Bishops of Rome under Constantine the Great
Constantine the Great's (272–337) relationship with the four Bishops of Rome during his reign is an important component of the history of the Papacy, and more generally the history of the Catholic Church.
Raphael's The Vision of the Cross depicts a cross instead of the Chi Rho.
A fresco in the Benedictine monastery of Santi Quattro Coronati depicts Constantine offering his crown to Sylvester.
The coins of Constantine continued to depict Roman god Sol Invictus ("Unconquered Sun") until about 315.
The modern facade of the Lateran Palace
According to Roman Catholicism, the history of the papacy, the office held by the pope as head of the Catholic Church, spans from the time of Peter to the present day.
According to Catholic doctrine, the popes are successors of Saint Peter (kneeling, right)
Raphael's The Baptism of Constantine depicts Sylvester I instead of his actual baptizer Eusebius of Nicomedia, an Arian bishop.
Justinian I re-conquered Rome and appointed the next three popes.
The papal palace in Viterbo...