1.
United States metropolitan area
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The United States Office of Management and Budget has defined 382 Metropolitan Statistical Areas for the United States and seven for Puerto Rico. S
2.
Central Alabama
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The regions population was 1,870,970 as of 2008. The Birmingham television market reaches approximately the same area, the easternmost part of Central Alabama around Anniston has the steepest mountains and highest elevations of the region. Coldwater Mountain and Mount Cheaha make up the highest of the ridges that are located in the eastern portion of the region. The Coosa River divides the easternmost portion of the region from the portion with the Birmingham area. The westernmost portion of Central Alabama is relatively a flat region with fertile soil called the Black Belt. The Black Warrior River and its tributaries contribute to the land of the area. The central portion of Central Alabama varies from rugged in the east to flat in the west, numerous valleys are scattered throughout this region between the mountain ridges including the densely populated Jones Valley and Shades Valley. Because the central portion is more rugged compared to the westernmost portion of Central Alabama, urban sprawl has exacerbated the risk of flooding by increasing the proportion of land covered by hard surfaces, leading to greater runoff during storms. The Black Warrior, Cahaba, and Coosa Rivers and their tributaries are among the many waterways that wind their way through the region, other major waterways that run through the area include Choccolocco Creek, Shades Creek, and the Little Cahaba River. Large deposits of ore, limestone, and coal are chief among the plentiful mineral resources found in the region. The coincidence of these three in close proximity was an incentive for the rapid development of industry in the Birmingham District after the American Civil War. The economic engine of the ranges from the diversified economy of Greater Birmingham, to the college town of Tuscaloosa, to the heavily industrialized economy of Anniston. The primary economic center of the region is Greater Birmingham because of its size and it is home to the states most diversified employer, the University of Alabama at Birmingham. UAB is not only the states largest single employer with some 20,000 employees on its payroll, Tuscaloosa is the retail business center of a several-county area in Alabama and nearby Mississippi, and is chiefly a university town. The city hosts the University of Alabamas main campus as well as Stillman College, other major components of the economy include government, health, and industry. The citys largest industrial employer is the Mercedes-Benz production facility located ten miles from the part of the city next to Vance. Anniston and Gadsden are very similar in their heavily industrialized economies, Gadsden, however, is a river town so it has helped in building and creating a tourist industry to slight the blow of its declining primary industry. Gadsden is now home to many riverfront-based festivals that goes on throughout the year to boost its economy, Anniston, on the other hand, has also suffered a major blow on two fronts with the closings of Fort McClellan and many iron smelting facilities in the 1990s
3.
Birmingham, Alabama
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Birmingham is the most populous city in the U. S. state of Alabama and the county seat of Jefferson County. The citys population was 212,237 in the 2010 United States Census, the Birmingham-Hoover Metropolitan Statistical Area had a population of about 1,128,047 according to the 2010 Census, which is approximately one quarter of Alabamas population. Birmingham was founded in 1871, during the post-Civil War Reconstruction period and it was named for Birmingham, England, one of the UKs major industrial cities. The Alabama city annexed smaller neighbors and developed as an industrial and railroad center, based on mining, the new iron and steel industry. Most of the settlers who founded Birmingham were of English ancestry. From its founding through the end of the 1960s, Birmingham was an industrial center of the southern United States. Its growth from 1881 through 1920 earned its nicknames as The Magic City and its major industries were iron and steel production, plus a major component of the railroading industry. Rails and railroad cars were manufactured in Birmingham. The two primary hubs of railroading in the Deep South have been nearby Atlanta and Birmingham, since the 1860s, the economy has diversified since industrial restructuring in the latter half of the 20th century. Banking, telecommunications, transportation, electrical transmission, medical care, college education. Except for coal mining, the industry has declined in the Birmingham area, Birmingham ranks as one of the most important business centers in the Southeastern United States and as one of the largest banking centers in the nation. In higher education, Birmingham has been the location of the University of Alabama School of Medicine, since that time it has also gained the University of Alabama at Birmingham, one of three main campuses of the University of Alabama System. It is also home to three institutions, Samford University, Birmingham-Southern College, and Miles College. In total, the Birmingham area has major colleges of medicine, dentistry, optometry, physical therapy, pharmacy, law, engineering, the city has three of the states five law schools, Cumberland School of Law, Birmingham School of Law, and Miles Law School. Birmingham is also the headquarters of the Southwestern Athletic Conference, and Southeastern Conference, Birmingham was founded on June 1,1871, by the Elyton Land Company, whose investors included cotton planters, bankers and railroad entrepreneurs. It sold lots near the crossing of the Alabama & Chattanooga and South & North Alabama railroads. The first business at that crossroads was the trading post and country store operated by Marre, the site of the railroad crossing was notable for its proximity to nearby deposits of iron ore, coal, and limestone – the three main raw materials used in making steel. Birmingham is the only place worldwide where significant amounts of all three minerals can be found in close proximity, from the start the new city was planned as a center of industry
4.
Bibb County, Alabama
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Bibb County is a county in the U. S. state of Alabama. As of the 23rd Decennial 2010 United States Census its population was 22,915. Its name is in honor of William W. Bibb, the Governor of Alabama Territory, and the first Governor of Alabama, who is also the namesake for Bibb County, Georgia where he began his political career. It is a prohibition or dry county, however, the cities of West Blocton, Brent, the Bibb County Courthouse is located in the county seat of Centreville. Cahawba County was established on February 7,1818, named for the Cahawba River and this name came from the Choctaw language word meaning water above. On December 4,1820, it was renamed as Bibb County, with a large population of slaves before the American Civil War, during and after Reconstruction whites worked to dominate and establish white supremacy. These extrajudicial murders were a form of terrorism by the whites against blacks. According to the U. S. Census Bureau, the county has an area of 626 square miles. Many African Americans joined the Great Migration to northern and western cities, to escape the violence, as of the census of 2010, there were 22,915 people,7,953 households, and 5,748 families residing in the county. The population density was 37 people per square mile, there were 8,981 housing units at an average density of 14.3 per square mile. The racial makeup of the county was 75. 8% White,22. 0% Black or African American,0. 3% Native American,0. 1% Asian,0. 1% Pacific Islander,0. 8% from other races, and 0. 9% from two or more races. 1. 8% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race,24. 5% of all households were made up of individuals and 9. 40% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.60 and the family size was 3.09. In the county, the population was out with 22. 7% under the age of 18,9. 0% from 18 to 24,28. 9% from 25 to 44,26. 7% from 45 to 64. The median age was 37.8 years, for every 100 females there were 115.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 127.5 males, the median income for a household in the county was $41,770, and the median income for a family was $51,956. Males had an income of $40,219 versus $28,085 for females. The per capita income for the county was $19,918, about 9. 4% of families and 12. 6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 18. 4% of those under age 18 and 11. 3% of those age 65 or over
5.
Blount County, Alabama
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Blount County is a county located in the U. S. state of Alabama. As of the 2010 census, the population was 57,322, Blount County is a dry county, with the exception of Oneonta, which allows for the sale of alcohol since 2013. In the November 6,2012 elections, a ballot initiative to allow alcohol sales was narrowly defeated. This county celebrates the Covered Bridge Festival every autumn in Oneonta to commemorate its three remaining covered bridges, Blount County was created by the Alabama Territorial Legislature on February 6,1818, formed from land ceded to the federal government by the Creek Nation on August 9,1814. This county was named for Governor Willie Blount of Tennessee, who provided assistance to settlers in Alabama during the Creek War of 1813-14 and this county lies in the northeastern quadrant of the state, which is sometimes known as the mineral region of Alabama. Blount County is bordered by Cullman, Marshall, Etowah, Jefferson, Walker and this county is drained by the Locust and Mulberry Forks of the Black Warrior River. Blount County covers 650 square miles, the Warrior coal field is located in Blount County. Caleb Fryley and John Jones established Bear Meat Cabin in 1816 and its post office was opened in 1821, and the settlement was incorporated as Blountsville on December 13,1827. In 1889, an election resulted in the county seat being transferred to Oneonta, according to the U. S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 651 square miles, of which 645 square miles is land and 5.9 square miles is water. The population density was 88.79 people per square mile, there were 23,887 housing units at an average density of 37 per square mile. The racial makeup of the county was 92. 6% White,1. 3% Black or African American,0. 5% Native American,0. 2% Asian,0. 1% Pacific Islander,4. 1% from other races, and 1. 2% from two or more races. 8. 1% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race, alternative households included,22. 2% of households were made up of those living alone and 9. 7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.63 and the family size was 3.72. Blount Countys population spread was as follows,25. 40% under the age of 18,8. 40% from 18 to 24,29. 20% from 25 to 44,24. 10% from 45 to 64, the median age was 36 years. For every 100 females there were 99.70 males, for every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 97.30 males. The median income for a household in the county was $35,241, males had a median income of $31,455 versus $22,459 for females. The per capita income for the county was $16,325, about 8. 60% of families and 11. 70% of the population were below the poverty line, including 13. 20% of those under age 18 and 17. 40% of those age 65 or over. The county is home to the picturesque covered bridges mentioned above, the Swann Covered Bridge, the Horton Mill Covered Bridge
6.
Chilton County, Alabama
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Chilton County is a county of the U. S. state of Alabama. As of the 2010 census, the population was 43,643, Chilton County is included in the Birmingham-Hoover, AL Metropolitan Statistical Area. In 2010, the center of population of Alabama was located in Chilton County, near the city of Jemison, the county is known for its peaches and its unique landscape. Baker County was established on December 30,1868, named for Alfred Baker, residents of the county petitioned the Alabama legislature for the renaming of their county, it was not something forced upon them. On December 17,1874, the petitioners accepted the suggestion of Chilton County, in 1870 the county seat was moved after the court house burned to what is now Clanton. In 1942, the U. S. Navy commissioned a new vessel, according to the U. S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 701 square miles, of which 693 square miles is land and 7.9 square miles is water. At the 2000 census, there were 39,593 people,15,287 households and 11,342 families residing in the county, the population density was 57 per square mile. There were 17,651 housing units at a density of 25 per square mile. Nearly 2. 91% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race, nearly 22. 90% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10. 20% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.57, and the family size was 3.00. 25. 70% of the population were under the age of 18,9. 10% from 18 to 24,29. 00% from 25 to 44,23. 40% from 45 to 64, the median age was 36 years. For every 100 females there were 97.80 males, for every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.90 males. The median household income was $32,588 and the family income was $39,505. Males had an income of $31,006 versus $21,275 for females. The per capita income for the county was $15,303, about 12. 60% of families and 15. 70% of the population were below the poverty line, including 19. 40% of those under age 18 and 18. 20% of those age 65 or over. The County Commission is made up of seven elected by cumulative vote. Chilton County adopted cumulative voting in 1988 as part of the settlement of a vote dilution lawsuit brought against its previous election system, according to the 1990 Census, African Americans constituted 9. 9% of the countys voting age population. Since then, African Americans were able finally to register and vote in the county, the adoption of cumulative voting in Chilton County has enabled the minority to elect candidates of their choice by pooling their votes
7.
Jefferson County, Alabama
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Jefferson County is the most populous county in the state of Alabama, in the United States. As of the 2010 census, the population was 658,466 and its county seat is Birmingham, which is also the most populous city in the state. Its growth as a city in the 20th century established its dominance. Jefferson County is included in the Birmingham-Hoover, AL Metropolitan Statistical Area, in 2011 Jefferson County was $4 billion in debt and declared bankruptcy. The financial problems were related to costs of a sewer project. Corruption was found among six county commissioners and 15 other officials who were convicted of accepting bribes and this was the largest Chapter 9 bankruptcy in the United States, until it was surpassed by that of Detroit, Michigan in 2013. Jefferson County emerged from bankruptcy in December 2013, following the approval of a plan by the United States bankruptcy court for the Northern District of Alabama. Jefferson County was established on December 13,1819, by the Alabama Legislature and it was named in honor of President Thomas Jefferson. The county is located in the portion of the state. It is in the center of the iron, coal, Jefferson County has a land area of about 1,119 square miles. Early county seats were established first at Carrollsville, then Elyton, founded about 1871, Birmingham was named for the industrial English city of the same name in Warwickshire. That city had long been a center of iron and steel production in Great Britain, Birmingham was formed by the merger of three towns, including Elyton. It has continued to grow by annexing neighboring towns and villages, as Birmingham industrialized, its growth accelerated, particularly after 1890. It attracted numerous rural migrants, both black and white, for its new jobs, despite the citys rapid growth, for decades it was underrepresented in the legislature. Legislators from rural counties kept control the legislature and, to avoid losing power, Birmingham could not get its urban needs addressed by the legislature. Racial tensions increased in the city and state in the late 19th century as whites worked to maintain white supremacy, the white, conservative Democrat-dominated legislature passed a new constitution in 1901 that disenfranchised most blacks and many poor whites, excluding them totally from the political system. Economic competition among the new workers in the city also raised tensions, in a study of lynchings in the South from 1877 to 1950, Jefferson County is documented as having the highest number of lynchings of any county in Alabama. White mobs committed 29 lynchings in the county, most around the turn of the century at a time of political suppression of blacks in the state
8.
St. Clair County, Alabama
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St. Clair County is a county of the U. S. state of Alabama. As of the 2010 census, the population was 83,593 and it has two county seats in Ashville and another in Pell City. It is one of two counties in Alabama, and one of 33 in the United States, with more than one county seat and its name is in honor of General Arthur St. Clair, an officer in the French and Indian War. St. Clair County is included in the Birmingham-Hoover, AL Metropolitan Statistical Area, St. Clair County was established on November 20,1818 by the Alabama Territory legislature by splitting the area from Shelby County. The county seat was incorporated and named Ashville in honor of John Ash, in 1836, a portion of St. Clair County was separated to establish Cherokee County and DeKalb County. In 1866, after the Civil War, a northeast section of the county was used to create Etowah County. According to the U. S. Census Bureau, the county has an area of 654 square miles. The population density was 102 people per square mile, there were 27,303 housing units at an average density of 43 per square mile. The racial makeup of the county was 90. 03% White,8. 13% Black or African American,0. 37% Native American,0. 17% Asian,0. 03% Pacific Islander,0. 41% from other races, and 0. 85% from two or more races. 1. 06% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race,20. 80% of all households were made up of individuals and 8. 20% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.60 and the family size was 3.01. In the county, the population was out with 25. 40% under the age of 18,7. 90% from 18 to 24,30. 70% from 25 to 44,24. 30% from 45 to 64. The median age was 36 years, for every 100 females there were 101.80 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 98.80 males, the median income for a household in the county was $37,285, and the median income for a family was $43,152. Males had an income of $33,914 versus $24,433 for females. The per capita income for the county was $17,960, about 9. 60% of families and 12. 10% of the population were below the poverty line, including 15. 20% of those under age 18 and 12. 60% of those age 65 or over. As of the census of 2010, there were 83,593 people,31,624 households, the population density was 132 people per square mile. There were 35,541 housing units at a density of 56 per square mile
9.
Shelby County, Alabama
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Shelby County is a county of the U. S. state of Alabama. As of the 2010 census the population was 195,085, the county is named in honor of Isaac Shelby, Governor of Kentucky from 1792 to 1796 and again from 1812 to 1816. Shelby County is included in the Birmingham-Hoover, AL Metropolitan Statistical Area and it ranks among the 100 highest-income counties in the United States, and is the fastest-growing county in the state. Shelby Countys growth has accompanied the stagnation of Birmingham and Jefferson County, the countys newspaper is the Shelby County Reporter. Shelby County was established on February 7,1818, and it was named for the Revolutionary War hero, beginning in 1820, the first county seat was located at Shelbyville. This settlement, long defunct, was located within the city limits of Pelham. The first courthouse was built of logs, the seat was moved to Columbia, now Columbiana, in 1826. Initially housed in an old building, a new brick courthouse building was completed in 1854. It is now known as the Old Shelby County Courthouse and houses the Shelby County Museum, the current limestone courthouse was built from 1905–06, at a cost of $300,000. Shelby County has a history in agriculture, and since about 1990, it has become an important location for growing soybeans. Shelby County was also crossed by an early north-south railroad, the Louisville and Nashville Railroad, that connected Louisville, Nashville, Decatur, Birmingham, and Montgomery. The eastern part of Shelby County was later crossed by U. S. Highway 231 and U. S.280 Decades later on, hence, an important ingredient in the eventual growth of Shelby County has been its ready access to modern systems of transportation. According to the U. S. Census Bureau, the county has an area of 810 square miles. Parts of Shelby County are crossed by the southernmost extensions of the Appalachian Mountains, such as Oak Mountain, however, large parts of Shelby County are much flatter, giving good land for farms and pastures. Shelby County also has lowlands along two rivers, and one large reservoir, Lay Lake, which also borders Coosa, Talladega. These are both important rivers in Alabama, much farther south, both the Cahaba River and the Coosa River flow into the Alabama River, and thence to the Gulf of Mexico. To be more precise, the Coosa River and the Tallapoosa River flow together at Wetumpka, Alabama, to form the Alabama River, waxahatchee Creek, a major tributary of the Coosa River, forms the southeastern portion of the border between Shelby County and Chilton County. The population density was 180 people per square mile, there were 59,302 housing units at an average density of 75 per square mile
10.
Walker County, Alabama
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Walker County is a county in the U. S. state of Alabama. As of the 2010 census, the population was 67,023 and its name is in honor of John Williams Walker, a member of the United States Senate. Walker County is included in the Birmingham-Hoover, AL Metropolitan Statistical Area, Walker County was established on December 26,1823, and formed from sections of Marion and Tuscaloosa counties. It was named after Senator John Walker, who represented Alabama in the U. S. Senate from 1819 to 1822, the county was greatly reduced in size on February 12,1850, when its northern half became the county Winston. Jasper is the county seat, named after William Jasper, a Revolutionary War hero from South Carolina, Walker County has sites listed on the National Register of Historic Places. According to the U. S. Census Bureau, the county has an area of 805 square miles. The population density was 89 people per square mile, there were 32,417 housing units at an average density of 41 per square mile. The racial makeup of the county was 92. 15% White,6. 17% Black or African American,0. 28% Native American,0. 20% Asian,0. 02% Pacific Islander,0. 31% from other races, and 0. 86% from two or more races. Nearly 0. 86% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race,25. 30% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11. 20% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.46, and the family size was 2.93. In the county, the population was out with 23. 50% under the age of 18,8. 60% from 18 to 24,28. 00% from 25 to 44,25. 10% from 45 to 64. The median age was 38 years, for every 100 females, there were 93.20 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89.80 males, the median income for a household in the county was $29,076, and the median income for a family was $35,221. Males had an income of $31,242 versus $20,089 for females. The per capita income for the county was $15,546, about 13. 20% of families and 16. 50% of the population were below the poverty line, including 21. 00% of those under age 18 and 17. 40% of those age 65 or over. As of the census of 2010, there were 67,023 people,26,571 households, the population density was 85 people per square mile. There were 30,816 housing units at a density of 38 per square mile. The racial makeup of the county was 91. 2% White,5. 9% Black or African American,0. 4% Native American,0. 3% Asian,0. 1% Pacific Islander,1. 0% from other races, and 1. 2% from two or more races
11.
Metropolitan statistical area
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In the United States, a metropolitan statistical area is a geographical region with a relatively high population density at its core and close economic ties throughout the area. Such regions are neither legally incorporated as a city or town would be, as such, the precise definition of any given metropolitan area can vary with the source. A typical metropolitan area is centered on a large city that wields substantial influence over the region. However, some areas contain more than one large city with no single municipality holding a substantially dominant position. MSAs are defined by the Office of Management and Budget and used by the Census Bureau, U. S. Census statistics for metropolitan areas are reported according to the following definitions. The U. S. Office of Management and Budget defines a set of core based statistical areas throughout the country, CBSAs are delineated on the basis of a central urban area or urban cluster – in other words, a contiguous area of relatively high population density. CBSAs are composed of counties and county equivalents, the counties containing the core urban area are known as the central counties of the CBSA. Outlying counties are included in the CBSA if the employment interchange measure is 25% or more, although numbers are estimates. Some areas within these counties may be rural in nature. As well as MSAs, CBSAs are subdivided into statistical areas based on the population of the core urban area. Under certain conditions, one or more CBSAs may be grouped together to form a larger entity known as a combined statistical area. Previous terms that are no longer used include standard metropolitan statistical area, in New England, towns have precedence over counties, so statistically similar areas are defined in terms of town-based units known as New England city and town areas. United States of America Outline of the United States Index of United States-related articles Book, United States Demographics of the United States United States Census Bureau List of U. S
12.
2010 United States Census
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The 2010 United States Census, is the twenty-third and currently most recent United States national census. National Census Day, the day used for the census, was April 1,2010. As part of a drive to increase the accuracy,635,000 temporary enumerators were hired. The population of the United States was counted as 308,745,538, as required by the United States Constitution, the U. S. census has been conducted every 10 years since 1790. The 2000 U. S. Census was the previous census completed, participation in the U. S. Census is required by law in Title 13 of the United States Code. On January 25,2010, Census Bureau Director Robert Groves personally inaugurated the 2010 Census enumeration by counting World War II veteran Clifton Jackson, more than 120 million census forms were delivered by the U. S. Post Office beginning March 15,2010, the number of forms mailed out or hand-delivered by the Census Bureau was approximately 134 million on April 1,2010. The 2010 Census national mail participation rate was 74%, from April through July 2010, census takers visited households that did not return a form, an operation called non-response follow-up. In December 2010, the Census Bureau delivered population information to the president for apportionment, personally identifiable information will be available in 2082. The Census Bureau did not use a form for the 2010 Census. In several previous censuses, one in six households received this long form, the 2010 Census used only a short form asking ten basic questions, How many people were living or staying in this house, apartment, or mobile home on April 1,2010. Were there any additional people staying here on April 1,2010 that you did not include in Question 1, mark all that apply, Is this house, apartment, or mobile home – What is your telephone number. What is Person 1s age and Person 1s date of birth, is Person 1 of Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish origin. Does Person 1 sometimes live or stay somewhere else, the form included space to repeat some or all of these questions for up to twelve residents total. In contrast to the 2000 census, an Internet response option was not offered, detailed socioeconomic information collected during past censuses will continue to be collected through the American Community Survey. The survey provides data about communities in the United States on a 1-year or 3-year cycle, depending on the size of the community, rather than once every 10 years. A small percentage of the population on a basis will receive the survey each year. In June 2009, the U. S. Census Bureau announced that it would count same-sex married couples, however, the final form did not contain a separate same-sex married couple option
13.
United States Census
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The actual Enumeration shall be made within three Years after the first Meeting of the Congress of the United States, and within every subsequent Term of ten Years. The United States Census Bureau is responsible for the United States Census, the first census after the American Revolution was taken in 1790, under Secretary of State Thomas Jefferson, there have been 22 federal censuses since that time. The current national census was held in 2010, the census is scheduled for 2020. For years between the censuses, the Census Bureau issues estimates made using surveys and statistical models, in particular. Title 13 of the United States Code governs how the Census is conducted, Information is confidential as per 13 U. S. C. The United States Census is a census, which is distinct from the U. S. Census of Agriculture. It is also distinct from local censuses conducted by some states or local jurisdictions, Decennial U. S. Census figures are based on actual counts of persons dwelling in U. S. residential structures. They include citizens, non-citizen legal residents, non-citizen long-term visitors, the Census Bureau bases its decision about whom to count on the concept of usual residence. Usual residence, a principle established by the Census Act of 1790, is defined as the place a person lives, the Census also uses hot deck imputation to assign data to housing units where occupation status is unknown. This practice has effects across many areas, but is seen by some as controversial, however, the practice was ruled constitutional by the U. S. Supreme Court in Utah v. Evans. Certain American citizens living overseas are specifically excluded from being counted in the even though they may vote. Only Americans living abroad who are Federal employees and their dependents living overseas with them are counted, private U. S. citizens living abroad who are not affiliated with the Federal government will not be included in the overseas counts. These overseas counts are used solely for reapportioning seats in the U. S, in the United States recent censuses, Census Day has been April 1. However, it was previously in August, as per instructions given to U. S. Marshals, All the questions refer to the day when the enumeration is to commence. Disadvantaged minorities are more likely to be undercounted. For example, the Census Bureau estimates that in 1970 over six percent of blacks went uncounted, democrats often argue that modern sampling techniques should be used so that more accurate and complete data can be inferred. Republicans often argue against such sampling techniques, stating the U. S, constitution requires an actual enumeration for apportionment of House seats, and that political appointees would be tempted to manipulate the sampling formulas. Although the sticker was unofficial and the results were not added to the census, she, in 2015 Laverne Cox called for transgender people to be counted in the census
14.
Micropolitan
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The micropolitan area designation was created in 2003. Like the better-known Metropolitan Statistical Areas, an area is a geographic entity used for statistical purposes based on counties. The OMB has identified 576 micropolitan areas in the United States, the term micropolitan gained currency in the 1990s to describe growing population centers in the United States that are removed from larger cities, in some cases by 100 miles or more. Because the designation is based on the core urban clusters population and not on that of the whole area, for example, the Ottawa–Peru, IL Micropolitan Statistical Area had a 2010 census population of 154,908. That would put its total population ahead of roughly 100 individual locations classified as a Metropolitan Statistical Area in 2010. The largest of the areas, centered on Torrington, Connecticut, had a population in excess of 180,000 in 2000, mcCarthy, Michael J. Main Street America Gets a New Moniker. Archived from the original on Jul 27,2005, dreamtowns that offer refuge from big cities and congested suburbs
15.
Cullman County, Alabama
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Cullman County is a county of the U. S. state of Alabama. As of the 2010 census, the population was 80,406 and its name is in honor of Colonel John G. Cullmann. It is a moist county in terms of availability of alcoholic beverages, the cities of Cullman, Good Hope and Hanceville allow sale of alcohol and are wet and the rest of the county is dry. Cullman County comprises the Cullman, AL Micropolitan Statistical Area, which is a component of the Birmingham-Hoover-Talladega, Cullman is served by TV stations and FM radio stations from both Huntsville and Birmingham. Cullman County is a part of the market area, or DMA. Electricity in Cullman County is provided by the Tennessee Valley Authority, for a long time, telephone service in this county was provided by the Southern Bell Company. There is no air transportation service in Cullman County. This area was inhabited for thousands of years by varying cultures of indigenous peoples, the historic Cherokee and Choctaw lived here at the time of European encounter, with the Cherokee moving in after the American Revolutionary War and in response to pressures from northern area. Their settlements in Alabama were known as the Lower Towns, people claiming descent from Cherokee who remained in the county after Indian Removal in the 1830s, organized as the Echota Cherokee Tribe of Alabama in the 1980s. The tribe was recognized by the state in 1984 but is not federally recognized and it claims 22,000 members in the state, mostly in northern Alabama. Cullman County was organized in 1877 primarily by German American immigrants who had moved down from Cincinnati and they founded an agricultural community and sought to create an agricultural revolution in what had been a frontier area, in the best traditions of innovation in the New South. However, hard geographical and social realities clashed with the often impractical vision of colonizer John G. Cullmann and his Germans, with their traditional work ethic and willingness to experiment with such new products as wine and strawberries, tried to make practical changes in southern farming. The Germans were outnumbered by more traditional families from neighboring regions, according to the U. S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 755 square miles, of which 735 square miles is land and 20 square miles is water. The population density was 105 people per square mile, there were 35,233 housing units at an average density of 48 per square mile. The racial makeup of the county was 96. 81% White,0. 96% Black or African American,0. 37% Native American,0. 18% Asian,0. 03% Pacific Islander,0. 62% from other races, and 1. 03% from two or more races. 2. 18% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race,24. 00% of all households were made up of individuals and 10. 40% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.49 and the family size was 2.94. In the county, the population was out with 24. 30% under the age of 18,8. 80% from 18 to 24,28. 30% from 25 to 44,24. 00% from 45 to 64
16.
Talladega County, Alabama
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Talladega County is a county of the U. S. state of Alabama. As of the 2010 census, the population was 82,291, Talladega County is included in the Talladega-Sylacauga, AL Micropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Birmingham-Hoover-Talladega, AL Combined Statistical Area. Prior to Euro-American settlement in what is today Talladega County it was the home of the Abihka tribe of the Creek Confederacy, Talladega County was established on December 18,1832, from land ceded by the Creek Indians near the states geographic center. The county seat was established at Talladega in 1834, according to the U. S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 760 square miles, of which 737 square miles is land and 24 square miles is water. It is drained by Choccolocco Creek and other streams, the population density was 109 people per square mile. There were 34,469 housing units at a density of 47 per square mile. Nearly 1. 01% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race,25. 90% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10. 60% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.50, and the family size was 3.00. In the county, the population was out with 25. 00% under the age of 18,9. 00% from 18 to 24,28. 80% from 25 to 44,23. 90% from 45 to 64. The median age was 37 years, for every 100 females, there were 95.70 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.50 males, the median income for a household in the county was $31,628, and the median income for a family was $38,004. Males had an income of $30,526 versus $21,040 for females. The per capita income for the county was $15,704, about 13. 90% of families and 17. 60% of the population were below the poverty line, including 24. 70% of those under age 18 and 18. 20% of those age 65 or over. As of the census of 2010, there were 82,291 people,31,890 households, the population density was 112 people per square mile. There were 37,088 housing units at a density of 50 per square mile. The racial makeup of the county was 65. 3% White,31. 7% Black or African American,0. 3% Native American,0. 4% Asian,0. 0% Pacific Islander,1. 0% from other races, and 1. 3% from two or more races. Nearly 2. 0% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race,26. 7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10. 1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.48, and the family size was 2.98
17.
Coosa County, Alabama
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Coosa County is a county of the U. S. state of Alabama. As of the 2010 census the population was 11,539 and its name derives from a town of the Creek tribe and the Coosa River, which forms one of the county borders. Coosa County is included in the Talladega-Sylacauga, AL Micropolitan Statistical Area, the county was established on December 18,1832, formed from parts of Montgomery and Shelby counties. It gained a small snippet from Montgomery County in 1837, according to the U. S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 666 square miles, of which 651 square miles is land and 15 square miles is water. U. S. Highway 231 U. S. 8% made it the biggest percentage population loser among the states 67 counties. Annette Jones Watters of the University of Alabamas Alabama State Data Center cited Coosa as one of eight counties to lose greater than 6% of its population from 2000 to early 2007. As of the census of 2000, there were 12,202 people,4,682 households, the population density was 19 people per square mile. There were 6,142 housing units at a density of 9 per square mile. 1. 29% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race,24. 30% of all households were made up of individuals and 9. 80% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.52 and the family size was 2.98. In the county, the population was out with 23. 70% under the age of 18,8. 60% from 18 to 24,29. 00% from 25 to 44,24. 30% from 45 to 64. The median age was 38 years, for every 100 females there were 104.40 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 102.50 males, the median income for a household in the county was $29,873, and the median income for a family was $36,082. Males had an income of $25,390 versus $18,171 for females. The per capita income for the county was $14,875, about 11. 80% of families and 14. 90% of the population were below the poverty line, including 19. 50% of those under age 18 and 13. 40% of those age 65 or over. As of the census of 2010, there were 11,539 people,4,794 households, the population density was 18 people per square mile. There were 6,478 housing units at a density of 9.7 per square mile. The racial makeup of the county was 66. 3% White,31. 0% Black or African American,0. 3% Native American,0. 1% Asian,0. 1% Pacific Islander,1. 2% from other races, and 0. 9% from two or more races
18.
Combined statistical area
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A combined statistical area is composed of adjacent metropolitan and micropolitan statistical areas in the United States and Puerto Rico that can demonstrate economic or social linkage. These areas that retain their own designations as metropolitan or micropolitan statistical areas within the larger combined statistical area. The primary distinguishing factor between a CSA and an MSA is that the social and economic ties between the individual MSAs within a CSA are at lower levels than between the counties within an MSA, cSAs represent multiple metropolitan or micropolitan areas that have an employment interchange of 25. CSAs often represent regions with overlapping labor and media markets, as of July 2012, there are 166 combined statistical areas in the United States, plus three in Puerto Rico. S. S. Combined Statistical Areas of the United States and Puerto Rico, link United States Government United States Census Bureau 2010 United States Census USCB population estimates United States Office of Management and Budget
19.
Alabama
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Alabama is a state in the southeastern region of the United States. It is bordered by Tennessee to the north, Georgia to the east, Florida and the Gulf of Mexico to the south, Alabama is the 30th-most extensive and the 24th-most populous of the U. S. states. At nearly 1,500 miles, Alabama has one of the nations longest navigable inland waterways, Alabama is nicknamed the Yellowhammer State, after the state bird. Alabama is also known as the Heart of Dixie and the Cotton State, the state tree is the longleaf pine, and the state flower is the camellia. The largest city by population is Birmingham, which has long been the most industrialized city, the oldest city is Mobile, founded by French colonists in 1702 as the capital of French Louisiana. From the American Civil War until World War II, Alabama, like many states in the southern U. S. suffered economic hardship, like other southern states, Alabama legislators disenfranchised African Americans and many poor whites at the turn of the century. Following World War II, Alabama grew as the economy changed from one primarily based on agriculture to one with diversified interests. The state economy in the 21st century is based on management, automotive, finance, manufacturing, aerospace, mineral extraction, healthcare, education, retail, in the Alabama language, the word for a person of Alabama lineage is Albaamo. The word Alabama is believed to have come from the Alabama language, the words spelling varies significantly among historical sources. As early as 1702, the French called the tribe the Alibamon, other spellings of the name have included Alibamu, Alabamo, Albama, Alebamon, Alibama, Alibamou, Alabamu, Allibamou. Sources disagree on the words meaning, some scholars suggest the word comes from the Choctaw alba and amo. The meaning may have been clearers of the thicket or herb gatherers, the state has numerous place names of Native American origin. However, there are no correspondingly similar words in the Alabama language, an 1842 article in the Jacksonville Republican proposed it meant Here We Rest. This notion was popularized in the 1850s through the writings of Alexander Beaufort Meek, experts in the Muskogean languages have not found any evidence to support such a translation. Indigenous peoples of varying cultures lived in the area for thousands of years before the advent of European colonization, trade with the northeastern tribes by the Ohio River began during the Burial Mound Period and continued until European contact. The agrarian Mississippian culture covered most of the state from 1000 to 1600 AD, with one of its major centers built at what is now the Moundville Archaeological Site in Moundville, Alabama. This is the second-largest complex of the classic Middle Mississippian era, after Cahokia in present-day Illinois, Analysis of artifacts from archaeological excavations at Moundville were the basis of scholars formulating the characteristics of the Southeastern Ceremonial Complex. Contrary to popular belief, the SECC appears to have no links to Mesoamerican culture
20.
North Alabama
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North Alabama is a region of the U. S. 94% of the states population as of 2010 Census. The anchor city of the region is Huntsville, but other cities of notable size include, Decatur, Florence, Madison, Decatur and Florence share the designation of anchor city for Northwestern Alabama because they are the largest economic centers north of Birmingham and west of Huntsville. Most corporations use Decatur as a hub for the Northwest Alabama region because Huntsville is located further east. However, historically Florence has been the cultural center of the northwest. Locals tend to refer to this area as the Tennessee Valley in reference to the Tennessee River, a section of East Tennessee shares the Tennessee Valley name. Each of the three centers in the region have a distinct type of economic base. The Huntsville area is dominated by high-tech industries and federal operations such as Boeing. Agribusiness plays a role in The Valley. Some of the largest row- crop operations in the state reside on plantations in The Valley, University of North Alabama The University of Alabama in Huntsville Alabama Mountain Lakes Tourist Association List of Appalachian Regional Commission counties#Alabama
21.
Tuscaloosa County, Alabama
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Tuscaloosa County is a county in the U. S. state of Alabama. As of the 2010 census, its population was 194,656 and its county seat and largest city is Tuscaloosa, the former state capital from 1826 to 1845. The county is named in honor of Tuskaloosa, a paramount chief of the Mississippian culture, Tuscaloosa County is included in the Tuscaloosa, AL Metropolitan Statistical Area. The county is the home of the University of Alabama and Stillman College, Tuscaloosa County was established on February 6,1818. During the antebellum years, the crop was cotton, cultivated and processed by African-American slaves. The war brought significant changes, including out of the county by African Americans. By the 1870 census, the population of Tuscaloosa County had decreased about 9% to 11,787. Some freedmen moved to nearby counties and larger cities for more opportunities and they went to Northern and Midwestern industrial cities. Their mass departure is reflected in lower rates of county population growth from 1910 to 1930 and they represented 28. 7% of the population and were still disenfranchised. After passage of the federal Voting Rights Act of 1965, African Americans gained their ability to vote and participate in the political system, in 2015, one of the four elected County Commissioners is African American. Since the late 20th century, white conservatives in Alabama and other states have increasingly supported Republican Party candidates. African Americans have generally supported the Democratic Party, in a realignment of politics in the state since the period after Reconstruction, in the 21st century, the principal agricultural products have included hay, corn, cotton, soybeans, wheat and snapdragons. Major companies in the county have included JVC, Mercedes-Benz U. S. International, Uniroyal-Goodrich, on April 8,1998, an F3 tornado struck northeast of Tuscaloosa. This windstorm injured two people and damaged five homes including mobile homes and it rotated seventeen miles from Holman to north of Northport. Thirty-seven homes were also in destruction, moments later, an F5 tornado struck northeastern Tuscaloosa near the Black Warrior River before entering western Jefferson County. On April 27,2011, Tuscaloosa was hit by a half-mile wide tornado and it resulted in at least 44 deaths, over 1000 injuries, and massive devastation. Officials at DCH Hospital in Tuscaloosa reported treating more than 1000 injured people in the first several days of the tornado aftermath, mayor Walter Maddox was quoted saying that We have neighborhoods that have been basically removed from the map. On April 29, President Obama, upon touring the tornado damage in Tuscaloosa, said I have never seen devastation like this
22.
Etowah County, Alabama
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Etowah County is a county of the U. S. state of Alabama. As of the 2010 census the population was 104,430 and its name is from a Cherokee word meaning edible tree. In total area, it is the smallest county in Alabama, Etowah County comprises the Gadsden, AL Metropolitan Statistical Area. The territory of Etowah County was originally split among the counties, with most of it belonging to DeKalb. It was separated and established as Baine County on December 7,1866, by the first postwar legislature, the county seat was designated as Gadsden. Because of postwar tensions and actions against freedmen, a constitutional convention was called in 1868. During it, this new county was abolished, replaced on December 1,1868 by one aligned to the boundaries and named Etowah County. Most of the Cherokee had been removed in the 1830s to Indian Territory west of the Mississippi River, an F4 tornado struck here on Palm Sunday March 27,1994. According to the U. S. Census Bureau, the county has an area of 549 square miles. It is the smallest county by area in Alabama, DeKalb County - north Cherokee County - east Calhoun County - southeast St. The population density was 193 people per square mile, there were 45,959 housing units at an average density of 86 per square mile. 1. 70% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race,26. 30% of all households were made up of individuals and 12. 40% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.44 and the family size was 2.93. In the county, the population was out with 23. 80% under the age of 18,8. 70% from 18 to 24,27. 40% from 25 to 44,24. 10% from 45 to 64. The median age was 38 years, for every 100 females there were 91.80 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 87.90 males, the median income for a household in the county was $31,170, and the median income for a family was $38,697. Males had an income of $31,610 versus $21,346 for females. The per capita income for the county was $16,783, about 12. 30% of families and 15. 70% of the population were below the poverty line, including 21. 60% of those under age 18 and 13. 70% of those age 65 or over
23.
Calhoun County, Alabama
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Calhoun County is a county in the U. S. state of Alabama. As of the 2010 census, the population was 118,572 and its name is in honor of John C. Calhoun, famous member of the United States Senate from South Carolina, Calhoun County is included in the Anniston-Oxford Metropolitan Statistical Area. Benton County was established on December 18,1832, named for Thomas Hart Benton, Benton, a slave owner, was a political ally of John C. Calhoun, another slaveholder and a U. S. senator from South Carolina, through the 1820s-1840s, however, Bentons and Calhouns political interests diverged, with Calhoun increasingly using secession as a weapon to maintain and expand slavery throughout the United States. Benton, on the hand, was slowly coming to the conclusion that slavery was wrong. On January 29,1858, Alabama supporters of slavery, objecting to Bentons change of heart, in 1870, during widespread terror in the state in the run-up to the 1870 gubernatorial election, four blacks and one white were lynched. The county seat was moved to Anniston after years of controversy, an F4 tornado struck here on Palm Sunday March 27,1994. According to the U. S. Census Bureau, the county has an area of 612 square miles. Cherokee County - northeast Cleburne County - east Talladega County - south St, the population density was 194 people per square mile. There were 53,289 housing units at a density of 87 per square mile. The racial makeup of the county was 74. 9% White,20. 6% Black or African American,0. 5% Native American,0. 7% Asian,0. 1% Pacific Islander,1. 6% from other races, and 1. 7% from two or more races. 3. 3% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race,27. 7% of all households were made up of individuals and 10. 2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.44 and the family size was 2.97. In the county, the population was out with 22. 9% under the age of 18,10. 9% from 18 to 24,24. 8% from 25 to 44,27.1 % from 45 to 64. The median age was 38.2 years, for every 100 females there were 93.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 94.8 males, the median income for a household in the county was $38,407, and the median income for a family was $49,532. Males had an income of $41,599 versus $29,756 for females
24.
Media market
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They can coincide or overlap with one or more metropolitan areas, though rural regions with few significant population centers can also be designated as markets. Conversely, very large areas can sometimes be subdivided into multiple segments. Market regions may overlap, meaning that people residing on the edge of one market may be able to receive content from other nearby markets. They are widely used in measurements, which are compiled in the United States by Nielsen Media Research. Nielsen measures both television and radio audiences since its acquisition of Arbitron, which was completed in September 2013, markets are identified by the largest city, which are usually located in the center of the market region. In the United States, radio markets are generally a bit smaller than their counterparts, as broadcast power restrictions are stricter for radio than TV. AM band and FM band radio ratings are separated, as are broadcast. This information is used by advertisers to determine how to reach a specific audience, a Television Market Area is a group of counties in the United States covered by a specific group of television stations. The term is used by the U. S, governments Federal Communications Commission to regulate broadcast, cable, and satellite transmissions, according to the Code of Federal Regulations, at 47 CFR §76.51 and FCC. gov. The TMAs not only have control over local broadcasts. These market areas can also be used to define restrictions on rebroadcasting of broadcast television signals, generally speaking, only stations within the same market area can be rebroadcast. The only exception to rule is the significantly viewed list. Virtually all of the United States is located within the boundaries of exactly one TMA, a similar term used by Nielsen Media Research is the Designated Market Area, and they control the trademark on it. DMAs are used by Nielsen Media Research to identify TV stations that best reach an area, there are 210 Nielsen DMAs in the United States,56 of which are metered. TMAs may cover a larger area than the stations that serve it. This is particularly true in markets that have hilly or mountainous terrain that is ill-suited for digital broadcasting, in these cases, the outlying areas of a TMA may only be served by cable and satellite, or perhaps by small translators. Conversely, a small market such as Erie, Pennsylvania may have stations where their signal spills well over into neighboring TMAs. Arbitron at one time also maintained similar areas for television ratings, there were 286 ADIs in the United States
25.
Piedmont Atlantic Megaregion
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The megaregion generally follows the Interstate 85/20 corridor. According to Georgia Tech, PAM represents over 12 percent of the total United States population, both studies refer to the area as the Piedmont megalopolis. The western extent of this definition is deeply disconnected from the remainder of the region by the Appalachian Mountains range, other locales mentioned in the Virginia Tech study remain disconnected from the regions core, separated by dozens of miles of deeply rural areas. Both reports highlight the emergent nature of this megalopolis, noting comparatively low urban densities. As of 2005, this region has a population of 19 million, the Piedmont Atlantic central Metropolitan Areas are located on the southern Piedmont region which gives the Megaregion its name. The Piedmont is located between the Appalachian Mountains and the Atlantic coastal plain, the surface relief of the Piedmont is characterized by relatively low, rolling hills with heights above sea level between 200 feet and 800 feet to 1,000 feet. The region has a diverse economy ranging in different industries. Henry W. Grady of the Atlanta Journal-Constitution coined the term New South to describe the American South, the term New South is used in contrast to the Old Souths plantation system of the antebellum period, to a new Industrial region. Since then Atlanta has grown from a railway town into a major business. Atlanta is now considered a Alpha- World City According to GaWC2010 at Loughborough University by the Globalization, Charlotte in the Piedmont Crescent has grown to become a major U. S. financial center, and the nations 2nd largest financial center. Birmingham boom after the Civil War as an industrial center in the Southern United States, the citys economy has diversified into banking, insurance, medicine, publishing. Upstate South Carolina, a region including Greenville, Spartanburg and Anderson has been foreign investment and has become the fastest growing region in the U. S. state of South Carolina. The gateway cities of Savannah, Charleston, and Wilmington all serve as seaports for the Piedmont Atlantic Region, within the PAM there are six international airports, nine when including those located in the aforementioned gateway cities. Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport is the busiest airport in the region, charlotte/Douglas International Airport is the second busiest airport in the region. The Piedmont Atlantic is the fastest growing mega-region in the United States, the mega-region is facing challenges with its growing population, increased traffic congestion, and inadequate infrastructure. Mayors, businesses, and academic professionals have organized the Piedmont Alliance for Quality Growth to help address problems with sustainable solutions. Many of the cities or metropolitan areas face cannot be solved by action on a local scale. A Megaregion as a unit working together is an advantage in economics, the culture of the PAM is a subset of the culture of the greater Southern United States
26.
Deep South
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The Deep South is a cultural and geographic subregion in the Southern United States. Historically, it is differentiated from the Upper South as being the states most dependent on plantation-type agriculture, the Deep South was also commonly referred to as the Lower South or the Cotton States, for their production of cotton as the primary commodity crop. Today, the Deep South is usually delineated as being those states, the seven states that seceded from the United States before the firing on Fort Sumter and the start of the American Civil War, and were the first to form the Confederate States of America. Ultimately the Confederacy included eleven states, in order of secession they are, South Carolina, Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, and Texas. The first six states to secede were those that held the largest number of slaves, a large part of the original Cotton Belt. Some of this is coterminous with the Black Belt, originally referring to areas of Alabama and Mississippi with fertile soil. The term came to be used for much of the Cotton Belt, though often used in history books to refer to the seven states that originally formed the Confederacy, the term Deep South did not come into general usage until long after the Civil War ended. Up until that time, Lower South was the designation for those states. This was the part of the South many considered the most Southern, later, the general definition expanded to include all of South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, and Louisiana, and often taking in bordering areas of East Texas and North Florida. Houston is the largest city of the Deep South region and they sometimes served as overseers on plantations. Georgia -1,132,184 out of 3,009,484 people identified as English, making them 37. 62% of the states total. Mississippi -496,481 people out of 1,551,364 people identified as English, making them 32. 00% of the total, the largest national group by a wide margin. Florida -1,132,033 people out of 5,159,967 identified English as their only ancestry group, making them 21. 94% of the total. Louisiana -440,558 people out of 2,319,259 people identified only as English, making them 19. 00% of the total people and the second-largest ancestry group in the state at the time. Those who wrote only French were 480,711 people out of 2,319,259 people, or 20. 73% of the total state population. Texas -1,639,322 people identified as English only out of a total of 7,859,393 people, making them 20. 86% of the people in the state. These figures to do not take into account people who identified as English, when the two were added together, people who self identified as being of English with other ancestry, made up an even larger portion of southerners. South Carolina was settled earlier than those states commonly classified as the Deep South, the map to the right was prepared by the Census Bureau from the 2000 census, it shows the predominant ancestry in each county as self-identified by residents themselves
27.
Southeastern United States
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The Southeastern United States is the eastern portion of the Southern United States, and the southern portion of the Eastern United States. It comprises 15 states in the southern United States, there is no official Census Bureau definition of the southeastern United States. The OSBO uses the same states, but includes Arkansas and Louisiana, the most populous state in the region is Florida, followed by Georgia, and North Carolina. With tropical air masses influencing the region precipitation is high throughout the year, the tropical air masses do however cause significant hurricanes such as Hurricane Andrew and Hurricane Katrina wreaking havoc and causing significant damage to coastal areas. The winters highly vary depending on latitude and elevation, the Southeast has changed dramatically in the last two generations. Since 1980, there has been a boom in its economy, manufacturing base, high technology industries. Fortune 500 companies having headquarters in the region included 20 in Virginia,16 in Florida,15 in North Carolina and this economic expansion has enabled parts of the South to have of some of the lowest unemployment rates in the United States. In Alabama, there is a manufacturing project owned by the German steel megacorporation Thyssen-Krupp. The Cummings Research Park in the Huntsville, Alabama area is the second largest research complex in the nation, located in Huntsville is the Redstone Arsenal, United States Army Missile Command, the U. S. Space and Rocket Center, NASAs Marshall Space Flight Center and many key government, military. The National High Magnetic Field Laboratory in Tallahassee, Florida is the largest laboratory in the devoted to the study of magnetism. There are a number of universities, with several large research universities which exert influence beyond the region. These include the oldest public universities in the country, the University of Alabama, the region is home to the most historically black colleges and universities in the nation. The three largest in the region are North Carolina A&T University, Florida A&M University, and Jackson State University, on this list New Orleans Refers to the Orleans Parish Population. Therefore the population given is for the entire city excluding other incorporated places lying within the county limits, five Major League Baseball teams play in the Southeast, Washington Nationals, Miami Marlins, Atlanta Braves, Tampa Bay Rays and Baltimore Orioles. The Braves, Nationals and Marlins play in the NL East,4 Major League Lacrosse teams play in the southeast, Chesapeake Bayhawks, Florida Launch, Charlotte Hounds, and the Atlanta Blaze. Seven National Basketball Association teams play in the Southeast, Washington Wizards, Charlotte Hornets, Atlanta Hawks, Memphis Grizzlies, Miami Heat, Orlando Magic and New Orleans Pelicans. The Wizards, Heat, Hornets, Magic and Hawks are in the Eastern Conference, the Sugar Bowl, Orange Bowl, Peach Bowl, and Citrus Bowl are notable college football bowls held in Southeastern cities
28.
Upland South
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The terms Upper South and Upland South refer to the northern part of the Southern United States, in contrast to the Lower South or Deep South. There is a difference in usage between the two terms. The southern Piedmont region is considered part of the Upland South. In contrast, the term Upper South tends to be defined politically by state, the term dates to the early 19th century and the rise of the Lower South, which became noted for its differences from the more northerly parts of the American South. In antebellum times, the term Upper South generally referred to the Slave states north of the Lower or Deep South and this can also include the border states of Kentucky, Missouri, West Virginia, Maryland, or Delaware in the Upper South. Today, although many definitions are based on Civil War-era politics. The Encyclopædia Britannica defines the Upper South as the states of North Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, Kentucky, the Upland South is defined by landforms rather than states but encompasses the same general region. The Upper/Upland South is also described in the Encyclopædia Britannica as the Yeoman South and these two definitions cover the same general area. The Upland South, not being defined by lines, includes parts of Lower South states, such as northwestern South Carolina, North Georgia, North Alabama. It also includes parts of some Northern states, such as Southern Illinois, Southern Indiana, sometimes northeastern Mississippi and western Maryland are included as well. In the same way, the Upland South usually does not include parts of some Upper South states, such as the Mississippi embayment, and the coastal lowlands of North Carolina and Virginia. Despite these differences, the two terms, Upland South and Upper South, refer to the general region — the northern part of the American South — and are frequently used synonymously. The corresponding terms, Lower South and Deep South, similarly refer to the general region to the south of. Likewise, the terms Lower South and Deep South are often used interchangeably, the Upland South differs from the Deep South in several significant ways, terrain, histories, economics, demographics, and patterns of settlement. The Upland South emerged as a region in the late 18th century. Migration and settlement patterns from colonial coastal regions into the interior had been established for many decades, the general pattern was a westward migration from the lowcountry and Piedmont regions of Virginia, North Carolina, and Maryland, as well as a southwestern migration from Pennsylvania. Large numbers of European immigrants arrived in Philadelphia and followed the Great Wagon Road west and south into the Appalachian Highlands and these migration streams from Virginia and Pennsylvania resulted in the Shenandoah Valley becoming well-settled as early as 1750. The early settlers of the Ohio Valley were mainly Upland Southerners, much of the culture of the Upland South originated in southeastern Pennsylvania and spread down the Shenandoah Valley
29.
Appalachian Mountains
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The Appalachian Mountains, often called the Appalachians, are a system of mountains in eastern North America. The Appalachians first formed roughly 480 million years ago during the Ordovician Period and it once reached elevations similar to those of the Alps and the Rocky Mountains before naturally occurring erosion. The Appalachian chain is a barrier to east-west travel, as it forms a series of alternating ridgelines, definitions vary on the precise boundaries of the Appalachians. A common variant definition does not include the Adirondack Mountains, which belong to the Grenville Orogeny and have a different geological history from the rest of the Appalachians. The range covers parts of the islands of Saint Pierre and Miquelon, the system is divided into a series of ranges, with the individual mountains averaging around 3,000 ft. The highest of the group is Mount Mitchell in North Carolina at 6,684 feet, the term Appalachian refers to several different regions associated with the mountain range. Most broadly, it refers to the mountain range with its surrounding hills. The Ouachita Mountains in Arkansas and Oklahoma were originally part of the Appalachians as well, the name was soon altered by the Spanish to Apalachee and used as a name for the tribe and region spreading well inland to the north. Pánfilo de Narváezs expedition first entered Apalachee territory on June 15,1528, now spelled Appalachian, it is the fourth-oldest surviving European place-name in the US. After the de Soto expedition in 1540, Spanish cartographers began to apply the name of the tribe to the mountains themselves. The first cartographic appearance of Apalchen is on Diego Gutierrezs map of 1562, the name was not commonly used for the whole mountain range until the late 19th century. A competing and often more popular name was the Allegheny Mountains, Alleghenies, in the early 19th century, Washington Irving proposed renaming the United States either Appalachia or Alleghania. In U. S. dialects in the regions of the Appalachians. In northern parts of the range, it is pronounced /ˌæpəˈleɪtʃᵻnz/ or /ˌæpəˈleɪʃᵻnz/, the third syllable is like lay. There is often debate between the residents of the regions as to which pronunciation is the more correct one. Elsewhere, a commonly accepted pronunciation for the adjective Appalachian is /ˌæpəˈlætʃiən/, the whole system may be divided into three great sections, Northern, The northern section runs from the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador to the Hudson River. The Monteregian Hills, which cross the Green Mountains in Quebec, are also unassociated with the Appalachians, Central, The central section goes from the Hudson Valley to the New River running through Virginia and West Virginia. Southern, The southern section runs from the New River onwards and it consists of the prolongation of the Blue Ridge, which is divided into the Western Blue Ridge Front and the Eastern Blue Ridge Front, the Ridge-and-Valley Appalachians, and the Cumberland Plateau
30.
Appalachia
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Appalachia is a cultural region in the Eastern United States that stretches from the Southern Tier of New York to northern Alabama, Mississippi and Georgia. As of the 2010 United States Census, the region was home to approximately 25 million people, sociological studies in the 1960s and 1970s helped to re-examine and dispel these stereotypes. While endowed with abundant natural resources, Appalachia has long struggled, by 1990, Appalachia had largely joined the economic mainstream, but still lagged behind the rest of the nation in most economic indicators. Since Appalachia lacks definite physiographical or topographical boundaries, there has been disagreement over what exactly the region encompasses. The most commonly used definition of Appalachia is the one initially defined by the Appalachian Regional Commission in 1965. When the Commission was established, counties were added based on economic need, in 1921, John C. Campbell published The Southern Highlander and His Homeland in which he modified Frosts map to include 254 counties in 9 states. A landmark survey of the region in the decade by the United States Department of Agriculture defined the region as consisting of 206 counties in 6 states. In 1984, Karl Raitz and Richard Ulack expanded the ARCs definition to include 445 counties in 13 states, although they removed all counties in Mississippi and added two in New Jersey. The name was altered by the Spanish to Apalachee and used as a name for the tribe. Pánfilo de Narváezs expedition first entered Apalachee territory on June 15,1528, now spelled Appalachian, it is the fourth oldest surviving European place-name in the U. S. After the de Soto expedition in 1540, Spanish cartographers began to apply the name of the tribe to the mountains themselves. The first cartographic appearance of Apalchen is on Diego Gutiérrez map of 1562, le Moyne was also the first European to apply Apalachen specifically to a mountain range as opposed to a village, native tribe, or a southeastern region of North America. The name was not commonly used for the mountain range until the late 19th century. A competing and often more popular name was the Allegheny Mountains, Alleghenies, in the early 19th century, Washington Irving proposed renaming the United States either Appalachia or Alleghania. In northern U. S. dialects, the mountains are pronounced /æpəˈleɪtʃənz/ or /æpəˈleɪʃənz/, the cultural region of Appalachia is pronounced /æpəˈleɪʃə/, also /æpəˈleɪtʃə/, all with a third syllable like lay. In southern U. S. dialects, the mountains are called the /æpəˈlætʃənz/, and this pronunciation is favored in the core region in central and southern parts of the Appalachian range. The occasional use of the sh sound for the ch in the last syllable in northern dialects was popularized by Appalachian Trail organizations in New England in the early 20th century, Native American hunter-gatherers first arrived in what is now Appalachia over 16,000 years ago. The earliest discovered site is the Meadowcroft Rockshelter in Washington County, several other Archaic period archaeological sites have been identified in the region, such as the St. Albans site in West Virginia and the Icehouse Bottom site in Tennessee
31.
Hoover, Alabama
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Hoover is a city in Jefferson and Shelby counties in north central Alabama, United States. The largest suburb around Birmingham, the population of the city was 84,848 as of the 2015 US Census estimate, Hoover is part of the Birmingham-Hoover, AL Metropolitan Statistical Area and is also included in the Birmingham-Hoover-Talladega, AL Combined Statistical Area. Hoover’s neighborhoods and planned communities are located along the foothills of the Appalachian Mountains, the Riverchase Galleria complex includes shopping, hotel and office space. Michael Jordans brief professional career was with the Barons in 1994. The City of Hoover was incorporated in 1967 and it was named after William H. Hoover, a local insurance company owner. The area had been known as the Green Valley community since the 1930s and was mostly a residential community, in the late 1970s and early 1980s the city was still mostly residential with a small City Hall that included space for the police department. The annexation of the Riverchase business and residential community on September 8,1980 provided a base of large office buildings, a significant change to the city occurred when Interstate I-459 was opened with a major interchange with Interstate I-65 within the city. The most dramatic occurred in 1986 when the Riverchase Galleria shopping-hotel-office complex opened. This significantly increased the tax revenue for the city and it was the catalyst to bring new residents and businesses to the city. The city has extremely fast with annexations and new developments. The city now provides services from many large city facilities including a Municipal Center, a Library, residents and businesses are drawn to the city because of the rolling hills and nice residential areas, schools, city services, shopping, and business communities. The city will continue to boom population wise, the population has risen significantly in Hoover from 2008 and is now 81,619 as of the 2010 Census. Hoover is located at 33°23′11″N 86°48′18″W, according to the U. S. Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 43.65 square miles, of which 43.13 square miles is land and 0.51 square miles is water. The municipal government has operated under the Dictator form of government since incorporation, the Mayor and City Council are elected on a non-partisan basis to concurrent four-year terms of office which begin on October 1 of election year. The Mayor is responsible for carrying out and enforcing the policies and ordinances. The Riverchase Galleria shopping-hotel-office complex provides an amount of tax money to the city as well as being home to many retail, hotel. The Riverchase Office Park, and other parks and buildings throughout Hoover. The Central Business District includes the US31, SR150, I-65 and I-459 intersect in the city
32.
Talladega, Alabama
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Talladega /ˌtæləˈdɪɡə/ is a city in Talladega County, Alabama, United States. At the 2010 census the population was 15,676, the city is the county seat of Talladega County. Talladega is approximately 50 miles east of Birmingham, the city is home to the Alabama Institute for the Deaf and Blind and the Talladega Municipal Airport, a public general aviation airport. The Talladega Superspeedway, Talladega College and the International Motorsports Hall of Fame are located nearby, the First National Bank of Talladega is the oldest bank in the State of Alabama, being founded in 1848. While the towns name is pronounced /ˌtæləˈdɪɡə/ by local inhabitants, the name is pronounced /ˌtæləˈdeɪɡə/ by auto racing fans. According to the U. S. Census Bureau, the city has an area of 24.1 square miles, of which 24.0 square miles is land and 0.077 square miles. The climate in this area is characterized by hot, humid summers, according to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Talladega has a humid subtropical climate, abbreviated Cfa on climate maps. As of the census of 2000, there were 15,143 people,5,836 households, the population density was 634.4 people per square mile. There were 6,457 housing units at a density of 270.5 per square mile. The racial makeup of the city was 56. 15% White,42. 28% Black or African American,0. 18% Native American,0. 30% Asian,0. 02% Pacific Islander,0. 37% from other races, and 0. 70% from two or more races. 0. 90% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race,29. 5% of all households were made up of individuals and 13. 2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.42 and the family size was 2.97. In the city, the population was out with 25. 6% under the age of 18,10. 6% from 18 to 24,25. 2% from 25 to 44,22. 8% from 45 to 64. The median age was 37 years, for every 100 females there were 85.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 79.0 males, the median income for a household in the city was $29,617, and the median income for a family was $36,296. Males had an income of $27,951 versus $21,326 for females. The per capita income for the city was $15,733, about 14. 1% of families and 19. 0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 28. 4% of those under age 18 and 17. 5% of those age 65 or over. As of the census of 2010, there were 15,676 people,5,719 households, the population density was 653.2 people per square mile
33.
Alabaster, Alabama
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Alabaster is a city and southern suburb of Birmingham in Shelby County, Alabama, United States. At the 2010 census, the population was 30,352, according to the 2013 Census Estimates, the city had a population of 31,342. Alabaster is the 16th largest city in Alabama and still a growing population, Alabaster is located at 33°13′52″N 86°49′26″W. Alabaster mostly occupies Cahaba and Opossum Valleys, which are divided by the Pine Ridge that runs north to south. To the east and west, both valleys are flanked by mountain ridges that locally run north to south, but are a part of a larger system of ridges that generally runs north-east to south-west. The valleys are drained by small creeks flow into the Cahaba River. According to the U. S. Census Bureau, the city has an area of 20.6 square miles. Tom Williams lived in Alabaster when he was 3 years old, George L. Scott, Sr. an Alabaster pioneer, owned and operated Alabaster Lime Co. His shipping point was known as “Scott Rock”, later, housing was built to accommodate some of the employees, and the community acquired its name Alabaster from the white calcium carbonate mineral. The First Bank of Alabaster opened in 1952, and its president was George L. Scott, the first attempt in 1952 to incorporate Alabaster failed. In January 1953, the petition was filed, and on February 23,1953, Alabaster was officially incorporated with a favorable vote of 79 to 23. Other Alabaster pioneers were Kenton B, in 1955, the Alabaster Water and Gas Board was formed. As of the census of 2010, there were 30,352 people,11,016 households, and 6,482 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,104.8 people per square mile. The racial makeup of the city was 81. 2% White,15. 0% Black or African American,0. 31% Native American,0. 64% Asian,0. 02% Pacific Islander,2. 2% from other races, and 0. 69% from two or more races. 4. 54% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race,17. 1% of all households were made up of individuals and 3. 6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.73 and the family size was 3.09. In the city, the population was out with 27. 7% under the age of 18,7. 0% from 18 to 24,32. 0% from 25 to 44,25. 0% from 45 to 64. The median age was 35 years, for every 100 females there were 94.7 males
34.
Bessemer, Alabama
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Bessemer is a city southwest of Birmingham in Jefferson County, Alabama, United States, eight miles west of Hoover. The population was 27,456 at the 2010 Census, the town was founded in the postbellum era by the Bessemer Land and Improvement Company, owned by coal magnate Henry F. DeBardeleben, after he had inherited Daniel Pratts investments. The mayor and councilmen voted to incorporate the city of Bessemer on September 9,1887, Bessemer is located at 33°23′29″N 86°57′24″W, about 18 miles southwest of Birmingham, a little north of the center of the state. According to the U. S. Census Bureau, the city has an area of 40.8 square miles. Bessemer is situated in the midst of the ore and limestone district of Alabama. Iron ore was mined on the hills on the citys southeast side, coal was mined to the north and west, all three ingredients were necessary for steelmaking, which led to the area becoming a major steel center from about 1890 through the twentieth century. Steel is no longer made within the city limits, but is manufactured in the neighboring city of Fairfield. The climate in this area is characterized by hot, humid summers, according to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Bessemer has a humid subtropical climate, abbreviated Cfa on climate maps. Bessemer uses the mayor–city council form of government, the council has seven members, elected from single-member districts. As of 2016, Kenneth Gulley is mayor, a position elected at-large and he was first elected in 2010 and reelected to a second term in 2014. A satellite Jefferson County courthouse is located in downtown Bessemer, there is a special county government district known as the Bessemer Cutoff, established in the middle of the 20th century when Bessemer was a major city in its own right. A separate county government was considered a possibility, the Cutoff had a separate series of Alabama license plates, with a different numeric prefix than the rest of the county. Bessemer has since surpassed by other Birmingham suburbs such as Hoover. The term Bessemer Cutoff remains in usage by area residents. The United States Postal Service operates the Bessemer Post Office, the state Alabama Department of Corrections operates the William E. Donaldson Correctional Facility, a prison for men, in unincorporated Jefferson County, Alabama, the prison includes one of the two Alabama death rows for men. In 1900 Bessemer ranked eighth in population in the state, second in amount of capital invested in manufacturing, by 1911 ore mining, iron smelting and the manufacture of iron and coke were the chief industries of Bessemer, truck farming was also an important industry. Both blacks and whites from rural areas were attracted to the city for its work opportunities, gradually African Americans moved into industrial jobs and were part of integrated unions, such jobs enabled working-class families to enjoy middle-class incomes
35.
Calera, Alabama
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Calera is a city in Shelby and Chilton counties in the U. S. state of Alabama. It is the location of the Shelby County Airport, caleras population was 3,158 at the 2000 census. As of the 2010 census the population had more than tripled to 11,620 and it is within the Birmingham-Hoover, Alabama Metropolitan Statistical Area and positively affected by the growth in its economy. Calera is located in southern Shelby County at 33°06′27″N 86°45′00″W, the city limits extend southward into Chilton County along U. S. Route 31, the main highway through the city. Interstate 65 passes through the side of the city, with access from exits 228,231. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has an area of 24.4 square miles, of which 24.1 square miles is land and 0.27 square miles. The city of Calera was incorporated in 1887, and named after the Spanish word for limestone for all of the limestone deposits located in the area. As of the census of 2000, there were 3,158 people,1,248 households, the population density was 244.9 people per square mile. There were 1,400 housing units at a density of 108.6 per square mile. The racial makeup of the city was 77. 42% White,19. 92% Black or African American,0. 19% Native American,0. 54% Asian,0. 06% Pacific Islander,0. 66% from other races, and 1. 20% from two or more races. 1. 90% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race,26. 4% of all households were made up of individuals and 10. 8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.51 and the family size was 3.04. In the city, the population was out with 26. 7% under the age of 18,8. 2% from 18 to 24,31. 7% from 25 to 44,20. 9% from 45 to 64. The median age was 34 years, for every 100 females there were 93.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 85.0 males, the median income for a household in the city was $35,650, and the median income for a family was $42,885. Males had an income of $34,042 versus $21,750 for females. The per capita income for the city was $16,395, about 12. 2% of families and 12. 5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 15. 8% of those under age 18 and 3. 2% of those age 65 or over. As of the census of 2010, there were 11,620 people,4,657 households, the population density was 482.2 people per square mile
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Center Point, Alabama
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Center Point is a newly incorporated city and a former census-designated place in northeastern Jefferson County, Alabama, United States. It is part of the Birmingham metropolitan area, at the 2000 census the population was 22,784. However, after its incorporation in 2002, the boundaries are much smaller than those of the CDP. As of the 2010 census, the population of the city was 16,921. The public high school for Center Point is Center Point High School grades 9th-12th, the public middle school for Center Point is Erwin Middle School grades 6th-8th. Center Point has 2 public elementary schools, Erwin Intermediate School grades 3rd-5th and it is located at 33°38′21″N 86°40′50″W. According to the U. S. Census Bureau, the CDP had an area of 8.1 square miles. According to the 2010 census, there were 16,921 people living in the City of Center Point, hispanics of any race were 4. 8% of the population. As of the census of 2000, there were 22,784 people,8,826 households, the population density was 2,830.4 people per square mile. There were 9,292 housing units at a density of 1,154.3 per square mile. The racial makeup of the CDP was 72. 90% White,24. 23% Black or African American,0. 28% Native American,0. 55% Asian,0. 03% Pacific Islander,1. 02% from other races, and 0. 98% from two or more races. 2. 23% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race,23. 7% of all households were made up of individuals and 8. 6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.56 and the family size was 3.02. In the CDP, the population was out with 26. 6% under the age of 18,8. 8% from 18 to 24,30. 2% from 25 to 44,21. 3% from 45 to 64. The median age was 35 years, for every 100 females there were 89.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 84.8 males, the median income for a household in the CDP was $40,929, and the median income for a family was $46,427. Males had an income of $35,500 versus $25,544 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $18,160, about 7. 7% of families and 9. 5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 12. 2% of those under age 18 and 9. 6% of those age 65 or over
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Chelsea, Alabama
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Chelsea is a city in Shelby County, Alabama, United States. It is part of the Birmingham metropolitan area, Chelsea was incorporated on March 1,1996, with a population of 906. At the 2000 census the population was 2,949, according to the U. S. Census Bureau, the 2010 population for Chelsea was 10,183. Its seasonal campsite for visitors is Hargis Retreat which began in 1984, Chelsea is widely considered the fastest growing city in Shelby County, which is the fastest growing county in the state of Alabama. In 2010, Chelsea had a population of 10,183, at the 2000 census, there were 2,949 people,1,022 households and 849 families residing in the city. The population density was 293.6 per square mile, there were 1,091 housing units at an average density of 108.6 per square mile. The racial makeup of the city was 96. 78% White,0. 78% Black or African American,0. 88% Native American,0. 17% Asian,0. 03% Pacific Islander,0. 58% from other races, and 0. 78% from two or more races. 0. 81% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race,14. 0% of all households were made up of individuals and 4. 1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.86 and the family size was 3.17. 29. 3% of the population wetre under the age of 18,7. 4% from 18 to 24,34. 0% from 25 to 44,22. 1% from 45 to 64, the median age was 34 years. For every 100 females there were 98.9 males, for every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 98.0 males. The median income for a household in the city was $67,083, males had a median income of $46,071 versus $28,403 for females. The per capita income for the city was $24,717, about 5. 5% of families and 7. 2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 8. 4% of those under age 18 and 9. 2% of those age 65 or over. The population of Chelsea is rapidly increasing due to new construction in the area. The largest of these neighborhoods is Chelsea Park, a joint venture between Eddleman Properties and Thornton Homes, which will have about 3000 new homes when completed. Chelsea has five schools in the Shelby County School system, Mt. Laurel Elementary Chelsea Park Elementary Forest Oaks Elementary Chelsea Middle Chelsea High School, the City of Chelsea was incorporated March 1,1996. Its municipal government is headed by the mayor, Tony Picklesimer, and city council members Scott Weygand, David Ingram, Cody Sumners, Tiffany Bittner, and Casey Morris. Gary Bradberry, Charlie Bradberry, and Stanley Smith - NASCAR Fabian Sanchez - Dancing With The Stars member and Mambo King City of Chelsea
38.
Cullman, Alabama
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Cullman is a city and the county seat of Cullman County, Alabama, United States. It is located along Interstate 65, about 50 miles north of Birmingham, as of the 2010 census it had a population of 14,775, with an estimated population of 15,350 in 2015. In the time before European settlement, the area today includes Cullman was originally in the territory of the Cherokee Nation. During the Creek War in 1813, General Andrew Jackson of the U. S. Army dispatched a contingent of troops down the trail, in the 1820s and the 1830s, two toll roads were built linking the Tennessee Valley to present-day Birmingham. The road passed near present-day Vinemont through Cullman, Good Hope, the road was later extended to Elyton in 1827. It then became known as Stouts Road, what later became the Brindley Turnpike became an extension of Stouts Road to Decatur. Cullman later became located between the juncture of the two roads, and they predated the corridor of U. S. Route 31, during the Civil War, the future location of Cullman was the site of the minor Battle of Days Gap. On April 30,1863, Union forces under the command of Colonel Abel Streight won a victory over forces under Confederate General Nathan Bedford Forrest and this battle was part of a campaign and chase known collectively as Streights Raid. Although Streight got the hand in this battle, Forrest would have the last laugh. In one of the humorous moments of the war, Streight sought a truce. Although Streights force was larger than Forrests, while the two were negotiating, Forrest had his troops march repeatedly in a route past the site of the talks. Thinking himself to be outnumbered, Streight surrendered to Forrest on the spot. Cullman itself was founded in 1873 by Colonel John G. Cullmann, Cullmann had been an advocate of democratic reforms in his native Bavaria, and he fled when the autocratic Prussian-dominated regime emerged ascendant after the Revolutions of 1848. Five German families moved to the area in March 1873, in 1874, over the next twenty years, Cullmann encouraged around 100,000 Germans to immigrate to the United States, with many settling in the Cullman area. Cullmann drew on his engineering training in laying out and planning the town. During this period, Cullman underwent considerable growth, German continued to be widely spoken, and Cullmann himself was the publisher of a German-language newspaper. When Cullmann died in 1895, at the age of 72, the site Cullmann selected for his headquarters is now his gravesite. For many years Cullman was a town, with Saint Bernard College serving as the home of several hundred students
39.
Fairfield, Alabama
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Fairfield is a city in western Jefferson County, Alabama, United States. It is part of the Birmingham metropolitan area and is located southeast of Pleasant Grove, the population was 11,117 at the 2010 census. This city was founded in 1910 in which the speaker at the dedication ceremony was former President Theodore Roosevelt. It was originally named Corey, after an executive of U. S. Steel Corporation, the name was later changed to the city in which the President of U. S. Steel lived, Fairfield, Connecticut. It was planned as a city by the Tennessee Coal, Iron and Railroad Company to house workers in their new Fairfield Works plant. It was incorporated on January 1,1919, Fairfield is located at 33°28′37″N 86°55′01″W. According to the U. S. Census Bureau, the city has an area of 3.5 square miles. As of the census of 2000, there were 12,381 people,4,600 households, the population density was 3,503.8 people per square mile. There were 4,960 housing units at a density of 1,403.7 per square mile. The racial makeup of the city was 8. 90% White,90. 23% Black or African American,0. 06% Native American,0. 15% Asian,0. 02% Pacific Islander,0. 17% from other races, and 0. 48% from two or more races. 0. 59% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race,29. 2% of all households were made up of individuals and 12. 0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.55 and the family size was 3.17. In the city, the population was out with 26. 7% under the age of 18,11. 9% from 18 to 24,25. 2% from 25 to 44,22. 3% from 45 to 64. The median age was 36 years, for every 100 females there were 79.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 73.4 males, the median income for a household in the city was $27,845, and the median income for a family was $38,552. Males had an income of $30,833 versus $25,143 for females. The per capita income for the city was $14,607, about 16. 5% of families and 21. 5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 27. 7% of those under age 18 and 25. 3% of those age 65 or over. As of the census of 2010, there were 11,117 people,4,229 households, the population density was 3,176.3 people per square mile
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Forestdale, Alabama
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Forestdale is an unincorporated community and census-designated place in Jefferson County, Alabama, United States. It is north of the Birmingham city neighborhood of Ensley, at the 2010 census the population was 10,162. Forestdale is located at 33°34′27″N 86°54′11″W, according to the U. S. Census Bureau, the community has a total area of 6.9 square miles, all land. As of the census of 2000, there were 10,509 people,4,161 households, the population density was 1,523.0 people per square mile. There were 4,357 housing units at a density of 631.4 per square mile. The racial makeup of the community was 52. 87% White,45. 92% Black or African American,0. 16% Native American,0. 35% Asian,0. 17% from other races,0. 46% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. 23. 1% of all households were made up of individuals and 11. 2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 2.53 and the average family size was 2.97. In the community, the population was out with 22. 8% under the age of 18,7. 4% from 18 to 24,26. 1% from 25 to 44,26. 3% from 45 to 64. The median age was 41 years, for every 100 females there were 88.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 84.7 males, the median income for a household in the community was $43,111, and the median income for a family was $51,188. Males had an income of $36,048 versus $30,135 for females. The per capita income for the community was $19,954, about 4. 4% of families and 6. 4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 5. 4% of those under age 18 and 8. 8% of those age 65 or over. As of the census of 2010, there were 10,162 people,3,963 households, the population density was 1,500 people per square mile. There were 4,365 housing units at a density of 632 per square mile. The racial makeup of the community was 71. 4% Black or African American,26. 2% White,0. 2% Native American,0. 2% Asian,0. 9% from other races,1. 4% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. 25. 2% of all households were made up of individuals and 9. 3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 2.56 and the average family size was 3.06. In the community, the population was out with 23. 2% under the age of 18,7. 9% from 18 to 24,23. 9% from 25 to 44,30. 2% from 45 to 64. The median age was 40.9 years, for every 100 females there were 86.8 males
41.
Gardendale, Alabama
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Gardendale is a city in Jefferson County, Alabama, and a northern suburb of Birmingham. The population was 13,893 at the 2010 census, a large farm settlement near the area today known as Gardendale was settled around 1825. Some years later, other settlers began to move into the community known as Jugtown. Some years later, Hettie Thomason Cargo, a school teacher, in 1906, the name Gardendale was selected, and in 1955, the City of Gardendale was officially incorporated. Today, with more than 13,000 residents, the city of Gardendale has grown to more than 400 businesses,4 schools. In 1996, the Olympic torch run passed through the city during the leading up to the 1996 Summer Olympic Games in Atlanta. Before Interstate 65 was constructed, the route between Nashville, Tennessee and Birmingham, Alabama was U. S. Route 31. Prior to being built as a road, U. S.31 was a twisting two-lane road that is still largely visible today. From the north end of Gardendale, it is now Snow Rogers Road, North Road, Moncrief Road, and then Main Street southward through the city to the Fultondale city limit where it becomes Stouts Road. The first traffic signals in the city were located along U. S.31 at Tarrant Road, Fieldstown Road, a new signal at the intersection of Fieldstown Road and Main Street near city hall replaced a blinking signal shortly thereafter. Fieldstown Road was a two lane road from U. S.31 westward until Interstate 65 was built and then Fieldstown Road was re-routed onto the new road in the mid-1980s. An abundance of traffic signals have been erected in the city since early days. In approximately 1970, the city installed street lights along U. S.31 from the Fultondale city limits northward to the Moncrief Road intersection, the technology at that time was for blue vapor lights. Today, nearly 40 years later those same blue vapor lights still exist with some being replaced with the more modern bulbs near major intersections, since 1980, Gardendale has annexed considerable amounts of land on the north, east, and west sides. Much of the area is uninhabited. The western annexation is centered along Fieldstown Road, most of the newest residential development has been in this area and along Shady Grove Road south of Fieldstown Road. The northern annexation has centered along US31 and extends nearly 2 miles farther north than 1980, the city has a working historical society, established January 23,2006, that is working to record the history of the Gardendale area. They have a museum that is open to the public on Saturday mornings each week and it contains a variety of photographs, documents, and other historical memorabilia from Gardendale
42.
Homewood, Alabama
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Homewood is a city in southeastern Jefferson County, Alabama, United States. It is a suburb of Birmingham, located on the side of Red Mountain due south of the city center. Its estimated 2015 population is 25,708, Homewood is located at 33°28′6″N 86°48′29″W. According to the U. S. Census Bureau, the city has an area of 8.3 square miles. The city, along with the rest of Jefferson County, lies atop iron, coal, Shades Creek, which is part of the Cahaba River system, runs through Homewood. As of the census of 2000, there were 25,043 people,10,688 households, the population density was 3,014.7 people per square mile. There were 11,494 housing units at a density of 1,383.6 per square mile. The racial makeup of the city was 79. 75% White,15. 30% Black or African-American,0. 20% Native American,2. 57% Asian,0. 03% Pacific Islander,1. 00% from other races, and 1. 16% from two or more races. 2. 80% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race,36. 2% of all households were made up of individuals and 9. 4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.16 and the family size was 2.87. In the city, the population was out with 20. 3% under the age of 18,17. 8% from 18 to 24,34. 0% from 25 to 44,17. 3% from 45 to 64. The median age was 30 years, for every 100 females there were 86.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 81.9 males, the median income for a household in the city was $55,431, and the median income for a family was $70,256. Males had an income of $40,969 versus $34,694 for females. The per capita income for the city was $25,491, about 4. 4% of families and 7. 6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 4. 5% of those under age 18 and 4. 3% of those age 65 or over. As of the census of 2010, there were 25,167 people,10,092 households, the population density was 3,032.2 people per square mile. There were 11,385 housing units at a density of 1,371.7 per square mile. The racial makeup of the city was 69. 696% White,17. 3% Black or African-American,0. 2% Native American,2. 2% Asian,0. 0% Pacific Islander,5, 000% from other races, and 1. 4% from two or more races
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Helena, Alabama
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Helena is a city in Jefferson and Shelby Counties in the State of Alabama. Helena is considered a suburb of Birmingham and part of the Birmingham-Hoover Metropolitan Area, as of the 2010 census the population was 16,793. Helena is highly regarded as a place to live and raise children, Business Week named Helena the 13th Best Place to Raise Your Kids in 2007. It has the eighth lowest crime rate per population in the U. S. the Alabama League of Municipalities awarded Helena the 2008 Municipal Achievement Award. Helena initially incorporated in 1877, but reincorporated in 1917 after errors were discovered in the incorporation papers. It did not first appear on the U. S. Census until 1920, the community that would become Helena started in 1845 as the town of Cove. In 1856 the town changed its name to Hillsboro, at the time as a rolling mill was built. This rolling mill would produce arms for the Confederacy and would later be destroyed by Union raiders at the end of the Civil War, during Reconstruction, railroads would be extended through Helena as part of the post-war development of central Alabama’s mineral resources. The Louisville & Nashville Railroad sent an engineer named Pete Boyle to survey a route south from Birmingham to Montgomery, the station established near the town of Hillsboro was named Helena after Boyle’s sweetheart, Helen Lee. After the area around the developed and encompassed the town of Hillsboro. The Citys first mayor was M. H, Fire swept through the city in 1895, destroying many structures in the downtown area and along Buck Creek. Around 1920 the boom ended with the closing of the coal mines, the population declined as residents moved in search of jobs. The Great Depression dealt Helena another blow, as did the devastating 1933 tornado which killed 14, injured 150, Helena remained a small town in the largely rural county until suburban growth from Birmingham reached Helena in the late 20th century. Numerous residential and commercial developments spurred improvements in city facilities and services, by the early 21st century, Helena was experiencing large population gains, and growing pains, as a result of its convenient location and high quality of life. Helena is located at 33°16′47″N 86°51′22″W, according to the U. S. Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 17.1 square miles, of which 17.1 square miles is land and 0.04 square miles is water. The Cahaba River and its tributary Buck Creek run through Helena, Buck Creek is dammed upstream of Alabama State Route 261 in the Old Town area to form Lake Davidson which was used for recreation and water wheel power at the turn of the 20th century. Fishing, wading, and canoeing are popular uses of both waterways, Helena sits at the foothills of the very southern extent of the Appalachian Mountains as they descend into the Gulf of Mexico coastal plain. The area is rolling hills with numerous small streams, undeveloped areas are primarily mixed woodlands
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Hueytown, Alabama
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Hueytown is a city in western Jefferson County, Alabama, United States. It is part of the Birmingham metropolitan area, at the 2010 census the population was 16,105. It was the home of the legendary NASCAR Alabama Gang and it also made international headlines in 1992 with the unexplained Hueytown Hum, a mysterious noise believed to be related to large ventilation fans for an underground coal mine in the area. The northern area of city was damaged by an EF4 tornado on April 27,2011. This city is located at 33°26′16″N 86°59′51″W, according to the U. S. Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 11.6 square miles, of which 11.6 square miles is land and 0.04 square miles is water. Easily accessible from I-20/59 Exits 112 &115 As of the census of 2000, there were 15,364 people,6,155 households, the population density was 1,323.7 people per square mile. There were 6,519 housing units at a density of 561.7 per square mile. The racial makeup of the city was 83. 81% White,15. 49% Black or African American,0. 14% Native American,0. 13% Asian,0. 08% from other races,0. 47% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. 23. 9% of all households were made up of individuals and 10. 9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 2.47 and the average family size was 2.92. In the city, the population was out with 22. 2% under the age of 18,8. 6% from 18 to 24,27. 6% from 25 to 44,24. 4% from 45 to 64. The median age was 39 years, for every 100 females there were 90.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 86.4 males, as of the census of 2010, there were 16,105 people,6,412 households, and 4,517 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,388.4 people per square mile, there were 6,998 housing units at an average density of 603.3 per square mile. The racial makeup of the city was 70. 0% White,27. 2% Black or African American,0. 3% Native American,0. 5% Asian,1. 1% from other races,2. 0% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. 26. 4% of all households were made up of individuals and 11. 3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 2.49 and the average family size was 2.99. In the city, the population was out with 22. 3% under the age of 18,7. 8% from 18 to 24,26. 0% from 25 to 44,27. 4% from 45 to 64. The median age was 40 years, for every 100 females there were 89.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.2 males, the median income for a household in the city was $41,225, and the median income for a family was $49,380
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Irondale, Alabama
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Irondale is a city in Jefferson County, Alabama, United States. It is a suburb of Birmingham, northeast of Homewood and Mountain Brook, at the 2010 census the population was 12,349. The setting of the book Fried Green Tomatoes, by Irondale native Fannie Flagg, is based on the town. Irondale is also the location of Catholic radio/television broadcaster EWTN, the citys annual Whistle-Stop Festival attracts thousands to its eclectic mix of art, food and music. On October 5,1887, the town incorporated as Irondale, the 1916 Irondale earthquake was felt in neighboring states. In 1981, Mother Angelica founded the Eternal Word Television Network, according to the U. S. Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 9.0 square miles, of which 9.0 square miles is land and 0. 11% is water. According to the 2010 census results, the population of the area was approximately 12,349 people, from 2000 to 2010, Irondale’s population growth percentage was 25. 8%. 23. 1% of the Irondale city residents were under 18 years of age, Census 2010 race data for Irondale city include the racial breakdown percentages of 56. 33% white,35. 38% black,1. 43% Asian and 7. 78% Hispanic. Also, there were 5,495 housing units in Irondale city,92. 5% of which were occupied housing units, marion Hobby, co-defensive coordinator for the Clemson University football team http, //censusviewer. com/city/AL/Irondale City of Irondale Irondale Public Library IrondaleToday. com
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Jasper, Alabama
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Jasper is a city in Walker County, Alabama, United States. At the 2010 census the population was 14,352, up from 14,052 in 2000, the city is the county seat of Walker County, and once ranked among the worlds leading producers of coal. The town is also the location of the SyFy Channels documentary show Town of the Living Dead, Jasper, named in honor of Sergeant William Jasper, an American Revolutionary War hero, was settled around 1815, but was not incorporated until August 18,1886. During the Civil War, Union troops marching toward Selma burned the courthouse and several buildings in town. The first significant growth of the area was realized in 1886, when the Kansas City-Memphis & Birmingham, the population grew from 200 people in 1886 to more than 3,000 in 1890. President Franklin Roosevelt visited the town in 1940 to attend a service for his friend and supporter. Jasper has several sites listed on the National Register of Historic Places and these include the John Hollis Bankhead House, First United Methodist Church, Jasper Downtown Historic District, and Walker County Hospital. Jasper is located at 33°50′32″N 87°16′38″W, according to the U. S. Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 26.9 square miles, of which 26.9 square miles is land and 0. 04% is water. As of the census of 2000, there were 14,052 people,5,728 households, the population density was 523.0 people per square mile. There were 6,473 housing units at a density of 240.9 per square mile. The racial makeup of the city was 84. 15% White,13. 98% Black or African American,0. 21% Native American,0. 53% Asian,0. 02% Pacific Islander,2. 7% some other race, and 1. 4% two or more races. 4. 4% of the population was Hispanic,29. 7% of all households were made up of individuals and 13. 2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.38, and the family size was 2.93. In the city, the population was out with 21. 5% under the age of 18,8. 1% from 18 to 24,24. 4% from 25 to 44,27. 7% from 45 to 64. The median age was 41.5 years, for every 100 females there were 90.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 95.3 males, the median income for a household in the city was $41,586, and the median income for a family was $54,059. Males had an income of $51,548 versus $35,248 for females. The per capita income for the city was $27,927, about 14. 8% of families and 16. 7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 29. 5% of those under age 18 and 11. 1% of those age 65 or over
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Leeds, Alabama
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Leeds is a tri-county municipality located in Jefferson, St. Clair, and Shelby counties in the State of Alabama and is an eastern suburb of Birmingham. As of the 2010 census, the population of the city was 11,773, Leeds was founded in 1877, during the final years of the post-Civil War Reconstruction Era. It housed the workers and their families of Lehigh, a Portland cement manufacturing plant, the War of 1812, geography, geology, and three cultures shaped the history of Leeds. The early settlers built churches and schools with many remaining in Cedar Grove, Oak Ridge, Ohanafeefee, the principal survey of Leeds was entered into Jefferson County Map Book 10, page 21, in 1908. James Hamilton, a Scottish-Irish American veteran of the War of 1812 and first sheriff of Shelby County, John Richard Ingram Pashal Stewart, a Cherokee English teacher and American veteran of the War of 1812, settled at Ohanafeefee Village c.1840. At Oak Ridge in 1820 or 1821, European settlers formed Shiloh Cumberland Presbyterian Church, by 1887, the original railroad pioneers included free African-American settlers who came to work at the Leeds cement plant and the Central of Georgia as the Georgia Pacific railroads. The tale of John Henry was believed to have originated in Leeds, in this folk story, John Henry, the steel-drivin man, raced and won against a steam engine in the laying of railroad that penetrated the Oak Mountain Tunnel in Leeds. Based on documentation that corresponds with the account of C. C, spencer, who claimed in the 1920s to have witnessed the contest, Garst speculates that John Henry may have been a man named Henry who was born a slave to P. A. L. Dabney, the father of the engineer of that railroad. Since 2007, the city of Leeds has honored John Henrys legend during a festival held on the third weekend in September. Leeds is located at 33°32′44″N 86°33′27″W, primarily within Jefferson County. According to the U. S. Census Bureau, the city has an area of 22.5 square miles. As of the census of 2010, there were 11,773 people, the population density was 514.9 people per square mile. There were 5,221 housing units at a density of 205.2 per square mile. The racial makeup of the city was 78. 7% White,14. 3% Black or African American,0. 4% Native American,0. 6% Asian,0. 1% Pacific Islander,6. 6% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. There were 4,818 households out of which 21. 9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 52% had a householder with no husband present. 14. 8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 2.48. Not much family data was found, in the city, the population was spread out with 21. 9% under the age of 18 and 14. 8% who were 65 years of age or older
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Mountain Brook, Alabama
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Mountain Brook is a town in southeastern Jefferson County, Alabama, United States and a suburb of Birmingham. Its estimated 2015 population is 20,691 and it is one of the states most affluent places. The city was developed in 1929 by real-estate businessman Robert Jemison, Jr. as an extensive residential subdivision along the ridges known as Red Mountain. It was incorporated on May 24,1942, the plans, by Boston-based landscape architect Warren H. Most of Mountain Brooks development preserved the existing trees,92. 03% is under tree cover, residential sections such as Cherokee Bend, Brookwood Forest, Overton, and Crestline have houses in a forest setting, with a recreational network of bridle paths. This has protected the area from urban encroachment, Mountain Brook is the location of the first office park in the U. S. built in 1955. It featured the then novel concepts of free parking and low-profile office buildings surrounded by waterspouts. A new city hall, including a fire and police station, was completed in 2013, the city is located at 33°29′13″N 86°44′26″W. According to the U. S. Census Bureau, it has an area of 12.2 square miles. As of the census of 2010, there were 20,413 people,7,731 households, the population density was 1,673.2 people per square mile. There were 8,266 housing units at a density of 675.8 per square mile. The racial makeup of the city was 97. 2% White,1. 0% Black or African American,0. 1% Native American,0. 9% Asian,0. 0% Pacific Islander,0. 2% from other races, and 0. 6% from two or more races. 1. 0% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race,22. 0% of all households were made up of individuals and 9. 9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.64 and the family size was 3.12. The population was out with 29. 3% under the age of 18,4. 5% from 18 to 24,20. 8% from 25 to 44,29. 7% from 45 to 64. The median age was 41.9 years, for every 100 females there were 89.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 85.4 males, the median income for a household was $130,721, and the median income for a family was $164,750. Males had an income of $124,224 versus $54,420 for females
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Moody, Alabama
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Moody is a city in St. Clair County, Alabama, United States. At the 2010 census the population was 11,726, Moody is located at 33°35′33″N 86°29′47″W. According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has an area of 24.0 square miles. As of the 2010 census, there were 20,017 people,5,816 households, the population density was 834.04 people per square mile. There were 3,317 housing units at a density of 138.8 per square mile. The racial makeup of the town was 94. 09% White,3. 81% Asian American, African American,0. 42% Native American,0. 22% Asian,0. 37% from other races, and 1. 08% from two or more races. 1. 09% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race,22. 2% of all households were made up of individuals and 8. 1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.58 and the family size was 3.02. In the town, the population was out with 26. 2% under the age of 18,7. 8% from 18 to 24,31. 6% from 25 to 44,23. 6% from 45 to 64. The median age was 36 years, for every 100 females there were 95.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.8 males, the median income for a household in the town was $39,500, and the median income for a family was $43,767. Males had an income of $38,150 versus $26,089 for females. The per capita income for the town was $18,208, about 12. 0% of families and 12. 6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 13. 9% of those under age 18 and 12. 2% of those age 65 or over. Administered by the St. Clair County Board of Education, Moody Elementary School Moody Middle School Moody Jr
