In ecology, a biological interaction is the effect that a pair of organisms living together in a community have on each other. They can be either of the same species, or of different species. These ef
The black walnut secretes a chemical from its root that harms neighboring plants, an example of competitive antagonism.
Predation is a short-term interaction, in which the predator, here an osprey, kills and eats its prey.
Pollination has driven the coevolution of flowering plants and their animal pollinators for over 100 million years.
Leaf litter from these eucalypts contains chemicals which inhibit grass growth near the trees
Symbiosis is any close and long-term biological interaction between two organisms of different species. In 1879, Heinrich Anton de Bary defined symbiosis as "the living together of unlike organisms".
Biological interaction
…thematic, proposing a classification of "co-actions", later adopted by biologists as "interactions". Close and long-term interactions are described as symbiosis; symbioses that are mutually beneficial are called mutualistic. The term symbiosis was subject to a century-long debate about whether it should…
In a cleaning symbiosis, the clownfish feeds on small invertebrates, that otherwise have potential to harm the sea anemone, and the fecal matter from the clownfish provides nutrients to the sea anemone. The clownfish is protected from predators by the anemone's stinging cells, to which the clownfish is immune. The relationship is therefore classified as mutualistic.
Alder tree root nodule houses endosymbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria.
Commensal mites travelling (phoresy) on a fly (Pseudolynchia canariensis)