1.
Rye bread
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Rye bread is a type of bread made with various proportions of flour from rye grain. It can be light or dark in color, depending on the type of flour used and the addition of coloring agents and it is higher in fiber than white bread and is often darker in color and stronger in flavor. Dark rye bread was considered a staple through the Middle Ages, around 500 AD, the Saxons and Danes settled in Britain and introduced rye, which was well suited to its temperate climates. While rye and wheat are genetically similar enough to interbreed, their biochemistries differ enough that they affect the breadmaking process, the key issue is differing amylases, the enzyme which breaks starch down into sugar. While wheat amylases are generally not heat-stable and thus do not affect stronger wheat gluten that gives wheat bread its structure, since rye gluten is not particularly strong, rye dough structure is based on complex polysaccharides, including rye starch and pentosans. As a result, amylases in rye flour can break down dough structure, lowering dough pH, however, compromises the use of relatively acid-intolerant Saccharomyces cerevisiae-based bakers yeast. Instead, addition of naturally acidic Lactobacillus sourdough cultures lowers bread pH, facilitating growth of an acid-tolerant yeast strain, the byproduct of this approach is lighter breads. Its added gluten compensates for amylase activity on the starch in the dough, the deli rye tradition in the United States is based upon this mixing of grains. Use of high-gluten wheat flour also makes possible multigrain breads, such as the rye and Indian bread of the American colonies, rye bread contains phenolic acids and ferulic acid dehydrodimers. Pure rye bread contains only rye flour, without any wheat, rye and wheat flours are often used to produce a rye bread with a lighter texture, color and flavor than pumpernickel. Light or dark rye flour can be used to make rye bread, caramel or molasses for coloring and caraway seeds are often added to rye bread. In the United States, breads labeled as rye nearly always contain caraway unless explicitly labeled as unseeded, in Canada, breads labeled as rye often have no seeds, whereas breads labeled as kimmel are usually rye with caraway seeds. Some unique rye bread recipes include ground spices such as fennel, coriander, aniseed, cardamom, in addition to caramel and molasses, ingredients such as coffee, cocoa, or toasted bread crumbs are sometimes used for both color and flavor in very dark breads like pumpernickels. The addition of caraway seeds to rye bread is to counter the bloating that can be caused by the fiber content of rye. Caraway has well-known anti-flatulence properties, however, the association is so long-standing that the combination is now almost inseparable. A simple, all-rye bread can be using a sourdough starter and rye meal, it will not rise as high as a wheat bread. Such bread is known as black bread from their darker color than wheat breads. The German Vollkornbrot is something of an example, containing both rye meal and cracked whole rye grains
2.
Laia Marull
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Laia Marull Quintana is a Spanish actress. She has won three Goya Awards — Best New Actress for Fugitives, Best Actress for Take My Eyes and she was also nominated for European Film Award for Best Actress for Take My Eyes. Marull is known for her work on film, television and stage, Marull was born as Laia Marull Quintana on 4 January 1973 in Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. She began her career in an amateurish theatre, Marull is fluent in Spanish, Catalan and French, and has performed in all these languages. Marull is good friends with Canadian actress Sandra Oh and she stated she would like to work with Spanish actor Javier Bardem, who had won five Goya Awards and an Academy Award. Laia Marull at the Internet Movie Database
3.
Catalan language
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Catalan is a Romance language derived from Vulgar Latin and named after the medieval Principality of Catalonia, in northeastern modern Spain and adjoining parts of France. It is the national and only language of Andorra, and a co-official language of the Spanish autonomous communities of Catalonia, the Balearic Islands. It also has status in the commune of Alghero, situated on the northwestern coast of the island of Sardinia. All these territories are often called Catalan Countries. 4% with Catalan and 47. 5% only Spanish, in order to integrate newcomers, the Generalitat de Catalunya spends part of its annual budget on the promotion of the use of Catalan in Catalonia and in other territories. Catalan evolved from Vulgar Latin in the Middle Ages around the eastern Pyrenees, during the Low Middle Ages it saw a golden age as the literary and dominant language of the Crown of Aragon, and was widely used all over the Mediterranean. The union of Aragon with the territories of Spain in 1479 marked the start of the decline of the language. In 1659 Spain ceded Northern Catalonia to France, and Catalan was banned in both states in the early 18th century, 19th-century Spain saw a Catalan literary revival, which culminated in the 1913 orthographic standardization, and the official status of the language during the Second Spanish Republic. However, the Francoist dictatorship banned the use of Catalan in schools and in the public administration, there is no parallel in Europe for such a large, bilingual, non-state speech community. Catalan dialects are relatively uniform, and are mutually intelligible and they are divided into two blocks, Eastern and Western, differing mostly in pronunciation. The terms Catalan and Valencian are two varieties of the same language, there are two institutions regulating the two standard varieties, the Institute of Catalan Studies in Catalonia and the Valencian Academy of the Language in the Valencian Community. Catalan shares many traits with its neighboring Romance languages, thus, the similarities are naturally most notable with eastern Occitan. Nouns have two genders, and two numbers, pronouns additionally can have a neuter gender, and some are also inflected for case and politeness, and can be combined in very complex ways. Verbs are split in several paradigms and are inflected for person, number, tense, aspect, mood, in terms of pronunciation, Catalan has many words ending in a wide variety of consonants and some consonant clusters, in contrast with many other Romance languages. The word Catalan derives from the territory of Catalonia, itself of disputed etymology, in English, the term referring to a person first appears in the mid 14th century as Catelaner, followed in the 15th century as Catellain. It is attested a language name since at least 1652, Catalan can be pronounced as /ˈkætəlæn/, /kætəˈlæn/ or /ˈkætələn/. The endonym is pronounced /kə. təˈɫa/ in the Eastern Catalan dialects, in the Valencian Community, the term valencià is frequently used instead. The names Catalan and Valencian are two names for the same language, see also status of Valencian below. By the 9th century, Catalan had evolved from Vulgar Latin on both sides of the end of the Pyrenees, as well as the territories of the Roman province of Hispania Tarraconensis to the south
4.
Catalan-language
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Catalan is a Romance language derived from Vulgar Latin and named after the medieval Principality of Catalonia, in northeastern modern Spain and adjoining parts of France. It is the national and only language of Andorra, and a co-official language of the Spanish autonomous communities of Catalonia, the Balearic Islands. It also has status in the commune of Alghero, situated on the northwestern coast of the island of Sardinia. All these territories are often called Catalan Countries. 4% with Catalan and 47. 5% only Spanish, in order to integrate newcomers, the Generalitat de Catalunya spends part of its annual budget on the promotion of the use of Catalan in Catalonia and in other territories. Catalan evolved from Vulgar Latin in the Middle Ages around the eastern Pyrenees, during the Low Middle Ages it saw a golden age as the literary and dominant language of the Crown of Aragon, and was widely used all over the Mediterranean. The union of Aragon with the territories of Spain in 1479 marked the start of the decline of the language. In 1659 Spain ceded Northern Catalonia to France, and Catalan was banned in both states in the early 18th century, 19th-century Spain saw a Catalan literary revival, which culminated in the 1913 orthographic standardization, and the official status of the language during the Second Spanish Republic. However, the Francoist dictatorship banned the use of Catalan in schools and in the public administration, there is no parallel in Europe for such a large, bilingual, non-state speech community. Catalan dialects are relatively uniform, and are mutually intelligible and they are divided into two blocks, Eastern and Western, differing mostly in pronunciation. The terms Catalan and Valencian are two varieties of the same language, there are two institutions regulating the two standard varieties, the Institute of Catalan Studies in Catalonia and the Valencian Academy of the Language in the Valencian Community. Catalan shares many traits with its neighboring Romance languages, thus, the similarities are naturally most notable with eastern Occitan. Nouns have two genders, and two numbers, pronouns additionally can have a neuter gender, and some are also inflected for case and politeness, and can be combined in very complex ways. Verbs are split in several paradigms and are inflected for person, number, tense, aspect, mood, in terms of pronunciation, Catalan has many words ending in a wide variety of consonants and some consonant clusters, in contrast with many other Romance languages. The word Catalan derives from the territory of Catalonia, itself of disputed etymology, in English, the term referring to a person first appears in the mid 14th century as Catelaner, followed in the 15th century as Catellain. It is attested a language name since at least 1652, Catalan can be pronounced as /ˈkætəlæn/, /kætəˈlæn/ or /ˈkætələn/. The endonym is pronounced /kə. təˈɫa/ in the Eastern Catalan dialects, in the Valencian Community, the term valencià is frequently used instead. The names Catalan and Valencian are two names for the same language, see also status of Valencian below. By the 9th century, Catalan had evolved from Vulgar Latin on both sides of the end of the Pyrenees, as well as the territories of the Roman province of Hispania Tarraconensis to the south
5.
84th Academy Awards
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During the ceremony, the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences presented Academy Awards in 24 categories. The ceremony was televised in the United States by ABC, and produced by Brian Grazer and Don Mischer, Actor Billy Crystal hosted the show for the ninth time. He first presided over the 62nd ceremony held in 1990 and had last hosted the 76th ceremony held in 2004, in related events, the Academy held its third annual Governors Awards ceremony at the Grand Ballroom of the Hollywood and Highland Center on November 12,2011. On February 11,2012, in a ceremony at the Beverly Wilshire Hotel in Beverly Hills, California, the telecast garnered more than 39 million viewers in the United States. The nominees for the 84th Academy Awards were announced on January 24,2012, PST at the Samuel Goldwyn Theater in Beverly Hills, California, by Tom Sherak, president of the Academy, and the actress Jennifer Lawrence. Hugo led all nominees with eleven nominations, The Artist came in second with ten, the winners were announced during the awards ceremony on February 26,2012. The Artist was the silent feature to win Best Picture. The 1927 film Wings was the first such film to achieve this distinction at the awards ceremony in 1929. Moreover, it was also the first black-and-white feature to win Best Picture since 1993s Schindlers List, Best Actor winner Jean Dujardin became the first French actor to win an Oscar. With her latest win for Best Actress, Meryl Streep became the performer to win at least three acting Oscars. At age 82, Best Supporting Actor winner Christopher Plummer also made Oscar history by becoming the oldest ever performer to win a competitive acting Oscar, winners are listed first, highlighted in boldface, and indicated with a double dagger. The Academy held its 3rd Annual Governors Awards ceremony on November 12,2011, James Earl Jones — For his legacy of consistent excellence and uncommon versatility. Dick Smith — For his unparalleled mastery of texture, shade, form, oprah Winfrey The following individuals, listed in order of appearance, presented awards or performed musical numbers. Because of the viewership of recent Academy Awards ceremonies, the Academy sought ideas to revamp the show while renewing interest with the nominated films. After a two-year experiment with ten Best Pictures nominees, AMPAS president Tom Sherak announced that the number of final nominees can now range from five to ten as opposed a fixed number. Academy then-executive director Bruce Davis explained, A Best Picture nomination should be an indication of extraordinary merit, If there are only eight pictures that truly earn that honor in a given year, we shouldnt feel an obligation to round out the number. Changes in the Best Animated Feature also were announced, originally, the Academy selected director Brett Ratner as co-producer of the ceremony with Don Mischer in August 2011. Actor and comedian Eddie Murphy was hired by Ratner to preside over hosting duties, Murphy subsequently stepped down as host the following day
6.
Spanish Civil War
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Ultimately, the Nationalists won, and Franco then ruled Spain for the next 36 years, from April 1939 until his death in November 1975. Sanjurjo was killed in an accident while attempting to return from exile in Portugal. The coup was supported by units in the Spanish protectorate in Morocco, Pamplona, Burgos, Zaragoza, Valladolid, Cádiz, Córdoba. However, rebelling units in some important cities—such as Madrid, Barcelona, Valencia, Bilbao, and Málaga—did not gain control, Spain was thus left militarily and politically divided. The Nationalists and the Republican government fought for control of the country, the Nationalist forces received munitions and soldiers from Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy, while the Republican side received support from the Communist Soviet Union and leftist populist Mexico. Other countries, such as the United Kingdom and France, operated a policy of non-intervention. The Nationalists advanced from their strongholds in the south and west and they also besieged Madrid and the area to its south and west for much of the war. Those associated with the losing Republicans were persecuted by the victorious Nationalists, with the establishment of a dictatorship led by General Franco in the aftermath of the war, all right-wing parties were fused into the structure of the Franco regime. The war became notable for the passion and political division it inspired, organized purges occurred in territory captured by Francos forces to consolidate the future regime. A significant number of killings took place in areas controlled by the Republicans, the extent to which Republican authorities took part in killings in Republican territory varied. The 19th century was a turbulent time for Spain and those in favour of reforming Spains government vied for political power with conservatives, who tried to prevent reforms from taking place. Some liberals, in a tradition that had started with the Spanish Constitution of 1812, sought to limit the power of the monarchy of Spain, the reforms of 1812 did not last after King Ferdinand VII dissolved the Constitution and ended the Trienio Liberal government. Twelve successful coups were carried out between 1814 and 1874, until the 1850s, the economy of Spain was primarily based on agriculture. There was little development of an industrial or commercial class. The land-based oligarchy remained powerful, a number of people held large estates called latifundia as well as all the important government positions. In 1868 popular uprisings led to the overthrow of Queen Isabella II of the House of Bourbon, two distinct factors led to the uprisings, a series of urban riots and a liberal movement within the middle classes and the military concerned with the ultra-conservatism of the monarchy. In 1873 Isabellas replacement, King Amadeo I of the House of Savoy, abdicated owing to increasing pressure. After the restoration of the Bourbons in December 1874, Carlists and Anarchists emerged in opposition to the monarchy, alejandro Lerroux, Spanish politician and leader of the Radical Republican Party, helped bring republicanism to the fore in Catalonia, where poverty was particularly acute
7.
Catalonia
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Catalonia is an autonomous community of Spain, located on the northeastern extremity of the Iberian Peninsula. It is designated as a nationality by its Statute of Autonomy, Catalonia consists of four provinces, Barcelona, Girona, Lleida, and Tarragona. The capital and largest city is Barcelona, the second-most populated municipality in Spain, Catalonia comprises most of the territory of the former Principality of Catalonia. It is bordered by France and Andorra to the north, the Mediterranean Sea to the east, the official languages are Catalan, Spanish, and the Aranese dialect of Occitan. The eastern counties of these marches were united under the rule of the Frankish vassal the Count of Barcelona, in the later Middle Ages Catalan literature flourished. Between 1469 and 1516, the King of Aragon and the Queen of Castile married and ruled their kingdoms together, retaining all their distinct institutions, Courts, and constitutions. During the Franco-Spanish War, Catalonia revolted against a large and burdensome presence of the Royal army in its territory, within a brief period France took full control of Catalonia, at a high economic cost for Catalonia, until it was largely reconquered by the Spanish army. In the nineteenth century, Catalonia was severely affected by the Napoleonic, in the second half of the century Catalonia experienced industrialisation. As wealth from the industrial expansion grew, Catalonia saw a cultural renaissance coupled with incipient nationalism while several workers movements appeared. In 1914, the four Catalan provinces formed a Commonwealth, and with the return of democracy during the Second Spanish Republic, after the Spanish Civil War, the Francoist dictatorship enacted repressive measures, abolishing Catalan institutions and banning the official use of the Catalan language again. Since the Spanish transition to democracy, Catalonia has regained some political and cultural autonomy and is now one of the most economically dynamic communities of Spain, the origin of the name Catalunya is subject to diverse interpretations because of a lack of evidence. During the Middle Ages, Byzantine chroniclers claimed that Catalania derives from the medley of Goths with Alans. Other less plausible theories suggest, Catalunya derives from the land of castles, having evolved from the term castlà or castlan. This theory therefore suggests that the names Catalunya and Castile have a common root, the source is of Celtic origin, meaning chiefs of battle. Although the area is not known to have been occupied by Celts, the Lacetani, an Iberian tribe that lived in the area and whose name, due to the Roman influence, could have evolved by metathesis to Katelans and then Catalans. In English, Catalonia is pronounced /kætəˈloʊniə/, the native name, Catalunya, is pronounced in Central Catalan, the most widely spoken variety whose pronunciation is considered standard. The Spanish name is Cataluña, and the Aranese name is Catalonha, the first known human settlements in what is now Catalonia were at the beginning of the Middle Palaeolithic. From the next era, the Epipaleolithic or Mesolithic, important remains survive
8.
Falangism
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Falangism is widely considered a fascist ideology. Opponents of Francos changes to the party include former Falange leader Manuel Hedilla, Falangism emphasized the need for authority, hierarchy, and order in society. It supports criminalization of strikes by employees and lockouts by employers as illegal acts, Falangism supports the state to have jurisdiction of setting wages. Falangism has attacked both the left and the right as its enemies, declaring itself to be neither left nor right. However, scholarly sources reviewing Falangism place it on the political right, during the Spanish Civil War, the Falange and the Carlists prior to the two parties unification in 1937 both promoted the incorporation of Portugal into Spain. The Carlists stated that a Carlist Spain would retake Gibraltar and Portugal, after the civil war, some radical members of the Falange called for a reunification with Portugal and annexation of former Spanish territories in the French Pyrenees. During World War II, Franco in a communiqué with Germany on 26 May 1942 declared that Portugal should be part of a Spain. It is less concerned about biological Spanish racial regeneration than it was in advocating the necessity of Spanish Catholic spiritual regeneration, Franco praised Spains Visigothic heritage, saying that the Germanic tribe of the Visigoths gave Spaniards their national love for law and order. Primo de Rivera had little interest in addressing the Jewish problem outside areas of political issues, the Falanges position was influenced by the fact of the smallness of the Jewish community in Spain at the time that did not favour the development of strong anti-Semitism. Primo de Rivera saw the solution to the Jewish problem in Spain as simple, however, on the issue of perceived political tendencies amongst Jews, he warned about Jewish-Marxist influences over the working classes. The Falangist daily newspaper Arriba claimed that the Judeo-Masonic International is the creator of two evils that have afflicted humanity, capitalism and Marxism. Primo de Rivera approved of attacks by Falangists on the Jewish-owned SEPU department stores in 1935, the Spanish Falange and its Hispanic affiliates have promoted the cultural, economic, and racial unity of Hispanic peoples across the world in Hispanidad. It has sought to unite Hispanic peoples through proposals to create a commonwealth or federation of Spanish-speaking states headed by Spain, Falangism supports the establishment of a Falangist-led totalitarian one-party state. Falangism supports a national, trans-class society while opposing individual-class-based societies, Falangism opposes class conflict, José Antonio Primo de Rivera declared that The State is founded on two principles—service to the united nation and the cooperation of classes. Originally Falangism in Spain as promoted by Primo de Rivera, advocated a National Syndicalist economy that rejected capitalism and communism. Under Franco, the Falange abandoned its original anti-capitalist tendencies, declaring the ideology to be compatible with capitalism. The Spanish Falange supported conservative ideas about women and supported rigid gender roles that stipulated that womens main duties in life were to be a loving mother and this policy was set against that of the Second Spanish Republic that provided universal suffrage to women
9.
Second Spanish Republic
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The Second Spanish Republic was the republican regime that existed in Spain from 1931 to 1939. Following the Provisional Government between April and December 1931, the 1931 Constitution established the Republic, the Spanish Republic can be divided in three eras, the First Biennium, the Dark Biennium, and the Popular Front government. The Second Spanish Republic was proclaimed when King Alfonso XIII left the following municipal elections where anti-monarchist candidates won the majority of votes. Its government went into exile on 1 April 1939, when the last of the Republican forces surrendered to the rebel nacionales, the government in exile of the Second Spanish Republic had an embassy in Mexico City until 1976. After the restoration of democracy in Spain, the government formally dissolved the following year, on 28 January 1930 the military dictatorship of General Miguel Primo de Rivera was overthrown. This led various republican factions from a variety of backgrounds to join forces. The Pact of San Sebastián was the key to the transition from monarchy to republic, Republicans of all tendencies were committed to the Pact of San Sebastian in overthrowing the monarchy and establishing a republic. The restoration of the royal Bourbons was rejected by large sectors of the populace who vehemently opposed the King, the pact, signed by representatives of the main Republican forces, allowed a joint anti-monarchy political campaign. The 12 April 1931 municipal elections led to a victory for republicans. Two days later, the Second Republic was proclaimed, and King Alfonso XIII went into exile, the kings departure led to a provisional government of the young republic under Niceto Alcalá-Zamora. Catholic churches and establishments in cities like Madrid and Sevilla were set ablaze on 11 May, in June 1931 a Constituent Cortes was elected to draft a new constitution, which came into force in December. The new constitution established freedom of speech and freedom of association, extended suffrage to women in 1933, allowed divorce and it also effectively disestablished the Roman Catholic Church, but the disestablishment was somewhat reversed by the Cortes that same year. Its controversial articles 26 and 27 imposed stringent controls on Church property, scholars have described the constitution as hostile to religion, with one scholar characterising it as one of the most hostile of the 20th century. José Ortega y Gasset stated, the article in which the Constitution legislates the actions of the Church seems highly improper to me, pope Pius XI condemned the Spanish governments deprivation of the civil liberties of Catholics in the encyclical Dilectissima Nobis. The legislative branch was changed to a chamber called the Congress of Deputies. The constitution established legal procedures for the nationalisation of public services and land, banks, the constitution provided generally accorded civil liberties and representation. Catholic churches in cities were again subject to arson in 1932. A Catholic church in Zaragoza saw arson in 1933, and the cathedral in Oviedo was destroyed by flames in 1934, the church of San Lorenzo in Gijon was set ablaze in this year as well
10.
Vic
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Vic is the capital of the comarca of Osona, in the Barcelona Province, Catalonia, Spain. Vics location is 69 km from Barcelona and 60 km from Girona, vics position has made it one of the most important towns in central Catalonia. Vic lies in the middle of the Plain of Vic, equidistant from Barcelona, Vic is famous for its persistent fog in winter as a result of a persistent thermal inversion with temperatures as low as -10 °C and an absolute record of -24 °C. Episodes of cold and severe snowstorms are noticeable, in summer, storms are very common during the dry season, typical of the Mediterranean climate of coastal Catalonia. For that reason the natural vegetation includes the pubescent oak typical of the climates of eastern France, Northern Italy. In past times it was called Ausa by the Romans, iberian coins bearing this name have been found there. Sewage caps on sidewalks around the city will also read Vich, during the 8th and 9th centuries, Vic sat in the Spanish Marches that separated Frankish and Islamic forces. It was destroyed in 788 during a Muslim incursion, afterwards only one quarter was rebuilt, which was called Vicus Ausonensis, from which the name Vic was derived. It was repopulated by Wilfred the Hairy in 878 who gained control over the part of the city. From then on, the city was ruled by the count of Barcelona, at a council in Toulouges in 1027, the bishop of Vic established the first Peace and Truce of God that helped reduce private warfare. During the 18th century the city was the first focus of the rebellion against the centralist policy of King Philip V of Spain, the conflict became the War of the Spanish Succession. In the early 20th century Vic had 9500 inhabitants, and in 1992 it hosted Roller Hockey events of the Barcelona 1992 Summer Olympics and it lies within the four Catalonian provinces, but the greater part of it in that of Barcelona. None, however, is mentioned by name until 516 when Cinidius is named as assisting at the provincial Council of Tarragona and Girona, with this bishop ends the history of the Church of Ausona before the Saracen invasion. In 826 Vic fell once more into the hands of the Moors and was reconquered by Wilfred the Hairy. Count Wilfred dedicated the monastery of Ripoll to the Blessed Virgin. Bishop Atton is worthy of mention as a promoter of education. Many persons availed themselves of the advantages offered by his reforms, among them Gerbert, the monk of Aurillac, afterwards Pope Sylvester II, who was distinguished for his learning. Another of the most illustrious bishops of Vic was Oliva, son of the Count of Besalú, the dedication took place 15 January 1032
11.
Civil Guard (Spain)
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The Guardia Civil is the oldest law enforcement agency in Spain. It is organised as a military force charged with police duties under the authority of both the Ministry of the Interior and the Ministry of Defence, the corps is colloquially known as the benemérita. In annual surveys, it ranks as the national institution most valued by Spaniards, closely followed by other law enforcement agencies. It has both a national role and undertakes specific foreign peace-keeping missions. As part of its duties, the Guardia Civil patrols rural areas and investigates crimes there. Most cities also have a Policia Municipal, the three forces are nationally coordinated by the Ministry of the Interior. The Guardia Civil is usually stationed at casas cuartel, which are both minor residential garrisons and fully equipped police stations, formerly, law enforcement had been the responsibility of the Holy Brotherhood, an organization of municipal leagues. Corruption was pervasive in the Brotherhood, where officials were subject to local political influence. Criminals could often escape justice by moving from one district to another. The first Guardia police academy was established in the town of Valdemoro, south of Madrid, graduates were given the Guardias now famous tricorne or Cavaliers hat as part of their duty dress uniform. Banditry in this region was so endemic that the Guardia found it difficult to completely eradicate, should he resist, he is instantly disembowelled with the dexterous thrust of a knife. Wears a profusion of amulets and charms. all of undoubted efficacy against the dagger of an adversary or the rifle of a Civil Guard. During the Spanish Civil War, the Guardia Civil forces split almost evenly between those who remained loyal to the Republic, 53% of the members and the rebel forces, however, the highest authority of the corps, Inspector General Sebastián Pozas, remained loyal to the republican government. After being court-martialed General José Aranguren was given the penalty and was summarily executed on 22 April in the same year. Today, the Guardia Civil is a police force subject to the checks and it is the largest police force in Spain, in terms of area served. They also served with the Spanish armed forces contingent in the war in Iraq, mainly as military police but also in intelligence gathering, in addition to el instituto armado, the Guardia Civil is known as la benemérita. They served in the Spanish colonies, including Cuba, Puerto Rico, the Guardia Civil has a sister force in Costa Rica also called the Guardia Civil. The Costa Rican guardias often train at the academy as regular Spanish officers
12.
IMDb
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In 1998 it became a subsidiary of Amazon Inc, who were then able to use it as an advertising resource for selling DVDs and videotapes. As of January 2017, IMDb has approximately 4.1 million titles and 7.7 million personalities in its database, the site enables registered users to submit new material and edits to existing entries. Although all data is checked before going live, the system has open to abuse. The site also featured message boards which stimulate regular debates and dialogue among authenticated users, IMDb shutdown the message boards permanently on February 20,2017. Anyone with a connection can read the movie and talent pages of IMDb. A registration process is however, to contribute info to the site. A registered user chooses a name for themselves, and is given a profile page. These badges range from total contributions made, to independent categories such as photos, trivia, bios, if a registered user or visitor happens to be in the entertainment industry, and has an IMDb page, that user/visitor can add photos to that page by enrolling in IMDbPRO. Actors, crew, and industry executives can post their own resume and this fee enrolls them in a membership called IMDbPro. PRO can be accessed by anyone willing to pay the fee, which is $19.99 USD per month, or if paid annually, $149.99, which comes to approximately $12.50 per month USD. Membership enables a user to access the rank order of each industry personality, as well as agent contact information for any actor, producer, director etc. that has an IMDb page. Enrolling in PRO for industry personnel, enables those members the ability to upload a head shot to open their page, as well as the ability to upload hundreds of photos to accompany their page. Anyone can register as a user, and contribute to the site as well as enjoy its content, however those users enrolled in PRO have greater access and privileges. IMDb originated with a Usenet posting by British film fan and computer programmer Col Needham entitled Those Eyes, others with similar interests soon responded with additions or different lists of their own. Needham subsequently started an Actors List, while Dave Knight began a Directors List, and Andy Krieg took over THE LIST from Hank Driskill, which would later be renamed the Actress List. Both lists had been restricted to people who were alive and working, the goal of the participants now was to make the lists as inclusive as possible. By late 1990, the lists included almost 10,000 movies and television series correlated with actors and actresses appearing therein. On October 17,1990, Needham developed and posted a collection of Unix shell scripts which could be used to search the four lists, at the time, it was known as the rec. arts. movies movie database
13.
Voyage to Nowhere
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Voyage to Nowhere is a 1986 Spanish drama film written, starred and directed by Fernando Fernán Gómez. It is based on his own novel with the same title, the film won the First Goya Award ever given as Best Film, Best Director and Best Screenplay. The film tells the story of a group of comedians and it is a story about their loves and heartbreaks and their desires and frustrations. Throughout the journey, their work is interspersed with love, family problems. The central character, Carlos Galván, is the son of the first actor and director of the company, don Arturo, and hes the father of Carlito, Carlos Galván takes refuge in a fantasy world. Arencibia Simón Andreu - Solís José María Caffarel Carmelo Gómez Tina Sáinz El viaje a ninguna parte at the Internet Movie Database
14.
Women on the Verge of a Nervous Breakdown
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Women on the Verge of a Nervous Breakdown is a 1988 Spanish black comedy-drama film written and directed by Pedro Almodóvar, starring Carmen Maura and Antonio Banderas. The actual Spanish title refers to an ataque de nervios, which is not actually translated as nervous breakdown. Historically, this condition has been associated with hysteria and more recently in the literature with post-traumatic stress. The film plot takes its starting point from the French play The Human Voice by Jean Cocteau where a woman tries to avoid being dumped by her lover through a series of phone calls. In the film TV actress Pepa Marcos is depressed and taking sleeping pills because her boyfriend Iván has just left her, both she and Iván work as voice-over actors who dub foreign films, notably Johnny Guitar with Joan Crawford and Sterling Hayden. The voice he uses to sweet-talk her is the one he uses in his work. He is about to leave on a trip and has asked Pepa to pack his things in a suitcase that he pick up later. Pepa returns home later to find her answering machine filled with messages from her friend. In anger, she rips out the phone and throws it through the window onto the balcony, Candela arrives, still overwhelmed, but before she can explain her situation, Carlos, Iváns son with previous lover Lucía, arrives with his snobby fiancée, Marisa. It turns out they are apartment-hunting, and by coincidence have chosen Pepas penthouse to look at. Carlos and Pepa figure out each others relationship to Iván, Pepa wants to know where Iván is because she has to tell him something, Candela unsuccessfully attempts to kill herself by jumping off the balcony. Meanwhile, Marisa has become bored and decides to drink some gazpacho she finds in the fridge, Candela finally gets to explain her situation, a while back she had a love affair with an Arab who later came to visit her, bringing some friends with him. It turns out that they are a Shiite terrorist cell and Candela was unknowingly harboring them in her home, when the terrorists left, Candela fled to Pepas place for help. Candela fears that the police think she is involved and will come for her, Pepa sets out to see a lawyer Carlos has recommended to help Candela, and ends up catching the same cab with the same Mambo-loving driver. However, Paulina, the lawyer she visits, is acting strangely, Pepa sees that Paulina has tickets to Stockholm. Iván calls the office at one point, and Paulina seems to know Pepa, after Carlos fixes the broken phone, he quickly calls the police, but hangs up before they can trace the call, then surprisingly kisses Candela. Pepa returns and Lucía calls, announcing she is coming over to confront her about Iván, Carlos reveals that Lucía has been in a mental hospital since Iván left her and has only now been released. Pepa, now sick of Iván and no longer wanting to see him, heads back down with Iváns suitcase, she throws it out, just barely missing Iván, Pepa returns to her apartment she hears the song from the opening, Soy Infeliz, which Carlos is playing
15.
Twisted Obsession
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Twisted Obsession is a 1989 Spanish erotic thriller directed by Fernando Trueba, starring Jeff Goldblum and Miranda Richardson. It was written by Trueba, Manuel Matji and Menno Meyjes, Goldblum stars as a screenwriter who becomes involved with a young incestuous brother and sister. Liza Walker and Dexter Fletcher are also featured in the cast, juana Twisted Obsession at the Internet Movie Database Twisted Obsession at Rotten Tomatoes
16.
Lovers (1991 film)
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Lovers is a 1991 Spanish film noir written and directed by Vicente Aranda, starring Victoria Abril, Jorge Sanz and Maribel Verdú. The film brought Aranda to widespread attention in the English-speaking world and it won two Goya Awards and is considered one of the best Spanish films of the 90s. In Madrid, in the mid-1950s, Paco, a young man from the provinces serving the last days of his military service, is in search of both a steady job and lodging. He is engaged to be married to Trini, his major’s maid, with a factory job lined up, Paco moves out of his barracks and looks for somewhere to live until the wedding. Trini unwittingly refers him to Luisa, a widow who periodically takes in boarders. Besides supplementing her income with boarders, Luisa engages in swindles with underworld contracts, instantly smitten by Paco, the attractive Luisa quickly seduces her new tenant. Paco, frustrated by his unfruitful job hunt and by Trinis refusal to sleep with him until they are married, offers little resistance when Luisa seduces him and he is dazzled with the sexual delight to which she introduces him. So intense is Paco’s attraction for Luisa, that he abandons Trini for long periods, Trini seeks the advice of the major’s wife, who tells her that she should use her own sexual powers to win Paco back. Waiting for Luisa to leave the apartment, Trini goes to Paco’s room and gives herself to him, at first, her tactic works and Paco reaffirms his love for her and they leave to visit Trini’s mother in her village. However, Trini is no match for her rival as a lover, when they come back to Madrid, Paco is willing to continue his twin relationship, but Luisa, who knows of Trini’s existence, is wildly jealous of her rival. Things become more complicated for Paco by Luisa’s shady business dealings with Minuta and Gordo and they have threatened her life, and Paco, attempting to aid his lover, suggests that he get the money by swindling Trini of her savings. Luisa would prefer that they simply kill Trini, but proposes that Paco should marry Trini, then steal her savings, the plan is for Paco to propose marriage to Trini and bring her to the provincial city of Aranda del Duero where they have planned to purchase a bar. Under that pretense, Paco and Trini leave Madrid, Luisa follows them, unsure of Paco’s resolve. While Trini is asleep, Paco steals the money from her handbag and he offers it to Luisa but pulls out of their plan to flee together. Luisa, very upset, tells him hes botched the plan, and walks away, tossing the money at her feet – it is Paco she wants. Paco retrieves the money, and, driven by guilt, he returns to Trini to explain the situation, after the disappearance of the money, Trini realized the fraud and understands that her love for Paco is doomed. When Paco comes back to the room and confesses the plan, Trini locks herself in the bathroom. She is thwarted by Paco breaking the window and snatching the razor from her, later, as the two sit in the rain on a bench in front of the cathedral of the town, Trini refuses to forgive Paco, and tells him she prefers death to abandonment
17.
Tesis
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Tesis is a 1996 Spanish thriller film. It is the debut of director Alejandro Amenábar, and was written by Amenabar. It stars Ana Torrent, Fele Martínez and Eduardo Noriega, as Ángela is sitting on a subway, the train halts and passengers are told to evacuate. A man has committed suicide by jumping in front of the tracks, while being led out of the station, Ángela begins to move towards the tracks to see the mans remains. She is warded away at the last instant, Ángela is a university student in Madrid, writing a thesis on audiovisual violence in the family. At a thesis meeting, she asks her thesis director, Professor Figueroa, after class, Ángela seeks out the help of a fellow student, Chema, who is known for his collection of violent and pornographic videos. As Ángela begins to watch violent films with Chema, Figueroa finds a tape in a hallway of the schools audiovisual archives. The next day, Ángela finds Figueroa dead in the viewing room. She takes the tape from the player and leaves for class. Ángela later learns that Figueroa died of an attack. Ángela goes to Chemas house to watch the film, and Chema realizes that this is a snuff film, or a film of someone being murdered. As they watch the women being tortured, killed and disemboweled, Chema realizes that the women in the film was named Vanessa, a girl who attended their university and went missing two years ago. Chema and Ángela are also able to determine which kind of camera the killer used, a Sony XT500, based on the quality of its digital zoom, while at the library working on her thesis, Ángela sees someone using an XT500 camera. She leaves the library and realizes that she is being followed by the man and she runs through the hallway but her pursuer, a handsome young man named Bosco, catches up. He notices that Ángela has a newspaper clipping about Vanessas disappearance, Ángela pretends that she is filming a report about Vanessas disappearance and asks if she could interview Bosco about it. At the interview, Bosco insists that Vanessa must have run away with a boyfriend, Ángela is convinced of Boscos innocence, but Chema believes he is a psychopath. Once home, Ángela realizes that Bosco is inside her house waiting for her, although initially frightened, Bosco charms Ángelas family and they invite him to stay for dinner. Once alone, Bosco attempts to seduce Ángela, although she resists his advances, at the school video library, Chema asks a security guard to see the security tape of the library on the night of Figueroas death
18.
The Lucky Star (1997 film)
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La Buena Estrella is a 1997 Spanish drama film directed by Ricardo Franco and starring Antonio Resines, Jordi Mollá and Maribel Verdú. Critically acclaimed, the film won five Goya Awards, Best Film, Best Director, Best Actor, Best Original script, Ricardo Franco made just one more film, he died of a heart attack in 1998. Rafael is a kind, good-hearted butcher and he has a lonely life after accidentally castrating himself while cutting meat several years before, but he longs to have a family life, a dream that seems unattainable for him. One early morning when he is driving his truck to his butcher’s shop, Rafael cannot help but intervene and jumps out of his vehicle to help her. Taking pity on the girl, he takes her to his home and her name is Marina and the man who was beating her was her boyfriend, Daniel. Marina, nicknamed One-Eye, tells Rafael how she and Daniel grew up together in an environment in an orphanage. Marina feels attach to Daniel, as they do not have anybody else, after knowing that Daniel is now in jail, Rafael proposes to Marina to take care of her and the baby. She gladly accepts his offer but warns him that Daniel sooner or later will come back, Marina and Rafael both grab the possibility to fulfill the impossible dream they once had to form a family. Rafael treats the troubled Marina with kindness and she responds by proving there is more than one way to be a man. In this way, the two find healing and happiness raising Marinas daughter, Estrella, that Rafael recognizes as his own, years later, their happiness is threatened by the sudden return of Daniel, fresh out of prison. He knocks on the one night, beaten and bleeding. He only wants a place to live, though he knows that Marina has strong, unresolved feelings for Daniel, Rafael does not want to lose her and reluctantly allows Daniel to stay for a few days that become weeks. With only lifetimes of strife in common, the three lonely, disaffected adults thus form an uneasy family, Marina is reluctant to be left alone with Daniel, is not he who she does not trust but her own feelings. Rafael to see her reaction goes to his house in the countryside. Rafael comes back soon unexpectedly finding Marina and Daniel together in bed and he initially wants them to leave but finally comes to accept an uncommon arrangement and the three of them remain together with their daughter forming an uneasy family. Daniel, who passes as Marina’s brother, helps Rafael in the Butcher’s shop and he finally leaves as Marina has said that he would do eventually. Nevertheless, not much later he is in trouble and Marina leaves to follow him, Rafael is now alone to take care of Estrella, the daughter. Time has gone by and watching the T. V news Rafael finds out that Daniel has been involved in a robbery with a band of criminals and is again in jail
19.
All About My Mother
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All About My Mother is a 1999 Spanish drama film written and directed by Pedro Almodóvar, and starring Cecilia Roth, Marisa Paredes, Antonia San Juan, Penélope Cruz and Candela Peña. The film deals with issues such as AIDS, homosexuality, transsexualism, faith. The film also won 6 Goya Awards including Best Film, Best Director, the film centers on Manuela, an Argentine nurse who oversees donor organ transplants in Ramón y Cajal Hospital in Madrid and single mother to Esteban, a teenager who wants to be a writer. Manuela has to agree with her colleagues at work that her sons heart be transplanted to a man in A Coruña, in Barcelona, Manuela reunites with her old friend Agrado, a warm and witty transsexual prostitute. Rosa dies giving birth to her son, and Lola and Manuela finally reunite at Rosas funeral, Lola, who is dying from AIDS, talks about how she always wanted a son, and Manuela tells her about her own Esteban and how he died in an accident. Manuela then adopts Esteban, Rosas child, and stays with him at Rosas parents house, the father does not understand who Manuela is, and Rosas mother says its the new cook, who is living there with her son. Rosas father then asks Manuela her age and height, Manuela introduces Esteban to Lola and gives her a picture of their own Esteban. Rosas mother spots them from the street and then confronts Manuela about letting strangers see the baby, Manuela tells her that Lola is Estebans father, Rosas mother is appalled and says, That is the monster that killed my daughter. Manuela flees back to Madrid with Esteban, she cannot take living at Rosas house any longer and she writes a letter to Huma and Agrado saying that she is leaving and once again is sorry for not saying goodbye, like she did years before. Two years later, Manuela returns with Esteban to an AIDS convention, telling Huma and Agrado, who now run a show together. She then says she is returning to stay with Estebans grandparents, when Manuela asks Huma about Nina, Huma becomes melancholic and leaves. Agrado tells Manuela that Nina went back to her town, got married, Huma then rejoins the conversation briefly before exiting the dressing room to go perform. To men who act and become women, to all the people who want to be mothers. Almodovar recreates the accident scene from John Cassavetes Opening Night as the epicenter of the dramatic conflict, the film was mainly shot on location in Barcelona. The film premiered in Spain on 8 April 1999 and went into theatrical release on 16 April. It eventually grossed €9,962,047 in Spain, $8,272,296 in the US and she added, Its the crossover moment in the career of a born four-hankie storyteller of ever-increasing stature. Look out, Hollywood, here he comes, Almodóvars earlier films sometimes seemed to be manipulating the characters as an exercise. Here the plot does handstands in its eagerness to use coincidence, surprise, but the characters have a weight and reality, as if Almodóvar has finally taken pity on them – has seen that although their plights may seem ludicrous, they are real enough to hurt
20.
El Bola
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El Bola is a 2000 Spanish drama film, directed by Achero Mañas. It won the Goya Award for Best Film at the 15th Goya Awards and it is available in the United States from Filmmovement. El Bola is a boy who suffers abuse by his father. His violent family situation prevents him from having friends at school until a new kid, Alfredo, the warm, caring atmosphere in Alfredos family provides a stark contrast to Pablos oppressive situation under his father. Soon, Pablo finds a different reality in his new family who teaches him to confront with courage his worst fears
21.
The Others (2001 film)
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The Others is a 2001 Spanish-American supernatural gothic horror film with elements of psychological horror. It was written, directed, and scored by Alejandro Amenábar and it stars Nicole Kidman and Fionnula Flanagan. The film won eight Goya Awards, including awards for Best Film and this was the first English-language film ever to receive the Best Film Award at the Goyas, without a single word of Spanish spoken in it. The most amount of light that the children can withstand is no more than the lantern, the house has no electricity and Grace explains that after exiting one room, the door must be locked behind to contain the light. Grace also explains that her last servants left the house without collecting their last pay check, when the children are introduced to their new nanny, Anne mentions that after the departure of the last servants, mummy went mad. Her brother Nicholas however fails to agree and argues that nothing happened, Grace explains to Mrs Mills that she does not believe in stories such as ghosts and requests Mrs Mills not to trust everything that the children say to her. She questions why the servants have arrived when her advert for home help was never published as it was not picked up by the postman, Mrs Mills then divulges that she worked in this house many years ago and was simply asking by coincidence if help was needed. Initially Grace hears a child crying which Anne mentions is Victor and she mentions that he has a father who is a pianist and that they are viewing the house. Victor cries as he does not wish to live in this house but has to do so and he claims that the house is his. Anne asks where the boy is now and notices that the door has opened after which she blames the servants for leaving the door open which they deny. At night, Anne claims that Victor keeps opening the curtains and begins to speak to him, Nicholas feels that his sister is trying to frighten him by putting on a fake voice and screams for his mother. When Anne asks Victor to touch her brother to convince him, Anne is punished by Grace for the next three days. She mentions to Mrs Mills that the Pastor has not visited the house in a long while, however, then Grace notices Lydia in the garden, as the noise continues in the house she asks Anne who reiterates her story that there are people in the house. Grace enters a bedroom where she can hear disembodied voices and feels someone exit the room, Anne claims that they all brushed past her and scattered in various parts of the house. Anne draws pictures of four people she has seen in the numerous times, a man, woman, a boy called Victor. Grace orders the house to be searched, Grace finds a 19th-century book of the dead, an album of mourning portrait photos of deceased family members from a previous generation, with some missing pages. Grace asks for the book to be removed from the house, later she asks Mrs Mills about when she last worked in the house. Mrs Mills explains that her previous employers in the moved to England
22.
Mondays in the Sun
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Mondays in the Sun is a 2002 Spanish drama film directed by Fernando León de Aranoa, starring Javier Bardem, Luis Tosar and José Ángel Egido. The film depicts the effects of unemployment on a group of men left jobless by the closure of the shipyards in Vigo. After the closure of their shipyard in Northern Spain, a few former workers – Santa, José, Lino, Amador, Serguei and they meet mainly at a bar owned by their former colleague Rico. Santa is the most superficially confident and the leader of the group who dreams of one day going to Australia. José is bitter that his wife, Ana, is employed while he is not, the gap between them is widening and he is fearful that she will leave him for a co-worker. Despite arthritic legs, Ana endures night shifts at a fish factory, not everyone seems to agree, including her boss. Lino, a family man, doggedly pursues positions beyond his qualifications. Reina has managed to find a job as a watchman at a football club, Lino attends job interviews despite applicants being near his sons age. This group of friends is observed by Nata, the teenage daughter who franchises her babysitting job to Santa. While babysitting, Santa invites his friends around to have a few beers outside where Serguei claims his career as an astronaut was forestalled by economic measures in the Soviet Space program. One night at the bar, Amador drinks too much and has to be assisted home by Santa, the two of whom share a long and meaningful conversation on the way back. As a result of his state and the newly deepened friendship, Amador. Santa finally agrees to pay off the debt in court, after driving off with his lawyer, they drive past the newly-repaired street lamp where Santa tells the lawyer to pull over. Santa leaves the car, walks over to the lamp and smashes it again before driving off, later that night, Santa goes to Amadors house to collect him to go to the bar but gets no response at the door. The flickering light above him brings attention to a partially caved-in roof, Santa steps backwards slowly, realising that the damage to the roof is due to Santa having jumped from his window while drunk, killing himself. His friends give him a dignified funeral albeit with a floral arrangement. Meanwhile, Ana is at home packing in preparation to leave José and she waits for him on the couch with her bag on the floor. Upon returning from the funeral, José sits on the couch and lays across Anas lap, telling her about the funeral and trying to make amends for the fighting theyve been doing
23.
Take My Eyes
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Take My Eyes is a 2003 Spanish romantic drama film directed by Icíar Bollaín, starring Laia Marull and Luis Tosar. This film was nominated for the Ariel Award in 2005 in the category Best Iberoamerican Film. Pilar, a housewife living in Toledo, gathers a few belongings one night. They find shelter with Pilars sister, Ana, who is soon to marry her Scottish live-in boyfriend, Pilars husband, Antonio, tries to make her change her mind, but she is tired and fearful of his abusive behavior. Determined to start a new life on her own, Pilar sends her sister to retrieve her belongings from the apartment she shared with her estranged husband, once there, Ana discovers through medical bills that her sister has also been physically abused by Antonio. When he arrives, they have a confrontation, Antonio still loves his wife, but he cannot control his short temper and violent outbursts. Trying to bring Pilar back, he joins an anger management group of married men who want to change their behavior towards their wives. With her sisters encouragement, Pilar finds a job in the shop of a local tourist attraction. Pilar begins to study in order to become a tour guide, despite Anas protests, her mother Aurora invites Antonio to Juans birthday party. Pilar still loves Antonio despite his abusive behavior, Juan misses his father and Pilar begins to soften her attitude towards her husband. When they have a chance to talk, Antonio tells her he wants to change and is enrolled in group therapy and he has to learn to deal with his frustration as a salesman in an appliance store. Pilar soon warms up to him again, and they begin to sneak out for secret meetings, Pilar, with the full support of her mother, takes Antonio to Anas wedding. The two sisters argue after Pilar tells Ana that she is going back to her husband, at first Pilar and Antonio are happy to be back together. Encouraged by his wife, Antonio continues with his anger management therapy, but, he feels threatened by Pilars economic independence as she continues to work in the gift shop. Pilar applies for a job as a guide in a museum in Madrid. They would have to leave Toledo and live in Madrid, but Antonio is afraid to move, Pilars efforts to convince him that if she gets the job and they move to Madrid it would be beneficial fall on deaf ears. The day of her job interview, as a coworker is waiting for her outside the flat to take her there and he tears off Pilars clothes and locks her stark naked in the balcony for all the neighbors to see. After this humiliation, Pilar threatens to leave Antonio, who responds by attempting suicide by cutting, after this final assault, Pilar leaves Antonio for good
24.
The Sea Inside
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The Sea Inside is a 2004 Spanish drama film written, produced, directed and scored by Alejandro Amenábar, which won the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film. It is based on the story of Ramón Sampedro, who was left quadriplegic after a diving accident, and his 28-year campaign in support of euthanasia. This is the story of Spaniard Ramón Sampedro, who fought a 28-year campaign to win the right to end his own life with dignity. Through the gift of his love, these two women are inspired to accomplish things they never thought possible. It currently holds an 84% rating on Rotten Tomatoes based on 131 reviews and its summary states, Held aloft by a transfixing performance from Javier Bardem as a terminally ill man who chooses to die, The Sea Inside transcends its melodramatic story with tenderness and grace. The 2010 Bollywood film Guzaarish featuring Hrithik Roshan and directed by Sanjay Leela Bhansali was an adaptation of The Sea Inside, in 2015, the Chicago/Memphis electronic band Courtesy released a song titled entitled Jungle Juice inspired by the film. Ramón Sampedro Guzaarish Promotional site for US region The Sea Inside at the Internet Movie Database The Sea Inside at Rotten Tomatoes The Sea Inside at Metacritic The Sea Inside at Box Office Mojo
25.
The Secret Life of Words
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The Secret Life of Words is a 2005 Spanish drama film written and directed by Isabel Coixet and starring Sarah Polley, Tim Robbins, Javier Cámara and Julie Christie. It was released on December 15,2006, taciturn, partially deaf Hanna is a Yugoslavian native working in a factory in Northern Ireland. She is forced to take a vacation by her boss, who tells her that her co-workers have been offended by her lack of socializing, after overhearing a conversation about a need for a nurse, she takes on a job as private nurse for burn victim Josef. He is bedridden on an oil rig after a fire on the rig. The rig is not operational awaiting an investigation, and few remain on board. Hanna talks very little, and especially does not want to talk about herself, despite his pain, Josef is constantly making jokes, some of them humorous sexual advances. Hannas care for him holding the urinal and washing his entire body. As they get closer, they start sharing their experiences, unbeknownst to him, she listens over and over again to a message on his cell phone from a mysterious woman who was in love with him. Hanna learns from a colleague that Josef was injured trying to save a man who committed suicide by intentionally throwing himself into the oil-rig fire. Some other tragic connection between the two men is implied and he tells about a near-drowning experience because he cannot swim. Eventually Josef confides to Hanna his greatest secret guilt, and she tells him about her previous life in the former Yugoslavia and she describes in detail the horrors she endured during the Balkan Wars, including being kidnapped and repeatedly raped. She shares experiences of the women, including one that was forced to shoot her own daughter. She tells of her own repeated torture and lets him feel the scars on her body from the wounds inflicted on her, Josef is not getting better, and at Hannas initiative he is air-lifted off the oil rig to be taken to a hospital. When the helicopter lands, Josef wants Hanna to accompany him, however, she leaves behind a backpack, and it contains enough information to give Josef a chance to find her. After he recovers, Josef travels to Denmark to visit a counselor that Hanna had seen after fleeing the war and he then tracks her down at the factory in Northern Ireland where she works. They talk, and at first she keeps her distance, saying she couldnt be with him because she thinks one day she could drown them both in her sorrow, when he tells her that he will learn to swim, she reciprocates the love. The voice of her daughter ends the film with the hope that Hanna will one day be able to completely in the now
