
4.
Hip hop music
–
It developed as part of hip hop culture, a subculture defined by four key stylistic elements, MCing/rapping, DJing/scratching with turntables, break dancing, and graffiti writing. Other elements include sampling beats or bass lines from records, while often used to refer solely to rapping, hip hop more properly denotes the practice of the entire subculture. Hip hops early evolution occurred as sampling technology and drum machines became available and affordable. Turntablist techniques such as scratching and beatmatching developed along with the breaks and Jamaican toasting, rapping developed as a vocal style in which the artist speaks or chants along rhythmically with an instrumental or synthesized beat. The Sugarhill Gangs 1979 song Rappers Delight is widely regarded to be the first hip hop record to gain popularity in the mainstream. The 1980s marked the diversification of hip hop as the genre developed more complex styles, prior to the 1980s, hip hop music was largely confined within the United States. However, during the 1980s, it began to spread to scenes in dozens of countries. New school hip hop was the wave of hip hop music, originating in 1983–84 with the early records of Run-D. M. C. The Golden age hip hop period was a period between the mid-1980s and the early 1990s. Notable artists from this era include the Juice Crew, Public Enemy, & Rakim, Boogie Down Productions and KRS-One, EPMD, Slick Rick, Beastie Boys, Kool G Rap, Big Daddy Kane, Ultramagnetic MCs, De La Soul, and A Tribe Called Quest. Gangsta rap is a subgenre of hip hop that often focuses on the violent lifestyles, in the West Coast hip hop style, G-funk dominated mainstream hip hop for several years during the 1990s. I. G. In the 1990s, hip hop began to diversify with other regional styles emerging, such as Southern rap, at the same time, hip hop continued to be assimilated into other genres of popular music, examples being Neo soul and nu metal. Hip hop became a pop music genre in the mid-1990s. The popularity of hip hop music continued through the 2000s, with hip hop influences also increasingly finding their way into mainstream pop, the United States also saw the success of regional styles such as crunk, a Southern genre that emphasized the beats and music more than the lyrics. Starting in 2005, sales of hip hop music in the United States began to severely wane, during the mid-2000s, alternative hip hop secured a place in the mainstream, due in part to the crossover success of artists such as OutKast and Kanye West. Creation of the hip hop is often credited to Keith Cowboy, rapper with Grandmaster Flash. However, Lovebug Starski, Keith Cowboy, and DJ Hollywood used the term when the music was known as disco rap. Cowboy later worked the hip hop cadence into a part of his stage performance, the first use of the term in print was in The Village Voice, by Steven Hager, later author of a 1984 history of hip hop
Hip hop music
–
1520 Sedgwick Avenue, the Bronx, a venue used by Kool Herc that is often considered the birthplace of hip hop in 1973
Hip hop music
–
DJ Kool Herc, recognized as one of the earliest hip hop artists
Hip hop music
–
Grandmaster Flash
Hip hop music
–
Afrika Bambaataa (left)
5.
Electronic music
–
In general, a distinction can be made between sound produced using electromechanical means and that produced using electronic technology. Examples of electromechanical sound producing devices include the telharmonium, Hammond organ, purely electronic sound production can be achieved using devices such as the theremin, sound synthesizer, and computer. During the 1920s and 1930s, electronic instruments were introduced and the first compositions for instruments were composed. Musique concrète, created in Paris in 1948, was based on editing together recorded fragments of natural and industrial sounds, Music produced solely from electronic generators was first produced in Germany in 1953. Electronic music was created in Japan and the United States beginning in the 1950s. An important new development was the advent of computers for the purpose of composing music, algorithmic composition was first demonstrated in Australia in 1951. In America and Europe, live electronics were pioneered in the early 1960s, during the 1970s to early 1980s, the monophonic Minimoog became once the most widely used synthesizer at that time in both popular and electronic art music. In the 1980s, electronic music became dominant in popular music, with a greater reliance on synthesizers, and the adoption of programmable drum machines. Electronically produced music became prevalent in the domain by the 1990s. Contemporary electronic music includes many varieties and ranges from art music to popular forms such as electronic dance music. Today, pop music is most recognizable in its 4/4 form. At the turn of the 20th century, experimentation with emerging electronics led to the first electronic musical instruments and these initial inventions were not sold, but were instead used in demonstrations and public performances. The audiences were presented with reproductions of existing music instead of new compositions for the instruments, while some were considered novelties and produced simple tones, the Telharmonium accurately synthesized the sound of orchestral instruments. It achieved viable public interest and made progress into streaming music through telephone networks. Critics of musical conventions at the time saw promise in these developments, ferruccio Busoni encouraged the composition of microtonal music allowed for by electronic instruments. He predicted the use of machines in future music, writing the influential Sketch of a New Esthetic of Music, futurists such as Francesco Balilla Pratella and Luigi Russolo began composing music with acoustic noise to evoke the sound of machinery. They predicted expansions in timbre allowed for by electronics in the influential manifesto The Art of Noises, developments of the vacuum tube led to electronic instruments that were smaller, amplified, and more practical for performance. In particular, the theremin, ondes Martenot and trautonium were commercially produced by the early 1930s, from the late 1920s, the increased practicality of electronic instruments influenced composers such as Joseph Schillinger to adopt them
Electronic music
–
Telharmonium,
Thaddeus Cahill, 1897
Electronic music
–
Halim El-Dabh at a
Cleveland festival in 2009
Electronic music
–
Karlheinz Stockhausen in the Electronic Music Studio of WDR, Cologne, in 1991
Electronic music
–
Israeli composer
Josef Tal at the Electronic Music Studio in Jerusalem (c. 1965). On the right,
Hugh Le Caine 's sound
synthesizer the Special Purpose Tape Recorder.
6.
Industrial music
–
Industrial music is a genre of experimental/electronic music that draws on transgressive or provocative sounds and themes. In general, the style is harsh and challenging, allMusic defines industrial as the most abrasive and aggressive fusion of rock and electronic music, initially a blend of avant-garde electronics experiments and punk provocation. The first industrial artists experimented with noise and aesthetically controversial topics, musically and visually, such as fascism, serial killers and their production was not limited to music, but included mail art, performance art, installation pieces and other art forms. Prominent industrial musicians include Throbbing Gristle, Monte Cazazza, SPK, Boyd Rice, Cabaret Voltaire, Musicians also cite writers such as William S. Burroughs, and philosophers such as Friedrich Nietzsche as influences. These artists expanded the genre by pushing it into noisier and more electronic directions, over time, its influence spread into and blended with styles including ambient and rock, all of which now fall under the post-industrial music label. Electro-industrial music is a subgenre that developed in the 1980s. These three distinct genres are often referred to as simply industrial, Industrial music drew from a broad range of predecessors. Industrial music was created originally by using mechanical and electric machinery, monroe also argues for Suicide as an influential contemporary of the industrial musicians. Groups cited as inspirational by the founders of industrial music include The Velvet Underground, Joy Division, genesis P-Orridge of Throbbing Gristle had a cassette library including recordings by the Master Musicians of Jajouka, Kraftwerk, Charles Manson, and William S. Burroughs. P-Orridge also credited 1960s rock such as The Doors, Pearls Before Swine, The Fugs, Captain Beefheart, chris Carter also enjoyed and found inspiration in Pink Floyd and Tangerine Dream. Boyd Rice was influenced by the music of 60s girl groups, Cabaret Voltaire cited Roxy Music as their initial forerunners, as well as Kraftwerks Trans-Europe Express. Cabaret Voltaire also recorded pieces reminiscent of musique concrète and composers such as Morton Subotnick, Nurse with Wound cited a long list of obscure free improvisation and Krautrock as recommended listening. 23 Skidoo borrowed from Fela Kuti and Miles Daviss On the Corner, many industrial groups, including Einstürzende Neubauten, took inspiration from world music. Many of the industrial musicians preferred to cite artists or thinkers, rather than musicians. Simon Reynolds declares that Being a Throbbing Gristle fan was like enrolling in a university course of cultural extremism, John Cage was an initial inspiration for Throbbing Gristle. SPK appreciated Jean Dubuffet, Marcel Duchamp, Jean Baudrillard, Michel Foucault, Walter Benjamin, Marshall McLuhan, Friedrich Nietzsche, Cabaret Voltaire took conceptual cues from Burroughs, J. G. Ballard, and Tristan Tzara. Whitehouse and Nurse with Wound dedicated some of their work to the Marquis de Sade, another influence on the industrial aesthetic was Lou Reeds Metal Machine Music. Pitchfork Music cites this album as inspiring, in part, much of the contemporary avant-garde music scene—noise, the album consists entirely of guitar feedback, anticipating industrials use of non-musical sounds
Industrial music
–
Frank Zappa and
Captain Beefheart in 1975, cited as inspirations by Herman Taylor
Industrial music
–
Re/Search reference guide to the philosophy and interests of a flexible alliance of "deviant" artists.
Industrial music
–
William S. Burroughs, a conceptual inspiration for the industrial musicians.
Industrial music
–
Trent Reznor of Nine Inch Nails in 2008.
7.
Indie rock
–
Indie rock is a genre of alternative rock that originated in the United States and the United Kingdom in the 1980s. Originally used to independent record labels, the term became associated with the music they produced and was initially used interchangeably with alternative rock. In the mid-1980s, the term began to be used to describe the music produced on punk and post-punk labels. Some prominent indie rock record labels were founded during the 1980s, during the 1990s, Grunge bands broke into the mainstream, and the term alternative lost its original counter-cultural meaning. The term indie rock became associated with the bands and genres that remained dedicated to their independent status, by the end of the 1990s indie rock developed subgenres and related styles including lo-fi, noise pop, emo, slowcore, post-rock and math rock. In the 2000s, changes in the industry and in music technology enabled a new wave of indie rock bands to achieve mainstream success. In the early 2000s, a new group of bands played a stripped-down. The commercial breakthrough from these scenes was led by four bands, The Strokes, The White Stripes, The Hives, emo also broke into mainstream culture in the early 2000s. By the end of the 2000s the proliferation of bands was being referred to as indie landfill. The term indie rock, which comes from independent, describes the small and relatively low-budget labels on which it is released, the influences and styles of the artists have been extremely diverse, including punk, psychedelia, post-punk and country. Allmusic identifies indie rock as including a number of varying musical approaches compatible with mainstream tastes, in fact, there is an everlasting list of genres and subgenres of indie rock. Many countries have developed a local indie scene, flourishing with bands with enough popularity to survive inside the respective country. However, there are still indie bands that start off locally, Indie rock has been identified as a reaction against the macho culture that developed in alternative rock in the aftermath of Nirvanas success. However, Cortney Harding pointed out that this sense of equality is not reflected in the number of women running indie labels. The BBC documentary Music for Misfits, The Story of Indie pinpoints the birth of indie as the 1977 self-publication of the Spiral Scratch EP by Manchester band Buzzcocks, Indie pop and indie were originally synonymous. In the mid-1980s, indie began to be used to describe the music produced on post-punk labels rather than the labels themselves. The indie rock scene in the US was prefigured by the rock that dominated college radio playlists. In the United States, the term was associated with the abrasive, distortion-heavy sounds of the Pixies, Hüsker Dü, Minutemen, Meat Puppets, Dinosaur Jr
Indie rock
–
The Jesus and Mary Chain performing in California in 2007
Indie rock
–
Pavement singer/guitarist
Stephen Malkmus
Indie rock
–
The Strokes on stage in 2005
8.
Adelaide
–
Adelaide is the capital city of the state of South Australia, and the fifth-most populous city of Australia. In June 2016, Adelaide had a resident population of 1,326,354 million. South Australia, with a total of 1, the demonym Adelaidean is used in reference to the city and its residents. Adelaide is north of the Fleurieu Peninsula, on the Adelaide Plains between the Gulf St Vincent and the low-lying Mount Lofty Ranges which surround the city. Adelaide stretches 20 km from the coast to the foothills, and 94 to 104 km from Gawler at its northern extent to Sellicks Beach in the south. Named in honour of Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen, queen consort to King William IV, Colonel William Light, one of Adelaides founding fathers, designed the city and chose its location close to the River Torrens, in the area originally inhabited by the Kaurna people. Lights design set out Adelaide in a layout, interspaced by wide boulevards and large public squares. Early Adelaide was shaped by prosperity and wealth—until the Second World War, it was Australias third-largest city and it has been noted for early examples of religious freedom, a commitment to political progressivism and civil liberties. It has been known as the City of Churches since the mid-19th century, as South Australias seat of government and commercial centre, Adelaide is the site of many governmental and financial institutions. Most of these are concentrated in the city centre along the boulevard of North Terrace, King William Street. Today, Adelaide is noted for its festivals and sporting events, its food and wine, its long beachfronts. It ranks highly in terms of liveability, being listed in the Top 10 of The Economist Intelligence Units Worlds Most Liveable Cities index in 2010,2011,2012 and 2015. It was also ranked the most liveable city in Australia by the Property Council of Australia in 2011,2012 and 2013, prior to its proclamation as a British settlement in 1836, the area around Adelaide was inhabited by the indigenous Kaurna Aboriginal nation. Kaurna culture and language was almost completely destroyed within a few decades of the European settlement of South Australia in 1836, however, extensive documentation by early missionaries and other researchers has enabled a modern revival of both language and culture. South Australia was officially proclaimed as a new British colony on 28 December 1836, the event is commemorated in South Australia as Proclamation Day. The site of the capital was surveyed and laid out by Colonel William Light. Adelaide was established as a colony of free immigrants, promising civil liberties and freedom from religious persecution. Wakefields idea was for the Government to survey and sell the land at a rate that would maintain land values high enough to be unaffordable for labourers and journeymen
Adelaide
–
From top to bottom, left to right:
Central Adelaide from
Mount Lofty, the
UniSA Building on North Terrace,
St Peter's Cathedral, the beachside suburb of
Glenelg, a rotunda in
Elder Park, and
Victoria Square illuminated in the evening
Adelaide
–
Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen, the city's namesake
Adelaide
–
North Terrace in 1841
Adelaide
–
Westpac House, Adelaide's tallest building at 132 metres (Australia's 127th tallest building).
9.
Perth
–
Perth is the capital and largest city of the Australian state of Western Australia. It is the fourth-most populous city in Australia, with a population of 2.06 million living in Greater Perth. The first areas settled were on the Swan River, with the central business district. Perth was founded by Captain James Stirling in 1829 as the centre of the Swan River Colony. It gained city status in 1856, and was promoted to the status of a Lord Mayorality in 1929. The city is named after Perth, Scotland, due to the influence of Sir George Murray, Member of Parliament for Perthshire and Secretary of State for War and the Colonies. The citys population increased substantially as a result of the Western Australian gold rushes in the late 19th century, largely as a result of emigration from the eastern colonies of Australia. During Australias involvement in World War II, Fremantle served as a base for operating in the Pacific Theatre. An influx of immigrants after the war, predominantly from Britain, Greece, Italy and Yugoslavia, Aboriginal people have inhabited the Perth area for 38,000 years, as evidenced by archaeological remains at Upper Swan. The Noongar people occupied the southwest corner of Western Australia and lived as hunter-gatherers, the wetlands on the Swan Coastal Plain were particularly important to them, both spiritually and as a source of food. The Noongar people know the area where Perth now stands as Boorloo, Boorloo formed part of Mooro, the tribal lands of Yellagongas group, one of several based around the Swan River and known collectively as the Whadjuk. The Whadjuk were part of a group of fourteen tribes that formed the south-west socio-linguistic block known as the Noongar. The judgment was overturned on appeal, the first documented sighting of the region was made by the Dutch Captain Willem de Vlamingh and his crew on 10 January 1697. The British colony would be officially designated Western Australia in 1832, Captain James Stirling, aboard Parmelia, said that Perth was as beautiful as anything of this kind I had ever witnessed. On 12 August that year, Helen Dance, wife of the captain of the ship, Sulphur. The only contemporary information on the source of the name comes from Fremantles diary entry for 12 August, Murray was born in Perth, Scotland, and was in 1829 Secretary of State for the Colonies and Member for Perthshire in the British House of Commons. The town was named after the Scottish Perth, in Murrays honour, the racial relations between the Noongar people and the Europeans were strained due to these happenings. Because of the amount of building in and around Boorloo
Perth
–
Perth's skyline, viewed from South Perth.
Perth
–
The Foundation of Perth 1829 by
George Pitt Morison is a historically accurate reconstruction of the official ceremony by which Perth was founded.
Perth
–
Perth looking across the
Perth train station c. 1955
10.
Gold Coast, Queensland
–
Gold Coast is a coastal city in the Australian state of Queensland, approximately 66 kilometres south-southeast of the state capital Brisbane and immediately north of the border with New South Wales. With a census-estimated 2016 population of 638,090, The Gold Coast is the sixth-largest city in Australia, making it the largest non-capital city, the first settlement in what is now South East Queensland was as a penal colony at Redcliffe. The Gold Coast region remained uninhabited by Europeans until 1823 when explorer John Oxley landed at Mermaid Beach. The hinterlands red cedar supply attracted people to the area in the mid-19th century, later in 1875, Southport was surveyed and established and grew a reputation as a secluded holiday destination for wealthy Brisbane residents. The Gold Coast region grew significantly after the establishment of the Surfers Paradise hotel in the late 1920s and it is also the major film production hub for Queensland. Gold Coast will host the 2018 Commonwealth Games, lieutenant James Cook became the first European to note the region when he sailed along the coast on 16 May 1770 in the HM Bark Endeavour. Captain Matthew Flinders, an explorer charting the continent north from the colony of New South Wales, escaped convicts from the Moreton Bay penal settlement hid in the region. The region remained uninhabited by Europeans until 1823 when explorer John Oxley landed at Mermaid Beach. The hinterlands red cedar supply attracted people to the area in the mid-19th century, a number of small townships developed along coast and in the hinterland. The western suburb of Nerang was surveyed and established as a base for the industry, by 1873, the town reserve of Burleigh Heads had also been surveyed and successful land sales had taken place. Southport quickly grew a reputation as a holiday destination for wealthy Brisbane residents. Gold Coast was originally known as the South Coast, however, inflated prices for real estate and other goods and services led to the nickname of Gold Coast from 1950. South Coast locals initially considered the name Gold Coast derogatory, however, soon the Gold Coast simply became a convenient way to refer to the holiday strip from Southport to Coolangatta. As the tourism grew into the 1950s, local businesses began to adopt the term in their names. The area was proclaimed a city less than one year later, in 2007, Gold Coast overtook the population of Newcastle, New South Wales to become the sixth largest city in Australia and the largest non-capital city. The Gold Coast is approximately covered by forests of various types. This includes small patches of near-pristine ancient rainforest, mangrove-covered islands, of the plantation pine forests that were planted in the 1950s and 1960s, when commercial forest planting for tax minimisation was encouraged by the Commonwealth government, tiny remnants remain. Gold Coast City lies in the southeast corner of Queensland, to the south of Brisbane, the Albert River separates Gold Coast from Logan City, a suburban area of Brisbane
Gold Coast, Queensland
–
Nerang River and the
Surfers Paradise skyline, 2011
Gold Coast, Queensland
Gold Coast, Queensland
–
Burleigh Heads c. 1939.
Gold Coast, Queensland
–
part of the Surfers Paradise skyline
11.
Auckland
–
Auckland is a city in the North Island of New Zealand. It is the most populous area in the country. Auckland has a population of 1,495,000, which constitutes 32 percent of New Zealands population, a diverse and multicultural city, Auckland is home to the largest Polynesian population in the world. It has also been called Ākarana, the Māori pronunciation of Auckland, the Auckland urban area ranges to Waiwera in the north, Kumeu in the northwest, and Runciman in the south. It is not contiguous, the section from Waiwera to Whangaparāoa Peninsula is separate from its nearest neighbouring suburb of Long Bay, the surrounding hills are covered in rainforest and the landscape is dotted with dozens of dormant volcanic cones. The central part of the area occupies a narrow isthmus between the Manukau Harbour on the Tasman Sea and the Waitemata Harbour on the Pacific Ocean. It is one of the few cities in the world to have harbours on two major bodies of water. The isthmus on which Auckland resides was first settled around 1350 and was valued for its rich, Māori population in the area is estimated to have peaked at 20,000 before the arrival of Europeans. After a British colony was established in 1840, the new Governor of New Zealand, William Hobson and he named the area Auckland for George Eden, Earl of Auckland, British First Lord of the Admiralty. It was replaced as the capital in 1865, but immigration to the new city stayed strong, today, Aucklands Central Business District is the major financial centre of New Zealand. Auckland is classified as a Beta World City because of its importance in finance, commerce, media, entertainment, arts, education and tourism. Aucklands landmarks such as the Auckland Art Gallery Toi o Tāmaki, the Harbour Bridge, the Sky Tower, the isthmus was settled by Māori around 1350, and was valued for its rich and fertile land. Many pā were created, mainly on the volcanic peaks, Māori population in the area is estimated to have been about 20,000 people before the arrival of Europeans. As a result, the region had relatively low numbers of Māori when European settlement of New Zealand began, there is, however, nothing to suggest that this was the result of a deliberate European policy. Auckland was officially declared New Zealands capital in 1841 and the transfer of the administration from Russell in the Bay of Islands was completed in 1842. However, even in 1840 Port Nicholson was seen as a choice for an administrative capital because of its proximity to the South Island. After losing its status as capital, Auckland remained the city of the Auckland Province until the provincial system was abolished in 1876. Each of the four settlements had about 800 settlers, the men being fully armed in case of emergency but spent nearly all their time breaking in the land and establishing roads
Auckland
–
Auckland Tāmaki Makaurau (
Māori)
Auckland
–
Lower Queen Street in 1919
Auckland
–
The urbanised extent of Auckland (red), as of 2009
Auckland
–
Rangitoto Island (in the background) from
Achilles Point
12.
Sydney
–
Sydney /ˈsɪdni/ is the state capital of New South Wales and the most populous city in Australia and Oceania. Located on Australias east coast, the metropolis surrounds the worlds largest natural harbour, residents of Sydney are known as Sydneysiders. The Sydney area has been inhabited by indigenous Australians for at least 30,000 years, the first British settlers, led by Captain Arthur Phillip, arrived in 1788 to found Sydney as a penal colony, the first European settlement in Australia. Since convict transportation ended in the century, the city has transformed from a colonial outpost into a major global cultural. As at June 2016 Sydneys estimated population was 5,005,358, in the 2011 census,34 percent of the population reported having been born overseas, representing many different nationalities and making Sydney one of the most multicultural cities in the world. There are more than 250 different languages spoken in Sydney and about one-third of residents speak a language other than English at home and it is classified as an Alpha+ World City by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network, indicating its influence in the region and throughout the world. Ranked eleventh in the world for economic opportunity, Sydney has a market economy with strengths in finance, manufacturing. Its gross regional product was $337 billion in 2013, the largest in Australia, there is a significant concentration of foreign banks and multinational corporations in Sydney and the city is promoted as one of Asia Pacifics leading financial hubs. Its natural features include Sydney Harbour, the Royal National Park, man-made attractions such as the Sydney Opera House, Sydney Tower and the Sydney Harbour Bridge are also well known to international visitors. The first people to inhabit the now known as Sydney were indigenous Australians having migrated from northern Australia. Radiocarbon dating suggests human activity first started to occur in the Sydney area from around 30,735 years ago, the earliest British settlers called them Eora people. Eora is the term the indigenous used to explain their origins upon first contact with the British. Its literal meaning is from this place, prior to the arrival of the British there were 4,000 to 8,000 native people in Sydney from as many as 29 different clans. Sydney Cove from Port Jackson to Petersham was inhabited by the Cadigal clan, the principal language groups were Darug, Guringai, and Dharawal. The earliest Europeans to visit the area noted that the people were conducting activities such as camping and fishing, using trees for bark and food, collecting shells. Development has destroyed much of the citys history including that of the first inhabitants, there continues to be examples of rock art and engravings located in the protected Ku-ring-gai Chase National Park. The first meeting between the people and the British occurred on 29 April 1770 when Lieutenant James Cook landed at Botany Bay on the Kurnell Peninsula. He noted in his journal that they were confused and somewhat hostile towards the foreign visitors, Cook was on a mission of exploration and was not commissioned to start a settlement
Sydney
–
The
Sydney Opera House and
CBD at dusk from
Jeffrey Street,
Kirribilli in December 2008
Sydney
–
A Direct North General View of Sydney Cove, by convict artist
Thomas Watling in 1794
Sydney
–
Sydney Cove from
Dawes Point, 1817
13.
Melbourne
–
Melbourne is the capital and most populous city of the Australian state of Victoria, and the second-most populous city in Australia and Oceania. The name Melbourne refers to an urban agglomeration spanning 9,900 km2, the metropolis is located on the large natural bay of Port Phillip and expands into the hinterlands towards the Dandenong and Macedon mountain ranges, Mornington Peninsula and Yarra Valley. It has a population of 4,641,636 as of 2016, and its inhabitants are called Melburnians. Founded by free settlers from the British Crown colony of Van Diemens Land on 30 August 1835, in what was then the colony of New South Wales, it was incorporated as a Crown settlement in 1837. It was named Melbourne by the Governor of New South Wales, Sir Richard Bourke, in honour of the British Prime Minister of the day, William Lamb, 2nd Viscount Melbourne. It was officially declared a city by Queen Victoria, to whom Lord Melbourne was close, in 1847, during the Victorian gold rush of the 1850s, it was transformed into one of the worlds largest and wealthiest cities. After the federation of Australia in 1901, it served as the interim seat of government until 1927. It is a financial centre in the Asia-Pacific region. It is recognised as a UNESCO City of Literature and a centre for street art, music. It was the host city of the 1956 Summer Olympics and the 2006 Commonwealth Games, the main passenger airport serving the metropolis and the state is Melbourne Airport, the second busiest in Australia. The Port of Melbourne is Australias busiest seaport for containerised and general cargo, Melbourne has an extensive transport network. The main metropolitan train terminus is Flinders Street Station, and the regional train. Melbourne is also home to Australias most extensive network and has the worlds largest urban tram network. Before the arrival of settlers, humans had occupied the area for an estimated 31,000 to 40,000 years. At the time of European settlement, it was inhabited by under 2000 hunter-gatherers from three indigenous tribes, the Wurundjeri, Boonwurrung and Wathaurong. The area was an important meeting place for the clans of the Kulin nation alliance and it would be 30 years before another settlement was attempted. Batman selected a site on the bank of the Yarra River. Batman then returned to Launceston in Tasmania, in early August 1835 a different group of settlers, including John Pascoe Fawkner, left Launceston on the ship Enterprize
Melbourne
–
(From top left to bottom right)
Melbourne City Centre,
Flinders Street Station,
Shrine of Remembrance,
Federation Square,
Melbourne Cricket Ground,
Royal Exhibition Building.
Melbourne
–
Melbourne Landing, 1840; watercolour by W. Liardet (1840)
Melbourne
–
"Canvas Town", South Melbourne in the 1850s depicting temporary accommodation for the thousands who poured into Melbourne each week during the gold rush.
Melbourne
–
Lithograph of the
Royal Exhibition Building, built to host the
Melbourne International Exhibition of 1880
14.
C3 Presents
–
C3 Presents is a concert promotion, event production and artist management company based out of Austin, Texas. C3 was founded by Charles Attal, Charlie Jones and Charlie Walker in 2007, the C3 founders told reporters that they were excited by the development, but made no mention of the Big Day Out festival. C3 also books and promotes over 1,000 shows nationwide, including Austin venues Stubbs BBQ, Emos, C3 was involved with the team of Barack Obama after he was elected as the U. S. president in 2008. The company first worked with Obama during his campaign and oversaw a number of outdoor rallies in Texas. C3 then produced Obamas election-night rally at Grant Park in Chicago, Illinois, in November 2008, as well as the parade, the numerous performers at the inaugural balls included Miley Cyrus, Melissa Etheridge, John Legend, Herbie Hancock, Rihanna and Santigold. The company then produced the televised We Are One, The Obama Inaugural Celebration at the Lincoln Memorial event in Washington, televised on the HBO cable channel, the special garnered 4.1 million viewers on television and 700,000 viewers online. After the concert, Jones, Attal and Walker met the Obama family, C3 Presents is the third largest concert promoter in the United States, behind Live Nation and AEG Live. First in 2007, and again in 2010,2011 and 2012 C3 was awarded Top Independent Promoter from Billboard, in addition to promotion and production, C3 Presents also has an artist management division operating in both New York City and Austin, Texas. C3 Management has a current roster of over 30 musicians
C3 Presents
–
C3 Presents
15.
Violent Femmes
–
Violent Femmes is an American folk rock band from Milwaukee, Wisconsin, initially active from 1980 to 1987 and again from 1988 to 2009. As of 2013, the band is active again, the band has performed as a trio, including singer, guitarist and songwriter Gordon Gano, bassist Brian Ritchie, and four drummers, Victor DeLorenzo, Guy Hoffman, Brian Viglione, and John Sparrow. Violent Femmes have released nine albums and fifteen singles during the course of their career. The band found success with the release of their self-titled debut album in early 1983. Violent Femmes went on to one of the most successful alternative rock bands of the 1980s. After the release of their third album The Blind Leading the Naked, the future was uncertain and they split up in 1987. However, they regrouped a year later, releasing the album 3, since then, Violent Femmes popularity continued to grow, especially in the United States where the songs Nightmares and American Music cracked the top five on the Modern Rock Tracks chart. In its early days, the frequently played coffee houses. Chrissie Hynde invited them to play an acoustic set after the opening act. After their debut album Violent Femmes, they released Hallowed Ground, mark Van Hecke produced the bands first two efforts, but their third album, The Blind Leading the Naked, saw a change in the studio. This time, another fellow Milwaukee native Jerry Harrison of Talking Heads did the producing and it was more mainstream and pop-oriented, resulting in a minor hit with Children of the Revolution, originally by T. Rex. In 1985, Van Hecke ended his collaboration with the group and he would return later, however, to produce two more albums for the group. The Femmes briefly disbanded, with Gano releasing an album in 1987, Ritchie also released several solo LPs. The group came together in late 1988, releasing 3. Why Do Birds Sing. was released in 1991 after the band signed to Reprise and featured another hit, American Music. In 1993, DeLorenzo departed the group to act and make solo records, Guy Hoffman, formerly of the Oil Tasters and BoDeans, was brought in to tour what was to become one of their biggest-selling records, the Add It Up collection. The first full album with Hoffman on drums, New Times, was released in 1994. Rock. was released in 1995 in Australia only, though it has become available in the United States of America
Violent Femmes
–
Violent Femmes, 2006
16.
Nirvana (band)
–
Nirvana was an American rock band formed by singer and guitarist Kurt Cobain and bassist Krist Novoselic in Aberdeen, Washington, in 1987. Nirvana went through a succession of drummers, the longest-lasting being Dave Grohl, despite releasing only three full-length studio albums in their seven-year career, Nirvana has come to be regarded as one of the most influential and important alternative bands in history. Though the band dissolved in 1994 after the suicide of Cobain, their music maintains a following and continues to influence modern rock. In the late 1980s, Nirvana established itself as part of the Seattle grunge scene, releasing its first album, Bleach and they developed a sound that relied on dynamic contrasts, often between quiet verses and loud, heavy choruses. After signing to major label DGC Records, Nirvana found unexpected success with Smells Like Teen Spirit, Nirvanas third studio album, In Utero, released to critical acclaim, featured an abrasive, less mainstream sound and challenged the groups audience. Nirvanas active career ended following the death of Cobain in 1994, but various posthumous releases have been issued since, overseen by Novoselic, Grohl, and Cobains widow Courtney Love. Since its debut, the band has sold over 25 million records in the United States alone, Nirvana was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2014, in its first year of eligibility. Cobain and Novoselic met while attending Aberdeen High, although they never connected, the pair eventually became friends while frequenting the practice space of the Melvins. Cobain wanted to form a band with Novoselic, but Novoselic did not respond for a period of time. In persuading Novoselic to form a band, Cobain gave him a tape of his project Fecal Matter. Three years after the two first met, Novoselic notified Cobain that he had listened to the Fecal Matter demo. The pair recruited Bob McFadden on drums, but after a month the project fell apart, in early 1987, Cobain and Novoselic recruited drummer Aaron Burckhard. The three practiced material from Cobains Fecal Matter tape but started writing new material soon after forming, during its initial months, the band went through a series of names, starting with Skid Row and including Pen Cap Chew, Bliss, and Ted Ed Fred. The group finally settled on Nirvana, which Cobain said was chosen because I wanted a name that was kind of beautiful or nice and pretty instead of a mean, raunchy punk name like the Angry Samoans. With Novoselic and Cobain having moved to Tacoma and Olympia, Washington, respectively, the pair instead practiced with Dale Crover of the Melvins, and Nirvana recorded its first demos in January 1988. In early 1988, Crover moved to San Francisco but recommended Dave Foster to the band as his replacement on drums, Cobain and Novoselic put an ad in Seattle music publication The Rocket seeking a replacement drummer, which only yielded unsatisfactory responses. Meanwhile, a friend introduced them to Chad Channing. Channing continued to jam with Cobain and Novoselic, although the drummer noted, They never actually said okay, youre in, Nirvana released its first single, a cover of Shocking Blues Love Buzz, in November 1988 on the Seattle independent record label Sub Pop
Nirvana (band)
–
Nirvana performing at Pier 48,
Seattle in December 1993 for MTV's
Live and Loud show. From left to right:
Kurt Cobain,
Dave Grohl and
Krist Novoselic.
Nirvana (band)
–
Kurt Cobain (foreground) and Krist Novoselic live at the 1992 MTV Video Music Awards
Nirvana (band)
–
Dave Grohl performing in 1991
Nirvana (band)
–
Announcement from the band encouraging people to participate in the making of the music video for "Smells Like Teen Spirit"
17.
Hordern Pavilion
–
Hordern Pavilion is a building located in Moore Park, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia, on the grounds of the old Sydney Showground. The Hordern, as it is known by Sydneysiders, has been an architecturally and socially significant Sydney landmark since its construction in 1924. Now best known as a party and rock concert venue. It cost £45,000 to originally build, the pavilion has also been the site of championship boxing over the years with, among others, former World Champion Jeff Fenech fighting at the venue
Hordern Pavilion
–
Hordern Pavilion
18.
Perth, Western Australia
–
Perth is the capital and largest city of the Australian state of Western Australia. It is the fourth-most populous city in Australia, with a population of 2.06 million living in Greater Perth. The first areas settled were on the Swan River, with the central business district. Perth was founded by Captain James Stirling in 1829 as the centre of the Swan River Colony. It gained city status in 1856, and was promoted to the status of a Lord Mayorality in 1929. The city is named after Perth, Scotland, due to the influence of Sir George Murray, Member of Parliament for Perthshire and Secretary of State for War and the Colonies. The citys population increased substantially as a result of the Western Australian gold rushes in the late 19th century, largely as a result of emigration from the eastern colonies of Australia. During Australias involvement in World War II, Fremantle served as a base for operating in the Pacific Theatre. An influx of immigrants after the war, predominantly from Britain, Greece, Italy and Yugoslavia, Aboriginal people have inhabited the Perth area for 38,000 years, as evidenced by archaeological remains at Upper Swan. The Noongar people occupied the southwest corner of Western Australia and lived as hunter-gatherers, the wetlands on the Swan Coastal Plain were particularly important to them, both spiritually and as a source of food. The Noongar people know the area where Perth now stands as Boorloo, Boorloo formed part of Mooro, the tribal lands of Yellagongas group, one of several based around the Swan River and known collectively as the Whadjuk. The Whadjuk were part of a group of fourteen tribes that formed the south-west socio-linguistic block known as the Noongar. The judgment was overturned on appeal, the first documented sighting of the region was made by the Dutch Captain Willem de Vlamingh and his crew on 10 January 1697. The British colony would be officially designated Western Australia in 1832, Captain James Stirling, aboard Parmelia, said that Perth was as beautiful as anything of this kind I had ever witnessed. On 12 August that year, Helen Dance, wife of the captain of the ship, Sulphur. The only contemporary information on the source of the name comes from Fremantles diary entry for 12 August, Murray was born in Perth, Scotland, and was in 1829 Secretary of State for the Colonies and Member for Perthshire in the British House of Commons. The town was named after the Scottish Perth, in Murrays honour, the racial relations between the Noongar people and the Europeans were strained due to these happenings. Because of the amount of building in and around Boorloo
Perth, Western Australia
–
Perth's skyline, viewed from South Perth.
Perth, Western Australia
–
The Foundation of Perth 1829 by
George Pitt Morison is a historically accurate reconstruction of the official ceremony by which Perth was founded.
Perth, Western Australia
–
Perth looking across the
Perth train station c. 1955
Perth, Western Australia
–
City skyline from
Kings Park
19.
Limp Bizkit
–
Limp Bizkit is an American rap rock band from Jacksonville, Florida, formed in 1994. Their lineup consists of Fred Durst, Sam Rivers, John Otto and their music is marked by Dursts angry vocal delivery and Borlands sonic experimentation. Borlands elaborate visual appearance, which includes face and body paint, masks and uniforms, the band has been nominated for three Grammy Awards, have sold 40 million records worldwide and won several other awards. Borland left the group in 2001, but Durst, Rivers, Otto and Lethal continued to record and tour with guitarist Mike Smith. Following the release of their album, Results May Vary, Borland rejoined the band and recorded The Unquestionable Truth with Durst, Rivers, Lethal and they are currently recording their seventh studio album, Stampede of the Disco Elephants. Fred Durst grew up in Jacksonville, Florida, where he took an interest in breakdancing, hip hop, punk rock and he began to rap, skate, beatbox and deejay. While mowing lawns and working as a tattoo artist, he developed an idea for a band that combined elements of rock and hip hop. Durst played with three bands, Split 26, Malachi Sage, which were unsuccessful, and 10 Foot Shindig. Durst told Sam Rivers, the bassist for Malachi Sage, You need to quit this band and start a band with me thats like this, rappin and rockin. Rivers suggested that his cousin, John Otto, who was studying jazz drumming at the Douglas Anderson School of the Arts and playing in local avant garde bands, Durst, Rivers and Otto jammed and wrote three songs together, and Wes Borland later joined as a guitarist. Durst named the band Limp Bizkit, because he wanted a name that would repel listeners, according to Durst, The name is there to turn peoples heads away. A lot of people pick up the disc and go, Limp Bizkit and those are the people that we dont even want listening to our music. Other names that were considered by Durst included Gimp Disco, Split Dickslit, Bitch Piglet, every record label that showed an interest in the band pressured its members to change its name. Limp Bizkit developed a following in the underground music scene, particularly at the Milk Bar. The bands local popularity was such that Sugar Ray, who had a label contract. Milkbar owner, Danny Wimmer, stated that Limp Bizkit had the biggest draw for a local band and they went from playing ten people to eight hundred within months. Fred was always marketing the band and he would go to record stores and get people involved, he was in touch with high schools. However, the band knew that to achieve success, they would have to distinguish themselves in their live performances
Limp Bizkit
–
Limp Bizkit performing live at
Rams Head Live! in
Baltimore, Maryland on May 3, 2013
Limp Bizkit
–
John Otto studied
jazz drumming and played in local
avant garde bands before joining Limp Bizkit.
Limp Bizkit
–
Following the release of Three Dollar Bill, Yall, vocalist Fred Durst was appointed Senior Vice President of A&R at Interscope.
Limp Bizkit
–
Beginning with
Significant Other (1999), DJ Lethal expanded his role as
sound designer for the band.
20.
Fred Durst
–
William Frederick Fred Durst is an American musician and film director. Durst is best known as the vocalist of the band Limp Bizkit, formed in 1994, since 2006, Durst has periodically worked on independent films. He co-starred in the film Population 436, and made his debut in 2007 with the film The Education of Charlie Banks. Durst directed a film, The Longshots, in 2008. Durst was born in Gastonia, North Carolina, and grew up in Casey Plaza, Jacksonville, at the age of 12, Durst took an interest in breakdancing, hip hop, punk rock and heavy metal. He began to rap, skate, beatbox and DJ, leaving the Navy after just two years, Durst moved to Jacksonville where he worked as a landscaper and a tattoo artist while developing an idea for a band that combined elements of rock and hip hop. Before forming Limp Bizkit, Durst played with three bands, Split 26, Malachi Sage, and 10 Foot Shindig, in 1994, Durst, Malachi Sage bassist Sam Rivers, and Rivers cousin John Otto jammed together and wrote three songs. Durst named the band Limp Bizkit because he wanted a name that would repel listeners, Limp Bizkit developed a cult following in the underground music scene when its covers of George Michaels Faith and Paula Abduls Straight Up began to attract curious concertgoers. Later, when Korn performed in town as the act for Sick of It All. He was able to persuade bassist Reginald Arvizu to listen to demos of the songs Pollution, Counterfeit, Korn added a then-unsigned Limp Bizkit to two tours, which gave the band a new audience. DJ Lethal, formerly of the hip hop group House of Pain, joined the band as a turntablist, Dursts disagreements with Borland led the guitarist to quit and rejoin the band. In 1997, Limp Bizkit signed with Flip Records, a subsidiary of Interscope Records, Durst was appointed Senior Vice President of A&R at Interscope. On October 23,1997, Durst met the band Staind, cavalera stated that producer Ross Robinson recommended that he work with Durst. Durst also made an appearance on Korns album Follow the Leader, jonathan Davis had intended to write a battle rap with B-Real of Cypress Hill, but the latters label wouldnt let him do it, and Durst was tapped instead. Davis and Durst wrote the lyrics for All in the Family, Davis and Durst would often offer suggestions for each others lyrics, a lyric written by Durst as tootin on your bagpipe was changed to fagpipes by Davis, who stated I helped him bag on me better. Limp Bizkit achieved mainstream success with the albums Significant Other and Chocolate Starfish, in the summer of 1999, Limp Bizkit played at the highly anticipated Woodstock 99 festival in front of approximately 200,000 people. Violence occurred during and after their performance, including fans tearing plywood from the walls during the song Break Stuff, several sexual assaults were reported in the aftermath of the concert. Durst stated during the concert, People are getting hurt, but I dont think you should mellow out
Fred Durst
–
Fred Durst with Limp Bizkit 2013
Fred Durst
–
Wes Borland and Fred Durst performing with Limp Bizkit at the Movistar Arena in Santiago, Chile on July 21, 2011.
Fred Durst
–
Fred Durst with Limp Bizkit 2011
Fred Durst
–
Durst at the premiere of
Baby Mama at the 2008
Tribeca Film Festival
21.
The Australian
–
The Australian is a broadsheet newspaper published in Australia from Monday to Saturday each week since 14 July 1964. The editor in chief is Paul Whittaker, the editor is John Lehmann and its chief rivals are the business-focused Australian Financial Review, and on weekends, The Saturday Paper. In May 2010, the newspaper launched the first Australian newspaper iPad app, the Australian is owned by News Corp Australia. News Corps Chairman and Founder is Rupert Murdoch, the Australian integrates content from overseas newspapers owned by News Corp Australias parent, News Corp, including The Wall Street Journal and The Times of London. Unlike other Murdoch newspapers, it was neither a tabloid nor an acquired publication, from its inception The Australian struggled for financial viability and ran at a loss for several decades. The Australians first editor was Maxwell Newton, though he would leave the paper within a year and was succeeded by Walter Kommer, during the 1975 election, campaigning against the Whitlam government by its owner led to the papers journalists striking over editorial direction. Editor-in-chief Chris Mitchell was appointed in 2002 and retired on 11 December 2015, Daily sections include National News followed by Worldwide News, Sport and Business News. Contained within each issue is a prominent op/ed section, including regular columnists, other regular sections include Technology, Media, Features, Legal Affairs, Aviation, Defence, Horse-Racing, The Arts, Health, Wealth and Higher Education. A Travel & Indulgence section is included on Saturdays, along with The Inquirer, Saturday lift-outs include Review, focusing on books, arts, film and television, and The Weekend Australian Magazine, the only national weekly glossy insert magazine. A glossy magazine, Wish, is published on the first Friday of the month, the Australian has long maintained a focus on issues relating to Aboriginal disadvantage. It also devotes attention to the technology, Defence and mining industries, as well as the science, economics. It has also published special reports into Australian energy policy. The Australian Literary Review was a supplement from September 2006 October 2011. The Australian has often criticised for being biased against recent Labor governments. In recent years, the paper was scathing of Labors decision to introduce a tax and other carbon emission reduction measures, using reporting. On the newspapers website, there was a section named Stimulus Watch, subtitled How your Billions Are Being Spent, along with the governments insulation stimulus policy, it contributed to perceptions of incompetence and general dissatisfaction with the governments performance. In 2011, Glenn Milne reported on the allegations against Prime Minister Julia Gillard concerning the AWU affair including a claim regarding Gillards living arrangements with Wilson. Gillard contacted the chief executive of The Australian, resulting in the story being removed, however, the story was ignored for a long time by other media outlets
The Australian
–
Type
22.
Melbourne Cup
–
The Melbourne Cup is Australias most prestigious annual Thoroughbred horse race. It is a 3,200 metre race for three-year-olds and over and it is the richest two-mile handicap in the world, and one of the richest turf races. The Melbourne Cup has a tradition with the first race held in 1861 over two miles but was shortened to 3,200 metres in 1972 when Australia adopted the metric system. This reduced the distance by 18.688 metres, and Rain Lovers 1968 race record of 3,19.1 was accordingly adjusted to 3,17.9, the present record holder is the 1990 winner Kingston Rule with a time of 3,16.3. The race is a quality handicap for horses 3 years old and over, run over a distance of 3,200 metres, the minimum handicap weight is 50 kg. There is no weight, but the top allocated weight must not be less than 57 kg. The weight allocated to each horse is declared by the VRC Handicapper in early September, the Melbourne Cup race is a handicap contest in which the weight of the jockey and riding gear is adjusted with ballast to a nominated figure. Older horses carry more weight than younger ones, and weights are adjusted according to the horses previous results. Entries for the Melbourne Cup usually close during the first week of August, the initial entry fee is $600 per horse. Around 300 to 400 horses are nominated each year, but the field is limited to 24 starters. Following the allocation of weights, the owner of each horse must on four occasions before the race in November, declare the horse as an acceptor, First acceptance is $960, second acceptance is $1,450 and third acceptance is $2,420. The final acceptance fee, on the Saturday prior to the race, is $45,375, should a horse be balloted out of the final field, the final declaration fee is refunded. Leger Tenno Sho Sankei Sho All Comers Arlington Million San Juan Capistrano Handicap Australian Stayers Challenge The limitation of 24 starters is stated explicitly to be for safety reasons, however, in the past far larger numbers were allowed - the largest field ever raced was 39 runners in 1890. International horses that are entered for the Melbourne Cup must undergo quarantine in a premises in their own country for a minimum period of 14 days before travelling to Australia. The premises must meet the Australian Government Standards, the Werribee International Horse Centre at Werribee racecourse is the Victorian quarantine station for international horses competing in the Melbourne Spring Racing Carnival. The facility has stabling for up to 24 horses in five separate stable complexes and is located 32 km from the Melbourne CBD, the total prize money for the 2015 race is A$6,200,000, plus trophies valued at $175,000. The first 10 past the post receive prizemoney, with the winner being paid $3.6 million, prizemoney is distributed to the connections of each horse in the ratio of 85 percent to the owner,10 percent to the trainer and 5 percent to the jockey. The 1985 Melbourne Cup, won by What a Nuisance, was the first race run in Australia with prize money of $1 million
Melbourne Cup
–
Engraving of the finish line at the 1881 Melbourne Cup
Melbourne Cup
–
1932 & 1934 winner
Peter Pan ridden by jockey Darby Munro
Melbourne Cup
–
The 1976 cup won by
Van der Hum.
Melbourne Cup
–
Martini Henry, the 1883 Melbourne Cup winner
23.
Metallica
–
Metallica is an American heavy metal band based in San Rafael, California. The band was formed in 1981 in Los Angeles when vocalist/guitarist James Hetfield responded to an advertisement posted by drummer Lars Ulrich in a local newspaper, Metallicas current line-up comprises founding members Hetfield and Ulrich, longtime lead guitarist Kirk Hammett and bassist Robert Trujillo. Guitarist Dave Mustaine and bassists Ron McGovney, Cliff Burton and Jason Newsted are former members of the band, the bands fast tempos, instrumentals, and aggressive musicianship placed them as one of the founding big four bands of thrash metal, alongside Anthrax, Megadeth, and Slayer. The band expanded its musical direction and achieved commercial success with its eponymous fifth album Metallica. The album was also their first to debut at number one on the Billboard 200, in 2000, Metallica joined with other artists who filed a lawsuit against Napster for sharing the bands copyright-protected material without consent from the band. A settlement was reached and Napster became a pay-to-use service, the band returned to its original musical style with the release of Death Magnetic, and in 2009, Metallica was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. Metallica has released ten albums, four live albums, five extended plays,26 music videos. The band has won eight Grammy Awards and six of its albums have debuted at number one on the Billboard 200. The bands eponymous 1991 album has sold over 16 million copies in the United States, Metallica ranks as one of the most commercially successful bands of all time, having sold over 110 million records worldwide. Metallica has been listed as one of the greatest artists of all time by many magazines, including Rolling Stone, in 2012, Metallica formed the independent record label Blackened Recordings and took full ownership of its albums and videos. The band is currently promoting Hardwired. to Self-Destruct, which was released on November 18,2016, guitarists James Hetfield and Hugh Tanner of Leather Charm answered the advertisement. Although he had not formed a band, Ulrich asked Metal Blade Records founder Brian Slagel if he could record a song for the upcoming compilation album Metal Massacre. Slagel accepted and Ulrich recruited Hetfield to sing and play rhythm guitar, the band was officially formed in October 1981, five months after Ulrich and Hetfield first met. Ulrich talked to his friend Ron Quintana, who was brainstorming names for a fanzine, Quintana had proposed the names MetalMania and Metallica. A second advertisement was placed in The Recycler for a position as lead guitarist, Dave Mustaine answered, Ulrich and Hetfield recruited him after seeing his expensive guitar equipment. In early 1982, Metallica recorded its first original song Hit the Lights for the Metal Massacre I compilation, Hetfield played bass on the song and Lloyd Grant was credited with a guitar solo. Metal Massacre I was released on June 14,1982, early pressings listed the band incorrectly as Mettallica, the bands first taste of live success came early, they were chosen to open for British heavy metal band Saxon at one gig of their 1982 US tour. Metallica recorded its first demo, Power Metal, an inspired by Quintanas early business cards in early 1982
Metallica
–
Metallica in
London in 2008. From left to right:
Kirk Hammett,
Lars Ulrich,
James Hetfield and
Robert Trujillo.
Metallica
–
Metallica during the
Damaged Justice tour
Metallica
–
Ulrich, pictured in London in 2008, led the case against Napster.
Metallica
–
Robert Trujillo, pictured in London in 2008, was announced as Metallica's new bassist on February 24, 2003.
24.
Muse (band)
–
Muse are an English rock band from Teignmouth, Devon, formed in 1994. The band consists of Matt Bellamy, Chris Wolstenholme and Dominic Howard, Muse released their debut album, Showbiz, in 1999, showcasing Bellamys falsetto and a melancholic alternative rock style. Their second album, Origin of Symmetry, expanded their sound, incorporating wider instrumentation and romantic classical influences, Absolution saw further classical influence, with orchestra on tracks such as Butterflies and Hurricanes, and became the first of five consecutive UK number-one albums. Black Holes and Revelations incorporated electronic and pop elements, influenced by 1980s groups such as Depeche Mode, the album brought Muse wider international success. The Resistance and The 2nd Law explored themes of government oppression and civil uprising and their seventh album, Drones, was a concept album about drone warfare and returned to a harder rock sound. They have sold over 20 million albums worldwide, the members of Muse played in separate school bands during their stay at Teignmouth Community College in the early 1990s. Guitarist Matt Bellamy successfully auditioned for drummer Dominic Howards band, Carnage Mayhem and they renamed the band Gothic Plague. They asked Chris Wolstenholme – at that time the drummer for Fixed Penalty – to join as bassist, he agreed, the band was renamed Rocket Baby Dolls and adopted a goth-glam image. In 1994, Rocket Baby Dolls won a battle of the bands. Bellamy said, It was supposed to be a protest, a statement, so, when we won, it was a real shock. After that, we started taking ourselves seriously, the band quit their jobs, changed their name to Muse, and moved away from Teignmouth. The name Muse was supposedly inspired by Matthew Bellamys art teacher Samuel Theoun, the band liked that it was short and thought that it looked good on a poster. After a few years building a fanbase, Muse played their first gigs in London and they had a significant meeting with Dennis Smith, the owner of Sawmills Studio, situated in a converted water mill in Cornwall. He had seen the three boys grow up as he knew their parents, and had a company with their future manager Safta Jaffery. The meeting led to their first serious recordings and the release of the Muse EP on 11 May 1998 on Sawmills in-house Dangerous label and their second EP, the Muscle Museum EP, also produced by Reeve, was released on 11 January 1999. It reached number 3 in the singles chart and attracted the attention of British radio broadcaster Steve Lamacq. Later in 1999, Muse performed on the Emerging Artists stage at Woodstock 1999 and signed with Smith, despite the success of their second EP, British record companies were reluctant to sign Muse. After a trip to New Yorks CMJ Festival, Nanci Walker, director of A&R at Columbia Records, flew Muse to the US to showcase for Columbia Records then-Senior Vice-President of A&R, Tim Devine, as well as for American Recordings Rick Rubin
Muse (band)
–
Muse performing at
Big Day Out 2010 in Melbourne, Australia. From left to right: Howard, Bellamy, touring member
Morgan Nicholls (background), and Wolstenholme.
Muse (band)
–
Muse performing at
Roskilde Festival in Denmark, July 2000
Muse (band)
–
Chris Wolstenholme of Muse performing at the
Mod Club Theatre, Toronto in 2004. The international Absolution tour included the band's first shows in North America since 1999.
Muse (band)
–
Muse playing "
Starlight " at
Reading and Leeds Festivals on 28 August 2006
25.
Tool (band)
–
Tool is an American rock band from Los Angeles, California. Formed in 1990, the groups line-up includes drummer Danny Carey, guitarist Adam Jones, justin Chancellor has been the bands bassist since 1995, replacing their original bassist Paul DAmour. Tool has won three Grammy Awards, performed worldwide tours, and produced albums topping the charts in several countries. Due to Tools incorporation of visual arts and very long and complex releases, the band is described as a style-transcending act and part of progressive rock, psychedelic rock. The relationship between the band and todays industry is ambivalent, at times marked by censorship. During the 1980s, each of the members of Tool moved to Los Angeles. Both Paul DAmour and Adam Jones wanted to enter the film industry, Danny Carey and Keenan performed for Green Jellÿ, and Carey played with Carole King and Pigmy Love Circus. Keenan and Jones met through a friend in 1989. After Keenan played a recording for Jones of his previous band project. They started jamming together and were on the lookout for a drummer, Carey happened to live above Keenan and was introduced to Jones by Tom Morello, an old high school friend of Jones and former member of Electric Sheep. Carey began playing in their sessions because he felt sorry for them. Tools lineup was completed when a friend of Jones introduced them to bassist DAmour, early on, the band fabricated the story that they formed because of the pseudophilosophy lachrymology. Although lachrymology was also cited as an inspiration for the name, Keenan later explained their intentions differently, Tool is exactly what it sounds like. Your tool, use us as a catalyst in your process of finding out whatever it is you need to find out, or whatever it is youre trying to achieve. After almost two years of practicing and performing locally in the Los Angeles area, the band was approached by record companies, in March 1992, Zoo published the bands first effort, Opiate. Described by the band as slam and bang heavy music and the hardest sounding six songs they had written to that point, the bands first music video, Hush, promoted their dissenting views about the then-prominent Parents Music Resource Center and its advocacy of the censorship of music. The video featured the band members naked with their genitalia covered by parental advisory stickers and their mouths covered by duct tape. The band began touring with Rollins Band, Fishbone, and Rage Against the Machine to positive responses, which Janiss Garza of RIP Magazine summarized in September 1992 as a buzz and a strong start
Tool (band)
–
Tool performing live in
Barcelona in 2006. Left to right: Jones, Keenan, and Chancellor.
Tool (band)
–
Alternative version of the
Ænima artwork shows a dedication to comedian
Bill Hicks as "another dead hero".
Tool (band)
–
A well known band logo created by longtime collaborator
Cam de Leon, this wrench is an example of "
phallic hardware" in Tool's imagery.
Tool (band)
–
Bassist
Justin Chancellor performing at 2006's
Roskilde Festival
26.
Rammstein
–
Rammstein is a German Neue Deutsche Härte band, formed in 1994 in Berlin. The majority of their songs are in German, but they have performed songs entirely or partially in other languages including English, Spanish, French. Rammsteins award-winning live shows are known for their pyrotechnic elements and both on and off-stage theatrics, Rammsteins entire catalogue is published by Universal Music Group. Rammstein have sold over 35 million albums worldwide, in 1989, East German guitarist Richard Z. Kruspe escaped to West Berlin and started the band Orgasm Death Gimmicks. At that time, he was influenced by American music. After the Berlin Wall came down, he moved home to Schwerin. At this time, Kruspe lived with Oliver Riedel of the Inchtabokatables, Kruspe had come to realize that the music he had previously created did not really suit him. He envisioned something that would combine machines as well as the sound of hard guitars, Kruspe, Riedel and Schneider started working together on a new project in 1994. Finding it difficult to both music and lyrics, Kruspe persuaded Lindemann, whom he had overheard singing while he was working. The band called themselves Rammstein-Flugschau after the 1988 Ramstein air show disaster, guitarist Paul H. Landers said the spelling of Ramstein with the extra m was a mistake. The extra m in the name makes it translate literally as ramming stone. A contest was held in Berlin for amateur bands in 1994, Kruspe, Schneider, Riedel, and Lindemann entered and won the contest, which sparked Landers attention, who wanted in on the project upon hearing their demo. To complete their sound, Rammstein attempted to recruit Christian Flake Lorenz, though initially hesitant, Lorenz eventually agreed to join the band. Later, Rammstein were signed by Motor Records, Rammstein began to record their first studio album, Herzeleid, in March 1995 with producer Jacob Hellner. They released their first single Du riechst so gut that August, later that year, they toured with Clawfinger in Warsaw and Prague. Rammstein headlined a 17-show tour of Germany in December, which did much to boost the bands popularity and they went on several tours throughout early 1996, releasing their second single titled Seemann on 8 January. On 27 March 1996, Rammstein performed on MTVs Hanging Out in London, Rammsteins first major boost in popularity outside Germany came when music director Trent Reznor chose two Rammstein songs, Heirate mich and Rammstein, for David Lynchs film Lost Highway. The soundtrack for the film was released in the U. S. in late 1996, Rammstein went on to tour through Germany, Austria and Switzerland from September to October 1996, performing an anniversary concert on 27 September called 100 years of Rammstein
Rammstein
–
Rammstein playing at
Wacken Open Air in 2013.
Rammstein
–
Richard Kruspe, one of the founding members of Rammstein
Rammstein
–
Rammstein performing along with Finnish act
Apocalyptica in 2005.
Rammstein
–
Rammstein performing at the Gold Coast
Big Day Out in 2011
27.
Austin, Texas
–
Austin is the capital of the U. S. state of Texas and the seat of Travis County. It is the 11th-most populous city in the U. S. and it is the fastest growing large city in the United States and the second most populous capital city after Phoenix, Arizona. As of the U. S. Census Bureaus July 1,2015 estimate and it is the cultural and economic center of the Austin–Round Rock metropolitan area, which had an estimated population of 2,056,405 as of July 1,2016. In the 1830s, pioneers began to settle the area in central Austin along the Colorado River, in 1839, the site was officially chosen to replace Houston as the new capital of the Republic of Texas and was incorporated under the name Waterloo. Shortly thereafter, the name was changed to Austin in honor of Stephen F. Austin, the Father of Texas and the republics first secretary of state. The city subsequently grew throughout the 19th century and became a center for government and education with the construction of the Texas State Capitol and the University of Texas at Austin. After a lull in growth from the Great Depression, Austin resumed its development into a city and, by the 1980s, it emerged as a center for technology. A number of Fortune 500 companies have headquarters or regional offices in Austin, including Amazon. com, cisco, eBay, Google, IBM, Intel, Oracle Corporation, Texas Instruments, 3M, and Whole Foods Market. Dells worldwide headquarters is located in nearby Round Rock, a suburb of Austin, residents of Austin are known as Austinites. They include a mix of government employees, college students, musicians, high-tech workers, blue-collar workers. The city also adopted Silicon Hills as a nickname in the 1990s due to an influx of technology. In the late 1800s, Austin was known as the City of the Violet Crown because of the glow of light across the hills just after sunset. Even today, many Austin businesses use the term Violet Crown in their name, Austin is known as a clean-air city for its stringent no-smoking ordinances that apply to all public places and buildings, including restaurants and bars. The FBI ranked Austin as the second-safest major city in the U. S. for the year 2012, U. S. News & World Report named Austin the best place to live in the U. S. in 2017. Austin, Travis County and Williamson County have been the site of habitation since at least 9200 BC. When settlers arrived from Europe, the Tonkawa tribe inhabited the area, the Comanches and Lipan Apaches were also known to travel through the area. Spanish colonists, including the Espinosa-Olivares-Aguirre expedition, traveled through the area for centuries, in 1730, three missions from East Texas were combined and reestablished as one mission on the south side of the Colorado River, in what is now Zilker Park, in Austin. The mission was in area for only about seven months
Austin, Texas
–
Downtown skyline as seen from
Lady Bird Lake
Austin, Texas
–
An 1873 illustration of Edwin Waller's layout for Austin
Austin, Texas
–
Statue of the Goddess of Liberty on the
Texas State Capitol Grounds prior to installation on top of the rotunda
Austin, Texas
–
Bob Bullock Texas History Museum in Austin. Its mission is to "tell The Story of Texas".
28.
Lollapalooza
–
Lollapalooza /ˌlɒləpəˈluːzə/ is an annual music festival featuring popular alternative rock, heavy metal, punk rock, hip hop, and EDM bands and artists, dance and comedy performances and craft booths. It has also provided a platform for non-profit and political groups, conceived and created in 1991 by Janes Addiction singer Perry Farrell as a farewell tour for his band, Lollapalooza ran annually until 1997, and was revived in 2003. From its inception through 1997 and its revival in 2003, the festival toured North America, in 2004, the festival organizers decided to expand the dates to two days per city, but poor ticket sales forced the 2004 tour to be cancelled. In 2011, the company Geo Events confirmed the Brazilian version of the event, the music festival hosts more than 160,000 people over a two or three day period. Lollapalooza is broadcast live and globally on Red Bull TV and its earliest known use was in 1896. In time the term came to refer to a large lollipop. Farrell, searching for a name for his festival, liked the euphonious quality of the term upon hearing it in a Three Stooges short film. Paying homage to the double meaning, a character in the festivals original logo holds one of the lollipops. The word has caused a slang suffix to appear in event-planning circles as well as in news and opinion shows that is used synonymously with other suffixes like a-go-go, o-rama. The suffix palooza is often used to imply that an event or crowd was made over that term, e. g. Parks-apalooza, Nipple-apalooza. Another key concept behind Lollapalooza was the inclusion of non-musical features, performers like the Jim Rose Circus Side Show, an alternative freak show, and the Shaolin monks stretched the boundaries of traditional rock culture. There was a tent for display of art pieces, virtual reality games and it was at Lollapalooza where Farrell coined the term Alternative Nation. Punk rock standbys like mosh pits and crowd surfing became part of the canon of the concerts, after 1991, the festival included a second stage for up-and-coming bands or local acts. Attendee complaints of the festival included high ticket prices as well as the high cost for food, grunge band Nirvana was scheduled to headline at the festival in 1994, but the band officially dropped out of the festival on April 7,1994. Nirvana frontman Kurt Cobains body was discovered in Seattle the next day, Cobains widow, Courtney Love, made guest appearances at several shows, including the Philadelphia show at FDR Park, speaking to the crowds about the loss, then singing a minimum of two songs. In 1996, Farrell, who had been the soul of the festival, decided to focus his energy to produce his new project, ENIT. Moreover, festival cofounder Farrell felt that Metallicas macho image violated his peaceful vision for the festival, Farrell quit the tour in protest. Responding to the controversial Metallica tour, Lollapalooza made efforts to revive its relevance to audiences, the festival booked eclectic acts such as country superstar Waylon Jennings in 1996, and emphasized heavily electronica groups such as The Orb and The Prodigy in 1997
Lollapalooza
–
Lollapalooza 2011.
Lollapalooza
–
Nine Inch Nails frontman
Trent Reznor during the 1991 Lollapalooza festival.
Lollapalooza
–
Lady Gaga performed first at the festival in 2007 with
Lady Starlight before she was famous. (left) She returned three years later in 2010 with the
Semi Precious Weapons as an internationally known singer. (right)
Lollapalooza
–
Features and attractions
29.
Western Springs Stadium
–
Western Springs Stadium is a stadium in Auckland, New Zealand. Built within an amphitheatre, it is primarily used for rugby union matches during the winter. It is also used for large concerts and festivals. Western Springs Stadium has a capacity of 30,000 for sports. It is located four kilometres west of the city centre in the suburb of Western Springs, Western Springs Stadium was built on land purchased from the Motion family by Auckland City Council in 1875 in order to build the Western Springs reservoir and pump station. Situated in an amphitheatre, concrete terracing was constructed. It was designed and modelled on European stadiums which included a concrete cycling track, a cinder running track. 1929 the stadium built by Relief Labour was opened to serve cycling, athletics, the cycling track was over 500 yards in circumference as the European tracks were then. The cinder all weather Athletic 440-yard running track was the first of its type in NZ, some conjecture has been made when motorcycle speedway commenced on Western Springs. Saroway Park Newmarket was being used at the time, previously the Mt Albert volcanic crater had been used. It was not until 1935 Motorcycle broadsiding commenced on the running track. On Christmas Day December 1937 midget car racing was introduced at an international meeting, it included NZ pioneers Ron Roycroft. The first official season then followed in January 1938, Speedway was still being raced at the previous venue at the Epsom Showgrounds. Athletics disappeared from Western Springs as a result and New Zealands only all weather Athletics track was replaced by the traditional grass tracks until the late 1960s. When the first of the new all weather athletics tracks were built Western Springs was already many years ahead of its time with an all weather cinder surface laid in 1929. 1950s saw promoters take over with the blessing of the Auckland City Council pleased to receive a monetary return, the early promoters combined Cycling, Motorcycle Speedway and Speedway Cars who all raced together on the same program with a large following. The war intervened and in 1944 Speedway became a huge entertainment, Speedway previously had competed on Epsom Showgrounds, Blanford Park on the old cycling track around the soccer field and Olympic Park in Newmarket. Stock car promoters raised the height of the speedway/running track introducing stock cars and forcing speedway motorcycling out, Speedway cars were affected at this time by a conflict with Stock Car promoters
Western Springs Stadium
–
Quarter midget race at Western Springs Stadium at sunset
30.
Kanye West
–
Kanye Omari West is an American rapper, songwriter, record producer, fashion designer, and entrepreneur. Intent on pursuing a career as a rapper, West released his debut album The College Dropout in 2004 to widespread critical and commercial success. He went on to pursue a variety of different styles on subsequent albums Late Registration, Graduation, and 808s & Heartbreak. In 2010, he released his fifth album My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy to rave reviews from critics, West released his abrasive sixth album, Yeezus, to further critical praise in 2013. His seventh album, The Life of Pablo, was released in 2016, Wests outspoken views and life outside of music have received significant mainstream attention. He has been a frequent source of controversy for his conduct at award shows, on social media and he is the founder and head of the creative content company DONDA. His 2014 marriage to television personality Kim Kardashian has also been subject to media coverage. He has won a total of 21 Grammy Awards, making him one of the most awarded artists of all time, three of his albums have been included and ranked on Rolling Stones 2012 update of the 500 Greatest Albums of All Time list. He has also included in a number of Forbes annual lists. Time named him one of the 100 most influential people in the world in 2005 and 2015, West was born on June 8,1977 in Atlanta, Georgia. His parents divorced when he was three years old, after the divorce, he and his mother moved to Chicago, Illinois. His father, Ray West, is a former Black Panther and was one of the first black photojournalists at The Atlanta Journal-Constitution. Ray West was later a Christian counselor, and in 2006, opened the Good Water Store and Café in Lexington Park, Maryland with startup capital from his son. West, was a professor of English at Clark Atlanta University, West was raised in a middle-class background, attending Polaris High School in suburban Oak Lawn, Illinois after living in Chicago. At the age of 10, West moved with his mother to Nanjing, China, according to his mother, West was the only foreigner in his class, but settled in well and quickly picked up the language, although he has since forgotten most of it. When asked about his grades in school, West replied, I got As. West demonstrated an affinity for the arts at an early age and his mother recalled that she first took notice of Wests passion for drawing and music when he was in the third grade. Growing up in Chicago, West became deeply involved in its hip hop scene and he started rapping in the third grade and began making musical compositions in the seventh grade, eventually selling them to other artists
Kanye West
–
West performing at
Lollapalooza in 2011
Kanye West
–
West performing in
Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, April 2007
Kanye West
–
West performing in
Austin, Texas, March 2009
Kanye West
–
West performing with
Jay-Z on their
Watch the Throne Tour in 2011
31.
Town of Claremont
–
The Town covers an area of 4.9 square kilometres, maintains 48 km of roads and 87 km of footpaths, and has an estimated population of 9,891 as at June 2010. The Claremont Municipal District was created on 17 June 1898 out of parts of the Claremont Road District, on 1 July 1961, Claremont became a town following the enactment of the Local Government Act 1960. The Town is divided into 3 wards, each electing three councillors, south Ward West Ward East Ward Claremont * Swanbourne * The Claremont Showgrounds is home each year to the annual Perth Royal Show in September–October. Claremont Oval is used for Australian Rules football, and there is a golf course at Lake Claremont. Other landmarks include several schools, Scotch College, Methodist Ladies College. On 18 November 2010 the heritage listed Council Chambers were gutted by fire, the fire which started in the local library at the rear of the buildings spread through the offices and chambers, causing millions of dollars worth of damage. AmpFest, Youth and music festival overseen by the Town of Claremont Official website
Town of Claremont
–
Town of Claremont
Western Australia
32.
Claremont Showgrounds
–
The Claremont Showgrounds near Perth, Western Australia are home to the annual Perth Royal Show. In 1902,32 acres of land were reserved in the Perth suburb of Claremont for new showgrounds to replace the Guildford Showgrounds, the Royal Agricultural Show, of three days, was first held there in October and November 1905. In 1929 a pavilion and other features were built for the Western Australia Centenary, the Claremont Showgrounds are serviced by a special events railway station on the Fremantle line. Opened on 20 September 1995, it has connection with the showgrounds. The original Showgrounds Station, opened in 1954, was located 350 metres further east with platforms on either side of the line, the Showgrounds have in the past been regularly used for WAFL football matches. Perth won its first premiership against East Fremantle there in 1907 and they were the original home of Claremont-Cottesloe Football Club in its first year in the WAFL before moving to Claremont Oval in 1927. On 19 March 2005, the venue was used to host a one-off WAFL match between Claremont and West Perth, with Claremont winning in front of 7,812 spectators. Due to redevelopment of Claremont Oval, Claremont used the Showgrounds as its ground for the 2014 and 2015 seasons. See also, Claremont Speedway From 1927 until 2000, the 586 metres Claremont Speedway operated on a track around the edge of the oval of the showgrounds. Its size saw it the largest speedway in weekly operation in a capital in Australia. With the closure of Claremont, speedway in Perth moved to the 500 metres Perth Motorplex Speedway in Kwinana Beach, adversity and achievement, a history of the Royal Agricultural Society of Western Australia Claremont, W. A. ISBN 0-646-43969-3 Royal Agricultural Society of WA Claremont Showgrounds at Austadiums
Claremont Showgrounds
–
Claremont Showgrounds
33.
Fairfax Media
–
Fairfax Media Limited is one of the largest media companies in Australia and New Zealand, with investment in newspaper, magazines, radio and the Internet. John Fairfax purchased The Sydney Morning Herald in 1841 and the family retained control of the business until late in the twentieth century. Fairfax has a portfolio of leading online products, including the digital news brands, SMH. com. au, an Australian news site and AFR. com, a financial news site. The group also has leading online marketplaces including Domain. com. au for real estate, events, a major events business including City2Surf and GoodFood Month. Australian Community Media, a network of regional, rural and local newspapers including The Canberra Times, Newcastle Herald, Digital Ventures, encompasses digital publisher Allure Media, and partnerships with Huffington Post for HuffPost Australia and Nine Entertainment Co. for Stan, the video streaming service. New Zealand Media, including national brand Stuff. co. nz and metro titles The Dominion Post in Wellington and The Press in Christchurch. In 2014, Fairfax entered into a joint venture partnership with Nine Entertainment Co, called StreamCo, in 2015, Fairfax Media and The Huffington Post Media Group launched HuffPost. com. au, an Australian edition of The Huffington Post. HuffPost Australia is The Huffington Post’s 15th site in the expanding global presence. In December 2015, automotive digital business 112 and Fairfaxs Drive. com. au announced the formation of a 50,50 joint venture in the online motor sector. Fairfax will license the Drive brand and Drive. com. au URL to 112, which owns and operates themotorreport. com. au. The groups chairman is Nick Falloon and the executive officer is Greg Hywood. John Fairfax purchased The Sydney Morning Herald in 1841, several generations of the Fairfax family continued to control the company. Fairfax Media was founded by the Fairfax family as John Fairfax and Sons, the Fairfax family lost control of the company in December 1990. It was renamed from John Fairfax Holdings to Fairfax Media in 2007, the Australian Financial Review was founded in 1951. In that decade, Fairfax started two stations, ATN and QTQ. Fairfax began expanding in the 1960s, acquiring, among others, The Age, The Newcastle Herald, in 1979, Rupert Murdoch attempted to take over rival The Herald and Weekly Times. Due to the costs of defending the takeover, Fairfax sold its television properties, in 1987, Warwick Fairfax, then aged 26, controversially bought out his familys holdings in the company by borrowing heavily. He successfully took it over, but, on 10 December 1990, the company collapsed, in April 2003, Fairfax acquired the publishing assets of New Zealands Independent Newspapers Limited, including many of New Zealands highest-profile newspapers
Fairfax Media
–
Fairfax Media building at Pyrmont, NSW
Fairfax Media
–
Fairfax Media Limited
34.
Blur (band)
–
Blur are an English rock band, formed in London in 1988. The group consists of singer/keyboardist Damon Albarn, guitarist/singer Graham Coxon, bassist Alex James and their debut album Leisure incorporated the sounds of Madchester and shoegazing. Following a stylistic change influenced by English guitar pop groups such as the Kinks, in the process, the band helped establish the Britpop genre and achieved mass popularity in the UK, aided by a chart battle with rivals Oasis in 1995 dubbed the Battle of Britpop. In recording their follow-up, Blur, the band underwent another reinvention, the bands third UK number one album, Blur included the Song 2 single, which brought them mainstream success in the US. Their next album,13 saw the band experimenting with electronic and gospel music. In May 2002, Coxon left Blur during the recording of their seventh album Think Tank, containing electronic sounds and more minimal guitar work, the album was marked by Albarns growing interest in hip hop and African music. After a 2003 tour without Coxon, Blur did no work or touring as a band. Blur reunited, with Coxon back in the fold, for a series of concerts in 2009, in the following years they released several singles and retrospective compilations, and toured internationally. In 2012, the received a Brit Award for Outstanding Contribution to Music. Their first major release in years, The Magic Whip. Childhood friends Damon Albarn and Graham Coxon met Alex James when they began studying at Londons Goldsmiths College in 1988, Albarn was in a group named Circus, who were joined by drummer Dave Rowntree that October. Circus requested the services of Coxon after the departure of their guitarist and that December, Circus fired two members and James joined as the groups bassist. This new group named themselves Seymour in December 1988, inspired by J. D. Salingers Seymour, the group performed live for the first time in summer 1989. In November, Food Records A&R representative Andy Ross attended a Seymour performance that convinced him to court the group for his label, the only concern held by Ross and Food was that they disliked the bands name. Food drew up a list of alternatives, from which the decided on Blur. Food Records finally signed the newly christened band in March 1990, from March to July 1990, Blur toured Britain, opening for the Cramps, and testing out new songs. In October 1990, after their tour was over, Blur released the Shes So High single, the band had trouble creating a follow-up single, but they made progress when paired with producer Stephen Street. The resulting single release, Theres No Other Way, became a hit, as a result of the singles success, Blur became pop stars and were accepted into a clique of bands who frequented the Syndrome club in London dubbed The Scene That Celebrates Itself
Blur (band)
–
Blur's
Britpop rivals of the 1990s,
Suede (top) and
Oasis
Blur (band)
–
Top: Albarn, Coxon Bottom: James, Rowntree
Blur (band)
Blur (band)
–
Blur at the
Roskilde Festival, 1999
35.
Facebook
–
Facebook is an American for-profit corporation and an online social media and social networking service based in Menlo Park, California. Facebook gradually added support for students at other universities. Since 2006, anyone age 13 and older has been allowed to become a user of Facebook, though variations exist in the minimum age requirement. The Facebook name comes from the face book directories often given to United States university students, Facebook may be accessed by a large range of desktops, laptops, tablet computers, and smartphones over the Internet and mobile networks. After registering to use the site, users can create a user profile indicating their name, occupation, schools attended and so on. Additionally, users may join common-interest user groups organized by workplace, school, hobbies or other topics, in groups, editors can pin posts to top. Additionally, users can complain about or block unpleasant people, because of the large volume of data that users submit to the service, Facebook has come under scrutiny for its privacy policies. Facebook makes most of its revenue from advertisements which appear onscreen, Facebook, Inc. held its initial public offering in February 2012, and began selling stock to the public three months later, reaching an original peak market capitalization of $104 billion. On July 13,2015, Facebook became the fastest company in the Standard & Poors 500 Index to reach a market cap of $250 billion, Facebook has more than 1.86 billion monthly active users as of December 31,2016. As of April 2016, Facebook was the most popular social networking site in the world, Facebook classifies users from the ages of 13 to 18 as minors and therefore sets their profiles to share content with friends only. Zuckerberg wrote a program called Facemash on October 28,2003 while attending Harvard University as a sophomore, to accomplish this, Zuckerberg hacked into protected areas of Harvards computer network and copied private dormitory ID images. Facemash attracted 450 visitors and 22,000 photo-views in its first four hours online, the site was quickly forwarded to several campus group list-servers, but was shut down a few days later by the Harvard administration. Zuckerberg faced expulsion and was charged by the administration with breach of security, violating copyrights, Zuckerberg expanded on this initial project that semester by creating a social study tool ahead of an art history final exam. He uploaded 500 Augustan images to a website, each of which was featured with a corresponding comments section and he shared the site with his classmates, and people started sharing notes. The following semester, Zuckerberg began writing code for a new website in January 2004 and he said that he was inspired by an editorial about the Facemash incident in The Harvard Crimson. On February 4,2004, Zuckerberg launched Thefacebook, originally located at thefacebook. com. com and they claimed that he was instead using their ideas to build a competing product. The three complained to The Harvard Crimson and the newspaper began an investigation and they later filed a lawsuit against Zuckerberg, subsequently settling in 2008 for 1.2 million shares. Membership was initially restricted to students of Harvard College, within the first month, eduardo Saverin, Dustin Moskovitz, Andrew McCollum, and Chris Hughes joined Zuckerberg to help promote the website
Facebook
–
Facebook login/signup screen
Facebook
–
Mark Zuckerberg, co-creator of Facebook, in his
Harvard dorm room, 2005.
Facebook
–
Facebook headquarters entrance sign at 1 Hacker Way,
Menlo Park, California
Facebook
–
Billboard on the
Thomson Reuters building welcomes Facebook to NASDAQ, 2012
36.
Twitter
–
Twitter is an online news and social networking service where users post and interact with messages, tweets, restricted to 140 characters. Registered users can post tweets, but those who are unregistered can only read them, users access Twitter through its website interface, SMS or a mobile device app. Twitter Inc. is based in San Francisco, California, United States, Twitter was created in March 2006 by Jack Dorsey, Noah Glass, Biz Stone, and Evan Williams and launched in July. The service rapidly gained worldwide popularity, in 2012, more than 100 million users posted 340 million tweets a day, and the service handled an average of 1.6 billion search queries per day. In 2013, it was one of the ten most-visited websites and has described as the SMS of the Internet. As of 2016, Twitter had more than 319 million monthly active users. On the day of the 2016 U. S. presidential election, Twitter proved to be the largest source of breaking news, Twitters origins lie in a daylong brainstorming session held by board members of the podcasting company Odeo. Jack Dorsey, then a student at New York University. The original project name for the service was twttr, an idea that Williams later ascribed to Noah Glass, inspired by Flickr. The developers initially considered 10958 as a code, but later changed it to 40404 for ease of use. Work on the project started on March 21,2006, when Dorsey published the first Twitter message at 9,50 PM Pacific Standard Time, Dorsey has explained the origin of the Twitter title. we came across the word twitter, and it was just perfect. The definition was a short burst of inconsequential information, and chirps from birds, and thats exactly what the product was. The first Twitter prototype, developed by Dorsey and contractor Florian Weber, was used as a service for Odeo employees. Williams fired Glass, who was silent about his part in Twitters startup until 2011, Twitter spun off into its own company in April 2007. Williams provided insight into the ambiguity that defined this early period in a 2013 interview, With Twitter and they called it a social network, they called it microblogging, but it was hard to define, because it didnt replace anything. There was this path of discovery with something like that, where over time you figure out what it is, Twitter actually changed from what we thought it was in the beginning, which we described as status updates and a social utility. It is that, in part, but the insight we eventually came to was Twitter was really more of an information network than it is a social network, the tipping point for Twitters popularity was the 2007 South by Southwest Interactive conference. During the event, Twitter usage increased from 20,000 tweets per day to 60,000, the Twitter people cleverly placed two 60-inch plasma screens in the conference hallways, exclusively streaming Twitter messages, remarked Newsweeks Steven Levy
Twitter
–
A blueprint sketch, c. 2006, by
Jack Dorsey, envisioning an
SMS -based
social network.
Twitter
–
Twitter's homepage as of August 2015 (only in select countries)
Twitter
–
Jack Dorsey, a co-founder and the chairman of Twitter, in 2009
Twitter
–
Twitter's San Francisco, California headquarters, as seen from a corner on Market Street
37.
Triple j
–
Triple J is a government-funded, national Australian radio station intended to appeal to listeners between the ages of 18 and 25 which began broadcasting in January 1975. The station places an emphasis on broadcasting Australian and alternative music compared to commercial stations. Triple J is government-owned and is a division of the Australian Broadcasting Corporation, 2JJ commenced broadcasting at 11,00 am, Sunday 19 January 1975, at 1540 kHz on the AM band. The new Australian Broadcasting Corporation station was given the official call-sign 2JJ, the station was restricted largely to the greater Sydney region, and its local reception was hampered by inadequate transmitter facilities. However, its frequency was a clear channel nationally, so it was heard at night throughout south-eastern Australia. After midnight the station would often use ABC networks – during their off air time slot – to increase its broadcasting range and its first broadcast demonstrated a determination to distinguish itself from other Australian radio stations. The first on-air presenter, DJ Holger Brockmann, notably used his own name, owing to 2SMs restrictive policies at the time, Brockmann, whose real name was considered too foreign-sounding, had been forced to work using the pseudonym Bill Drake in prior positions. After an introductory audio collage that featured sounds from the countdown and launch of Apollo 11, Brockmann launched the stations first-ever broadcast with the words, Wow, and then cued The Skyhooks You Just Like Me Cos Im Good in Bed. The choice of a Skyhooks song to introduce the station was significant, choosing an Australian band reflected Double Jays commitment to Australian content at a time when American acts dominated commercial pop stations. Most notably, the song was one of tracks from the Skyhooks album that had been banned from airplay on commercial radio by the industrys peak body. In contrast, their Sydney rival, 2SM, was owned by a company controlled by the Catholic Archdiocese of Sydney. The inspiration gained from the UK led to Double J adopting the tradition of weekly, live-in-the-studio performances by pop, gough Whitlam was unable to also fulfill his aspiration for the establishment of a National Youth Radio Network, as he was controversially sacked. We also heard that the ABC was worried about its audience dying off, additionally, the station was one of a series of innovations that stemmed from the recommendations in the McLean Report of 1974. By the time 2JJ went to air, the Whitlam government was in its months of office. Marius Webb, one of the stations co-ordinators recalls an ABC executive informing him, thank you very much, Ive got another meeting. On 11 November 1975, Whitlams commission was revoked by Governor-General Sir John Kerr, in the subsequent 1975 federal election, Labor was defeated by the Liberal-National Party coalition that was led by Malcolm Fraser. During the more conservative media climate that emerged in the Fraser years, in its early years 2JJs on-air staff were mainly recruited from either commercial radio or other ABC stations. Later, in another first, the roster also featured presenters who did not come from a radio industry background, including singer-songwriters Bob Hudson and John J. Francis, and actor Lex Marinos
Triple j
–
Bands playing at Triple J's "Come Together" festival.
Triple j
–
Robbie Buck in the Triple J studio
38.
Australian dollar
–
Within Australia, it is almost always abbreviated with the dollar sign, with A$ or AU$ sometimes used to distinguish it from other dollar-denominated currencies. It is subdivided into 100 cents, in 2011, the Australian dollar was the fifth most traded currency in the world, accounting for 7. 6% of the worlds daily share. It trades in the foreign exchange markets behind the US dollar, the euro, the yen. The currency is referred to by foreign-exchange traders as the Aussie dollar. With pounds, shillings and pence to be replaced by decimal currency on 14 February 1966, in 1963, the Prime Minister, Sir Robert Menzies, a monarchist, wished to name the currency the royal. Other proposed names included more exotic suggestions such as the austral, the oz, the boomer, the roo, the kanga, the emu, the digger, the quid, the dinkum and the ming. Menzies influence resulted in the selection of the royal, and trial designs were prepared and printed by the Reserve Bank of Australia, the Treasurer, Harold Holt, announced the decision in Parliament on 5 June 1963. The royal would be subdivided into 100 cents, but the existing names shilling, florin, the name royal for the currency proved very unpopular, with Holt and his wife even receiving death threats. On 24 July Holt told the Cabinet the decision had been a terrible mistake, on 18 September Holt advised Parliament that the name was to be the dollar, of 100 cents. The Australian pound, introduced in 1910 and officially distinct in value from the pound sterling since devaluation in 1931, was replaced by the dollar on 14 February 1966. The rate of conversion for the new currency was two dollars per Australian pound, or ten Australian shillings per dollar. The exchange rate was pegged to the pound sterling at a rate of $1 =8 shillings, in 1967, Australia effectively left the sterling area, when the pound sterling was devalued against the US dollar and the Australian dollar did not follow. It maintained its peg to the US dollar at the rate of A$1 = US$1.12, on 27 September 2012, the Reserve Bank of Australia stated that they had ordered work on a project to upgrade the current banknotes. The upgraded banknotes will incorporate a number of new features so that they remain secure into the future, the first new banknotes were issued from the 1st of September 2016, with the remaining denominations to be issued in the coming years. In 1966, coins were introduced in denominations of 1,2,5,10,20 and 50 cents. The initial 50-cent coins contained high silver content and were withdrawn after a year after the value of the silver content was found to exceed the face value of the coins. One-dollar coins were introduced in 1984, followed by two-dollar coins in 1988, the one- and two-cent coins were discontinued in 1991 and withdrawn from circulation. In commemoration of the 40th anniversary of decimal currency, the 2006 mint proof and uncirculated sets included one-, in early 2013, Australias first triangular coin was introduced, to mark the 25th anniversary of the opening of Parliament House
Australian dollar
–
$100
Australian dollar
39.
Big Day Out lineups by year
–
This is a comprehensive listing of artists and bands who have performed at Big Day Out listed by year. Big Day Out was an Australian music festival began in 1992 in Sydney and has expanded since to include several Australian venues and also Auckland. Each year, the line-up of artists changes dramatically, generally maintaining rock as the music style. Notes A ^ The Welcome Mat were the first band to perform for the day, Notes A ^ Sepultura were originally named in the lineup, but cancelled after Max Cavalera left the band in December 1996. Sepultura were replaced by Fear Factory, plus - The Porkers Big Day Out was not held in 1998. Notes A ^ Mr. Bungle was originally going to appear, Notes A ^ American band A Perfect Circle withdrew from the lineup, while the group Fear Factory appeared as a mystery artist playing in place of all of A Perfect Circles scheduled performances. Notes A ^ AFI, Mylo and Jean Grae withdrew from all scheduled performances in Big Day Out 2006, Notes A ^ Fantômas appeared at all shows performing their album The Directors Cut in its entirety. B ^ The Vines were forced to cancel all shows due to singer Craig Nicholls state of mental health, the first official line-up for the 2010 installment was posted on the Big Day Out website just before midnight 28 September 2009. The second official line-up for the 2010 installment was posted on the Big Day Out website just before midnight 11 November 2009, the full line-up was as follows Notes A ^ Tumbleweed only appeared at Sydney on Saturday 23rd. B ^ Beenie Man was withdrawn from lineup by organizers, the first line-up for the 2011 Big Day Out was officially released via the Big Day Out website at 12, 01am 28 September. The second announcement was released on 24 November and completed the 2011 line-up, for the second year in a row Sydney held two festivals due to increasing popularity of the event. B ^ The Black Keys withdrew from the Big Day Out lineup, C ^ Primal Scream appeared at all shows performing their 1991 album Screamadelica in its entirety. D ^ New Zealand band Shihad performed their hit album from 1999, the lineup was announced on 29 September 2011. The first 17 artists were announced over the Big Day Out Twitter page from 8 until 10pm, the three main headliners were announced on 30 September 2011 on Triple J. Tony Hawk was announced as a non-musical special guest. Notes A ^ Kanye West was originally announced to all shows. B ^ Hilltop Hoods were withdrawn from the Perth show, C ^ Odd Future were withdrawn from the Auckland show after complaints concerning their homophobic lyrics. They still performed in Auckland, playing a sideshow at the Powerstation the night before, D ^ Tony Hawk appeared at all Big Day Out festivals in 2012 performing skate demonstrations. The first lineup was announced at midnight on 16 July, the Red Hot Chili Peppers were announced shortly before the first lineup announcement
Big Day Out lineups by year
–
Crowd watching
Gerling at the
Melbourne BDO, 2004
Big Day Out lineups by year
–
Crowd in front of the two main stages at the Big Day Out, Melbourne 2006.
Big Day Out lineups by year
–
Arctic Monkeys, Big Day Out 2009
40.
Chemical Brothers
–
The Chemical Brothers are an English electronic music duo composed of Tom Rowlands and Ed Simons, originating in Manchester in 1989. Along with The Prodigy, Fatboy Slim, The Crystal Method, in the UK, they have had six number one albums and 13 top 20 singles, including two number ones. Ed Simons was born in Herne Hill, South London on 9 June 1970 to a barrister mother, Simons two main interests when he was young were aeroplanes and musicals. Simons attended two South London public schools, Alleyns School and Dulwich College, during his school years, he developed a fondness for rare groove and hip hop music, having frequented a club called The Mud Club from the age of 14. By the time he left school, his two main interests were two Manchester bands, New Order and The Smiths. After finishing school with 11 O levels and three A levels, he continued on to history, especially late medieval history, at the University of Manchester. Tom Rowlands, a classmate of Simons, was born on 11 January 1971 in Kingston upon Thames. When Rowlands was very young, his family relocated to Henley-on-Thames and he later attended Reading Blue Coat School in Berkshire. In his early teens, his interest in music broadened to other genres and he described the first Public Enemy album as the record that probably changed his life, and commented that Miuzi Weighs a Ton was one of the most amazing tracks he had ever heard. Rowlands also started collecting hip hop records by artists like Eric B and Schoolly D. Rowlands left school with similar accomplishments to Simons, achieving nine O levels and three A levels. For university, he followed Simons to Manchester primarily to immerse himself in its music scene in general, Rowlands was also in a band called Ariel prior to meeting up with Simons. Ariel was formed in London by Rowlands and his friends Brendan Melck and their first single was Sea of Beats, which was essentially a white label. Before Philip Brown set up Echo Logik Records, their first promo was Bokadilo, other songs, released on 12, included Mustnt Grumble and their most well-known, Rollercoaster. After a year on Echo Logik they signed to the record label deConstruction and they insisted that they get a female singer and they recruited former Xpansions frontwoman Sally Ann Marsh, and after some disappointing songs like Let It Slide the band fell apart. One of the last things Ariel did was the song T Baby which was remixed by the pair, in regards to the remix, Ed stated that Ariel symbolically ended when Deconstruction asked us for a Dust Brothers remix of an Ariel track. That was the nail in the coffin. Tom would later say in a TV interview from 1995, One of the blokes went a bit mad, but now hes back at college, and the other one drives our van. Rowlands and Simons then started to DJ at a club called Naked Under Leather in the back of a pub in 1992, the pair would play hip hop, techno, and house
Chemical Brothers
–
The Chemical Brothers performing live in Milan in March 2005.
41.
Blink 182
–
Blink-182 is an American rock band formed in Poway, California in 1992. The band currently consists of bassist and vocalist Mark Hoppus, drummer Travis Barker, Blink-182 was initially known as Blink until an Irish band of the same name threatened legal action, in response, the band appended the meaningless number -182. In its early years, Blink-182 toured heavily behind the bands debut, the group signed with major label MCA Records to co-distribute its second album, Dude Ranch. Raynor was fired midway through a 1998 tour and replaced by Barker, the groups next two releases, Enema of the State and Take Off Your Pants and Jacket, were enormous successes on the strength of radio and MTV airplay. The eponymously titled Blink-182 followed in 2003 and marked a shift for the group. DeLonge quit in 2005, sending the band into what was termed an indefinite hiatus and they reunited in 2009, producing the trios sixth album, Neighborhoods. In 2015, DeLonge again exited and was replaced by Alkaline Trio guitarist and vocalist Matt Skiba, the bands seventh studio album, California, was released on July 1,2016. Blink-182 is considered a key group in the development of pop punk, the trio has sold over thirteen million albums in the United States, and over 50 million albums worldwide. Blink-182 was formed in Poway, California, a suburb outside of San Diego, tom DeLonge was expelled from Poway High for attending a basketball game drunk and was forced to attend another local school for one semester. At Rancho Bernardo High School, DeLonge performed at a Battle of the Bands competition and he also befriended Kerry Key, who too was interested in punk music. Keys girlfriend, Anne Hoppus, introduced her brother Mark Hoppus—who had recently moved from Ridgecrest to work at a record store, the two clicked instantly and played for hours in DeLonges garage, exchanging lyrics and co-writing songs—one of which became Carousel. Hoppus, in trying to impress Delonge, managed to fall from a lamppost in front of DeLonges garage and crack his ankles, the trio began to practice together in Raynors bedroom, spending hours together writing music, attending punk shows and movies, and playing practical jokes. Hoppus and DeLonge would alternate singing vocal parts, the trio first operated under a variety of names, including Duck Tape and Figure 8, until DeLonge rechristened the band Blink. Shortly thereafter, DeLonge and Raynor borrowed a four-track recorder from friend and collaborator Cam Jones and were preparing to record a demo tape, Hoppus promptly broke up with his girlfriend and returned to the band. Flyswatter—a combination of songs and punk covers—was recorded in Raynors bedroom in May 1993. Southern California had a large population in the early 1990s, aided by an avid surfing, skating. In contrast to East Coast punk music, the West Coast wave of groups, Blink included, New York is gloomy, dark and cold. The Californian middle-class suburbs have nothing to be that bummed about, San Diego at this time was hardly a hotbed of activity, but the bands popularity grew as did California punk rock concurrently in the mainstream
Blink 182
–
Blink-182 performing in 2011. From left to right:
Mark Hoppus,
Travis Barker, and
Tom DeLonge.
Blink 182
–
The band formed in
San Diego,
California, seen here at the time of the group's creation in 1992.
Blink 182
–
The band performed constantly and soon became a mainstay at all-ages venue
Soma San Diego; this poster is from 1994.
Blink 182
–
Blink-182 at the Showcase Theater in
Corona, California in 1995.
42.
The Strokes
–
The Strokes are an American rock band from New York City. Formed in 1998, the band is composed of vocalist Julian Casablancas, lead guitarist Nick Valensi, rhythm guitarist Albert Hammond Jr. bassist Nikolai Fraiture, following the conclusion of five-album deals with RCA and Rough Trade, the band are currently signed to Casablancas Cult Records. Lead singer-songwriter Julian Casablancas, guitarist Nick Valensi, and drummer Fab Moretti started playing together while attending Dwight School in Manhattan, bassist Nikolai Fraiture befriended Casablancas while the two attended the Lycée Français de New York. At age 13, Casablancas was sent to Le Rosey, a school in Switzerland. Casablancas met guitarist Albert Hammond, Jr. in Switzerland, later, when Hammond came to New York to attend New York Universitys Tisch School of the Arts, he shared an apartment with Casablancas. The roommates started a band, first performing at The Spiral—followed by the Luna Lounge on the Lower East Side of New York, Ryan Gentles, the Mercury Lounges booker, quit his job to become the bands manager. The band began rehearsing a fourteen-song set —including, Alone, Together, Barely Legal, Last Nite, The Modern Age, New York City Cops, Soma, Someday, Take It or Leave It, most of these songs now feature different lyrics. The band sent a demo to the newly reformed Rough Trade Records in the UK, sparking interest there, the EP sparked a bidding war among record labels, the largest for a rock band in years. In August 2001, the Strokes made their first appearance on the cover of the publication The FADER, the Strokes released their debut album, Is This It, in the US in October 2001. The album was produced by Gordon Raphael, along with their follow-up album Room on Fire as well, RCA delayed the North American release over concerns with the album’s cover and lyrics. RCA replaced the track “New York City Cops” with “When it Started, the track New York City Cops —featuring the refrain, “New York City Cops, they aint too smart”—was listed as No.12 on New York Magazines Ultimate New York Playlist on March 1,2010. Despite its delayed release, Is This It received critical acclaim—among other accolades, four stars from Rolling Stone, while critics noted the influence of CBGB stalwarts Television, Casablancas and bandmates claimed to have never heard the band, instead citing the Velvet Underground as a reference point. After the release of Is This It, the band toured around the world—including Japan, Australia, New Zealand, Europe, the self-made mini-documentary In Transit was filmed during the summer tour of Europe. In August 2002, the band headlined UKs Carling Weekend festivals for the second time, jack White joined the Strokes on stage to perform the guitar solo on New York City Cops. During that period, the band appeared as musical guests on numerous late-night talk shows. Is This It yielded several singles and music videos, all of which were directed by Roman Coppola, is This It has had an enduring impact on fans and critics alike. In 2009, NME named Is This It as the Greatest Album of the Decade, in January 2011, Rolling Stone conducted a survey among their Facebook fans to determine the top ten debut albums of all time. Is This It came in at ten and was also the most recent behind Pearl Jams 1991 debut
The Strokes
–
The Strokes in concert at
Madison Square Garden, NYC, in 2011 with special guest,
Elvis Costello.
43.
Hole (band)
–
Hole was an American alternative rock band that formed in Los Angeles, California in 1989 by singer and guitarist Courtney Love and lead guitarist Eric Erlandson. The band had a revolving line-up of bassists and drummers, their most prolific being drummer Patty Schemel, influenced by Los Angeles punk rock scene, the band garnered critical acclaim for their frenetic debut album, Pretty on the Inside, produced by Kim Gordon of Sonic Youth. After signing with DGC Records, the sought to refine their sound on their second album, Live Through This. The album was acclaimed and reached platinum status within a year of its release. Their third album, Celebrity Skin, which garnered them four Grammy nominations, marked a departure from their earlier punk influences, boasting a more commercially viable. In 2002 the group disbanded to pursue other projects, eight years later in 2010, Hole was reformed by Love with new members, despite Erlandsons claim that the reformation breached a mutual contract he had with Love. The reformed band released the album Nobodys Daughter, which had originally conceived as Loves second solo album. In 2013, Love retired the Hole name, releasing new material, Hole formed after Eric Erlandson responded to an advertisement placed by Courtney Love in Recycler in the summer of 1989. The advertisement simply read, I want to start a band and my influences are Big Black, Sonic Youth, and Fleetwood Mac. She called me up and talked my ear off, said Erlandson and we met at this coffee shop, and I saw her and I thought Oh, God. Oh, no, What am I getting myself into and she grabbed me and started talking, and shes like I know youre the right one, and I hadnt even opened my mouth yet. In retrospect, Love said that Erlandson had a Thurston quality about him and was an intensely weird, in his 2012 book, Letters to Kurt, Erlandson revealed that he and Love had a sexual relationship during their first year together in the band, which Love also confirmed. Love had lived a nomadic life prior, immersing herself in numerous music scenes, after unsuccessful attempts at forming bands in San Francisco and Portland, Love relocated to Los Angeles, where she found work as an actress in two Alex Cox films. Erlandson was a California native and a graduate of Loyola Marymount University, Love had originally wanted to name the band Sweet Baby Crystal Powered by God, but opted for the name Hole instead. With Jools Holland, Love claimed the name for the band was inspired by a quote from Euripides Medea that read, There is a hole that pierces right through me. Additionally, Love cited a conversation with her mother as being the inspiration for the bands name. Love also acknowledged the obvious genital reference in the name, alluding to the vagina. Holes first official rehearsal took place at Fortress Studios in Hollywood with Love, Erlandson, according to Erlandson, these two girls show up dressed completely crazy, we set up and they said, okay, just start playing something
Hole (band)
–
Courtney Love performing with Hole at
Big Day Out,
Melbourne, January 22, 1995
Hole (band)
–
Hole performing during a reunion show in Brooklyn, New York, 2012. From left to right:
Melissa Auf der Maur,
Patty Schemel,
Courtney Love, and
Eric Erlandson
Hole (band)
–
Love performing with Hole at
SXSW in Austin, Texas, 2010.
Hole (band)
–
Melissa Auf der Maur, Courtney Love, and Patty Schemel at a screening of
Hit So Hard (2012) at the
Museum of Modern Art, New York City
44.
The Stooges
–
After releasing two albums—The Stooges and Fun House —the group disbanded briefly, and reformed with a different lineup to release Raw Power before breaking up again in 1974. The band reunited in 2003 and was active until 2016 following the deaths of several original members, the Stooges are widely regarded as a seminal proto-punk act and as instrumental in the development of punk rock, alternative rock, heavy metal music and rock music at large. The Stooges were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2010, in 2004, Rolling Stone ranked them 78th on their list of the 100 greatest artists of all time. Iggy Pop played drums in several Ann Arbor-area bands as a teenager, including the Iguanas and, later, the Prime Movers nicknamed Osterberg Iggy in reference to his earlier band. Osterberg was first inspired to form the Stooges after meeting blues drummer Sam Lay during a visit to Chicago, upon returning to Detroit, Osterberg sought to create a new form of blues music that was not derivative of historical precedents. Ron Asheton and Scott Asheton and Dave Alexander composed the rest of the band, the three nicknamed Osterberg Pop after a local character whom Osterberg resembled. Shortly after witnessing an MC5 concert in Ann Arbor, Osterberg began using the stage name Iggy Pop, though the Stooges had formed, Iggy Pop attributes two key motivating influences to move the band forward. The first was seeing The Doors perform at a dance for the University of Michigan. The second was seeing an all-girls rock band from Princeton, New Jersey called The Untouchable perform, in a 1995 interview with Bust Magazine, he relates, I had the Stooges. And we did not have the balls to get out and do it. There were two things that made us do it, one was seeing that show, we saw that show and I just thought, well, this is so brazen, there is no excuse for us not to do it anymore. And the other thing was we went to New York. ”And we didn’t have anywhere to crash, and they played for us, and they completely rocked, and we were really ashamed. ”The bands 1967 debut was at their communal State Street house on Halloween night, followed by their next live gig, January 1968. During this early period, the Stooges were originally billed as the Psychedelic Stooges at the Grande Ballroom in Detroit, Michigan, and other venues, where they played with the band MC5 and others. At one of their early Grande Ballroom performances, Ashetons guitar neck separated from the forcing the band to stop playing during the opening song. Homemade instruments were also incorporated to flesh out the overall sound, the Jim-a-phone involved pushing feedback through a funnel device which was raised and lowered to achieve the best effect. The Stooges soon gained a reputation for their wild, primitive live performances, Pop is sometimes credited with the invention or popularization of stage diving. In 1968 Elektra Records sent DJ/publicist Danny Fields to scout the MC5, the contracts were at different pay rates, MC5 $20,000, the Stooges $5,000, as revealed in the 2016 Jim Jarmusch film, Gimme Danger. In 1969, the released their self-titled debut album, sales were low
The Stooges
–
The Stooges performing in Austin, Texas (2007)
The Stooges
–
Iggy Pop on October 25, 1977; at the State Theatre, Minneapolis, Minnesota Photo: Michael Markos
The Stooges
–
Iggy and the Stooges - Sziget Fesztivál, 2006
The Stooges
–
Iggy Pop and the Stooges, Katowice Off Festval, Poland, on August 4, 2012
45.
The Ramones
–
The Ramones were an American punk rock band that formed in the New York City neighborhood of Forest Hills, Queens, in 1974. They are often cited as the first band to define the punk-rock sound, despite achieving only limited commercial success, the band was a major influence on the 1970s punk movement in both the United States and United Kingdom. All of the members adopted pseudonyms ending with the surname Ramone. They performed 2,263 concerts, touring virtually nonstop for 22 years, in 1996, after a tour with the Lollapalooza music festival, the band played a farewell concert and disbanded. By 2014, all four of the original members, lead singer Joey Ramone, bass guitarist Dee Dee Ramone, lead guitarist Johnny Ramone. In 2002, the Ramones were ranked the second-greatest band of all time by Spin magazine, on March 18,2002, the original four members and Tommys replacement on drums, Marky Ramone, were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. In 2011, the group was awarded a Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award, the original members of the band met in and around the middle-class neighborhood of Forest Hills in the New York City borough of Queens. John Cummings and Thomas Erdelyi had both been in a garage band from 1965 to 1967 known as the Tangerine Puppets. They became friends with Douglas Colvin, who had moved to the area from Germany, and Jeffrey Hyman. The Ramones began taking shape in early 1974 when Cummings and Colvin invited Hyman to join them in a band, the initial line-up featured Colvin on lead vocals, rhythm and bass guitars, Cummings on lead guitar, and Hyman on drums. Hyman soon switched from drums to vocals, Colvin was the first to adopt the name Ramone, calling himself Dee Dee Ramone. He was inspired by Paul McCartneys use of the pseudonym Paul Ramon during his Silver Beetles days, Dee Dee convinced the other members to take on the name and came up with the idea of calling the band the Ramones. Hyman and Cummings became Joey and Johnny Ramone, respectively, a friend of the band, Monte A. Melnick, helped to arrange rehearsal time for them at Manhattans Performance Studios, where he worked. Johnnys former bandmate Erdelyi was set to become their manager, soon after the band was formed, Dee Dee realized that he could not sing and play his bass guitar simultaneously, with Erdelyis encouragement, Joey became the bands new lead singer. Dee Dee would continue, however, to count off each songs tempo with his signature shout of 1-2-3-4. Joey soon similarly realized that he could not sing and play drums simultaneously, while auditioning prospective replacements, Erdelyi would often take to the drums and demonstrate how to play the songs. It became apparent that he was able to perform the music better than anyone else. The Ramones played before an audience for the first time on March 30,1974, the songs they played were very fast and very short, most clocked in at under two minutes
The Ramones
–
Ramones in concert, 1980
The Ramones
–
Forest Hills High School, attended by the four original members of the Ramones
The Ramones
–
April 1976 issue of
Punk. The cover image of Joey, by Punk cofounder
John Holmstrom, was inspired by the work of comic book artist
Will Eisner. Holmstrom would go on to do album art for
Rocket to Russia and
Road to Ruin.
The Ramones
–
Ramones in 1977
46.
Soundgarden
–
Soundgarden is an American rock band formed in Seattle, Washington, in 1984 by singer and rhythm guitarist Chris Cornell, lead guitarist Kim Thayil, and bassist Hiro Yamamoto. Matt Cameron became the bands drummer in 1986, while bassist Ben Shepherd became a permanent replacement for Yamamoto in 1990. Soundgarden was one of the bands in the creation of grunge, a style of alternative rock that developed in Seattle. In 1997, the broke up due to internal strife over its creative direction. After more than a decade of working on projects and other bands, Soundgarden reunited in 2010 and their studio album. As of 2012, Soundgarden had sold more than 10.5 million records in the United States, vH1 ranked Soundgarden at number 14 in their special 100 Greatest Artists of Hard Rock. Soundgardens origins can be found in a band called The Shemps, which performed around Seattle in the early 1980s, following Yamamotos departure, the band recruited guitarist Kim Thayil as its new bassist. Soundgarden was formed in 1984 by Cornell, Yamamoto, and Thayil, Cornell originally played drums while singing, but in 1985 the band enlisted Scott Sundquist to allow Cornell to concentrate on vocals. The band traveled around playing various concerts with this line-up for about a year and their first recordings were three songs that appeared on the 1986 compilation album for C/Z Records called Deep Six. It also featured songs by fellow grunge pioneers Green River, Skin Yard, Malfunkshun, The U-Men, in 1986, Sundquist left the band to spend time with his family, and was replaced by Matt Cameron, the drummer from Skin Yard. KCMU DJ Jonathan Poneman was impressed after seeing Soundgarden perform one night, later saying, Poneman offered to fund a release by the band, so Thayil told him to team up with Bruce Pavitt. Poneman offered to contribute $20,000 in funding for Sub Pop, Soundgarden signed to Sub Pop, and the label released Hunted Down in 1987 as the bands first single. Through Sub Pop, the released the Screaming Life EP in 1987. A combination of the two was issued as Screaming Life/Fopp in 1990, though the band was being courted by major labels, in 1988 it signed to the independent label SST Records for its debut album, Ultramega OK, released on October 31,1988. Cornell said that the band made a mistake with Ultramega OK since they used a producer suggested by SST who didnt know what was happening in Seattle. On that album, Soundgarden demonstrates, according to Steve Huey of AllMusic, the bands first music video, Flower, was directed by Mark Miremont, and aired regularly on MTVs 120 Minutes. Soundgarden supported Ultramega OK with a tour in the United States in the spring of 1989 and a tour in Europe, Ultramega OK earned the band a Grammy Award nomination for Best Metal Performance in 1990. After touring in support of Ultramega OK the band signed with A&M Records, Thayil said, In the beginning, our fans came from the punk rock crowd
Soundgarden
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Soundgarden performing in February 2013. From left to right:
Kim Thayil,
Matt Cameron,
Chris Cornell and
Ben Shepherd.
Soundgarden
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Frontman
Chris Cornell performing live at the
Montreux Jazz Festival, 2005.
Soundgarden
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Soundgarden performed at
Lollapalooza in 2010. (L-R: Cornell, Cameron, and Shepherd. Not pictured: Thayil.)
47.
System of a Down
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System of a Down, sometimes shortened to SOAD or System, is an Armenian-American heavy metal band from Glendale, California, formed in 1994. The band currently consists of Serj Tankian, Daron Malakian, Shavo Odadjian, the band achieved commercial success with the release of five studio albums, three of which debuted at number one on the Billboard 200. System of a Down has been nominated for four Grammy Awards, the group briefly disbanded in August 2006 and reunited in November 2010, embarking on a tour for the following three years. System of a Down has sold over 40 million records worldwide and they formed a band named Soil with Tankian on vocals and keyboards, Malakian on vocals and guitar, Dave Hakopyan on bass and Domingo Dingo Laranio on drums. The band hired Shavo Odadjian as manager, although he eventually joined Soil as rhythm guitarist, in 1994, after only one live show, and one jam session recording, Hakopyan and Laranio left the band, feeling that it was not going anywhere. After Soil split up, Tankian, Odadjian, and Malakian formed a new band, the group took its name from a poem that Malakian had written titled Victims of a Down. Odadjian switched from guitar to bass and passed on his duties to Velvet Hammer Music and Management Group. The band recruited drummer Ontronik Andy Khachaturian, an old friend of Malakians and Odadjians who had played with Malakian in a band called Snowblind during their teens. In early 1995, System played as Soil at the Cafe Club Fais Do-Do, Demo Tape 2 was released in 1996. At the beginning of 1997, System of a Down recorded their final publicly released demo tape, in mid-1997, drummer Khachaturian left the band because of a hand injury. Khachaturian was replaced by John Dolmayan, the bands first official release of a professionally recorded song was on a collection called Hye Enk, an Armenian Genocide recognition compilation, in 1997. Soon after playing at notable Hollywood clubs such as the Whisky-A-Go-Go, showing great interest, the group recorded Demo Tape 4 near the end of 1997. Unlike the previous demo tapes, however, Demo Tape 4 was made only to be sent to record companies, also in 1997, the group won the Best Signed Band Award from the Rock City Awards. In June 1998, System of a Down released their debut album and they enjoyed moderate success as their first singles Sugar and Spiders became radio favorites and the music videos for both songs were frequently aired on MTV. After the release of the album, the band toured extensively, opening for Slayer, following Ozzfest, they toured with Fear Factory and Incubus before headlining the Sno-Core Tour with Puya, Mr. Bungle, The Cat and Incubus providing support. In November 1998, System of a Down appeared on South Parks Chef Aid album, near the end of the song Tankian can be heard saying, Why must we kill our own kind. A line that would later be used in the song Boom, although System of a Down is credited on the album, South Park character Chef does not introduce them as he does every other artist featured on the record. System of a Downs former drummer, Ontronik Khachaturian, briefly reunited with the band at a show at The Troubadour in 1999, in 2000, the band contributed their cover of the Black Sabbath song Snowblind to the Black Sabbath tribute album Nativity in Black 2
System of a Down
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System of a Down live in
Wantagh, New York on August 5, 2012
System of a Down
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Guitarist
Daron Malakian met Serj Tankian for the first time in 1993 before forming the band a year later.
System of a Down
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Serj Tankian has gained a reputation for his large vocal range along with his unusual delivery.
48.
Nine Inch Nails
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Nine Inch Nails is an American industrial rock band founded in 1988 by Trent Reznor in Cleveland, Ohio. Despite this, the band has had feuds with the corporate side of the recording industry. Reznor returned to self-releasing material with the second Nine Inch Nails EP, as the bands main producer, singer, songwriter, and instrumentalist, Reznor is the only constant member of the group, and remains solely responsible for its direction. This changed however in 2016 when Atticus Ross was introduced as a permanent member of Nine Inch Nails alongside the announcement of Not the Actual Events, after recording a new album, Reznor usually assembles a live band to perform onstage with him. The touring band features a lineup that often rearranges songs to fit a live setting. On stage, Nine Inch Nails often employs visual elements to accompany performances, Nine Inch Nails has been nominated for thirteen Grammy Awards, and won twice for the songs Wish and Happiness in Slavery in 1992 and 1996, respectively. In 1997, Reznor appeared in Time magazines list of the years most influential people, in 2004, Rolling Stone placed Nine Inch Nails at 94 on its list of the 100 greatest artists of all time. In 2014, Nine Inch Nails was named as nominees for induction into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, in 2015, they were nominated a second time. Koster agreed and allowed Reznor to use it whenever it was empty, while completing the early recordings, Reznor was unable to find a band that could articulate the material as he desired. Instead, inspired by Prince, Reznor played all the instruments except drums himself and this role remains Reznors on most of the bands studio recordings, though he has occasionally involved other musicians and assistants. Nine Inch Nails debut was at the Phantasy Theater in Lakewood, in 1988, after playing its first shows supporting Skinny Puppy, Reznors ambition for Nine Inch Nails was to release one 12-inch single on a small European label. Several labels responded favorably to the material and Reznor signed with TVT Records. The overall sound on Purest Feeling is lighter than that of Pretty Hate Machine, several songs feature live drumming and guitar work throughout. Reznor coined the name Nine Inch Nails because it abbreviated easily, other rumored explanations have circulated, alleging that Reznor chose to reference Jesus crucifixion with nine-inch spikes, or Freddy Kruegers nine-inch fingernails. The English letters NIN are also noted for their resemblance to the modern Hebrew characters of the Tetragrammaton, the Nine Inch Nails logo, which consists of the letters set inside a border, was designed by Reznor and Gary Talpas. The logo first appeared on the video for Nine Inch Nails debut single, Down in It. Talpas, a native of Cleveland, would continue to design Nine Inch Nails packaging art until 1997, written, arranged, and performed by Reznor, Nine Inch Nails first album Pretty Hate Machine debuted in 1989. It marked his first collaboration with Adrian Sherwood and Mark Flood Ellis, Reznor asked Sean Beavan to mix the demos of Pretty Hate Machine, which had received multiple offers for record deals
Nine Inch Nails
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Nine Inch Nails in November 2013 at the
Staples Center. From left to right:
Pino Palladino,
Ilan Rubin,
Trent Reznor, and
Alessandro Cortini.
Nine Inch Nails
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Reznor during the 1991
Lollapalooza festival
Nine Inch Nails
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Reznor performing during the Self-Destruct tour, circa 1994–1995
Nine Inch Nails
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Live performance during the
Live: With Teeth tour in 2006
49.
Rage Against the Machine
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Rage Against the Machine is an American rock band from Los Angeles, California. Formed in 1991, the group consists of rapper and vocalist Zack de la Rocha, bassist and backing vocalist Tim Commerford, guitarist Tom Morello, and drummer Brad Wilk. They draw inspiration from heavy metal instrumentation, as well as hip hop acts such as Afrika Bambaataa, Public Enemy, the Beastie Boys. Rage Against the Machine is well known for the members leftist and revolutionary political views, as of 2010, they had sold over 16 million records worldwide. In 1992, the band released its debut album, which became a commercial and critical success. In 2003, the album was ranked number 368 on Rolling Stones list of the 500 greatest albums of all time, the band did not release a follow-up record until 1996, with Evil Empire. The bands third album, The Battle of Los Angeles, followed in 1999, and in 2003, during their initial nine-year run, they became one of the most popular and influential bands in music history, according to music journalist Colin Devenish. They were also ranked No.33 on VH1s 100 Greatest Artists of Hard Rock, the band had a large influence on the nu metal genre which came to prominence during the second half of the 1990s. In 2000, the released the cover album Renegades. The same year, growing tensions over the direction of the band prompted de la Rocha to quit, the same year, Rage Against the Machine announced a reunion and performed together for the first time in seven years at the Coachella Valley Music and Arts Festival in April 2007. Up until 2011, the continued to perform at more live venues. In 2016, Morello, Commerford and Wilk formed a new band, Prophets of Rage, with Chuck D, Tom soon contacted Brad Wilk, who had unsuccessfully auditioned for Lock Up. This line-up went on to form Rage Against the Machine, the newly christened Rage Against the Machine named themselves after a song de la Rocha had written for his former popular underground hardcore punk band, Inside Out. Kent McClard, with whom Inside Out were associated, had coined the phrase rage against the machine in a 1989 article in his zine No Answers. Shortly after forming, they gave their first public performance on October 23,1991, at The Quad of California State University, not all 12 songs made it onto the final album—two were eventually included as B-sides, while three others never saw an official release. Several record labels expressed interest, and the band signed with Epic Records. Morello said, Epic agreed to everything we asked—and theyve followed through and we never saw a conflict as long as we maintained creative control. The Fuck You version, which contains 17 iterations of the word fuck, was accidentally played on the BBC Radio 1 Top 40 singles show on February 21,1993
Rage Against the Machine
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Rage Against the Machine at Vegoose in October 2007. Left to right:
Tim Commerford,
Zack de la Rocha,
Brad Wilk,
Tom Morello.
Rage Against the Machine
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Wilk, Commerford, and Morello performing with
Chris Cornell as
Audioslave at the
Montreux Jazz Festival in 2005.
50.
The Prodigy
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The Prodigy are an English electronic music group from Braintree, formed by Liam Howlett in 1990. The members were originally Liam Howlett, Keith Flint, Maxim, Leeroy Thornhill, along with The Chemical Brothers, Fatboy Slim, and others, The Prodigy are credited as pioneers of the big beat genre, which achieved mainstream popularity in the 1990s and 2000s. They have sold over 30 million records worldwide, and won music awards during their career. Awards, five MTV Europe Music Awards, and two Grammy Awards nominations, the groups genre of music uses various styles ranging from rave, hardcore techno, electro-industrial, jungle and breakbeat and big beat, adding punk vocal elements in later times. The Prodigy first emerged in the rave scene in the early 1990s and have since achieved popularity. They earned titles like the dance act for the alternative masses and the Godfathers of Rave. Liam Howlett created an initial 10-track demo, put together on a Roland W-30 music workstation in Essex, England. XL Recordings picked up the demo after Howlett played several tracks to XL boss Nick Halkes in a meeting, the Prodigys name was chosen by Liam as a tribute to his first analogue synthesiser, the Moog Prodigy. The Prodigys first public performance, with Howlett augmented by dancers Keith Flint and Leeroy Thornhill, was at the Four Aces in Dalston, London, Charly, released six months later, became a huge hit in the rave scene at the time. The release reached number 3 in the UK Singles Chart, catapulting the band into the public attention. The Kaos Theory compilation series featured G Force, from their third single, critical reception to the single was generally mixed. The bands first full-length album, the critically acclaimed Experience, followed Charly as a release in the history of British rave music. The album closes with a version of Death of the Prodigy Dancers. There were five singles spawned from the album, Charly, Everybody in the Place, Fire/Jericho, Out of Space, and Wind It Up, the album was a commercial success in the UK, but failed to chart in other countries. Peaking at number 12, it was certified Platinum by the British Phonographic Industry, after Experience and the run of singles that accompanied it, the Prodigy moved to distance themselves from the kiddie rave reputation that now dogged them. The rave scene was beginning to move on from its phase, with the Criminal Justice Acts anti-rave legislation on the horizon. The Prodigy responded to the bill by writing Their Law, in 1993, Howlett released an anonymous white label, bearing only the title Earthbound I. Its hypnotic, hard-edged sound won wide underground approval and it was officially released as One Love later that year, and went on to chart at number 8 in the UK
The Prodigy
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The Prodigy performing at the Cokelive Festival in Romania on July 26, 2009.
The Prodigy
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Liam Howlett named the group after the
Moog Prodigy synthesizer.
The Prodigy
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The Prodigy performing at the 2006 Sziget Festival
The Prodigy
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The Prodigy band member and founder
Liam Howlett live in August 2005.
