1.
Bloomberg L.P.
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Bloomberg L. P. is a privately held financial software, data, and media company headquartered in Midtown Manhattan, New York City. Bloomberg L. P. was founded by Michael Bloomberg in 1981 with the help of Thomas Secunda, Duncan MacMillan, Charles Zegar, in 1981, Salomon Brothers was acquired, and Michael Bloomberg, a general partner, was given a $10 million partnership settlement. Bloomberg, having designed in-house computerized financial systems for Salomon, used his $10 million severance check to start Innovative Market Systems, Bloomberg developed and built his own computerized system to provide real-time market data, financial calculations and other financial analytics to Wall Street firms. In 1983, Merrill Lynch invested $30 million in IMS to help finance the development of the Bloomberg terminal computer system and by 1984, in 1986, the company was renamed Bloomberg L. P. and 5,000 terminals had been installed in subscribers offices. Within a few years, ancillary products including Bloomberg Tradebook, the Bloomberg Messaging Service, Bloomberg launched its news services division in 1990. Bloomberg. com was first established on September 29,1993 as a portal with information on markets, currency conversion, news and events. In late 1996, Bloomberg bought back one-third of Merrill Lynchs 30 percent stake in the company for $200 million, Bloomberg L. P. has remained a private company since its founding, the majority of which is owned by Michael Bloomberg. To run for the position of Mayor of New York against Democrat Mark Green in 2001, Bloomberg gave up his position of CEO, in 2008, Fenwick became the CEO of Bloomberg Ventures, a new venture capital division. Daniel Doctoroff, former deputy mayor in the Bloomberg administration, now serves as president, in September 2014, Bloomberg sold its Bloomberg Sports analysis division to the data analysis firm STATS LLC for a fee rumored to be between $15 million and $20 million. On July 9,2014, Bloomberg L. P. acquired RTS Realtime Systems, in 1992, Bloomberg L. P. purchased New York Radio station WNEW for $13.5 million. The station was converted into a format, known as Bloomberg Radio. Bloomberg L. P. bought weekly business magazine, BusinessWeek, following the acquisition, BusinessWeek was renamed Bloomberg Businessweek. In 2010, Bloomberg L. P acquired Eagle Eye Publishing and this acquisition became part of Bloomberg Government which was launched in early 2011. In 2009, Bloomberg L. P. purchased New Energy Finance, New Energy Finance was created by Michael Liebreich in 2004 to provide news, data and analysis on carbon and clean energy markets. Bloomberg L. P. acquired the company to become a resource for information to support low-carbon energy solutions. Liebreich continued to lead the company, serving as the executive officer until 2014. Bloomberg L. P. purchased Arlington, Virginia-based Bureau of National Affairs in August 2011 for $990 million to bolster its existing Bloomberg Government, BNA publishes specialized online and print news and information for professionals in business and government. On 16 December 2015 it was announced that Barclays had agreed to sell its business, Barclays Risk Analytics and Index Solutions Ltd, to Bloomberg L. P. for £520 million
2.
1080i
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1080i is an abbreviation referring to a combination of frame resolution and scan type, used in high-definition television and high-definition video. The number 1080 refers to the number of lines on the screen. The term assumes a widescreen ratio of 16,9, so the 1080 lines of vertical resolution implies 1920 columns of horizontal resolution. A1920 pixels ×1080 lines screen has a total of 2.1 megapixels and this format is used in the SMPTE 292M standard. The choice of 1080 lines originates with Charles Poynton, who in the early 1990s pushed for square pixels to be used in HD video formats, within the designation 1080i, the i stands for interlaced scan. A frame of 1080i video consists of two fields of 1920 horizontal and 540 vertical pixels. The first field consists of all odd-numbered TV lines and the second all even numbered lines, 1080i differs from 1080p, where the p stands for progressive scan, where all lines in a frame are captured at the same time. In native or pure 1080i, the two fields of a frame correspond to different instants, so motion portrayal is good and this is true for interlaced video in general and can be easily observed in still images taken of fast motion scenes. However, when 1080p material is captured at 25 or 30 frames/second, it is converted to 1080i at 50 or 60 fields/second, respectively, in this situation both fields in a frame do correspond to the same instant. The field-to-instant relation is more complex for the case of 1080p at 24 frames/second converted to 1080i at 60 fields/second. Both field rates can be carried by digital television broadcast formats such as ATSC, DVB. The frame rate can be implied by the context, while the rate is generally specified after the letter i. In this case 1080i60 refers to 60 fields per second, the European Broadcasting Union prefers to use the resolution and frame rate separated by a slash, as in 1080i/30 and 1080i/25, likewise 480i/30 and 576i/25. Resolutions of 1080i60 or 1080i50 often refers to 1080i/30 or 1080i/25 in EBU notation, 1080i is directly compatible with some CRT HDTVs on which it can be displayed natively in interlaced form, but for display on progressive-scan—e. g. Most new LCD and plasma TVs, it must be deinterlaced, depending on the televisions video processing capabilities, the resulting video quality may vary, but may not necessarily suffer. For example, film material at 25fps may be deinterlaced from 1080i50 to restore a full 1080p resolution at the frame rate without any loss. Preferably video material with 50 or 60 motion phases/second is to be converted to 50p or 60p before display, worldwide, most HD channels on satellite and cable broadcast in 1080i. This also allows local newscasts on these ABC affiliates to be produced in the resolution to match the picture quality of their 1080i competitors
3.
Letterboxing (filming)
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Letterboxing is the practice of transferring film shot in a widescreen aspect ratio to standard-width video formats while preserving the films original aspect ratio. The resulting videographic image has mattes above and below it, these mattes are part of the image, LBX or LTBX are the identifying abbreviations for films and images so formatted. The term refers to the shape of a box, a slot in a wall or door through which mail is delivered, being rectangular. Letterboxing is used as an alternative to a full-screen, pan-and-scan transfer of a film image to videotape or videodisc. This was often done for letterbox widescreen anime on VHS, though the practice of hiding subtitles within the lower matte also is done with symmetrical mattes, albeit with less space available. The placing of soft subtitles within the picture or matte varies according to the DVD player being used, the first use of letterbox in consumer video appeared with the RCA Capacitance Electronic Disc videodisc format. Initially, letterboxing was limited to several key sequences of a such as opening and closing credits. The first fully letterboxed CED release was Amarcord in 1984, and several others followed including The Long Goodbye, Monty Python, each disc contains a label noting the use of RCAs innovative wide-screen mastering technique. In some continents such as North America, almost all VHS titles were released in pan-and-scan versions. However, most later Laserdiscs and some VHS releases were released in their original widescreen versions, some DVD releases of films are in full screen only, due to whatever existing master is available or basing on what format demographics prefer to see on a certain title. In other territories, such as Europe and Asia, widescreen versions of films on VHS and Laserdisc were much more common in those territories and this is more apparent in pan-and-scanned movies that remain entirely on the center area of the film image. The term SmileBox is a trademark used to describe a type of letterboxing for Cinerama films. The image is produced with 3D mapping technology to approximate a curved screen, some titles that were previously released in full screen only on VHS and DVD are now being issued in their original widescreen ratio on recent DVDs and Blu-rays. Digital broadcasting allows 1.78,1 widescreen format transmissions without losing resolution, most television programming in the United States, Britain and France is in standard-definition 16,9 and is transmitted in anamorphic format on digital platforms. When using a 4,3 television, it is possible to display such programming in either a letterbox format or in a 4,3 centre-cut format. A letterboxed 14,9 compromise ratio was often broadcast in analogue transmissions in European countries making the transition from 4,3 to 16,9. Current high-definition television systems use video displays with an aspect ratio than older television sets. In addition to films produced for the cinema, some programming is produced in high definition
4.
576i
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576i is a standard-definition video mode originally used for broadcast television in most countries of the world where the utility frequency for electric power distribution is 50 Hz. Because of its association with the colour encoding system, it is often referred to as simply PAL, PAL/SECAM or SECAM when compared to its 60 Hz NTSC-colour-encoded counterpart. The 576 identifies a vertical resolution of 576 lines, and the i identifies it as an interlaced resolution and its basic parameters common to both analogue and digital implementations are,576 scan lines or vertical pixels of picture content,25 frames per second. Digital information not to be displayed as part of the image can be transmitted in the lines, teletext and other services. Analogue television signals have no pixels, they are rastered in scan lines, in digital applications, the number of pixels per line is an arbitrary choice as long as it fulfils the sampling theorem. Values above about 500 pixels per line are enough for conventional broadcast television, DVB-T, DVD and DV allow better values such as 704 or 720. The video format can be transported by major digital television formats, ATSC, DVB and ISDB, and on DVD, when 576i video is transmitted via baseband, most of the differences between the one-letter systems are no longer significant, other than vertical resolution and frame rate. Digital video uses its own separate space, so even the minor colour space differences between PAL and SECAM become moot in the digital domain. When 576i is used to transmit content that was composed of 25 full progressive frames per second. This is the opposite of NTSC, motion pictures are typically shot on film at 24 frames per second. When telecined and played back at PALs standard of 25 frames per second and this also applies to most TV series that are shot on film or digital 24p. Depending on the system in use, it also slightly increases the pitch of the soundtrack by 70.67 cents. More recently, digital conversion methods have used algorithms which preserve the pitch of the soundtrack. Conversion methods exist that can convert 24 frames per second video to 25 frames per second with no speed increase, however image quality suffers when conversions of this type are used. This method is most commonly employed through conversions done digitally, and is employed in situations where the importance of preserving the speed of the video outweighs the need for image quality. Many movie enthusiasts prefer PAL over NTSC despite the formers speed-up, because the results in telecine judder. States the majority of authorities on the subject favour PAL over NTSC for DVD playback quality, also DVD reviewers often make mention of this cause. For example, in his PAL vs. NTSC article, the founder of MichaelDVD says, Personally, I find all but intolerable and find it very hard to watch a movie on an NTSC DVD because of it
5.
731 Lexington Avenue
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731 Lexington Avenue is a 1,345,489 sq ft glass skyscraper on the East Side of Midtown Manhattan, New York City. It houses the headquarters of Bloomberg L. P. and as a result, is referred to informally as Bloomberg Tower. The building also houses retail outlets, restaurants and 105 luxury condominiums, the residences are known as One Beacon Court and are served by a separate entrance. The tower is the 15th tallest building in New York City and it stands at 55 stories tall, reaching 806 ft. Located at 731 Lexington Avenue, the building occupies the same block where Alexanders department store once stood. Construction on 731 Lexington Avenue began in 2001, three years after the vacant Alexanders department store was demolished, the building was developed by Vornado Realty Trust and César Pelli & Associates served as the design architect. The building comprises a full city block between Lexington and Third Avenues and 58th and 59th Streets, the complex features two towers constructed above a steel office and retail section, separated by a seven-story atrium. The residences are known as One Beacon Court and are served by a separate entrance, Bloomberg L. P. Paul Goldberger, in the Aug.6,2007, issue of New Yorker magazine, lauded the Bloomberg offices as a newsroom truly designed for the electronic age. A dazzling work environment tucked inside a refined but conventional skyscraper, the nationally syndicated talk show Charlie Rose is produced and filmed at 731 Lexington Avenue. Bloomberg L. P. s own Bloomberg Television also has its flagship studio housed there, primary retail tenants include the first large national chains to open stores in the neighborhood, namely The Home Depot, H&M and The Container Store. The tower is home to Sirio Maccionis Le Cirque restaurant which moved from The New York Palace Hotel in 2006. As of 2014, residential tenants included Beyoncé, former NBC Nightly News anchor Brian Williams, steven A. Cohen cut the price on his duplex-penthouse from $115 million to $79 million as of June 2015, and a year later to $72 million. Other amenities include 24-hour doorman, garage and valet parking, in the legal drama Suits,731 Lexington Avenue is the location of law firm Pearson Specter Litt. com Bloomberg Tower at Emporis Bloomberg Tower street view from Google Maps
6.
Bloomberg Television
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Bloomberg Television is an American-based international cable and satellite business news television channel that is owned by Bloomberg L. P. It is distributed globally, reaching over 310 million homes worldwide and it is primarily headquartered in New York City, with European headquarters in London and Asian headquarters in Mumbai and Hong Kong. S. Broadcasts are headed by Justin Smith, the CEO of Bloomberg Media Group, Smith replaced Andy Lack, who would eventually return to NBC News. The network also provides funding and studio facilities for the nightly PBS/WNET program Charlie Rose, Bloomberg Television first launched in the United States on January 1,1994 under the name Bloomberg Information TV, before it was shortened to its current name in 1998. The simulcast then moved to E. where it remained until the simulcast ended in January 2009, during its time on E. the 5–8 a. m. block was the most watched period for the network, according to Nielsen Media Research. Bloomberg Televisions U. S. network debuted a new package in January 2009. This current scheme was first used on the networks now-defunct pre-market program, Starting Bell, also on that date, Bloomberg U. S. revamped its weekday programming lineup. In October 2009, Bloomberg Television debuted another new graphics package, in 2011, Bloomberg Television announced a strategic relationship with Gas Station TV to deliver personal finance and business news to more than 27 million viewers each month at GSTV pumps. Bloomberg launched a high definition simulcast feed on May 9,2011, in mid-April 2013, DIRECTV started carrying Bloomberg HD. As of July 2014, Bloomberg Televisions standard-definition feed now shows a version of its native HD feed. In February 2009, Bloomberg Television announced that it would cease operating some of the variations of the channel. On March 9,2009, the channels available in Germany, France, Italy. Today, throughout Europe, the original version of Bloomberg Europe is available on cable. Since March 9,2009, Bloomberg Television utilizes its existing international production teams in Hong Kong, Europe and America, each Bloomberg receives localized advertising and a relevant business news ticker on screen. Bloomberg Japan ceased broadcasting on April 30,2009, the channel was then replaced by Bloomberg Asia. Bloomberg Japans Japanese language print newsroom and website continue to operate as normal, in June 2009, the Japanese service began running small on-air segments in cooperation with BS-Fuji Television. In October 2009, segments produced with the Tokyo Broadcasting System were added, Bloomberg Brazil and Bloomberg Latin America were integrated into the global Bloomberg channel during 2009. Bloomberg is a member of the Caribbean Cable & Telecommunications Association
7.
DirecTV
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DirecTV is an American direct broadcast satellite service provider based in El Segundo, California and is a subsidiary of AT&T. Its satellite service, launched on June 17,1994, transmits digital television and audio to households in the United States, Latin America. Its primary competitors are Dish Network and cable television providers, DirecTV provides television and audio services to subscribers through satellite transmissions. Services include the equivalent of local television stations, broadcast television networks, subscription television services, satellite radio services. Subscribers have access to hundreds of channels, so its competitors are cable television service, most subscribers use reception antennas which are much smaller than the first generation antennas, which were typically a few yards across. Advances in antenna technology, including fractal antennas, have allowed a reduction in antenna size across all industries. Receiving equipment includes a dish, an integrated receiver/decoder and a DirecTV access card. Consumers who purchase DirecTV subscribe to various packages of DirecTV programming for which the subscriber pays a monthly fee, additional monthly fees may include a protection plan, DVR, additional receivers, HD channels, and other premium channel packages. A subscriber also can order pay-per-view and video on demand events, all programming distributed by DirecTV is delivered to its broadcast centers in Castle Rock, Colorado, and Los Angeles, where it is then digitized and compressed. The resulting signal is encrypted by DirecTV to prevent its unauthorized reception, DirecTV then transmits these signals to several satellites located in geostationary orbit. As of the quarter ended September 30,2012, DirecTV U. S. had 19.981 million subscribers, for the same period, DirecTV Latin America ended with 9.666 million subscribers and revenues of US$1.577 billion. In addition to serving residences, DirecTV offers service to bars, restaurants, hotels, dorms, the company also offered mobile service for cars, boats, and RVs as well as aircraft in cooperation with Connexion by Boeing. On November 30,2016, DirecTV Now, an internet streaming TV service was launched, in 1953, Howard Hughes created the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, to which he transferred full ownership of Hughes Aircraft. Ostensibly created as a medical research foundation, HHMI was accused of being used by Hughes as a tax shelter. Following Hughes death in 1976, HHMI was incorporated in 1977, in 1984, the court appointed a new board for HHMI, which proceeded to sell off Hughes Aircraft to General Motors on December 20,1985, for an estimated $5.1 billion. General Motors then merged Hughes Aircraft with its subsidiary Delco Electronics to create Hughes Electronics Corporation, the new subsidiary was initially composed of four units, Delco Electronics Company, Hughes Aircraft Company, Hughes Space and Communications Company, and Hughes Network Systems. Stanley E. Hubbard founded United States Satellite Broadcasting in 1981 and was a proponent for the development of direct-broadcast satellite service in the United States. USSB was awarded five frequencies by the FCC, at the coveted 101 degree west satellite location, Hughes Communications, Inc. was also awarded 27 frequencies at the same 101-degree location
8.
Dish Network
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Dish Network is an American direct-broadcast satellite service provider. The company provides satellite television, satellite Internet access, audio programming, as of November 2016, the company provided services to 13.7 million television and 580,000 broadband subscribers. The company has approximately 16,000 employees, the company is headquartered in Meridian, Colorado, though the postal designation of nearby Englewood, Colorado is used in the corporate mailing address. In January 2008, Dish Network was spun off from its parent company EchoStar. The company began using Dish Network as its brand in March 1997, after the successful launch of its first satellite, EchoStar I. That launch marked the beginning of its television services, and EchoStar has since launched numerous satellites. EchoStar continues to be the technology partner to Dish Network. Joseph Clayton became president and chief officer of the company in June 2011. Clayton remained in the position until March 31,2015 when he retired leaving Ergen to resume the post, Dishs main service is satellite television. Its offerings are similar to satellite and cable companies. Viewers can choose from a series of bundles, paying more money for more channels. A la carte programming is available, however limited other than Premium channels, the company is currently working on diversifying its offerings. With its purchase of Blockbuster LLC, it now owns the Blockbuster trademarks and has used its intellectual property agreement to offer streaming, Dish Anywhere is Dishs subscriber-only streaming video service, which includes HBO and Cinemax programming. In May 2012, the American Customer Satisfaction Index ranked Dish second among American television providers and it weighs ten pounds, is protected from weather, and automatically searches for a signal. The only satellites that are compatible with the Tailgater are at Dishs 119,110. In March 2012, Dish began offering a video recorder called Dish Hopper that can automatically record all prime time programming on the four major television networks. The other half is for video on demand, a Hopper feature, called AutoHop, enables customers to view these programs without commercials, subject to time restrictions. AutoHop has attracted enthusiasts, critics, boycotts and legal action, at the 2013 Consumer Electronics Show Dish won an award for their AutoHop feature on the Hopper
9.
Foxtel
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Foxtel is an Australian pay television company, operating a duopoly in cable television, a monopoly in direct broadcast satellite television, and IPTV catch-up services. It was formed in 1995 through a joint venture established between News Corporation and Telstra, both of the owning companies are 50% shareholders. It shares many features with the Sky service in the United Kingdom, including iQ, the program guide, a similar remote control. On 23 October 1995, Foxtel commenced a 20 channel service, in May 1998, Australis Media, the owner of a satellite television service known as Galaxy, was declared insolvent. In February 1999, Foxtel began offering its own service to new customers. Publishing and Broadcasting Limited bought half of News Corporations shares in October 1998, in 2002, a Content Sharing Agreement between Foxtel and Optus Television was approved by the Australian Competition and Consumer Commission. The Austar shares have been suspended on the ASX as of 16 April 2012, the takeover was completed on 24 May 2012. News Corporation acquired Consolidated Media Holdings in November 2012, bringing its stake to 50%, on 15 June 2015, Foxtel officially agreed to buyout 15% shares in Ten Network Holdings, pending the approval from the ACCC. Prior to the acquisition, Discovery backed out from bidding partnership with Foxtel, as of 2012, Fox Sports channels, in particular Fox Footy, average between 90,000 and 300,000 + viewers for NRL/AFL matches throughout the week. The highest rated light entertainment shows are The Simpsons most weeknights on Fox8 with around 110,000 viewers, A&E has also recorded healthy audience numbers for its TruTV & A&E US syndicated shows from the US – Pawn Stars, Hardcore Pawn, and Storage Wars. BBC UKTV also consistently rates well with British soaps EastEnders and Coronation Street, Foxtel transmits its cable service via Telstra hybrid fibre-coaxial cable into the Brisbane, Sydney, Melbourne, Adelaide and Perth metropolitan areas, along with the Gold Coast. Foxtel on Mobile launched on Telstras Next G Network in late 2006 and is now available within Telstra Next G coverage areas, in 2002, Foxtel and Optus Television agreed to a content-sharing arrangement. Programming competition between the two companies has now dissipated, prior to its acquisition by Foxtel in 2011, Austar, a regional pay television operator, also carried most Foxtel programming. In April 2008, Foxtels penetration into Australian homes passed 30% and this penetration rate is significantly lower compared with market penetration rates in the US and in Western Europe. This is due to the fact that Australian pay-TV fees are significantly more expensive, Foxtel announced its maiden annual profit in 2006, more than 10 years after it commenced services. The installation and maintenance of Foxtel services is Telstras responsibility, in many markets Telstra has outsourced installation and maintenance to large communications contractors, including ABB Communications and Siemens-Thiess Communications Joint Venture. In 2007, Network Ten formed an agreement with Foxtel to allow them to carry a version of Tens programming. Included in the deal is electronic program guide data, which allows Foxtel iQ users to schedule recordings on Ten, before the agreement, Ten was carried in an analogue format on cable only
10.
Dish TV
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Dish TV is Indias largest Direct to Home television operator using MPEG4 DVB S2 and MPEG2 digital compression technology. It is a division of Zee Entertainment Enterprises and it was ranked #437 and #5 on the list of media companies in Fortune India 500 roster of Indias largest corporations in 2011. Dish TV was also voted Indias most trusted DTH brand according to the Brand Trust Report 2014, as of 30 September 2016, Dish TV has about 15.1 million subscribers. To analog cable that was giving 60 and was much cheaper, and, STAR refused to give its channels. So, we decided to go slow and concentrate in cable-dry and cable-frustrated markets, rather than cable-rich markets, Dish TV acquired 350,000 subscribers within 2 years of the launch. Following bitter legal proceedings between STAR and Zee, in 2007, the two called a truce and began offering their channels on each others services. This decision and Dish TVs acquisition of more transponders enabled them to offer 150 channels on their service, although Dish TV does not officially offer services in Bhutan, some cable providers in the country have installed Dish TV in subscribers homes. The total number of Dish TV subscribers in Bhutan is unknown, on 11 November 2016, the Board of Directors of Dish TV and Videocon d2h agreed to an all-stock merger of their DTH operations. The merger will create the largest DTH provider in India with a valuation of ₹17,000 crore. The merged entity will be called Dish TV Videocon Limited, Dish TV will hold a 55. 4% stake in the merged entity, while Videocon d2h will own the remaining shares. As on 30 September 2016, the two combined would have 27.6 million subscribers out of the estimated 175 million Indian households that own a television. The deal is subject to regulatory approvals, which take a minimum of 8 months. Dish TV expanded its services in the Indian subcontinent, by launching Dish TV Sri Lanka to provide DTH services in Sri Lanka, the company commenced its operations in the region from the 27 March 2015. Dish TV Sri Lanka competes with the other satellite TV provider, Dialog TV. Zing Digital is a subsidiary of Dish TV India launched in January 2015 to provide access to South Indias regional channel packs at an affordable cost, essel Group Direct-to-home television in India Fortune India 500 Dish TV
11.
Reliance Digital TV
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Reliance Digital TV Ltd is an Indian direct to home television operator offering services under the brand name Reliance Digital TV. Reliance Digital TV Ltd is a subsidiary of Reliance Communications, launched as Reliance Big TV in August 2008, the service acquired 1 million subscribers within 90 days of launch, the fastest ramp-up ever achieved by any DTH operator in the world. Reliance Big TV offers its 1.7 million customers DVD-quality pictures on over 200 channels using MPEG-4 technology, the service was later renamed as Reliance Digital TV. Direct-to-home television in India Official website
12.
Astro (television)
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All-Asian Satellite Television and Radio Operator is a Malaysian direct broadcast satellite Pay TV service. Astro was granted a license as a sole Pay TV provider by the Malaysia federal government until 2022. Until then, it will be the only DBS provider in Malaysia and its only with their allies is HyppTV, a IPTV service by TM who carry their 5 Astro channels. As of September 2014, astro provided services to four million subscribers. Astro is an owned subsidiary of Astro All Asia Networks plc. Bhd. Astro launched the first High Definition broadcast in Malaysia in December 2009 under the brand Astro B. yond. Following the launch of HD, Astro B. yond PVR was introduced in June 2010 and Astro B. yond IPTV in April 2011 followed by Over-The-Top service, on 18 February 2012, Astro introduced NJOI as an entry-level DTH satellite TV service. It is the first non-subscription-based satellite TV, as of February 2015, NJOI has 24 SDTV channels,5 HDTV channels and all radio channels. Tan Sri Ananda Krishnan, was issued a license in 1995 to operate MEASAT, MEASAT in turn launched ASTRO, Malaysia’s digital direct broadcast satellite service. He is estimated to have a net worth of over US$7.4 billion, Malaysia’s privately owned FM stations exhibit similar ownership patterns as television, and is largely controlled by Ananda Krishnan. Five of the seven stations are owned by Airtime Management and Programming Sdn, Bhd. AMP additionally operates four “FM” services that are available only via digital direct broadcast satellite. AMP is also a division of Krishnan’s ASTRO, not forgetting that Ananda Krishnan also has control over the telecommunication company Binariang Bhd. that owns two satellites Measat-1, Measat-2 and now Maxis Communications Berhad. Astro utilises 11 high powered Ku-band transponders on MEASAT-3 and 6 high powered Ku-band transponders on MEASAT-3A to transmit its signal across Malaysia, MEASAT-3 and MEASAT-3A are owned by MEASAT Satellite Systems Sdn Bhd, a subsidiary of MEASAT Global. Astro and MEASAT Global are related parties, MEASAT-3 was launched into orbit in Dec 2006 at 91.5 degrees east, entered commercial service on 1 February 2007 and has a design lifetime of 15 years. MEASAT-3A, which also has a lifetime of 15 years. Both satellites are controlled from the Measat Teleport and Broadcast Centre located in Cyberjaya, a backup satellite control facility is located at the All Asia Broadcast Centre. On 1 January 2003, Astro Showcase was launched as a channel showcasing Southeast Asian movies. The following year, Season Pass was launched, showing games and these two have now became pay-per-view channels under the Astro Box Office name and new logo was launched, the uppercase Philips ASTRO was changed to the lowercase astro
13.
Airtel digital TV
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Airtel digital TV is an Indian direct-broadcast satellite service provider owned and operated by Bharti Airtel. Its satellite service, launched in 2008, transmits digital satellite television and it has a total subscriber base of 10.07 million as of 30 March 2015. On 4 May 2010, Airtel digital TV announced the launch of its HD+ recorder that records content, on 24 May 2011, Airtel announced that its digital TV HD and HD-DVR boxes are software-enabled to view standard definition content up-scaled to 1080i HD. Airtel Digital TVs standard definition broadcasts are in MPEG-4 with Interactive Service, a universal remote is included in the package that can, over IR frequencies, control both the TV and the DTH box. Airtel Digital TV HD provides channels of resolution 1080 or 720 pixel with 16,9 aspect ratio, the Set-top box is compatible with 7.1 Channel Dolby digital Plus surround sound and is the first HD Set-top box in India to be compliant with the standard. Airtel Digital TV provides On-Demand services on connected boxes that includes a catalog of movies, TV series and other programmes across English and it also offers interactive services such as iDarshan, iKidsworld, iMusicspace and games
14.
Freesat
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Freesat is a free-to-air digital satellite television joint venture between the BBC and ITV plc, serving the United Kingdom. The service was formed as a memorandum in 2007 and has been marketed since 6 May 2008, Freesats main competitors are Freeview and Freesat from Sky. On digital terrestrial, the channels have always been available free-to-air with the appropriate equipment, in 2007 Freeview was available to only 73% of the population. After analogue TV services were replaced in the digital switchover, this increased to 98. 5% for the public service channels, to provide more widespread coverage and a larger number of channels, a digital satellite alternative was felt necessary. The use of encryption meant that anyone wishing to view the channels had to purchase equipment from Sky, similarly, to use the Videoguard encryption, the broadcasters needed to pay a fee to NDS Group. In May 2003 the BBC moved most of its channels from the Astra 2A satellite to Astra 2D and this move allowed the BBC to stop encrypting its broadcasts while continuing to meet its rights obligations. It dropped the two months later. Two months later, ITV, whose channels had already been located on the Astra 2D satellite since launching on the Sky platform some years earlier, also made their channels free-to-air. On 18 November 2008, Channel 5 commenced broadcasting a single channel via Freesat, eventually adding its ancillary services 5USA, viva moved from free-to-view to free-to-air on satellite on 19 March 2013, before launching on Freesat on 2 April 2013. On 2 April 2013, all seven of Box Televisions channels left Skys subscription package, with six becoming free-to-air on satellite, on 15 April four of the channels – The Box, TV, Kiss TV and Smash Hits – were added to the Freesat EPG. This was followed by Heat and Magic on 29 April, the Freesat project aims to provide a managed service with an Electronic Programme Guide and interactive features similar to the Freeview service launched three years earlier. Unlike Freeview, however, these features are available on approved receivers manufactured under licence from Freesat. The initial plan was to launch the service in early 2006 and this was postponed to Autumn 2007 as approval from the BBC Trust was only received in April 2007. However, the service was delayed and was officially launched on 6 May 2008. The service launched officially on 6 May 2008, from the launch, Freesat advertised all national television channels from the BBC and ITV as being available on the platform, as well as all national BBC radio networks. Channel 4 also managed to make most of its channels free-to-air in preparation for the launch. In addition some channels from other such as Chello Zone, CSC Media Group, Al Jazeera English, Zee Live, Zee News RIA Novosti. BBC HD was the only channel available on Freesat from launch day
15.
Sky UK
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Sky UK Limited is a telecommunications company which serves the United Kingdom. Sky provides television and broadband services, fixed line and mobile telephone services to consumers. It is the UKs largest pay-TV broadcaster with 11 million customers as of 2015 and it was the UKs most popular digital TV service until it was overtaken by Freeview in April 2007. Its corporate headquarters are based in Isleworth, formed in November 1990 by the equal merger of Sky Television and British Satellite Broadcasting, Sky became the UKs largest digital subscription television company. Following Skys 2014 acquisition of Sky Italia and a majority 90. 04% interest in Sky Deutschland in November 2014, the United Kingdom operations also changed the company name from British Sky Broadcasting Limited to Sky UK Limited, still trading as Sky. Sky UK Limited is an owned subsidiary of Sky plc, with its current company directors being Andrew Griffith. Griffith acts as the Chief Financial Officer and the Managing Director for the commercial businesses division, after the two companies merged, subscribers could get access to both channels, and later the sports channel Sky Sports also became encrypted. In the autumn of 1991, talks were held for the broadcast rights for Premier League for a five-year period, ITV were the current rights holders, and fought hard to retain the new rights. ITV had increased its offer from £18m to £34m per year to control of the rights. BSkyB joined forces with the BBC to make a counter bid, Murdoch described sport as a battering ram for pay-television, providing a strong customer base. A few weeks after the deal, ITV went to the High Court to get an injunction as it believed their bid details had been leaked before the decision was taken. ITV also asked the Office of Fair Trading to investigate since it believed Rupert Murdochs media empire via its newspapers had influenced the deal. A few days later neither action took effect, ITV believed BSkyB was telephoned and informed of its £262m bid, and Premier League advised BSkyB to increase its counter bid. BSkyB retained the rights paying £670m 1997–2001 deal, but was challenged by On Digital for the rights from 2001–2004, in May 2006, the Irish broadcaster Setanta Sports was awarded two of the six Premier League packages that the English FA offered to broadcasters. Sky picked up the four for £1. 3bn. In February 2015, Sky bid £4. 2bn for a package of 120 premier league games across the three seasons from 2016 and this represented an increase of 70% on the previous contract and was said to be £1bn more than the company had expected to pay. The move has been followed by staff cuts, increased subscription prices, in September 1993, BSkyB launched Sky Multichannels which was the present digital platforms analogue predecessor. Sky Multichannels was a package that gave access not only to Skys own channels
16.
Sky Italia
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Sky Italia is an Italian digital satellite television platform owned by Sky plc. It is similar in ways to Sky in the United Kingdom and Sky Ireland in Ireland, which is partly owned by 21st Century Fox. Pay TV services on Sky Italia are encrypted in NDS VideoGuard, the VideoGuard set-top boxes that have been provided since July 2010 are identical to the Sky+ HD boxes used in the UK. Sky Italia was founded in July 2003 by the merger of TELE+, since July 2010 Sky Italia has been giving the Sky Digital Key and the My Sky HD box for free to every new customer. The My Sky boxes launched on 22 November 2005 - based on a new digital receiver with HDD recording capabilities, subsequently, the My Sky HD boxes were added. The My Sky HD service had provided with an extra charge until July 2010. The service is identical to the BSkyB Sky+ HD. On 28 June 2010, Sky Italia changed its brands and logos, Sky Italia offers eight packages of channels, five base-level Channel Packs and three optional Sky Packs enhancements. Sky Primafila has got some similarities to BSkyBs Sky Movies Box Office, the HD service has been offered without any extra charge since 2009. There are 37 HDTV channels so far broadcasting on Sky, due to become 50 by the end of 2011, on 1 October 2010, Sky activated its first 3D channel, Sky Sport 3D, available without any extra cost to the Sport pack subscribers. The very first event Sky Sport 3D aired was the 2010 Ryder Cup, on 25 December 2010, Sky launched another 3D channel, Sky Cinema 3D, airing 3D movies, available for free for Cinema pack subscribers. These channel have been replaced by Sky 3D on 6 September 2011, on many channels, foreign-sourced content is broadcast either with an option to choose between Italian and English language soundtracks, or with Italian subtitles. Sky Italia uses the Hot Bird 6/8/9 satellites at 13. 0°E, Tom Mockridge, the then head of Sky Italia replaced Rebekah Brooks as chief executive of News International after she had resigned on 15 July 2011. Andrea Zappia replaced Tom Mockridge as CEO on 1 August 2011, on 7 October 2011 Sky Italia announced it reached the 5 million subscribers benchmark. The enlarged company would be likely to be called Sky Europe, the sale was announced on 25 July 2014 which was subject to regulatory and shareholder approval. The acquisition was completed on 13 November, March, the European Commission approves the merger between TELE+ and Stream TV. 31 July, Sky Italia is founded, April, Sky Italia abandons SECA encryption system to switch to the NDS, managed by the News Corporation. November, Skys subscribers reach 3 million, may, Sky Italia are awarded the broadcast rights to the 2006 FIFA World Cup
17.
TrueVisions
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TrueVisions is Thailands leading cable satellite television operator. Now owned by the True Corporation, the company was known as the United Broadcasting Corporation and also known as UBC-True. International Broadcasting Corporation was the first national cable TV provider established in 1989 by Thaksin Shinawatra, after having granted a 20-years concession to provide subscription television service by MCOT, IBC began broadcasting its programmes via super high frequency microwave using MMDS. Its first DTH service began in 1995 after their request for expansion was approved. In 1997, South African-Dutch company, MIH Limited bought 16% stake in IBC, iBC’s content mostly came from other countries such as HBO, CNN and ESPN. UTV began providing its CATV service in Bangkok Metropolitan Areas in September 1995, the service was offered on its high quality hybrid fiber coaxial network which began deploying in 1994. The cable technology allowed a number of channels to be offered, with high quality sound and picture, by 1997 hybrid fiber coaxial cable network passed an estimated 800,000 homes. In 1997 UTV sold the infrastructure component of its business to its sister company Asia Multimedia Company Limited. This allowed UTV to focus on content and subscriber management service delivery, due to an economic crisis since 1997, in February 1998, IBC signed a merger with UTV to form United Broadcasting Corporation in order to survive the crisis by decreased the operation costs. In November 2005, True Corporation announced it would take over UBC plc. It will buy 30. 59% stake from MIH Holdings and launch an offer for the 221 million shares outstanding at 26.5 baht per share. In April 2006, UBC has rebranded to UBC-True following the take over completion, UBC was delisted from SET on 11 April 2006. On April 2,2006, UBC-True announced that it was launching the documentary channels Explore 1, Explore 2, UBC-True also announced the entertainment channels, G-Square and UBC Preview, followed by two music channels, Majung TV and True Music. On 24 January 2007, UBC-True was rebranded as TrueVisions, also known as TrueVisions UBC along with an announcement of its rights to Premier League. After a long fight on piracy, TrueVisions switched its content encryption system to VideoGuard on 12 July 2012 and it also upgrade its video encryption from MPEG-2 to MPEG-4 which can be used with a new HD set-top box which was launched in October 2011. Premier League has been the one of its content for years until it lost the rights to the newcomer, CTH. TrueVisions airs 6 beIN Sports channels after completed a negotiation with the Qatar-based sport network, regular programming was gradually returned to the channels over the course of the next several weeks. On 1 April 2013, TrueVisions dropped Star World along with Channel M from its platform and this was because Fox International Channels no longer offered them on an exclusivity basis
18.
OSN
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Orbit Showtime Network is a direct-broadcast satellite provider serving the Middle East and North Africa. It offers popular entertainment content such as movies, sporting events and various TV shows from major networks, paramount, HBO, Fox, Disney, Sony, MGM, Universal, ESPN and DreamWorks in addition to local versions specifically for the MENA region. As of 2015 OSN offers 154 television channels and 53 high-definition channels, OSN was formed as a result of merger of two of the Mideasts largest TV networks, Orbit and Showtime Arabia in 2009. The OSN network is owned and operated by Panther Media Group Limited, oSNs corporate headquarters and Broadcast Center are based in Dubai Media City in the United Arab Emirates. OSN introduced several technologies and services in the Middle East market, in 2012 the OSN DVR HD was launched. OSN Play, an online TV platform, Plus HD, a 3D, HD, internet-enabled satellite receiver and recorder and OSN on Demand, the regions first VOD service were all launched in the same year. Showtime Arabia, was launched in 1996 as a joint venture between KIPCO and CBS Corporation and six years after its launch became the number one satellite television platform in MENA. Showtime Arabia continued its growth in the region by adding a range of new channels, in 2008, Showtime Arabia also introduced a video on-demand service, broadcasting full seasons of premier U. S. series and top Hollywood movies. OSN provides 150 channels including 65 HD channels and two on-demand channels, OSN News OSN Sports OSN Movies Orbit Showtime Network opening string of UAE retail outlets. Official website Company profile at Zawya Flysat OSN Package Turner switch off on OSN
19.
DStv
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DStv has around 8 million subscribers, with the majority being in South Africa and Nigeria. 1986, Pay-television came to South Africa when an analogue, single-channel service, for almost seven years, all M-Nets operations were handled by a single company. 1993, Naspers created a company, Multichoice, which was to handle the business arm of M-Net, such as decoder sales, subscriber services. 1995, Multichoice announced that it was launching a new digital, satellite service in South Africa and, on 6 October 1995,2000, Launch of W4 Eutelsat satellite with Ku-band services to sub-Saharan Africa and the Indian Ocean Islands. 2001, Launch of Indian and Portuguese bouquet,2005, The DStv PVR decoder and DStv Compact is launched. DStv Premium subscribers in South Africa cross the 1 million mark,2006, MultiChoice launches BBBEE Share Scheme, Phuthuma Nathi. 2007, Channel Shuffle on 1 October, moving channels around to 3-digit numbers,2007, Launch of DStv Select and of entry bouquet DStv EasyView. 2008, Launch of DStvs first High Definition decoder the HD PVR, XtraView,2009, HD channels - SuperSport 1 HD, Discovery HD Showcase are launched. 2010, DVB over IP and DStv on Demand service launched, as well as the HD PVR 2P,2011, DStv BoxOffice & DStv Mobile launched. 2011, GOtv, a new pay television offering on digital terrestrial television platforms is established in a number of countries in Sub-Saharan Africa. It also launched a new DStv Family bouquet 2013, DStv subscribers across Africa reach 6.7 million,2014, The new channels, Lifetime, Nicktoons, Nick Junior, Vuzu Amp, M-Net Edge and Glow are launched. BBC Earth HD replacing BBC Knowledge channel 184 and will be available on DStv Premium on 1 September, BBC First as a new channel 119 on DStv Premium on 18 October. Alongside BBC World News and the new additions to DStv Compact BBC Lifestyle,2015, Popular Christian station Emmanuel TV launches on DStv. 2015-2016, The launch of ID Xtra on DStv from 5 January 2016 to replace Investigation Discovery,2016, TBN launches on DStv replacing Rhema tv from 4 March. M-net Movies stars was renamed M-Net Movies All Stars. M-Net Movies Action and M-Net City began broadcast in HD. CBS Drama and CBS Action stopped airing on 20 October, while AMC and True Movies 1 will stop airing on the 11 and 12th of November respectively. DStv MobileX DStv Mobile DVBH and Bomba DStv 20th Century Fox generations DStv has a range of decoders manufactured by Altech UEC, the latest decoders allow subscribers to use XtraView. This allows a subscriber to link two decoders under a subscription fee, to increase the viewing environments. The Standard Decoder is DStv’s entry level HD single view decoder and it has XtraView capability, where it can be linked to itself, the HD PVR or the HD EXPLORA
20.
Yes (Israel)
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Satellite Services Ltd, is the sole direct broadcast satellite television provider in Israel. It broadcasts multichannel TV and VOD services via satellite Amos-2 and Amos-3, yes began broadcasting in July 2000. The largest shareholder of the provider is the Bezeq corporation, which holds up to 49% of its shares, the early years of the company were unstable due to technical and financial difficulties. In response, the companies merged into one company under the name HOT. Yes provides television services to more than half a million customers using two Israeli satellites – AMOS-2 and AMOS-3, the company broadcasts more than 200 television stations from around the world, along with exclusive Israeli channels. In 2004, yes started offering its customers the first DVR in Israel, on December 23,2007, yes began broadcasting in High Definition. The broadcasting format is Widescreen 16,9 with resolution of 1080i50, the broadcasting system is DVB-S2 and H.264. There is also support for content in 720p, on some of the content there is also 5.1 Dolby Digital sound. In April 2011, yes had 18 HD channels, receiving the broadcastings in HD is available only with yes HD set-top boxes - ADB 7820S - which has multiple digital and analog outputs - including HDMI and S/PDIF - coaxial and optical. On April 22,2009, yes released the HD-DVR set-top box - yesMaxHD - which can record two shows simultaneously, also in High Definition, on beginning of May 2010, yes started to provide Russian language audio track for HD movie channels. On November 2011 yes introduced a Streamer feature within yesMaxHD available to those who purchase the VOD feature, in September and October 2007, satellite television channels in Israel were plagued with signal disruptions, with the north of the country particularly badly affected. In order to compensate its clientele, yes offered their pay-per-view DVDbox channels free to all clients for 2 weeks in October. Later, in an effort to win over many clients who were still displeased, yes Stars Television in Israel Hot Official website Channel and transponder list
21.
Indovision
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Indovision is a subscription-based direct broadcast satellite or direct-to-home satellite television and radio service initially in Indonesia. Indovision is currently owned by PT MNC Skyvision Tbk, Indovision began operations in January 1994. Indovision started its service with five-channel C-Band Direct Broadcast Satellite analog service, following in 1997, IndoStar-1 which also known as Cakrawarta-1 satellite was launched. This satellite uses S-Band frequency, which are vulnerable to atmospheric interference than C-Band frequency. Cakrawarta-1 is managed and operated by PT Media Citra Indostar, a subsidiary of PT Indosat Tbk which was established on July 22,1991. The S-Band DBS service substantially has increased programming line-up and has expanded the companys subscriber base using smaller, then, by the end of 1997, the company anticipated terminating its analog service and encouraged its subscribers to switch to its new digital DBS service. This digital system allows Indovision to deliver superior audio and video quality to its subscribers, in May 2009, Indovision launched a new satellite named Indostar-2/Cakrawarata-2/ProtoSar-2. It was later renamed to SES-7 in May 2010, currently, Indovision has 5 channels in high-definition, including HBO HD, Fox Movies Premium HD, National Geographic Channel HD, Disney XD HD, & Fox Sports 3 HD
22.
DishHD
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DishHD is a high-definition direct-to-home satellite television service in Asia. The DishHD channel lineup is sold in two packages, DishHD programming includes both high-definition video channels as well as premium audio channels. DishHD has over 400 dealers selling the DishHD service. DishHD is also sold in Mainland China by some Private sellers, the DishHD corporate office is located in Taipei, Taiwan
23.
Cignal
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Cignal is a subscription-based Direct-To-Home satellite television service provider in the Philippines. Cignal is owned by Cignal TV Inc. a wholly owned subsidiary of the MediaQuest Holdings Inc. under the PLDT Beneficial Trust Fund, for subscribers to receive Cignal broadcasts, they must acquire upon subscription the satellite dish antenna, remote control, and the set top box. Cignal’s prepaid electronic loading system, is powered by the loading platform of Smart Communications. Cignal uses VideoGuard encryption system to protect its content from signal piracy, Cignal TV is utilizing the SES-7 satellite to provide optimal coverage directly to the target markets. As of September 2015, Cignal reached the 1,000,000 subscribers base target, Cignal HD Spikers Cignal HD Hawkeyes
24.
Dialog TV
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Dialog TV is a direct broadcast satellite pay TV service provider based in Sri Lanka. A fully owned subsidiary of Dialog Axiata PLC, Dialog TV was launched in July 2005 under the name CBNsat and it was later renamed to Dialog TV in February 2007 after the company was acquired by Dialog Axiata PLC. Dialog TV currently has over 700,000, Dialog TV has coverage over the entirety of Sri Lanka, Nepal and neighboring countries through the Intelsat-12 satellite. Dialog TV is a provider of Standard Definition TV, High Definition TV, Dialog Television currently offers 144 TV channels, including 7 HD channels. Dialog TV offers 2 payment options for customers to receive their service, per Day Packages allows the customer to pay a daily rental fee ranging from Rs.3 to Rs.12 for a limited number of channels. Alternatively the Postpaid payment method has 5 package options with a rental fee of between Rs.699 to Rs.1949 for higher number of channels. Dialog Television offers you the convenience to choose additional Channel Packs varying from Movies, Sports, Entertainment, Edutainment, daily Pass gives you access to all of Dialog Television channels for a day, two days, one week or one month. Subscription via USSD or SMS from your mobile, ON or OFF your Dialog Television Channels from the comfort of your home via SMS. Dialog Television brings you the latest digital revolution, Dialog Television HD DTH service, with great picture quality, incredibly vivid colors, sharper images and stunning surround sound, this new service will give you a breathtaking entertainment experience. Customers will have to plug in a USB drive to their decoder & start recording. Dialog Television, announced the launch of its home theater innovation aimed at providing Sri Lankan movie. Branded as the 7th Circuit, this channel carry pre-cinema movie premiers based on a pay–per–view model, Dialog TV expresses its hopes to soon expand their digital network to other neighboring countries. Dialog TV signed an agreement with ESPN and Star Sports on 7 March 2006, the Zee package was launched in January. Al Jazeera English was launched on 19 April 2007, replacing the SET channel, in March 2007, Dialog TV won exclusive rights to broadcast the Cricket World Cup 2007 in Sri Lanka. Dialog TVs third transponder was launched in late April 2007, the third transponder is now available on Dialog TV for all subscribers, and all except one of the new channels are launched. The STAR package was launched on August 3,2007, STAR Cricket was added on August 7,2007. A software upgrade was tested on 8 June, although it only updated to the June 1,2006 software, the 2007 July update was made available on July 18,2007. This update changed all logos and names on the software to Dialog TV from the previous CBNsat
25.
Sun Direct
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Sun Direct is an Indian direct broadcast satellite service provider. Its satellite service, launched in 2007, transmits digital satellite television, Sun Direct uses MPEG-4 digital compressionSun Direct technology, transmitting HD Channels on INSAT 4B Sun Direct at 93. 5°E. and SD Channels on MEASAT-3 at 91. 5°E. Sun Direct is a joint venture between the Marans Sun Network family and the Astro Group of Malaysia, after the DTH policy was announced by the government in December 2007, Astro picked up a 20% stake in Sun Direct TV, the stake was valued at approximately $115 million. Sun Direct TV was registered on 16 February 2005, however, the failed launch of Sun Direct INSAT 4C resulted in Sun Direct lack of transponders, delaying the launch. The service was launched on 18 Jan 2008 after availability of transponders from INSAT 4B. Sun Direct offered subscribers a satellite dish and Set-top box for free, currently basic monthly plan costs 149. Sun Direct spread rapidly all over the country owing to lowest pricing of any DTH services in India, in December 2009, Sun Direct was launched in Mumbai, Countrys financial capital and announced its pan India launch. By 2009 it became the leading DTH provider with 3 million subscribers and this makes it the second largest DTH service provider of India. In April 2010 Sun Direct became the No.1 DTH service provider of India with 5.8 million subscribers, as of January 2015, Sun Direct crossed the 10 million subscriber mark. On January 2017 sundirect increased their HD channels from 18 to 50 channels, BIG TV allows Sun Direct to get signals of FTA channels to Sun Direct. Sun Direct becomes the second DTH Provider to change satellite, Sun Direct currently provides 7 Bengali,2 Oriya,4 North -Eastern,7 Marathi,5 Punjabi,3 Gujarati,2 Bhojpuri,3 Urdu,40 + Hindi Channels. Very soon some more channels will be added & Sun Direct will now focus on ROI as well, as of now they are having the cheapest ROI Packages. Sun Direct is also the first to provide television services in India. It provided the HD beam from Measat 3 at 91.5, starting with two HD channels, National Geographic Channel HD and Tamil/Telugu HD Service. Now the HD beam is from INSAT-4B and it is the first DTH service provider to show IPL3 in HD format and has tie up with Dolby digital Sun Direct l. Sun Direct has introduced recording feature facility as an addition to its HD services, subscribers can now record unlimited HD or SD television content via USB port facility in the all new PVR box. The new Sun Direct HD boxes let anyone attach any external storage like a USB drive or HDD & record TV content Sun Direct on it, Sun Direct has over 9.7 million subscribers as of March 2015. There are more than 50 million DTH subscribers in India as of June 2014, Sun TV Network Bharti Airtel DD Free Dish Reliance Digital TV Airtel digital TV Dish TV TATA Sky ABS Free Dish Sun Direct Official website
26.
Optus Television
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Optus Television is the cable television division of Australian telecommunications company Optus. Optus Vision used a hybrid fibre coaxial cable network to connect homes to its network, Optus Vision added broadband cable internet access to its network. Optus Vision used the Optus telecommunications licence as authority to build a cable network, the Optus Vision network was rolled out in Sydney, Melbourne and Brisbane. The major competitor to Optus Vision was Foxtel, a 50/50 joint venture between Telstra and News Corporation and these competed heavily in the metropolitan areas. Optus Vision negotiated exclusive access to AFL football Rugby League, and it also had exclusive access to Disney Channel, ESPN and MTV Australia though it always lacked the general entertainment channels that Foxtel had. From 1995 to 1997, the Super League War waged between the two consortia over lucrative rugby league rights, in March 1997, Optus bought out the other shareholders in exchange for equity in itself, to float. In 2002 Optus let go of some of its exclusive content contracts, MTV Australia, Disney Channel ESPN and the premium Movie Network channels all became available on Foxtel as soon as they were able. In 2009 Optus Television stopped offering its service to new subscribers, from February 2011 Optus were again offering Optus TV featuring Foxtel including IQ2 services. On February 142016, Singtel-Optus renewed their contract with Astro-Fetch TV in preparation for the 2016/17 EPL season, Optus, along with Austar had a joint venture in the use of Satellite broadcasting for the delivery of Subscription Television. Originally, Foxtel had not previously offered a Satellite service, until purchasing the satellite subscribers from Australis Media within their service area, until 2004, Foxtel was a customer of the Austar/Optus joint venture. Optus utilised this joint venture to initially trial and subsequently offer a basic satellite service, the service was very select with not many being able to access the service. It was also offered to Norfolk Island and some smart cards were enabled for some residents to take part in a trial of the service, the ability to offer the service came about due to Optus offering a large number of channels to East Coast Television. After Optus axed the VIP Service, it sold its share in the joint venture to Austar. In 2004, the roles reversed and Austar became the customer to Foxtel for satellite delivery, until 2002, Optus did not offer the Fox Sports sporting channels on their service as Foxtel and Austar did, instead offering channels from Sportsvision, and ESPN. During the Super League/ARL war, the Optus sports channels had the rights to the ARL competition, Seven bought Sportsvision, which became Optus and Austar exclusive C7 Sport and progressively lost sporting rights to Fox Sports. During that time Foxtel granted Optus an NRL Channel, screening all of the NRL matches that had previously been exclusively on the Foxtel platform. In 2000, Seven and C7 Sport lost the AFL rights to a Nine/Ten, in March 2002, the commencement of the new AFL broadcasting deal with Foxtel led Optus and Austar to drop C7 Sport from their services, leading to the demise of the channel. Optus replaced the C7 channels with an Optus rebadged version of Fox Sports, Optus dropped the Optus Sports name in October 2002
27.
Virgin Media
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Virgin Media PLC is a British company which provides fixed and mobile telephone, television and broadband internet services to businesses and consumers in the United Kingdom. Its headquarters are in Hook, Hampshire, United Kingdom, the company has been a subsidiary of Liberty Global plc, an international television and telecommunications company headquartered in London, since June 2013. Virgin Media previously had a listing on the NASDAQ Stock Market and was a constituent of the NASDAQ-100 index. It also had a listing on the London Stock Exchange. The company was formed in March 2006 by the merger of NTL and Telewest, in November 2006 the company signed a deal with Sir Richard Branson to license the Virgin brand for the combined business. All of the companys services were rebranded under the Virgin Media name in February 2007. At the same date it had around 3 million mobile telephony customers, Virgin Media competes primarily with Sky, BT Group, EE, O2, TalkTalk, Vodafone and Three. The companys origins lie in both Telewest and NTL, which merged in March 2006, Telewest began in 1984 in Croydon under the name Croydon Cable, and was acquired by United Cable of Denver in 1988. The company expanded during the 1990s and adopted the Telewest name in 1992 following the merger of its then-parent TCI and US West. It expanded into cable television access in 1999 by purchasing the remaining 50% stake in Cable London, one of the first cable TV companies in the UK, from NTL, adding 400,000 homes in north London. In April 2000 Telewest merged with Flextech, and in November extended its network with the acquisition of Eurobell. NTL was established by Barclay Knapp and George Blumenthal in 1993 as International CableTel, initially, Cabletel acquired local cable franchises covering Guildford, Northern Ireland and parts of Central Scotland and South Wales. In 1996 CableTel acquired National Transcommunications Limited, the privatised UK Independent Broadcasting Authority transmission network, in 1998 CableTel adopted NTL as its new name. NTL purchased the ISP Virgin. net in 2004, having originally operated it as a joint venture with Virgin Group since it launched in November 1996. It sold ADSL broadband services through BT landlines to those living outside areas served by NTLs cable network and also offered subscription-based, prior to acquiring Virgin. net, NTL offered a similar package called NTL Freedom. Telewest and NTL began discussions regarding a merger in late 2003, thanks to their geographically distinct areas, NTL and Telewest had co-operated previously, as in redirecting potential customers living outside their respective areas. On 3 October 2005, NTL announced a US$16 billion purchase of Telewest, to prevent this, Telewest instead acquired NTL. In December 2005 NTL, Telewest and mobile network operator Virgin Mobile UK announced that talks had taken place regarding a merger
28.
Virgin Media Ireland
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Virgin Media Ireland is Liberty Globals telecommunications operation in Ireland. It is the largest digital cable television provider within the Republic of Ireland, as of 31 December 2014, the company offers broadband internet, digital television and digital telephony to 1.1 million customers. Virgin Media Ireland previously traded under the branding Chorus NTL until 4 May 2010 and it is primarily in competition with Sky Ireland, eir and Vodafone in the Irish pay TV market. Originally a joint venture with Independent News and Media, IN&M sold its shares to Liberty in 2004, in May 2005, NTL agreed to sell its Irish operations NTL Ireland to Liberty Global. Morgan Stanley held the shareholding until Competition Authority approval was obtained and this occurred in December 2005 and UPC Ireland came into being on 12 December 2005. In 2006, UPC Ireland began to integrate the brands Chorus, branding wise, on 5 September 2006 NTLs website was changed to the same design as Chorus i. e. itself based on UPC Netherlands website design at the time. 25 January 2007, NTL Ireland updated the electronic programme guide software to remove the NTL logo, on 31 January 2007, NTL and Chorus began advertising jointly, although the adverts were simply the ongoing campaign from NTL with the Chorus logo added to them. On 4 June 2007 @ntlworld. ie e-mail addresses switched to @upcmail. ie, the new UPC Mediabox set top boxes which contain a hardrive based digital video recording system are fully UPC branded and come with a much enhanced EPG. These were rolled out on both the ex NTL and Chorus cable networks, from 2008, the old Pace STBs supplied by NTL Ireland were replaced with new Pace STBs designed for UPC, also branded UPC Mediabox but without the hard drive/recording capabilities. In a Sunday Business Post article on 11 February 2007, UPC Irelands marketing manager revealed that the rebrand was due to place no later than May 2007. On 16 May 2007 UPC Netherlands introduced a new UPC logo, from July 2007, all UPC advertising began bearing a composite logo reading Chorus NTL – a UPC company. On 10 June 2007 UPC announced its takeover of one of the remaining small Irish operators and this gained UPC an extra 2000 customers. During late September and early October 2007, Chorus and NTL included a leaflet with their bills explaining that a rebrand would occur on 21 October. That did not happen, however, on 30 October 2007, in November 2007, NTL Business was rebranded UPC Business, making it the first part of the company to officially adopt the UPC name. On 29 April 2008 UPCs former Cork Communications cable network, latterly part of Chorus, became the first cable network in the Ireland to switch to digital, with the analogue signal switched off. On 4 May 2010 UPC began a €3 million spend on rebranding, completing the change from Chorus, a high-profile media campaign – fronted by broadcaster Craig Doyle – was planned to run for 3 months. It also lit up a number of buildings in Dublin, Galway, UPC had received the final approvals to acquire assets from broadband rival Broadworks, which was in liquidation. This would give it access to about 6,600 homes in west Dublin, the Competition Authority cleared the deal on 21 April 2010
29.
UPC Romania
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UPC Romania is the second largest cable television operator in Romania. UPC Romania provides television, broadband Internet, and telephone services to 1.9 million customers as of 31 December 2014, the company has more than 1.600 employees. It is a branch of Liberty Global, an international telecommunications. UPC Romania also offers a range of fixed line voice, broadband data & internet products. UPC Romania has operated on the Romanian market since 1992, in 2005, UPC Romania acquired Astral Telecom. Founded in Cluj-Napoca as Astral Telecom S. A. Astral was rebranded in 2003 by Brandient, in 2005, Astral Telecom S. A. was bought for $420 million by UGC Europe and renamed UPC-Astral. At that time, UPC-Astral had 1.28 million customers for its TV cable service,50,000 for the broadband Internet service, UPC Romania offers analog cable service with up to 59 channels, depending on location and package. Its digital TV offering includes over 100 channels, which is available to 91% of its homes passed, UPC Romania offers premium channels and packages, including HBO and Cinemax to analog and digital subscribers for an additional fee. Through its digital service, UPC Romania also offers DVR and HD-DVR time-shifting capability, UPC Romania offers many tiers of broadband internet services with download speeds ranging from 60 to 500 Mbit/s. UPC Romania offers Digital Telephone via a VoIP system to over 70% of its homes passed, the only added-value service offered by the UPC Telephony Service is CLIP. UPC Romania Telephony service does not offer voicemail, call barring and call forwarding services. - As of June 30,2014, Revenue, $148.4 million 2.3 million homes passed 1.9 million service subscribers,1.2 million video subscribers, Digital video services include DVR and HD.407,000 broadband internet subscribers. Internet speeds range up to 500 Mbit/s,305,000 telephony subscribers UPC was the first ISP in Romania that throttled peer-to-peer internet traffic Official website List of UPC Romania Channels
30.
UPC Switzerland
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UPC Switzerland LLC, trading exclusively under the brand name UPC, is the largest broadband cable operator in Switzerland. Founded 1994 through multiple mergers between companies, it is part of Liberty Global Europes UPC Broadband division since the end of 2005. In the 1930s the first cable network operators started to broadcast a variety of channels to households via cable. One of these cable network operators was Rediffusion S. A. established in 1931, at the end of the 1950s Rediffusion began to broadcast the first black/white television channels from the Üetliberg antenna tower in Zürich. In 1994 Rediffusion and other independent cable network companies merged to form Cablecom, owned by Siemens, VEBA, Cablecom acquired the successful Internet service provider SwissOnline in 1998. Over the following years the network operator grew by acquiring various cable network companies including, for instance Balcab. These takeovers allowed cablecom to extend its network throughout Switzerland, in 2000 the previous owners of Cablecom sold out to the British-American NTL for a price of 5.8 billion Swiss francs. In the years followed, operative business was sustainably improved. In the wake of financial difficulties NTL sold Cablecom to a group of banks, the owners planned to go public with Cablecom in the middle of October 2005. After Liberty Global Europe, an owned subsidiary of Liberty Global acquired Cablecom for 2.8 billion on 30 September 2005. In the years that followed Cablecom invested in its network development, in 2007 the company launched high definition television. Two years later introduced its first combination deals. In 2010 Cablecom launched the DigiCard enabling customers to enjoy digital TV without having to connect a device to their Television set. Cablecom began offering Video on Demand with HD and 3D content in early 2011, Cablecom was relaunched as upc cablecom in April 2011 with the slogan “More Power, More Joy”. With the upc cablecom brand the company wishes to be perceived on the market as a subsidiary of Liberty Global while retaining its legacy as part of Swiss telecommunications history, in the course of rebranding the red wrench was replaced by a new logo. In June upc cablecom signed an agreement with Orange to keep an option open of offering customers mobile telephony products in the future, at the beginning of 2013 the entertainment platform Horizon was launched onto the Swiss market. Therefore, the television and radio channels differ between the three grids. UPC TV Mini consists of approximately 55 television channels, including 21 high-definition simulcast channels, the channels differ between the three regional grids, with a focus on carrying channels in the regions main language
31.
Vodafone New Zealand
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Vodafone New Zealand is a telecommunications company operating in New Zealand, it is a subsidiary of the London-listed company Vodafone Plc. It is New Zealands largest mobile operator, based in Auckland. The company employs over 3,000 people and has operations nationwide, with its offices based in Auckland, Wellington. The company is part of New Zealand Telecommunications Forum, the company has invested millions of dollars in its 3G network, improving capacity in congested urban areas. It has New Zealands first 4G LTE network and continues to maintain its 2G network, in February 2013, Vodafone New Zealand launched their LTE network which is currently available in 54 centres in total. In June 2014, Vodafone was ranked the fastest mobile network on the planet by speed-testing service Ookla, in October 2006, Vodafone bought ihug, New Zealands third largest Internet service provider and now provides Internet service under the Vodafone New Zealand brand name. In 2012 Vodafone also bought TelstraClear, making it NZs second largest ISP. In June 2016, Sky TV and Vodafone agreed to merge, with Sky TV purchasing 100% of Vodafone NZ operations for a payment of $1.25 billion NZD. Vodafone UK will get 51% stake of the company, however, the proposed merger was rejected by the commerce commission which saw a plunge in Sky TVs shares. Vodafone has over 2.3 million customers nationwide, according to the Commerce Commissions 2012 Telecommunications Market Annual Report Vodafones market share in the mobile market was 42%, Telecom New Zealands 37% and Two Degrees Mobile 20%. The remainder of the market is made up of MVNO operators who have a customer base of 1%. BellSouth had 138,000 customers when it was purchased by Vodafone in November 1998, the companys main rival was Telecom New Zealand, New Zealands second largest telecommunications company behind Vodafone. Telecom had the advantage that it had a 6-year head-start on BellSouth, after Vodafone took over Bellsouth, it expanded network coverage to compete more effectively with Telecom. Vodafone has constantly increased its share and surpassed Telecom in mobile customers. On 31 October 2012, Vodafone acquired 100% of TelstraClear from Australian company Telstra. Vodafone operates a GSM mobile phone network at 900 MHz and 1800 MHz, a UMTS network at 900 MHz and 2100 MHz, and a 4G LTE network on 1800 MHz, with supporting 4G frequencies on 2600 MHz and 700 MHz. It states that the network service in Our mobile network covers over 98. 5% of the population. Vodafone operates a nationwide GSM service in the 900 MHz band, in areas with high demand there are additional GSM services operating in the 1800 MHz band, usually from existing 900 MHz cell sites, to provide more capacity
32.
Sky Cable
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Sky Cable is a cable television service of Sky Cable Corporation. Since it started community antenna television system operation in the Philippines on January 26,1992, SkyCable provides cable Internet, VoIP services and digital cable TV service. On June 6,1990, SkyCable Corporation was incorporated via 79. 3% stake in Sky Vision Corporation, operator of cable brands, SkyCable and Sun Cable. On April 18,1991, Sky Vision Corporation was incorporated and ventures into television, communication, system, television media, shopping network. It is owned 18. 8% by ABS-CBN Corporation and 78% by Lopez Inc, in 1997, Sky Vision Corporation acquired 47% of Pilipino Cable Corp. operator of Sun Cable for P900 million. In 1997, SkyCable launches its first cable TV branded credit card in the Philippines, the SkyCard MasterCard with SolidBank, in 2001, Benpress Holdings Inc. and Philippine Long Distance Telephone Company signed a master consolidation agreement for SkyCable Corporation to consolidate its interest. Beyond Cable Inc. controls 66. 5% through Benpress Holdings Corp. and 33. 5% through MediaQuest Holdings, on December 7,2001, Beyond Cable Holdings Inc. was incorporated. On May 11,2012, SkyCable bought Destiny Cable Inc, uni-Cable TV Inc. and Solid Broadband Corp. S cable TV and broadband internet assets and subscribers with consolidating value of P3.497 billion, in order to be competitive in the cable TV industry, SkyCable adopts an alternative pricing model for its subscribers. It allows its subscribers to select their own packages or channels, SkyCable also introduces the package-pricing model typically used by other cable television providers in which channels are classified into packages. Select, It is a plan that allows its subscribers to choose channels on top of their preset package. Select plan is available on existing subscription either from Bronze 299,399 and 499, Silver HD, Gold HD or Postpaid HD plans, Bronze 299, SkyCable Bronze 299 package consists of 20 basic channels. However, it offered for new subscribers in the rest of remaining provincial areas. Plus, SkyCable Plus package consists of 50 channels, no longer offered to new subscribers, status of current subscribers uncertain. Bronze 399, SkyCable Bronze 399 consists of more or less than 30 channels, available only in most of regional areas with digital service. Recently, as of November 2014, the plan were currently expanded its service in Metro Manila, but as of October 1,2015, it currently no longer offered for new subscribers. However, status of current subscribers remained unchanged, Bronze 499, SkyCable Bronze 499 package consists of more than 50 channels. But as of October 1,2015, it no longer offered for new subscribers
33.
Destiny Cable
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Destiny Cable is a direct-to-home cable television subscription service based in Quezon City. Destiny Cable is the 2nd largest cable TV provider in the Philippines and it is owned by Sky Cable Corporation. And allowed to provide television services to Metro Manila and nearby municipalities, cities and provinces. Destiny Cable Inc. embarked on marketing promotion through Solid Group Inc. by offering bundled services, in November 2000 Destiny Cable formed a partnership with Global Cable to further strengthen and systematize its cable television ventures. However, it was only on late 2003 that the name was changed to Global Destiny Cable. Global Destiny Cable is perceived to be the closest competitor of Sky Cable the Philippines largest cable TV company in Metro Manila, both have their own associates all over the country and both offer high-speed cable Internet service to its respective subscribers. Global Destiny Cable has been reverted to Destiny Cable after separation from Global Cable, on November 15,2012 Destiny Cable headquarters moved from Solid House Building in Makati City to Sky Cables headquarters in Quezon City. The NTC approved Skys acquisition on December 18,2012
34.
StarHub TV
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StarHub TV is the sole cable television operator in Singapore. A subsidiary of StarHub Limited, when StarHub acquired Singapore Cable Vision in 2001, the company offers cable television services via the cable network which has been in operation since 1991, but now under the name StarHub TV. It also provides service via a wireless network, the Digital Terrestrial Television system. The history of cable TV in Singapore started in 1991 when the then Singapore Cable Vision was licensed to establish a nationwide broadband network to provide pay-TV services. SCTV also had the responsibility of delivering terrestrial free-to-air channels to Singapore households via its cable points. In 1999, SCV completed the construction of its S$600 million network, in 2002, StarHub completed its merger with Singapore Cable Vision which was renamed StarHub Cable Vision. On 2007, StarHub Cable Television was rebranded as StarHub TV, from February 2009, StarHub TV had converted to Full Digital Mode, which meant that all Analogue transmission had cease operation. On 30 April 2010, StarHub TV made changes to all channel numbers accessed from its cable TV platform to enable easy recall for subscribers and they introduced the three-digit numbering system for its over 150 channels carried on its platform. On 1 August 2010, StarHub TV will cease broadcasting the Barclays English Premier League for the 2010/11, 2011/12 and its carriage of Goal TV1, Goal TV2, ESPN, STAR Sports and STAR Cricket will also cease at the same time. Rediffusion Singapore was added in to StarHub TV in October 2010 as RediGold, but due to declining listenership, Rediffusion announced that it will cease transmission on 1 May 2012, and its channel on StarHub TV will also cease at the same time. It is expected to resume transmission in 2013, on 31 May 2011, StarHub TVs Channel 101 made way for ScreenSingapore Channel from Preview Channel from 1–19 June 2011. Afterwards, the channel was returned to Preview Channel, on 29 December 2011, JimJam and JET TV ceased broadcasting on StarHub TV. Playin TV was ceased on 15 February 2012 as well, on 1 October 2012, Cricket Extra and NEO Cricket ceased broadcasting on StarHub TV, leaving TEN Cricket as an a la carte channel for $32. 10/mth until when STAR Cricket was added in. On February 2012 and January 2013, StarHub launched two new channels, Channel 114 and Channel 873 respectively, however not meant for new channels or permanent basis. They are coincidentally right next to the two KBS World channels to inform subscribers about when the channels have their last-day free-to-air and which groups they will be in respectively, Channel 110, the former Sunsilk Academy Fantasia channel, is still unused after October 2012. In February 2013, StarHub launched new packaging for the March brochure, on 9 February 2013, TTV World ceased broadcasting on StarHub TV. In mid-June 2013, MGM ceased transmission, starhub launched TV Anywhere currently consisting of 80 channels to allow viewing of channels on the go. During that period, a design was introduced, which is also seen in the commercial announcing the end of analogue cable transmission on 30 June 2009
35.
Macau
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Macau, also spelled Macao, officially the Macao Special Administrative Region of the Peoples Republic of China, is an autonomous territory on the western side of the Pearl River Delta in East Asia. Macau is bordered by the city of Zhuhai in Mainland China to the north, Hong Kong lies about 64 kilometres to its east across the Delta. With a population of 650,900 living in an area of 30.5 km2, Macau was administered by the Portuguese Empire and its inheritor states from the mid-16th century until late 1999, when it constituted the last remaining European colony in Asia. Portuguese traders first settled in Macau in the 1550s, in 1557, Macau was leased to Portugal from Ming China as a trading port. The Portuguese Empire administered the city under Chinese authority and sovereignty until 1887, sovereignty over Macau was transferred back to China on 20 December 1999. The Joint Declaration on the Question of Macau and Macau Basic Law stipulate that Macau operate with a degree of autonomy until at least 2049. Macau participates in international organizations and events that do not require members to national sovereignty. Macau is a city in Southern China, known for its casinos. Its gaming revenue has been the worlds largest since 2006, with the heavily dependent on gaming. According to The World Factbook, Macau has the fourth highest life expectancy in the world, the present Chinese name means Inlet Gates. Macau is otherwise known in Chinese as Haojing or Jinghai, the name Macau is thought to be derived from the A-Ma Temple, a temple built in 1448 dedicated to Mazu, the goddess of seafarers and fishermen. It is said that when the Portuguese sailors landed at the coast just outside the temple and asked the name of the place, the Portuguese then named the peninsula Macau. The history of Macau is traced back to the Qin dynasty, the first recorded Chinese inhabitants of the area were people seeking refuge in Macau from invading Mongols during the Southern Song. Under the Ming dynasty, fishermen migrated to Macau from Guangdong, the Macau native people were Tanka boat people. Macau did not develop as a settlement until the Portuguese arrived in the 16th century. In 1513, Jorge Álvares became the first Portuguese to land in China, in 1535, Portuguese traders obtained the rights to anchor ships in Macaus harbours and to carry out trading activities, though not the right to stay onshore. In 1557, the Portuguese established a permanent settlement in Macau, the Portuguese continued to pay an annual tribute up to 1863 in order to stay in Macau. By 1564, Portugal commanded western trade with India, Japan, but their pride was damaged by the indifference with which the Chinese treated them
36.
WightFibre
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WightFibre is the only provider of commercial and residential cable television services on the Isle of Wight. They also provide telephone and broadband internet services and it is the last remaining cable company in the UK which is not part of Virgin Media which, from March 2006, operated more than 95% of cable services in the UK. The Isle of Wight Cable and Telephone Company and Omne Communications were taken over by CLS Holdings in the years of the 21st century. It ran two separate operations, WightCable on the Isle of Wight, and WightCable in south west Scotland. CLS Holdings sold both of the two companies to separate private investors who intend to operate them separately. Smallworld Cable was absorbed by Virgin Media in 2014 leaving WightFibre as the sole independent UK cable company, WightCable Ltd was sold in the last part of 2005, now going under the name Wight Cable 2005 Ltd. New branding was introduced, services upgraded and internet speeds increased, in 2012, WightCable changed its name to WightFibre, promising increased internet speeds up to 100Mbit/s, and introducing IPTV with high-definition channels and on-demand services. A £500,000 investment saw the launch of 50Mb broadband in July 2012, the company advertised heavily and returned to growth in October 2012. A small scale trial of the companys new IP based TV service was held in Nov & Dec 2012, in February 2013 WightFibre was acquired by Keith Young, a serial entrepreneur who was also an original investor in Easynet. The management team remained in place and the strategy remained unchanged
37.
IPTV
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Unlike downloaded media, IPTV offers the ability to stream the source media continuously. As a result, a client media player can begin playing the data almost immediately and this is known as streaming media. Although IPTV uses the Internet protocol it is not limited to television media streamed from the Internet, IPTV in the telecommunications arena is notable for its ongoing standardisation process. Historically, many different definitions of IPTV have appeared, including elementary streams over IP networks, transport streams over IP networks and these services may include, for example, Live TV, Video On Demand and Interactive TV. These services are delivered across an access agnostic, packet switched network that employs the IP protocol to transport the audio, video, the term IPTV first appeared in 1995 with the founding of Precept Software by Judith Estrin and Bill Carrico. Precept developed an Internet video product named IP/TV, the software was written primarily by Steve Casner, Karl Auerbach, and Cha Chee Kuan. Precept was acquired by Cisco Systems in 1998, Internet radio company AudioNet started the first continuous live webcasts with content from WFAA-TV in January 1998 and KCTU-LP on January 10,1998. The operator added additional VoD service in October 2001 with Yes TV, kingston was one of the first companies in the world to introduce IPTV and IP VoD over ADSL as a commercial service. The service became the reference for various changes to UK Government regulations, in 2006, the KIT service was discontinued, subscribers having declined from a peak of 10,000 to 4,000. In 1999, NBTel was the first to commercially deploy Internet protocol television over DSL in Canada using the Alcatel 7350 DSLAM, the service was marketed under the brand VibeVision in New Brunswick, and later expanded into Nova Scotia in early 2000 after the formation of Aliant. IMagic TV was later sold to Alcatel, in 2002, Sasktel was the second in Canada to commercially deploy Internet Protocol video over DSL, using the Lucent Stinger DSL platform. In 2005, SureWest Communications was the first North American company to offer high-definition television channels over an IPTV service, in 2005, Bredbandsbolaget launched its IPTV service as the first service provider in Sweden. As of January 2009, they are not the biggest supplier any longer, TeliaSonera, in 2007, TPG became the first internet service provider in Australia to launch IPTV. Complementary to its ADSL2+ package this was, and still is, free of charge to customers on eligible plans and now offers over 45 local free to air channels, by 2010, iiNet and Telstra launched IPTV services in conjunction to internet plans but with extra fees. In 2008, PTCL launched IPTV under the name of PTCL Smart TV in Pakistan. S. Markets with an IPTV service called Prism and this was after successful test marketing in Florida. During the 2014 Winter Olympics Shortest path bridging was used to deliver 36 IPTV HD Olympic channels, in 2016, KCTV introduced the Set-top box called Manbang, claiming to provide video-on-demand services in North Korea via quasi-internet protocol television. According to KCTV, viewers can use the service not only in Pyongyang, stating that the demands for the equipment are particularly high in Sinuiju, with several hundred users in the region
