Bit shank
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The bit shank is the side piece or cheekpiece of a curb bit, part of the bridle, used when riding on horses. The bit shank allows leverage to be added to the pressure of the rider's hands on the bit. Shanks are usually made of metal, may be straight or curved, and may be decorated in some disciplines. The headstall and curb chain or curb strap of the bridle is attached to the top of the shank, and the reins are attached at the bottom. Shanked curb bits are used in western riding for nearly all adult horses, and are seen in English riding disciplines primarily as part of the double bridle used by advanced dressage riders, and on the hybrid pelham bit that includes a ring for a second rein attached at the bit mouthpiece.
A classic "Santa Barbara" style bit shank, designed for western riding and decorated with silver for use at horse shows
This photo shows all possible elements of a western shanked bit, including loose cheek, "slobber bar," mouthpiece, curb rein ring, snaffle rein slot, and curb chain that applies leverage to the chin groove.
A shank on a spade bit in a horse's mouth.
This photo shows all the elements of an English shanked bit, including cheek, rings for both snaffle and curb reins, a small attachment point for a lip strap, curb hooks for a curb chain, mouthpiece and curb chain
Curb bit
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A curb bit is a type of bit used for riding horses that uses lever action. It includes the pelham bit and the Weymouth curb along with the traditional "curb bit" used mainly by Western riders.
A Western style curb bit with leather curb strap
An English style Weymouth curb
A decorative fixed shank on a western Salinas-style curb bit
Bit shanks, such as those on this spade bit, work as a lever