Blacksmith Scene is an 1893 American short black-and-white silent film directed by William K. L. Dickson, the Scottish-French inventor who, while under the employ of Thomas Edison, developed the first functional motion picture camera, it is significant as the first Kinetoscope film shown in public exhibition on May 9, 1893, is the earliest known example of actors performing a role in a film. 102 years in 1995, Blacksmithing Scene was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being "culturally or aesthetically significant". It is the second-oldest film included after Newark Athlete; the scene is all filmed from a stationary camera. On screen is a large anvil with a striker to either side; the smith places it on the anvil. All three begin a rhythmic hammering. After several blows, the metal rod is returned to the fire. One striker pulls out a bottle of beer, they each take a drink. Following this drink, they resume their work; the film was produced by the Edison Manufacturing Company, which had begun making films in 1890 under the direction of one of the earliest pioneers to film William K.

L. Dickson, it was filmed within the Black Maria studio at West Orange, New Jersey, in the United States, referred to as "America's First Movie Studio". It is believed to have been filmed in April 1893 and was shown publicly at the Brooklyn Institute on May 9, 1893. According to the Internet Movie Database the film was made in a 35 mm format with an aspect ratio of 1.33:1. The movie was intended to be displayed through means of a Kinetoscope. Dickson selected a lens that worked best for medium and medium close-up shots and stationed his camera ten to twelve feet from the anvil; the film is one of the oldest extant attempts to film a staged scene rather than record an action. The men featured are not blacksmiths, nor are they in a blacksmith shop working on metal—they are actors on a set pretending to be blacksmiths. Prior to 1893, photography was prized for its ability to capture the "truth," and some of Dickson's crew were uncomfortable with presenting a staged scene as truth. Charles Kayser as Blacksmith.

John Ott as Blacksmith A surviving 35-mm print of this film was found at the Henry Ford Museum. Another copy is at the Edison National Historic Site, administered by the National Park Service; because the film was finished before 1923, its copyright has expired. Treasures from American Film Archives Blacksmith Scene on IMDb Blacksmith Scene at AllMovie Blacksmith Scene is available for free download at the Internet Archive Blacksmith Scene on YouTube

Ed Kalman is a former Scottish rugby union internationalist, who played for Glasgow Warriors in the Pro12. He played as a prop. Having moved to Scotland from an early age, Kalman went to Belmont House School in Newton Mearns, East Renfrewshire, he joined the local rugby club Whitecraigs RFC. He played for the Glasgow District team for their under-20s from 2000–2002. After his Scottish schooling, he went to Durham University to study physics, he was a member of the Durham University rugby side. From the north-east he moved to Cambridge University, he was at tight head in the Cambridge University R. U. F. C. Team who beat Oxford in the 2005 University match at Twickenham, he played in a Gael Force team formed by the SRU to play in the British and Irish Cup. In the north-east of England he was signed by Newcastle Falcons academy, he played one loan game for Yorkshire Carnegie as Leeds Tykes. He joined the Border Reivers in summer 2006 and his competition debut for Reivers was a replacement against Connacht at Netherdale on the opening day of the 2006–07 Magners League, he had his first start the following month in the victory against another Irish province, Leinster at Netherdale.

His first Reivers try was in the Heineken Cup victory against Overmach Parma at Netherdale in October 2006. Ed Kalman joined Glasgow Warriors from the Reivers after the closure of the Borders pro-team in 2007; the prop signed a new deal with the Warriors in 2011. He retired from playing rugby union at the end of season 2013–14 due to a back injury. Ed made his first appearance in a national context as a replacement for Scotland A against their Australian counterparts at McDiarmid Park, Perth, in November 2006, he had a replacement role in the A international victory against Italy on the same ground three months later. In January 2012, he was called up to Scotland's senior squad for the 2012 Six Nations Championship. With his physics background at Durham University, he became a physics teacher and given his rugby background, the first team rugby coach.

The 1988 Suntory Japan Open Tennis Championships was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the Ariake Coliseum in Tokyo in Japan, part of the 1988 Nabisco Grand Prix and of the Category 2 tier of the 1988 WTA Tour. The tournament ran from 11 April through 17 April 1988. John McEnroe and Patty Fendick won the singles titles. John McEnroe defeated Stefan Edberg 6–2, 6–2 It was McEnroe's 1st title of the year and the 135th of his career. Patty Fendick defeated Stephanie Rehe 6–3, 7–5 It was Fendick's 4th title of the year and the 4th of her career. John Fitzgerald / Johan Kriek defeated Steve Denton / David Pate 6–4, 6–7, 6–4 It was Fitzgerald's 3rd title of the year and the 20th of his career, it was the 22nd of his career. Gigi Fernández / Robin White defeated Lea Antonoplis / Barbara Gerken 6–1, 6–4 It was Fernández's 1st title of the year and the 9th of her career, it was the 7th of her career. Official website Association of Tennis Professionals tournament profile

Ogston Hall is a owned 18th-century country house situated at Brackenfield, near Alfreton, Derbyshire. It is a Grade II* listed building. A building on the site is listed in the Domesday Book as part of the Deincourt manor of Morton; the Revell family of South Normanton held Ogston in the 14th century by marriage to the Deincourt heiress. The house was much altered in the 17th century by the Revells. A two-storey north west wing with attics and basement was added in 1659 and a connected stable block was added in 1695; the earliest member of the family of whom anything is known was Thomas Revell of Ogston, sergeant-at-law, who made a fortune from lead smelting. His will of 1474 survives. In 1706 William Revell died. Turbutt bought out his sister-in-law's interest. In 1768 his son William Turbutt further altered and extended the house by adding a five-bay south east wing to a design by architect Joseph Pickford. Further work was done for Thomas Turbutt by TC Hine in 1851, including a five-storey castellated tower.

In the mid-1800s, Gladwin Turbutt arranged for additional modifications. In the late 18th century, the park was landscaped and the farms were re-arranged. Part of the estate was flooded in 1957 for the creation of the Ogston Reservoir. Several of the Turbutts served as High Sheriff of Derbyshire; the most recent Turbutt to reside at the Hall was the historian and writer. He was High Sheriff in 1998; the property was Listed in January 1967. The summary provides some specifics about the modifications over the centuries, including the "refashioning of 1851 to 1864 by T C Hine" and mentions an addition made in 1910. After World War II, the building was rented to various groups for use as schools and religious worship. In 1973 it was sold to Frank Wakefield. Subsequent restoration was completed by his daughter in law. A 2017 report indicates that the Hall is the seat of David and Caroline Wakefield and cites the work done by architect Thomas Chambers Hine, who modified the house during 1851-64; the Historic Houses web site in early 2020 stated that "the current owners have refurnished the house with appropriate furniture and pictures, so that the interior looks much as it did in early 20th-century photographs"

Limehouse was a local government district within the metropolitan area of London, England from 1855 to 1900. It was formed by the Metropolis Management Act 1855 and was governed by the Limehouse District Board of Works, which consisted of elected vestrymen; until 1889 the district was in the county of Middlesex, but included in the area of the Metropolitan Board of Works. In 1889 the area of the MBW was constituted the County of London, the district board became a local authority under the London County Council; the district comprised the following civil parishes: St Anne Limehouse Hamlet of Ratcliff within the parish of St Dunstan Stepney St Paul Shadwell St John of Wapping Under the Metropolis Management Act 1855 any parish that exceeded 2,000 ratepayers was to be divided into wards. In 1894 the population had increased enough for the parish of St Anne Limehouse to be divided into three wards: South and East; the district was abolished in 1900 and became part of the Metropolitan Borough of Stepney

The Humorous Magistrate is a 17th-century country comedy in five acts discovered by the collector Edgar Osborne, who found the manuscript in a sale at Watnall Hall in Nottinghamshire, England in 1947. It was sold to the University of Calgary in 1972; the play shows clear signs of authorial revision. In 1972, the University of Calgary acquired Edgar Osborne's collection of rare books and manuscripts, including The Humorous Magistrate; the manuscript when acquired was untitled and authorless. Under the direction of Professor Mary Polito, the manuscript was dated to the seventeenth-century, was determined to have been written near or after 1640 due to political and socio-economic references within the text. After workshop performances in association with the University of Calgary drama department, the Calgary manuscript was linked to another untitled manuscript found in Arbury Hall, United Kingdom in 2004; these are the only two known extant manuscripts of The Humorous Magistrate. The Arbury manuscript is an earlier version of the Osborne, containing more amendments and ten thousand more words.

The two manuscripts bear scribal similarities, ongoing research indicates that the manuscripts were both written by John Newdigate III. Newdigate was an avid theatregoer, who lived in Arbury Hall; the play follows a Justice of the Peace named Thrifty, his daughter Constance, her suitor Christopher Spruce, as well as their family and servants. The conventional romance of Constance and Spruce is paired with the satirization of judicial corruption and ineptitude as Thrifty abuses his role as Justice of the Peace. Subplots include the farcical shaming of Peter's wife Jenet, two other romantic plots, the tropes of shepherds and thieves. In The Humorous Magistrate satire, romance and nonsensical narratives are combined to demonstrate the political and social unrest of the period while acting as a self-aware comedic outlet; the Humorous Magistrate uses allusion. Many of these allusions can be traced back to written works, while others incorporate more time-relevant, cultural references, such as Thrifty and Peter's argument about the Etcetera oath.

Of all of the types of allusions used within the play, references to Greek mythology are the most common. The play contains allusions to the Bible and sometimes uses religious diction. Reappearing themes in the play include the use of judicial language, religious language, mentions of the natural world; the natural world, more includes references to nature as well as medicinal practices and remedies. Performance considerations include a simple stage where actors can exit from both wings, as stage directions in the play are referred to as “door” and “other door.” Several characters are on stage at once. The script suggests four sets: Thrifty's office, Mistress Mumble's home, a town square; the Humorous Magistrate script has twenty-seven speaking roles, plus shepherds and musicians. There are opportunities such as thieves for shepherds. ). Props explicitly mentioned in stage directions are simple, could be concrete or conceptual: an almanac, tankard, fiddles, pistols, hats, carts and powder, nux vomica, rings, breeches, pens, a box of bottles and capons, cup of sack.

Specific costumes are not referenced other than tufftaffata doublet. Musically, the script refers to lute and vocals for one song, K. Arthur; the Humorous Magistrate is not considered a closet drama but no evidence exists of its performance in the 17th century. A University of Calgary 2005 performance, directed by Barry Yzereef as “Marriage Upon Marriage,” used contemporary costumes including leather jackets, jeans and ball caps. Characters were embellished with cigars, suitcases, glasses of whiskey, the replacement of traditional instruments with a guitar. Sexual humour was explicit through actors’ carnal mimicry and gestures; the University of Calgary's 2010 performance, directed by Patrick Finn, became the first full-stage production in nearly 400 years. Designers constructed 17th century costumes, musical instrumentation was period-specific, performed by university-level musicians. A fight coordinator enhanced physical comedy, while specific sound cues were created for Mistress Mumbles’ and Thrifty's flatulence.

The production borrowed the epilogue from the play's earlier Arbury Hall draft. Backdrops included a painted forest, walls of windows for the town-square