1.
Hugh O'Brian
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OBrian was born Hugh Charles Krampe in Rochester, New York, the son of Hugh John Krampe, a United States Marine Corps officer and executive at the Armstrong Cork Company, and Edith Lillian Krampe. His paternal grandparents were German immigrants, his mother was half German-Jewish, OBrian moved to Lancaster, Pennsylvania, with his parents around 1930 when he was approximately five-years old. His father was an executive with the Armstrong Cork Company, which was headquartered in the Pennsylvania city, the Krampe family first lived at the Stevens House Hotel before moving to the newly developed School Lane Hills houses on the citys West End. OBrian attended Lancaster city elementary schools, the Krampes resided in Lancaster for about four years before they moved to Chicago, where his father took another position with Armstrong Cork Company. Years later, Hugh OBrian was awarded the key to the city by Lancaster Mayor George Coe in 1963. OBrian first attended school at New Trier High School in Winnetka, Illinois, then the Kemper Military School in Boonville, Missouri, he lettered in football, basketball, wrestling, and track. OBrian dropped out of the University of Cincinnati after one semester to enlist in the Marine Corps during World War II, at seventeen, he became the youngest Marine drill instructor. After World War II ended, OBrian moved to Los Angeles and he had planned on becoming a lawyer and had been accepted at Yale University in the fall of 1947. He was dating an actress and attending her rehearsals of the Somerset Maughams play Home, director Ida Lupino asked him to read the lines. He got the part and the received a tremendous review. An agent offered to sign OBrian and he changed his name after the shows playbill misspelled his name as Hugh Krape. “I decided right then I didnt want to go through life being known as Huge Krape, so I decided to take my mothers family name, OBrien. But they misspelled it as OBrian and I just decided to stay with that. ”Lupino then signed him to Never Fear, a film she was directing, which led OBrian to a contract with Universal Pictures. He was chosen to portray legendary lawman Wyatt Earp on the ABC western series The Life and Legend of Wyatt Earp, to help develop his character, OBrian bought Stuart N. Lakes book Wyatt Earp, Frontier Marshal. He also developed a relationship with Lake, who was a consultant on the show for the first two years. The series, alongside Gunsmoke and Cheyenne, which debuted the year, spearheaded the adult western television genre. It soon became one of the shows on television. During its six-year run, Wyatt Earp consistently placed in the top ten in the United States
2.
Rod Serling
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Serling was active in politics, both on and off the screen, and helped form television industry standards. He was known as the young man of Hollywood, clashing with television executives and sponsors over a wide range of issues including censorship, racism. Serling was born on December 25,1924, in Syracuse, New York and he was the second of two sons born to Esther and Samuel Lawrence Serling. Serlings father had worked as a secretary and amateur inventor before having children, sam Serling later became a butcher after the Great Depression forced the store to close. Rod had a brother, Robert J. Serling. Serling spent most of his youth 70 miles south of Syracuse in the city of Binghamton after his family moved there in 1926 and his parents encouraged his talents as a performer. Sam Serling built a stage in the basement, where Rod often put on plays. His older brother, writer Robert, recalled that, at the age of six or seven, Rod often talked to people around him without waiting for their answers. On a two-hour-long trip from Binghamton to Syracuse, the rest of the family remained silent to see if Rod would notice their lack of participation and he did not, talking nonstop through the entire car ride. In elementary school, Serling was seen as the class clown, however, his seventh-grade English teacher, Helen Foley, encouraged him to enter the schools public speaking extracurriculars. He joined the team and was a speaker at his high school graduation. He began writing for the newspaper, in which, according to the journalist Gordon Sander. He was also interested in sports and excelled at tennis and table tennis, when he attempted to join the varsity football team, he was told he was too small at 5 feet 4 inches tall. Serling was interested in radio and writing at an early age and he listened to various radio programs, especially thrillers with a fantasy or horror feel. Arch Oboler and Norman Corwin were two of his favorite writers and he also did some staff work at a Binghamton radio station. He was accepted into college during his year of high school. As editor of his school newspaper, Serling encouraged his fellow students to support the war effort. He wanted to leave school before graduation to join the fight, War is a temporary thing, Gus Youngstrom told him
3.
Lloyd Bridges
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Lloyd Vernet Bridges Jr. was an American film, stage and television actor who starred in a number of television series and appeared in more than 150 feature films. He was the father of actors Beau Bridges and Jeff Bridges, Bridges was born in San Leandro, California, to Lloyd Vernet Bridges, Sr. who was involved in the California hotel business and once owned a movie theater, and his wife Harriet Evelyn Bridges. His parents were natives of Kansas, and of English ancestry. Bridges graduated from Petaluma High School in 1930 and he then studied political science at UCLA, where he was a member of Sigma Alpha Epsilon fraternity. Bridges made his Broadway debut in 1939 in a production of Shakespeares Othello, in 1941, he joined the stock company at Columbia Pictures, where he played small roles in features and short subjects. He left Columbia Pictures during World War II to enlist in the United States Coast Guard, following his discharge, he returned to acting. In later years he was a member of U. S. Coast Guard Auxiliary, 11th District, because of his support, he was made an honorary commodore. Bridges sons, actors Beau and Jeff, also served in the Coast Guard and he returned to acting after he was cleared by the FBI, achieving his greatest success in television. Bridges gained attention in 1956 for his performance on live anthology program The Alcoa Hour, in an episode titled Tragedy in a Temporary Town. During the performance, Bridges inadvertently used profanity while ad-libbing, although the slip of the tongue generated hundreds of complaints, the episode won a Robert E. Sherwood Television Award, with Bridges slip being defended even by some members of the clergy. Bridges received an Emmy Award nomination for the role, Bridges gained wide recognition as Mike Nelson, the main character in the television series Sea Hunt, created by Ivan Tors, which ran in syndication from 1958–1961. He also wrote a book with a co-author about skin-diving entitled Mask, following that success, he starred in the eponymous CBS anthology series The Lloyd Bridges Show, which included appearances by his sons Beau and Jeff. Producer Gene Roddenberry, who worked with Bridges on Sea Hunt, in addition, he was a regular cast member in the Rod Serling western series The Loner, and in the two NBC failures San Francisco International Airport and a Police Story spin-off Joe Forrester. Later, he appeared in Paper Dolls and Capital News, both for ABC, and again with Harts of the West, this time for CBS, a comedy/western set on a dude ranch in Nevada. Son Beau Bridges co-starred, along with Harley Jane Kozak as Beaus wife, Alison Hart, Bridges played significant roles in several mini-series, including Roots, How the West Was Won and The Blue and the Gray. For more than years, Bridges was a frequent guest star on television series. He received a second Emmy Award nomination four decades after the first when he was nominated in 1998 for his role as Izzy Mandelbaum on Seinfeld and he portrayed Commander Cain in the original Battlestar Galactica television series, in the two-part episode The Living Legend. His fate was left unanswered, spurring fans to call for his return and this popularity led to a radically re-imagined Cain character in the 2004 series
4.
Anthology series
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An anthology series is a radio or television series that presents a different story and a different set of characters in each episode or season/series. Some anthology series, such as Studio One, began on radio, many popular old-time radio programs were anthology series. On some series, such as Inner Sanctum Mysteries, the constant was the host. One of the earliest such programs was The Collier Hour, broadcast on the NBC Blue Network from 1927 to 1932, as radios first major dramatic anthology, it adapted stories and serials from Colliers Weekly in a calculated move to increase subscriptions and compete with The Saturday Evening Post. Weird The Haunting Hour The Sealed Book Mystery in the Air The Weird Circle Quiet, the stars would own the studio and the program, as Lucille Ball and Desi Arnaz had done successfully with Desilu studio. Powell had intended for the program to feature himself, Charles Boyer, Joel McCrea, when Russell and McCrea backed out, David Niven came on board as the third star. The fourth star was initially a guest star, CBS liked the idea, and Four Star Playhouse made its debut in fall of 1952. It ran on alternate weeks only during the first season, alternating with Amos n Andy and it was successful enough to be renewed and became a weekly program from the second season until the end of its run in 1956. Ida Lupino was brought on board as the de facto fourth star, though unlike Powell, Boyer, American television networks would sometimes run summer anthology series which consisted of unsold television pilots. Beginning in 1971, the long-run Masterpiece Theatre drama anthology series brought British productions to American television. k. a. Billy Roses Playbill Bob Hope Presents the Chrysler Theatre The Bold Ones Broadway Television Theatre Buick-Electra Playhouse Cameo Theatre Camera Three The Campbell Playhouse, Campbell Soundstage and Campbell Summer Soundstage Cavalcade of America CBS Playhouse CBS Summer Playhouse CBS Television Workshop CBS Workshop, a. k. a. CBS Repertoire Workshop Celanese Theatre Celebrity Playhouse Center Stage Cheer Television Theatre The Chevrolet Tele-Theatre a. k. a, Chevrolet on Broadway Chevron Hall of Stars Chevron Theatre Climax. Gruen Guild Theatre The Gulf Playhouse Hallmark Hall of Fame Hollywood Opening Night Hollywood Premiere Theatre, Hollywood Theatre Time International Playhouse John Waters Presents Movies That Will Corrupt You The Joseph Cotten Show, a. k. a. k. a. Max Liebman Presents Medallion Theatre, a. k. a, grimms Fairy Tale Classics Happily Ever After, Fairy Tales for Every Child The Harveytoons Show KaBlam. Late Night, Black and White Legends of Bikini Bottom Liquid Television The Looney Tunes Show Mickey Mouse Works Mickeys Mouse Tracks O Canada Off the Air Oh Yeah. Cartoons The Pink Panther Show The Popeye Show The Porky Pig Show Princes et princesses Random. M. k. a. Terribles House of Horrible The Eddie Cantor Comedy Theatre El Chapulín Colorado Ripping Yarns George Burns Comedy Week Good Heavens Human Remains Inside No. k. a. k. a. k. a. k. a, orson Welles Great Mysteries Out of the Fog Panic. Way of Life Family Theater Insight Lamp Unto My Feet Look Up, the Fisher Family Alcoa Presents, One Step Beyond Amazing Stories American Horror Story Are You Afraid of the Dark. L. k. a
5.
Bob Hope
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Bob Hope KBE, KC*SG, KSS was an American comedian, vaudevillian, actor, singer, dancer, athlete, centenarian and author. With a career spanning nearly 80 years, Hope appeared in over 70 feature films and short films, in addition to hosting the Academy Awards 19 times, he appeared in many stage productions and television roles and was the author of 14 books. The song Thanks for the Memory is widely regarded as Hopes signature tune, born in Eltham, Kent, Hope arrived in America with his family at the age of four and grew up in Cleveland, Ohio. He began his career in business in the early 1920s, initially on stage. He was praised for his timing, specializing in one-liners and rapid-fire delivery of jokes. He also appeared in numerous specials for NBC television, starting in 1950, Hope participated in the sports of golf and boxing and owned a small stake in his hometown baseball team, the Cleveland Indians. He died at age 100 at his home in Toluca Lake, Hope was born in Eltham, Kent the fifth of seven sons. They married in April 1891 and lived at 12 Greenwood Street in Barry, before moving to Whitehall, Bristol, and then St George, Bristol. In 1908, the family emigrated to the United States aboard the SS Philadelphia and passed through Ellis Island on March 30,1908, before moving to Cleveland, from age 12, Hope earned pocket money by busking, singing, dancing, and performing comedy. He entered many dancing and amateur talent contests and won a prize in 1915 for his impersonation of Charlie Chaplin, for a time, he attended the Boys Industrial School in Lancaster, Ohio. As an adult, he donated sizable sums of money to the institution, Hope had a brief career as a boxer in 1919, fighting under the name Packy East. He had three wins and one loss and participated in a few staged charity bouts later in life, Hope worked as a butchers assistant and a lineman in his teens and early twenties. Hope also had a stint at Chandler Motor Car Company. Deciding on a business career, he and his girlfriend signed up for dancing lessons. Encouraged after they performed in an engagement at a club, Hope formed a partnership with Lloyd Durbin. Silent film comedian Fatty Arbuckle saw them perform in 1925 and found work with a touring troupe called Hurleys Jolly Follies. Within a year, Hope had formed an act called the Dancemedians with George Byrne, Hope and Byrne had an act as a pair of Siamese twins as well and danced and sang while wearing blackface before friends advised Hope that he was funnier as himself. In 1929, Hope informally changed his first name to Bob, in one version of the story, he named himself after racecar driver Bob Burman
6.
John Williams
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John Towner Williams is an American composer, conductor, and pianist. T. The Extra-Terrestrial, the Indiana Jones series, Jurassic Park, Schindlers List, Williams has been associated with director Steven Spielberg since 1974, composing music for all but two of his feature films. Williams has won five Academy Awards, four Golden Globe Awards, seven British Academy Film Awards, with 50 Academy Award nominations, Williams is the second most-nominated individual, after Walt Disney. In 2005, the American Film Institute selected Williams score to 1977s Star Wars as the greatest American film score of all time. The soundtrack to Star Wars was additionally preserved by the Library of Congress into the National Recording Registry, for being culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant. Williams was inducted into the Hollywood Bowls Hall of Fame in 2000, and was a recipient of the Kennedy Center Honors in 2004, Williams composed the score for eight movies in the Top 20 highest-grossing films at the U. S. box office. John Towner Williams was born on February 8,1932 in Floral Park, New York, the son of Esther and Johnny Williams, Williams has said of his lineage, My father was a Maine man—we were very close. My fathers parents ran a department store in Bangor, Maine, people with those roots are not inclined to be lazy. In 1948, the Williams family moved to Los Angeles where John attended North Hollywood High School graduating in 1950 and he later attended the University of California, Los Angeles, and studied privately with the Italian composer Mario Castelnuovo-Tedesco. Williams had originally briefly attended Los Angeles City College for one semester as the school had a Studio Jazz Band. In 1952, Williams was drafted into the U. S. Air Force, in 1955, following his Air Force service, Williams moved to New York City and entered The Juilliard School where he studied piano with Rosina Lhévinne. During this time Williams worked as a jazz pianist in the many jazz clubs. After moving to Los Angeles he began working as a session musician, Williams has two brothers, Donald and Jerry, both of whom work as percussionists in Los Angeles. After his studies at Juilliard, and the Eastman School of Music, Williams returned to Los Angeles, among other composers, Williams worked with Franz Waxman, Bernard Herrmann, and Alfred Newman, and also with his fellow orchestrators Conrad Salinger and Bob Franklyn. Williams was also a studio pianist, performing on film scores by composers such as Jerry Goldsmith, Elmer Bernstein, Williams recorded with Henry Mancini the film scores of 1959s Peter Gunn, 1962s Days of Wine and Roses, and 1963s Charade. Williamss first film composition was for the 1958 B movie Daddy-O and he soon gained notice in Hollywood for his versatility in composing jazz, piano, and symphonic music. Williams received his first Academy Award nomination for his score for 1967s Valley of the Dolls. Williams broke through to win his first Academy Award for his score in the 1971 film Fiddler on the Roof
7.
Benny Carter
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Bennett Lester Benny Carter was an American jazz alto saxophonist, clarinetist, trumpeter, composer, arranger, and bandleader. He was a figure in jazz from the 1930s to the 1990s. Carter performed with artists from several generations of jazz, and at major festivals. The National Endowment for the Arts honored Benny Carter with its highest honor in jazz, the NEA Jazz Masters Award for 1986. He was awarded the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award in 1987, in 2000 he was awarded the National Endowment for the Arts, National Medal of Arts, presented by President Bill Clinton. Born in New York City in 1907, the youngest of six children, largely self-taught, by age fifteen, Carter was already sitting in at Harlem night spots. From 1924 to 1928, Carter gained professional experience as a sideman in some of New Yorks most prominent bands, as a youth, Carter lived in Harlem around the corner from Bubber Miley, who was Duke Ellingtons featured trumpeter. Carter was inspired by Miley and bought a trumpet, but when he found he couldnt play like Miley, johnson, Duke Ellington, and their respective groups. He first recorded in 1928 with Charlie Johnsons Orchestra, also arranging the titles recorded, Carters arrangements were sophisticated and very complex, and a number of them became swing standards which were performed by other bands. He also arranged for Duke Ellington during these years, Carter was noted for his arrangements. By the early 1930s he and Johnny Hodges were considered the leading players of the day. Carter also quickly became a leading trumpet soloist, having rediscovered the instrument and he recorded extensively on trumpet in the 1930s. Carters name first appeared on records with a 1932 Crown label release of Tell All Your Day Dreams to Me credited to Bennie Carter, Carters short-lived Orchestra played the Harlem Club in New York but only recorded a handful of records for Columbia, OKeh and Vocalion. The OKeh sides were issued under the name Chocolate Dandies and his trumpet solo on the October 1933 recording of Once Upon A Time by the Chocolate Dandies has long been considered a milestone solo achievement. These 14 sides plus four by Carters big band were only issued in England at the time, originally titled Spike Hughes, the musicians were mainly made up from members of Carters band. Two recordings that typify his sound are 1937s Honeysuckle Rose, recorded with Django Reinhardt and Coleman Hawkins in Europe, returning home in 1938, he quickly formed another orchestra, which spent much of 1939 and 1940 at Harlems famed Savoy Ballroom. His arrangements were much in demand and were featured on recordings by Benny Goodman, Count Basie, Duke Ellington, Lena Horne, Glenn Miller, Gene Krupa and he relocated to Los Angeles in 1943, and moved increasingly into studio work. Beginning with Stormy Weather in 1943, he arranged for dozens of feature films and television productions
8.
Dizzy Gillespie
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John Birks Dizzy Gillespie was an American jazz trumpeter, bandleader, composer, and singer. AllMusics Scott Yanow wrote, Dizzy Gillespies contributions to jazz were huge, Gillespie was a trumpet virtuoso and improviser, building on the virtuoso style of Roy Eldridge but adding layers of harmonic complexity previously unheard in jazz. His beret and horn-rimmed spectacles, his singing, his bent horn, pouched cheeks. In the 1940s Gillespie, with Charlie Parker, became a figure in the development of bebop. He taught and influenced other musicians, including trumpeters Miles Davis, Jon Faddis, Fats Navarro, Clifford Brown, Arturo Sandoval, Lee Morgan, Chuck Mangione. Gillespie was born in Cheraw, South Carolina, the youngest of nine children of James, James was a local bandleader, so instruments were made available to the children. Gillespie started to play the piano at the age of four, Gillespies father died when he was only ten years old. Gillespie taught himself how to play the trombone as well as the trumpet by the age of twelve, from the night he heard his idol, Roy Eldridge, play on the radio, he dreamed of becoming a jazz musician. He received a scholarship to the Laurinburg Institute in North Carolina which he attended for two years before accompanying his family when they moved to Philadelphia. Teddy Hills band was where Gillespie made his first recording, King Porter Stomp, Willis was not immediately friendly but Gillespie was attracted anyway. The two finally married on May 9,1940 and they remained married until his death in 1993. Gillespie stayed with Teddy Hills band for a year, then left, in 1939, Gillespie joined Cab Calloways orchestra, with which he recorded one of his earliest compositions, the instrumental Pickin the Cabbage, in 1940. After a notorious altercation between the two men, Calloway fired Gillespie in late 1941, the incident is recounted by Gillespie, along with fellow Calloway band members Milt Hinton and Jonah Jones, in Jean Bachs 1997 film, The Spitball Story. Calloway did not approve of Gillespies mischievous humor, nor of his approach to soloing, according to Jones. Finally, their grudge for each other erupted over a thrown spitball, Calloway never thought highly of Gillespie, because he didnt view Gillespie as a good musician. Once during a rehearsal, a member of the band threw a spitball, already in a foul mood, Calloway decided to blame this on Gillespie. In order to clear his name, Gillespie didn’t take the blame, Calloway had minor cuts on the thigh and wrist. After the two men were separated, Calloway fired Gillespie, a few days later, Gillespie tried to apologize to Calloway, but he was dismissed
9.
Quincy Jones
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His career spans six decades in the entertainment industry and a record 79 Grammy Award nominations, and 28 Grammys, including a Grammy Legend Award in 1991. He is best known for the role of himself in Yakety Yak, Take it Back, Trash Talk, Jones came to prominence in the 1950s as a jazz arranger and conductor, before moving on to work prolifically in pop music and film scores. In 1971, Jones was the first African American to be named as the director and conductor of the Academy Awards ceremony. In 1995, he was the first African American to receive the Academys Jean Hersholt Humanitarian Award and he is tied with sound designer Willie D. Burton as the African American who has been nominated for the most Oscars, each has received seven nominations. In 2013, Jones was inducted into the Rock & Roll Hall of Fame as the winner, alongside Lou Adler, among his awards, Jones was named by Time Magazine as one of the most influential jazz musicians of the 20th century. Jones was born in 1933, on the South Side of Chicago, to Sarah Frances and Quincy Delight Jones and his father was a semi-professional baseball player and carpenter from Kentucky, his paternal grandmother was an ex-slave in Louisville. They had gone to Chicago as part of the Great Migration out of the South, Sarah was a bank officer and apartment complex manager. Jones later discovered that his paternal grandfather Caesar Jones was the son of a white American man of Welsh descent, Quincy had a younger brother, Lloyd, later an engineer for the Seattle station, KOMO-TV, Lloyd died in 1998. Quincy was introduced to music by his mother, who sang religious songs. When Jones was five or six, Jackson played stride piano next door, Lucy Jackson recalled that after he heard her that one day, she could not get him off her piano if she tried. When the boys were young, their mother suffered from a breakdown and was committed to a mental institution. His father obtained a divorce and remarried, Joness stepmother, Elvera, had three children of her own, Waymond, who became a friend of the young Quincy, Theresa, and Katherine. In 1943, when Jones was ten, his family moved to Bremerton, Washington, after the war, the Jones family moved to Seattle, the major regional city, where Jones attended Garfield High School near his home. He had discovered music when he was 12 and became deeply involved in high school. Classmates included Charles Taylor, who played saxophone and whose mother, the youths began playing with a band. At the age of 14, they were playing with a National Reserve band, Jones has said he got much more experience with music growing up in a smaller city, otherwise, he would have faced too much competition. At the age of 14, Jones introduced himself to a 16-year-old musician from Florida, Ray Charles, Jones cites Ray Charles as an early inspiration for his own music career. He noted that Charles overcame a disability to achieve his musical goals and he has credited his fathers sturdy work ethic with giving him the means to proceed, and his loving strength with holding the family together
10.
Les Brown (bandleader)
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The Band of Renown began in the late 1930s, initially as the group Les Brown and His Blue Devils, led by Brown while he was a student at Duke University. He was the first president of the Los Angeles chapter of the National Academy of Recording Arts, the band now performs under the direction of his son, Les Brown, Jr. Brown was born in Reinerton, Pennsylvania. Brown attended college at Duke University from 1932–1936, there he led the group Les Brown and His Blue Devils, who performed regularly on Dukes campus and up and down the east coast. Brown took the band on a summer tour in 1936. At the end of the tour, while some of the members returned to Duke to continue their education, others stayed on with Brown and continued to tour. In 1942 he and his band concluded work on an RKO picture, Sweet and Hot, played at the Palladium Ballroom, a few years later, in 1945, this band brought Doris Day into prominence with their recording of Sentimental Journey. The songs release coincided with the end of World War II in Europe, the band had nine other number-one hit songs, including Ive Got My Love to Keep Me Warm. Les Brown and the Band of Renown performed with Bob Hope on radio, stage and they did 18 USO Tours for American troops around the world, and entertained over three million people. Before the Super Bowls were televised, the Bob Hope Christmas Specials were the programs in television history. Tony Bennett was discovered by Bob Hope and did his first public performance with Brown, the first film that Brown and the band appeared in was Seven Days Leave starring Victor Mature and Lucille Ball. Rock-A-Billy Baby, a low-budget 1957 film, was the Band of Renowns second and in 1963, Brown and the Band were also the house band for The Steve Allen Show and the Dean Martin Variety Show. Brown and the band performed with every major performer of their time, including Frank Sinatra, Ella Fitzgerald. The annual Les Brown Big Band Festival, started March 2006 in Les hometown, at the 2012 festival celebrating the 100th birthday anniversary, the town of Reinerton renamed the street near Les birthplace to Les Brown Lane. In 2013 the his hometown of Reinerton, PA adopted as the official slogan, Reinerton, The Town of Renown in honor of Les. Les Brown Sr. died of cancer in 2001, and was interred in the Westwood Village Memorial Park Cemetery in Los Angeles. He was survived by his wife Evelyn, son Les Jr. and he was 88 years old at the time of his death. His grandson, Jeff Swampy Marsh, co-created the show Phineas, Brown was inducted into the North Carolina Music Hall of Fame in 2010. In 2001, Les Brown, Jr. born 1940, became the leader of the Band of Renown
11.
Lalo Schifrin
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Lalo Schifrin is an Argentine pianist, composer, arranger and conductor. He is best known for his body of film and TV scores since the 1950s, including the Theme from Mission. He has received four Grammy Awards and six Oscar nominations, associated with the jazz music genre, Schifrin is also noted for work with Clint Eastwood in the late 1960s, 1970s and 1980s, particularly the Dirty Harry films. Schifrin was born in Buenos Aires and his father, Luis Schifrin, led the second violin section of the orchestra at the Teatro Colón for three decades. At the age of six, Schifrin began a course of study on piano with Enrique Barenboim. At age 16, Schifrin began studying piano with the Greek-Russian expatriate Andreas Karalis, former head of the Kiev Conservatory, during this time, Schifrin also became interested in jazz. Although Schifrin studied sociology and law at the University of Buenos Aires, at age 20, he successfully applied for a scholarship to the Paris Conservatoire. At night, he played jazz in the Paris clubs, in 1955, Schifrin played piano with Argentinian bandoneon giant Ástor Piazzolla, and represented his country at the International Jazz Festival in Paris. After returning home to Argentina in his twenties, Schifrin formed a jazz orchestra, Schifrin also began accepting other film, television and radio assignments. In 1956, Schifrin met Dizzy Gillespie and offered to write a work for Gillespies big band. Schifrin completed the work, Gillespiana, in 1958, later that year, Schifrin began working as an arranger for Xavier Cugats popular Latin dance orchestra. While in New York in 1960, Schifrin again met Gillespie, Gillespie invited Schifrin to fill the vacant piano chair in his quintet. Schifrin immediately accepted and moved to New York City, Schifrin wrote a second extended composition for Gillespie, The New Continent, which was recorded in 1962. In 1963, MGM, which had Schifrin under contract, offered the composer his first Hollywood film assignment with the African adventure Rhino, Schifrin moved to Hollywood late that year. One of Schifrins most recognizable and enduring compositions is the music for the long-running TV series Mission. It is a tune written in the uncommon 5/4 time signature. CBS Television used part of the theme of his St. Ives soundtrack for its broadcasts in the 1970s. Schifrins score for the 1968 film Coogans Bluff was the beginning of an association with Clint Eastwood
12.
United States
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Forty-eight of the fifty states and the federal district are contiguous and located in North America between Canada and Mexico. The state of Alaska is in the northwest corner of North America, bordered by Canada to the east, the state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific Ocean. The U. S. territories are scattered about the Pacific Ocean, the geography, climate and wildlife of the country are extremely diverse. At 3.8 million square miles and with over 324 million people, the United States is the worlds third- or fourth-largest country by area, third-largest by land area. It is one of the worlds most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, paleo-Indians migrated from Asia to the North American mainland at least 15,000 years ago. European colonization began in the 16th century, the United States emerged from 13 British colonies along the East Coast. Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the following the Seven Years War led to the American Revolution. On July 4,1776, during the course of the American Revolutionary War, the war ended in 1783 with recognition of the independence of the United States by Great Britain, representing the first successful war of independence against a European power. The current constitution was adopted in 1788, after the Articles of Confederation, the first ten amendments, collectively named the Bill of Rights, were ratified in 1791 and designed to guarantee many fundamental civil liberties. During the second half of the 19th century, the American Civil War led to the end of slavery in the country. By the end of century, the United States extended into the Pacific Ocean. The Spanish–American War and World War I confirmed the status as a global military power. The end of the Cold War and the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 left the United States as the sole superpower. The U. S. is a member of the United Nations, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, Organization of American States. The United States is a developed country, with the worlds largest economy by nominal GDP. It ranks highly in several measures of performance, including average wage, human development, per capita GDP. While the U. S. economy is considered post-industrial, characterized by the dominance of services and knowledge economy, the United States is a prominent political and cultural force internationally, and a leader in scientific research and technological innovations. In 1507, the German cartographer Martin Waldseemüller produced a map on which he named the lands of the Western Hemisphere America after the Italian explorer and cartographer Amerigo Vespucci
13.
Roy Huggins
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Roy Huggins was an American novelist and an influential writer/creator and producer of character-driven television series, including Maverick, The Fugitive, and The Rockford Files. A noted writer and producer using his own name, much of his later television scriptwriting was done using the pseudonyms Thomas Fitzroy, John Thomas James, Huggins was educated at the University of California, Los Angeles, 1935-41. After graduation, he worked as a representative of the U. S. Civil Service, 1941-43. Huggins novels include The Double Take, Too Late for Tears, when Columbia Pictures purchased the rights to Huggins novel The Double Take in 1948, Huggins signed a contract with the studio to adapt the script into the movie I Love Trouble. From here he entered the industry, working as a contract writer at Columbia. In 1952, he wrote and directed the film Hangmans Knot and he worked as a staff writer at Columbia until 1955. Huggins moved to television in April 1955, when Warner Bros. hired him as a producer and he is best known as the creator of long-running shows such as Maverick,77 Sunset Strip, and The Fugitive, all on ABC. Huggins left Warner Bros. and in October 1960 became the president in charge of television production at 20th Century-Fox. These pen names were derived from the names of the eldest two sons from his second marriage. In 1963, Huggins took a job as a president in the television division at Universal. At Universal, he co-created The Rockford Files and produced The Virginian, Alias Smith and Jones, the name was a composite of the names of all three of his sons from his second marriage. Huggins worked in TV through the 1980s, and served for three years as the producer of Hunter. Stephen J. Cannell said of Huggins time on Hunter, Roy was in the seat where he belonged. Nobody does it better or with more style. Roy Huggins is my Godfather, my Hero, Television, Huggins was repeatedly denied credit and compensation as the creator of several television programs. Since these were not the only occasions on which Warner had found a way to circumvent Huggins creative rights and these experiences led him to demand increasing rights and ownership of all television concepts he authored. By the mid-1960s, he had distilled this demand into a plate for all his contracts. I was getting paid my royalty and my fee whether I did the show or not, if I conceived the show, and got it on the air, anyone could produce it and I would still get paid just as if I was doing it. That became known as the Huggins contract, every producer in television would say, I want the Huggins contract, and some of them got it
14.
Universal Television
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Universal Television is the television production subsidiary of the NBCUniversal Television Group and, by extension, the production arm of the NBC television network. It was formerly known as Revue Studios, MCA/Universal, NBC Studios, NBC Universal Television Studio, both NBC Studios and Universal Network Television are predecessors of Universal Media Studios. Revue Productions was founded in 1943 by MCA to produce live radio shows, Revue was re-launched as MCAs television production subsidiary in 1950. The partnership of NBC and Revue extends as far back as September 6,1950, with the television broadcast of Armour Theatre, MCA bought the Universal Studios lot in 1958 and was renamed Revue Studios. Following its merger with Decca Records, the then-parent of Universal Pictures, during the early years of television, Revue was responsible for producing and/or distributing many television classics. The most noteworthy included Leave It to Beaver, which ran for one season on CBS before going to ABC from 1958 until 1963. It produced Bachelor Father, for Bachelor Productions, Edmond OBriens syndicated crime drama Johnny Midnight, another of its offerings was the 52-episode Crusader, the first Brian Keith series, which ran on CBS 1955–1956. Also McHales Navy was produced by Revue from 1962 to 1966, in December 1958 MCA/Revue purchased Universal Studioss 367 acre backlot to produce television series, then leased it back to Universal for a million dollars a year for a decade. Wagon Train was the only Revue-produced TV show ever to finish an American television season in first place, NBC Productions was founded in 1947 by RCA. In 1996, the company was renamed NBC Studios, in 2004, NBC Studios was merged with Universal Network Television to form NBC Universal Television Studio. MCA TV was founded in 1951, several years before parent MCAs purchase of the US branch of Decca Records, for more than four decades, it was one of the most active syndicators of television programming. MCA Television and Paramount Domestic Television had formed Premier Advertiser Sales, as a possible outgrowth of this sales joint venture, MCA and Paramount began plans for a new network, Premier Program Service. MCA Television Entertainment was formed in 1987 and it primarily dealt with made-for-TV movies and series like Dream On that were made for cable networks like HBO. Like MCA TV, in 1996 it was renamed Universal Television Entertainment, EMKA, Ltd. is the holding company responsible for a majority of the pre-1950 Paramount Pictures sound library. As an official part of the Universal Pictures library, they are part of the television unit. The first incarnation of Universal Television was reincorporated from Revue Productions in 1966,4 years after MCA bought Universal Pictures, uni TV also co-produced many shows with Jack Webbs Mark VII Limited such as Emergency. Adam-12 and a revival of the 1951 series Dragnet. I, which received critical acclaim and several TV movie spin-offs after their cancellations. In 1990, MCA/Uni TV began the Law & Order franchise, in 1996, MCA was reincorporated as Universal Studios
15.
NBC
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The National Broadcasting Company is an American commercial broadcast television network that is the flagship property of NBCUniversal, a subsidiary of Comcast. The network is part of the Big Three television networks, founded in 1926 by the Radio Corporation of America, NBC is the oldest major broadcast network in the United States. Following the acquisition by GE, Bob Wright served as executive officer of NBC, remaining in that position until his retirement in 2007. In 2003, French media company Vivendi merged its entertainment assets with GE, Comcast purchased a controlling interest in the company in 2011, and acquired General Electrics remaining stake in 2013. Following the Comcast merger, Zucker left NBC Universal and was replaced as CEO by Comcast executive Steve Burke, during a period of early broadcast business consolidation, radio manufacturer Radio Corporation of America acquired New York City radio station WEAF from American Telephone & Telegraph. Westinghouse, a shareholder in RCA, had an outlet in Newark, New Jersey pioneer station WJZ. This station was transferred from Westinghouse to RCA in 1923, WEAF acted as a laboratory for AT&Ts manufacturing and supply outlet Western Electric, whose products included transmitters and antennas. The Bell System, AT&Ts telephone utility, was developing technologies to transmit voice- and music-grade audio over short and long distances, the 1922 creation of WEAF offered a research-and-development center for those activities. WEAF maintained a schedule of radio programs, including some of the first commercially sponsored programs. In an early example of chain or networking broadcasting, the station linked with Outlet Company-owned WJAR in Providence, Rhode Island, AT&T refused outside companies access to its high-quality phone lines. The early effort fared poorly, since the telegraph lines were susceptible to atmospheric. In 1925, AT&T decided that WEAF and its network were incompatible with the companys primary goal of providing a telephone service. AT&T offered to sell the station to RCA in a deal that included the right to lease AT&Ts phone lines for network transmission, the divisions ownership was split among RCA, its founding corporate parent General Electric and Westinghouse. NBC officially started broadcasting on November 15,1926, WEAF and WJZ, the flagships of the two earlier networks, were operated side-by-side for about a year as part of the new NBC. On April 5,1927, NBC expanded to the West Coast with the launch of the NBC Orange Network and this was followed by the debut of the NBC Gold Network, also known as the Pacific Gold Network, on October 18,1931. The Orange Network carried Red Network programming, and the Gold Network carried programming from the Blue Network, initially, the Orange Network recreated Eastern Red Network programming for West Coast stations at KPO in San Francisco. The Orange Network name was removed from use in 1936, at the same time, the Gold Network became part of the Blue Network. In the 1930s, NBC also developed a network for shortwave radio stations, in 1927, NBC moved its operations to 711 Fifth Avenue in Manhattan, occupying the upper floors of a building designed by architect Floyd Brown
16.
Monaural
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Monaural or monophonic sound reproduction is intended to be heard as if it were a single channel of sound perceived as coming from one position. Monaural recordings, like stereo, customarily use multiple microphones, fed into multiple channels on a recording console, in some cases the multitrack source is mixed down to a one track tape becoming one signal. However, today monaural recordings are usually mastered to be played on stereo and multi-track formats, monaural sound has been replaced by stereo sound in most entertainment applications. However, it remains the standard for communications, telephone networks. A few FM radio stations, particularly talk radio shows, choose to broadcast in monaural, as a monaural signal has a slight advantage in signal strength over a stereophonic signal of the same power. Monaural sound is normal on, Phonograph cylinders Disc records made before 1958, such as made for playing at a speed of 78 rpm and earlier 16 2⁄3, 33 1⁄3. Some FM radio stations that broadcast only spoken word or talk radio content in order to maximize their coverage area, examples of this would be the CBC Radio One stations on the FM dial. Sometimes listeners will not be convinced that the signal is strong since there is no ST or STEREO LED lit, subcarrier signals for FM radio, which carry leased content such as background music for businesses or a radio reading service for the blind. Background music services such as Seeburg 1000, satellite broadcasts by Muzak as well as the public systems such services are intended to be used with. At various times artists have preferred to work in mono, either in recognition of the limitations of the equipment of the era or because of simple preference. Many of Stanley Kubrick and Woody Allens movies were recorded in mono because of their directors preferences, monaural LP records were eventually phased out and no longer manufactured after the early 1970s, with a few exceptions. For example, Decca UK had a few double issues until the end of 1970-the last one being Tom Joness I Who Have Nothing, during the 1960s it was common for albums to be released as both monaural LPs and stereo LPs, occasionally with slight differences between the two. This was because many people owned mono record players that were incapable of playing stereo records, on 9 September 2009, The Beatles re-released a remastered box set of their mono output spanning the Please Please Me album to The Beatles. The set, simply called The Beatles in Mono, also includes a summary of the mono singles, B-sides. Also included were five tracks originally mixed for an unissued mono Yellow Submarine EP, Bob Dylan followed suit on October 19,2010 with The Original Mono Recordings, a box set featuring the mono releases from Bob Dylan to John Wesley Harding. When the initial run of the box set sold out, no more were pressed, unlike the Beatles, sometimes mono sound or monaural can simply refer to a merged pair of stereo channels - also known as collapsed stereo or folded-down stereo. Over time some devices have used mono sound amplification circuitry with two or more speakers since it can cut the cost of the hardware, some consumer electronics with stereo RCA outputs have a microswitch in the red RCA output that disables merging of stereo sound into the white RCA output. Common devices with this are VCRs, DVD/Blu-ray players, information appliances, set-top boxes, video game consoles sometimes have male RCA ends of cables with a proprietary multi-A/V plug on the other end, which prevents automatic stereo merging unless adapters are used
17.
Chrysler
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FCA US is one of the Big Three American automobile manufacturers. FCA US has its headquarters in Auburn Hills, Michigan and sells vehicles worldwide under its flagship Chrysler brand, as well as the Dodge, Jeep, other major divisions include Mopar, its automotive parts and accessories division, and SRT, its performance automobile division. The Chrysler Corporation was founded by Walter Chrysler in 1925, out of what remained of the Maxwell Motor Company, Chrysler greatly expanded in 1928, when Mr. The brand diversification efforts were inspired by Mr. Chryslers time working for General Motors, in the 1960s the company expanded into Europe, by taking control of French, British and Spanish auto companies, Chrysler Europe was sold in 1978 to PSA Peugeot Citroën for $1. Chrysler struggled through the 1970s to adapt to changing markets, increased US import competition, the company began an engineering partnership with Mitsubishi Motors, and began selling Mitsubishi vehicles branded as Dodge and Plymouth in North America. By the late 1970s, Chrysler was on the verge of bankruptcy, New CEO Lee Iacocca was credited with returning the company to profitability in the 1980s. In 1985, Diamond-Star Motors was created, further expanding the Chrysler-Mitsubishi relationship, in 1987, Chrysler acquired American Motors Corporation, which brought the profitable Jeep brand under the Chrysler umbrella. Like the other Big Three automobile manufacturers, Chrysler was hit hard by the industry crisis of 2008–2010. On June 10,2009, Chrysler emerged from the proceedings with the United Auto Workers pension fund, Fiat S. p. A. The bankruptcy resulted in Chrysler defaulting on over $4 billion in debts, by May 24,2011, Chrysler finished repaying its obligations to the U. S. government five years early, although the cost to the American taxpayer was $1.3 billion. Over the next few years Fiat gradually acquired the other parties shares while removing much of the weight of the loans in a short period. On January 1,2014, Fiat S. p. A announced a deal to purchase the rest of Chrysler from the United Auto Workers retiree health trust. The deal was completed on January 21,2014, making Chrysler Group a subsidiary of Fiat S. p. A, in May 2014, Fiat Chrysler Automobiles, NV was established by merging Fiat S. p. A. into the company. This was completed in August 2014, Chrysler Group LLC remained a subsidiary until December 15,2014, when it was renamed FCA US LLC, to reflect the Fiat-Chrysler merger. The Chrysler company was founded by Walter Chrysler on June 6,1925, Walter Chrysler arrived at the ailing Maxwell-Chalmers company in the early 1920s. He was hired to overhaul the companys troubled operations, in late 1923 production of the Chalmers automobile was ended. In January 1924, Walter Chrysler launched the well-received Chrysler automobile, the Chrysler was a 6-cylinder automobile, designed to provide customers with an advanced, well-engineered car, but at a more affordable price than they might expect. The original 1924 Chrysler included an air filter, high compression engine, full pressure lubrication
18.
One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich
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One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich is a novel written by Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn, first published in November 1962 in the Soviet literary magazine Novy Mir. The story is set in a Soviet labor camp in the 1950s, the books publication was an extraordinary event in Soviet literary history since never before had an account of Stalinist repression been openly distributed. Novy Mir editor Aleksandr Tvardovsky wrote an introduction for the issue entitled Instead of a Foreword to prepare the journals readers for what they were about to experience. At least five English translations have been made, of those, the Ralph Parkers translation was the first to be published, followed by Ronald Hingley and Max Haywards, Bela Von Blocks, and Gillon Aitkens. Willetts, is the one that is based on the canonical Russian text. The English spelling of character names differs slightly among the translations. Ivan Denisovich Shukhov has been sentenced to a camp in the Soviet gulag system and he was accused of becoming a spy after being captured by the Germans as a prisoner of war during World War II. He is innocent, but is sentenced to ten years in a labor camp. The day begins with Shukhov waking up sick, for waking late, he is forced to clean the guardhouse, but this is minor punishment compared to others mentioned in the book. When Shukhov is finally able to leave the guardhouse, he goes to the dispensary to report his illness and it is late in the morning by this time, however, so the orderly is unable to exempt any more workers and Shukhov must work. Solzhenitsyn also details the methods used by the prisoners to survive, Tiurin, the foreman of gang 104, is strict but kind, and the squad grows to like him more as the book progresses. Though a morose man, Tiurin is liked because he understands the prisoners, he talks to them, Shukhov is one of the hardest workers in the squad and is generally well-respected. Rations are scant at the camp, but they are one of the few things that Shukhov lives for and he conserves the food that he receives and is always watchful for any item that he can hide and trade for food at a later date. At the end of the day, Shukhov is able to provide a few services for Tsezar. Tsezar is most notable, however, for receiving packages of food from his family, Shukhov is able to get a small share of Tsezars packages by standing in lines for him. Shukhovs day ends up being productive, even almost happy, Shukhov went to sleep fully content, hed had many strokes of luck that day. Those in the camps find everyday life extremely difficult, for example, prisoners are only exempt from outdoor labor if the thermometer reaches −41 °C, anything above that is considered bearable. The reader is reminded in passing, through Shukhovs matter-of-fact thoughts, of the harshness of the conditions, the boots assigned to the zeks rarely fit, and the thin mittens issued are easily ripped
19.
Jason Robards
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Jason Nelson Robards, Jr. was an American stage, film, and television actor. He was a winner of the Tony Award, two Academy Awards and an Emmy Award and he was also a United States Navy combat veteran of World War II. He became famous playing works of American playwright Eugene ONeill and regularly performed in ONeills works throughout his career, Robards was cast both in common-man roles and as well-known historical figures. Robards was born in Chicago, the son of Hope Maxine Robards and Jason Robards, Sr. an actor who appeared on the stage. Robards was of German, English, Welsh, Irish, the family moved to New York City when Jason Jr. was still a toddler, and then moved to Los Angeles when he was six years old. Later interviews with Robards suggested that the trauma of his parents divorce, as a youth, Robards also witnessed first-hand the decline of his fathers acting career. The teenage Robards excelled in athletics, running a 4, 18-mile during his year at Hollywood High School in Los Angeles. Although his prowess in sports attracted interest from several universities, Robards decided to enlist in the United States Navy upon his graduation in 1940. Following the completion of training and radio school, Robards was assigned to a heavy cruiser. On December 7,1941, the Northampton was at sea in the Pacific Ocean about 100 miles off Hawaii, contrary to some stories, he did not see the devastation of the Japanese attack on Hawaii until the Northampton returned to Pearl Harbor two days later. The Northampton was later directed into the Guadalcanal campaign in World War IIs Pacific theater, during the Battle of Tassafaronga in the waters north of Guadalcanal on the night of November 30,1942, the Northampton was sunk by hits from two Japanese torpedoes. Robards found himself treading water until near daybreak, when he was rescued by an American destroyer, for her service in the war, the Northampton was awarded six battle stars. Two years later, in November 1944, Robards was radioman on the USS Nashville, on December 13, she was struck by a kamikaze aircraft off Negros Island in the Philippines. The aircraft hit one of the port five-inch gun mounts, while its two bombs set the midsection ablaze, with this damage and 223 casualties, the Nashville was forced to return to Pearl Harbor and then to the Puget Sound Naval Shipyard in Bremerton, Washington, for repairs. Robards served honorably during the war, but was not a recipient of the U. S. Navy Cross for bravery, contrary to what has been reported in numerous sources, the inaccurate story derives from a 1979 column by Hy Gardner. On the Nashville, Robards first found a copy of Eugene ONeills play Strange Interlude in the ships library, also while in the Navy, he first started thinking seriously about becoming an actor. He had emceed for a Navy band in Pearl Harbor, got a few laughs and his father suggested he enroll in the American Academy of Dramatic Arts in New York City. Robards was awarded the Good Conduct Medal of the Navy, the Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal, Robards got into acting after the war and his career began slowly
20.
Novel
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A novel is any relatively long piece of written narrative fiction, normally in prose, and typically published as a book. The genre has also described as possessing, a continuous. This view sees the novels origins in Classical Greece and Rome, medieval, early modern romance, the latter, an Italian word used to describe short stories, supplied the present generic English term in the 18th century. The romance is a closely related long prose narrative, Romance, as defined here, should not be confused with the genre fiction love romance or romance novel. Other European languages do not distinguish between romance and novel, a novel is le roman, der Roman, il romanzo, a novel is a long, fictional narrative which describes intimate human experiences. Most European languages use the word romance for extended narratives, fictionality is most commonly cited as distinguishing novels from historiography. However this can be a problematic criterion, historians would also invent and compose speeches for didactic purposes. Novels can, on the hand, depict the social, political and personal realities of a place and period with clarity. Even in the 19th century, fictional narratives in verse, such as Lord Byrons Don Juan, Alexander Pushkins Yevgeniy Onegin, vikram Seths The Golden Gate, composed of 590 Onegin stanzas, is a more recent example of the verse novel. Both in 12th-century Japan and 15th-century Europe, prose fiction created intimate reading situations, on the other hand, verse epics, including the Odyssey and Aeneid, had been recited to a select audiences, though this was a more intimate experience than the performance of plays in theaters. A new world of Individualistic fashion, personal views, intimate feelings, secret anxieties, conduct and gallantry spread with novels, the novel is today the longest genre of narrative prose fiction, followed by the novella, short story, and flash fiction. However, in the 17th century critics saw the romance as of epic length, the length of a novel can still be important because most literary awards use length as a criterion in the ranking system. Urbanization and the spread of printed books in Song Dynasty China led to the evolution of oral storytelling into consciously fictional novels by the Ming dynasty, parallel European developments did not occur for centuries, and awaited the time when the availability of paper allowed for similar opportunities. By contrast, Ibn Tufails Hayy ibn Yaqdhan and Ibn al-Nafis Theologus Autodidactus are works of didactic philosophy, in this sense, Hayy ibn Yaqdhan would be considered an early example of a philosophical novel, while Theologus Autodidactus would be considered an early theological novel. Epic poetry exhibits some similarities with the novel, and the Western tradition of the novel back into the field of verse epics. Then at the beginning of the 18th century, French prose translations brought Homers works to a wider public, longus is the author of the famous Greek novel, Daphnis and Chloe. Romance or chivalric romance is a type of narrative in prose or verse popular in the circles of High Medieval. In later romances, particularly those of French origin, there is a tendency to emphasize themes of courtly love
21.
Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn
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Aleksandr Isayevich Solzhenitsyn was a Russian novelist, historian, and short story writer. He was a critic of the Soviet Union and communism. He was allowed to only one work in the Soviet Union, One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich. After this he had to publish in the West, most notably Cancer Ward, August 1914, Solzhenitsyn was awarded the 1970 Nobel Prize in Literature for the ethical force with which he has pursued the indispensable traditions of Russian literature. Solzhenitsyn was afraid to go to Stockholm to receive his award for fear that he would not be allowed to reenter and he was eventually expelled from the Soviet Union in 1974, but returned to Russia in 1994 after the states dissolution. Solzhenitsyn was born in Kislovodsk, RSFSR and his mother, Taisiya Zakharovna was of Ukrainian descent. Her father had risen from humble beginnings to become a wealthy landowner, during World War I, Taisiya went to Moscow to study. While there she met and married Isaakiy Solzhenitsyn, a officer in the Imperial Russian Army of Cossack origins. The family background of his parents is vividly brought to life in the chapters of August 1914. In 1918, Taisia became pregnant with Aleksandr, on 15 June, shortly after her pregnancy was confirmed, Isaakiy was killed in a hunting accident. Aleksandr was raised by his mother and aunt in lowly circumstances. His earliest years coincided with the Russian Civil War, by 1930 the family property had been turned into a collective farm. Later, Solzhenitsyn recalled that his mother had fought for survival and his educated mother encouraged his literary and scientific learnings and raised him in the Russian Orthodox faith, she died in 1944. As early as 1936, Solzhenitsyn began developing the characters and concepts for an epic work on World War I. This eventually led to the novel August 1914 – some of the chapters he wrote then still survive, Solzhenitsyn studied mathematics at Rostov State University. At the same time he took courses from the Moscow Institute of Philosophy, Literature and History. As he himself makes clear, he did not question the state ideology or the superiority of the Soviet Union until he spent time in the camps. During the war Solzhenitsyn served as the commander of a battery in the Red Army, was involved in major action at the front
22.
The Seven Little Foys
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The Seven Little Foys is a Technicolor in VistaVision 1955 film starring Bob Hope as Eddie Foy. One highlight of the film is an energetic tabletop dance showdown sequence with Bob Hope as Eddie Foy and James Cagney, who reprises his role as George M. Cohan. The story of Eddie Foy, Sr. and the Seven Little Foys inspired a TV version in 1964 and a musical version. Vaudeville entertainer Eddie Foy, who has vowed to keep his act a solo, falls in love with. While they continue to tour the circuit, they begin a family, after the tragedy of the Iroquois Theater Fire threatens to stall Eddies career, he comes to realize that his children are worth their weight in gold. The second eldest Foy, Charley, narrates the film, James Cagney reprises his role as George M. Cohan from the film Yankee Doodle Dandy for an energetic tabletop dance showdown sequence. In 2007, the first stage version of The Seven Little Foys, written by Chip Deffaa, had its world premiere at Seven Angels Theater in Waterbury. This version was presented at the York Theater in New York City, as part of its Developmental Reading Series in July 2012
23.
Mickey Rooney
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Mickey Rooney was an American actor, producer, vaudevillian, comedian and radio personality. In a career spanning nine decades and continuing until shortly before his death, a versatile performer, he became a celebrated character actor later in his career. Laurence Olivier once said he considered Rooney the best there has ever been, clarence Brown, who directed him in two of his earliest dramatic roles, National Velvet and The Human Comedy, said he was the closest thing to a genius I ever worked with. Rooney first performed in vaudeville as a child and made his debut at the age of six. At thirteen he played Puck in the play and later the 1935 film adaptation of A Midsummer Nights Dream, critic David Thomson hailed his performance as one of cinemas most arresting pieces of magic. In 1938, he co-starred in Boys Town, at nineteen he was the first teenager to be nominated for an Oscar for his leading role in Babes in Arms, and he was awarded a special Academy Juvenile Award in 1939. At the peak of his career between the ages of 15 and 25, he made films, which made him one of MGMs most consistently successful actors. Rooney was the top box office attraction from 1939 to 1941, and one of the actors of that era. Drafted into the Army during World War II, he served two years entertaining over two million troops on stage and radio and was awarded a Bronze Star for performing in combat zones. Returning from the war in 1945, he was too old for juvenile roles but too short to be a movie star. Nevertheless, Rooneys popularity was renewed with well-received supporting roles in such as Requiem for a Heavyweight, Its a Mad, Mad, Mad, Mad World. In the early 1980s, he returned to Broadway in Sugar Babies, Rooney made hundreds of appearances on TV, including dramas, variety programs, and talk shows, and won an Emmy in 1964, with another Emmy plus a Golden Globe for his role in Bill. At his death, Vanity Fair called him the original Hollywood train wreck and he struggled with alcohol and pill addiction and married eight times, the first time to Ava Gardner. Despite earning millions during his career, he had to file for bankruptcy in 1962 due to mismanagement of his finances. Shortly before his death in 2014 at age 93, he alleged mistreatment by some members and testified before Congress about what he alleged was physical abuse. By the end of his life, his millions in earnings had dwindled to an estate that was valued at only $18,000 and he died owing medical bills and back taxes, and contributions were solicited from the public. His mother was a chorus girl and a burlesque performer. When Rooney was born, they were appearing in a Brooklyn production of A Gaiety Girl, Rooney later recounted in his memoirs that he began performing at the age of 17 months as part of his parents routine, wearing a specially tailored tuxedo
24.
The Osmonds
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The Osmonds are devout members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, and their religious values have influenced their careers. The Osmond family was not one single act, but a group of several, the Osmond Brothers began as a barbershop quartet consisting of brothers Alan, Wayne, Merrill and Jay Osmond. Their only sister Marie, who sang with her brothers at that time, launched a successful career in 1973. A revival of the original Osmond Brothers lineup in the 1980s achieved moderate success in music and continues to perform to the present day, as do Donny. Collectively, the family has sold 102 million records worldwide, the siblings older brothers George Virl Osmond, Jr. and Tom Osmond were born deaf and did not originally perform. They made several appearances in later years, most notably on the family Christmas specials in the 1970s. All of the Osmonds were born in Ogden, Utah except the youngest, Jimmy, the Osmond Brothers career began in 1958 when Alan, Wayne, Merrill and Jay began singing barbershop music for local audiences in and around Ogden. In their made-for-TV movie Inside the Osmonds, they explain that they performed to earn money to support Virl and Tom in buying hearing aids. Despite their young ages and within a few years, the talent and stage presence were strong enough that their father, George Osmond. Welk was unable to meet them, but on the same trip. Tommy Walker, Disneylands Director of Entertainment and Customer Relations from 1955 to 1966, Walker hired the Osmonds to perform on a segment of Disneyland After Dark. This episode aired on 4/15/62 and 7/01/62, while the Osmond Brothers were performing on a televised Disney special, Andy Williamss father saw them and was so impressed he told his son to book them for his television show. Andy did, and the Osmond Brothers were regulars on the show from 1962 to 1969, Donny soon joined them on the show, making the Osmond Brothers a 5-member group. Marie and Jimmy were also introduced on the show as the years went by, during this time, the Osmonds also toured Europe, performing with Swedens most popular singer, Lars Lönndahl, and even releasing a single where they sang a Swedish version of Two Dirty Little Hands. The Osmond Brothers were regulars on the Jerry Lewis Show in 1969 and they continued to tour, but soon the Osmond Brothers decided they wanted to perform popular music and shed their variety-show image. They wanted to become a rock and roll band, the change was a difficult one for their father, who was suspicious of rock and roll. But he was persuaded and the boys began performing as a pop band, to this end, the Osmonds recorded a single, Flower Music, for UNI records in 1967. They achieved only modest success at first, but they found fame in 1971, record producer Mike Curb saw the Osmonds perform as a band and recognized that they combined a rare mix of polished performing style, instrumental skill, and vocal talent
25.
Fred Astaire
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Fred Astaire was an American dancer, singer, actor, choreographer and television presenter. His stage and subsequent film and television careers spanned a total of 76 years, during which he made 31 musical films and several television specials, Astaire was ranked by the American Film Institute as the fifth greatest male star of Classic Hollywood cinema in 100 Years. Gene Kelly, another star in filmed dance, said that the history of dance on film begins with Astaire, later, he asserted that Astaire was the only one of todays dancers who will be remembered. Astaire was born in Omaha, Nebraska, the son of Johanna Ann, Astaires mother was born in the United States to Lutheran German immigrants from East Prussia and Alsace. Astaires father was born in Linz, Austria, to Jewish parents who had converted to Roman Catholicism, Astaires mother dreamed of escaping Omaha by virtue of her childrens talents, after Astaires sister, Adele Astaire, early on revealed herself to be an instinctive dancer and singer. She planned a brother and sister act, which was common in vaudeville at the time, although Astaire refused dance lessons at first, he easily mimicked his older sisters steps and took up piano, accordion, and clarinet. Despite Adele and Freds teasing rivalry, they acknowledged their individual strengths, his durability. Fred and Adeles mother suggested they change their name to Astaire, Family legend attributes the name to an uncle surnamed LAstaire. They were taught dance, speaking, and singing in preparation for developing an act and their first act was called Juvenile Artists Presenting an Electric Musical Toe-Dancing Novelty. Fred wore a top hat and tails in the first half, in an interview, Astaires daughter, Ava Astaire McKenzie, observed that they often put Fred in a top hat to make him look taller. The goofy act debuted in Keyport, New Jersey, in a tryout theater, the local paper wrote, the Astaires are the greatest child act in vaudeville. As a result of their fathers salesmanship, Fred and Adele rapidly landed a contract and played the famed Orpheum Circuit in the Midwest, Western. Soon Adele grew to at least three inches taller than Fred and the pair began to look incongruous. The family decided to take a break from show business to let time take its course and to avoid trouble from the Gerry Society. In 1912, Fred became an Episcopalian, the career of the Astaire siblings resumed with mixed fortunes, though with increasing skill and polish, as they began to incorporate tap dancing into their routines. Astaires dancing was inspired by Bill Bojangles Robinson and John Bubbles Sublett, from vaudeville dancer Aurelio Coccia, they learned the tango, waltz, and other ballroom dances popularized by Vernon and Irene Castle. Some sources state that the Astaire siblings appeared in a 1915 film titled Fanchon, the Cricket, starring Mary Pickford, by age 14, Fred had taken on the musical responsibilities for their act. He first met George Gershwin, who was working as a song plugger for Jerome H. Remicks music publishing company, Fred had already been hunting for new music and dance ideas
26.
Barrie Chase
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Barrie Chase is an American actress and dancer originally from Kings Point, New York. When Chase was six, her father, writer Borden Chase and she grew up in Encino and studied ballet. She abandoned her intention to become a ballerina in New York to stay in Los Angeles and help support her mother, pianist Lee Keith and her brother was screenwriter Frank Chase. She danced on such live TV programs as The Colgate Comedy Hour and it was while she was working as Jack Coles assistant choreographer at MGM that Fred Astaire asked her to be his dancing partner on An Evening with Fred Astaire. She made four appearances as Astaires partner in his television specials between 1958 and 1968. The two danced on Hollywood Palace in 1966, during this period, she dated Astaire, a widower. She appeared on the talk show version of The Donald OConnor Show. She appeared in White Christmas as the girl who speaks the line, Mutual. She played Farida in the film The Flight of the Phoenix, starring James Stewart and Richard Attenborough, in 1965 she appeared on an episode of the Bonanza The Ballerina television series, playing a saloon dancer who longed to be a ballerina. In 1972, Chase retired from performing to devote herself to her own family, twice divorced, she is currently married to James Kaufman, the couple have one child. Barrie Chase at the Internet Movie Database
27.
Groucho Marx
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Julius Henry Marx, known professionally as Groucho Marx, was an American comedian, stage, film and television star. He was known as a master of quick wit and is considered one of the best comedians of the modern era. His rapid-fire, often impromptu delivery of innuendo-laden patter earned him many admirers and imitators and he made 13 feature films with his siblings the Marx Brothers, of whom he was the third-born. He also had a solo career, most notably as the host of the radio. His distinctive appearance, carried over from his days in vaudeville, included such as an exaggerated stooped posture, glasses, cigar. Julius Marx was born on October 2,1890, in Manhattan, New York City. Marx stated that he was born in a room above a shop on East 78th Street in Manhattan, New York City, Between Lexington & 3rd. The Marx children grew up on East 93rd Street off Lexington Avenue in a neighborhood now known as Carnegie Hill on the Upper East Side of the borough of Manhattan, in New York City. The turn-of-the-century building that his brother Harpo called the first real home they ever knew was populated with European immigrants, just across the street were the oldest brownstones in the area, owned by people such as the well-connected Loew Brothers and William Orth. The Marx family lived at this location for about 14 years, Grouchos mother was Miene Minnie Schoenberg, whose family came from Dornum in northern Germany when she was 16 years old. His father was Simon Sam Marx, who changed his name from Marrix, minnies brother was Al Schoenberg, who shortened his name to Al Shean when he went into show business as half of Gallagher and Shean, a noted vaudeville act of the early 20th century. According to Groucho, when Shean visited he would throw the local waifs a few coins so that when he knocked at the door he would be surrounded by adoring fans, Marx and his brothers respected his opinions and asked him on several occasions to write some material for them. Minnie Marx did not have an entertainment industry career but had ambition for her sons to go on the stage like their uncle. While pushing her eldest son Leonard in piano lessons she found that Julius had a pleasant soprano voice, juliuss early career goal was to become a doctor, but the familys need for income forced him out of school at the age of twelve. By that time young Julius had become a reader, particularly fond of Horatio Alger. Marx would continue to overcome his lack of education by becoming very well-read. Marx reputedly claimed that he was hopelessly average as a vaudevillian, by 1909 Minnie Marx had assembled her sons into a forgettable-quality vaudeville singing group billed as The Four Nightingales. The brothers Julius, Milton and Arthur and another boy singer, Lou Levy, after exhausting their prospects in the East the family moved to La Grange, Illinois, to play the Midwest
28.
Vietnam
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Vietnam, officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, is the easternmost country on the Indochina Peninsula in Southeast Asia. With an estimated 92.7 million inhabitants as of 2016, it is the worlds 14th-most-populous country, and its capital city has been Hanoi since the reunification of North and South Vietnam in 1976, with Ho Chi Minh City as a historical city as well. The northern part of Vietnam was part of Imperial China for over a millennium, an independent Vietnamese state was formed in 939, following a Vietnamese victory in the Battle of Bạch Đằng River. Following a Japanese occupation in the 1940s, the Vietnamese fought French rule in the First Indochina War, thereafter, Vietnam was divided politically into two rival states, North Vietnam, and South Vietnam. Conflict between the two sides intensified in what is known as the Vietnam War, the war ended with a North Vietnamese victory in 1975. Vietnam was then unified under a communist government but remained impoverished, in 1986, the government initiated a series of economic and political reforms which began Vietnams path towards integration into the world economy. By 2000, it had established relations with all nations. Since 2000, Vietnams economic growth rate has been among the highest in the world and its successful economic reforms resulted in its joining the World Trade Organization in 2007. It is also a member of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation and the Organisation Internationale de la Francophonie, Vietnam remains one of the worlds four remaining one-party socialist states officially espousing communism. The name Việt Nam is a variation of Nam Việt, a name that can be traced back to the Triệu Dynasty of the 2nd century BC. The word Việt originated as a form of Bách Việt. The form Vietnam is first recorded in the 16th-century oracular poem Sấm Trạng Trình, the name has also been found on 12 steles carved in the 16th and 17th centuries, including one at Bao Lam Pagoda in Haiphong that dates to 1558. Then, as recorded, rewarded Yuenan/Vietnam as their nations name, to also show that they are below the region of Baiyue/Bach Viet. Between 1804 and 1813, the name was used officially by Emperor Gia Long and it was revived in the early 20th century by Phan Bội Châus History of the Loss of Vietnam, and later by the Vietnamese Nationalist Party. The country was usually called Annam until 1945, when both the government in Huế and the Viet Minh government in Hanoi adopted Việt Nam. Archaeological excavations have revealed the existence of humans in what is now Vietnam as early as the Paleolithic age, Homo erectus fossils dating to around 500,000 BC have been found in caves in Lạng Sơn and Nghệ An provinces in northern Vietnam. The oldest Homo sapiens fossils from mainland Southeast Asia are of Middle Pleistocene provenance, teeth attributed to Homo sapiens from the Late Pleistocene have also been found at Dong Can, and from the Early Holocene at Mai Da Dieu, Lang Gao and Lang Cuom. The Hồng Bàng dynasty of the Hùng kings is considered the first Vietnamese state, in 257 BC, the last Hùng king was defeated by Thục Phán, who consolidated the Lạc Việt and Âu Việt tribes to form the Âu Lạc, proclaiming himself An Dương Vương
29.
Christmas
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In several countries, celebrating Christmas Eve on December 24 has the main focus rather than December 25, with gift-giving and sharing a traditional meal with the family. Although the month and date of Jesus birth are unknown, by the fourth century the Western Christian Church had placed Christmas on December 25. Today, most Christians celebrate on December 25 in the Gregorian calendar and this is not a disagreement over the date of Christmas as such, but rather a preference of which calendar should be used to determine the day that is December 25. Although it is not known why December 25 became a date of celebration, December 25 was the date the Romans marked as the winter solstice, the shortest, and therefore darkest day of the year. Jesus was identified with the Sun based on an Old Testament verse, the date is exactly nine months following Annunciation, when the conception of Jesus is celebrated. Finally, the Romans had a series of pagan festivals near the end of the year, so Christmas may have been scheduled at this time to appropriate, or compete with, one or more of these festivals. The celebratory customs associated in various countries with Christmas have a mix of pre-Christian, Christian, the economic impact of Christmas has grown steadily over the past few centuries in many regions of the world. Christmas is a form of Christs mass. It is derived from the Middle English Cristemasse, which is from Old English Crīstesmæsse, crīst is from Greek Khrīstos, a translation of Hebrew Māšîaḥ, Messiah, meaning anointed, and mæsse is from Latin missa, the celebration of the Eucharist. The form Christenmas was also used, but is now considered archaic and dialectal, it derives from Middle English Cristenmasse. In addition to Christmas, the holiday has been known by other names throughout its history. The Anglo-Saxons referred to the feast as midwinter, or, more rarely, Nativity, meaning birth, is from Latin nātīvitās. In Old English, Gēola referred to the corresponding to December and January. Noel entered English in the late 14th century and is from the Old French noël or naël, itself ultimately from the Latin nātālis, the canonical gospels of Luke and Matthew both describe Jesus as being born in Bethlehem in Judea, to a virgin mother. In the Gospel of Luke account, Joseph and Mary travel from Nazareth to Bethlehem for the census and it says that angels proclaimed him a savior for all people, and shepherds came to adore him. In the Matthew account, magi follow a star to Bethlehem to bring gifts to Jesus, King Herod orders the massacre of all the boys less than two years old in Bethlehem, but the family flees to Egypt and later settles in Nazareth. The Nativity stories of Matthew and Luke are prominent in the gospels, the first recorded Christmas celebration was in Rome in 336. Christmas played a role in the Arian controversy of the fourth century, the feast regained prominence after 800, when Charlemagne was crowned emperor on Christmas Day
30.
Phyllis Avery
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Phyllis Avery was an American television and film actress. Avery was born in New York City to Evelyn and author Stephen Morehouse Avery and her father hailed from Webster Groves, Missouri, near St. Louis. She studied at the American Academy of Dramatic Arts, as well as in California, Maryland, Avery made her Broadway debut in Orchids Preferred in 1937. Averys first motion picture role was as Marjorie in the 1951 film Queen for a Day based on the popular radio, in 1952, she played Tracy McAuliffe, the wife of the Charlton Heston character in the Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer film Ruby Gentry. She also was in The Best Things in Life Are Free, the name McNutley was changed in the second season to McNulty. In the latter segment, Avery, again playing the role of a small-town schoolmarm, resents the arrival of the new pipe-smoking instructor from Great Britain and she appeared on the Charles Bronson ABC series, Man with a Camera as Miss Hollis in the 1958 episode Turntable. In 1959, she was Ann Macauley in Incident in No Mans Land of CBSs western Rawhide, from 1957 to 1959, she appeared in three different roles on the first David Janssen series, Richard Diamond, Private Detective. She played a schoolteacher in the 1957 episode The Teacher on the ABC western series, Broken Arrow, with John Lupton. In 1956, she appeared as Maggie Henderson in the film The Best Things in Life Are Free and that same year, she and Lew Ayres portrayed Peg and Clint Howard in The Unrelenting Sky, the fourth episode of Dick Powells Zane Grey Theater. Avery was cast as the supporting actress Shelley Hayes in Millionaire Jim Hayes and she played Leona Pickford Bartell in The Baby Sitter segment of ABCs The Rifleman, with Chuck Connors and directed by Sam Peckinpah. In the story line, Avery as Bartell works in a hall and asks Lucas McCain to care for her daughter in order to keep the child from the clutches of Averys bigoted husband. In 1958, Avery appeared as herself singing on NBCs variety show, The George Gobel Show, Avery made two guest appearances on Perry Mason. In 1958 she played the character, murderer Marion Shelby. In 1961 she played Mary Cromwell in The Case of the Brazen Bequest, from 1960 to 1962, Avery appeared as Anne Selby on the CBS soap opera The Clear Horizon, a story of American astronauts and their wives. On February 12,1963, Avery appeared in The Fugitives of NBCs Laramie western series, series character Slim Sherman is shot and left for dead while in the pursuit of robbers. With temperatures dropping rapidly, his ranch partner Jess Harper must find Slim quickly, Jess breaks from jail Joel Greevy, played by Jan Merlin, the young man who shot Slim, in order to get Greevy to reveal Slims whereabouts. Jess recaptures the Greevy and his partners, but Greevy is killed in the process, Avery plays Greevys older sister, Myra, who had been a surrogate mother to the young outlaw. During the 1970s, Avery guest starred in episodes of All in the Family, Maude, Charlies Angels and Baretta
31.
John Cassavetes
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John Nicholas Cassavetes was a Greek-American actor, film director, and screenwriter. He also acted in many Hollywood films, notably Rosemarys Baby and he studied acting with Don Richardson, using an acting technique based on muscle memory. His income from acting made it possible for him to direct his own films independently and his children Nick Cassavetes, Zoe Cassavetes, and Xan Cassavetes are also filmmakers. His early years were spent with his family in Greece, when he returned at age seven and he was reared on Long Island, New York. He attended Port Washington High School from 1945 to 1947 and participated in Port Weekly, Red Domino, football, next to his photo on page 55 of his 1947 yearbook is written, Cassy is always ready with a wisecrack, but he does have a serious side. Cassavetes attended Blair Academy in New Jersey and spent a semester at Champlain College before being expelled due to his failing grades and he graduated in 1950 and met his future wife Gena Rowlands at her audition into the Academy in 1953 and they were married four months later in 1954. He continued acting in the theater, took parts in films and began working on television in anthology series. By 1956, Cassavetes had begun teaching an alternative to method acting in his own workshop in New York City, an improvisation exercise in his workshop inspired the idea for his writing and directorial debut, Shadows. Cassavetes raised the funds for the production from friends and family and his stated purpose was to make a film about little people, different from Hollywood studio productions. Cassavetes was unable to gain American distribution of Shadows, but it won the Critics Award at the Venice Film Festival, european distributors later released the movie in the United States as an import. Although the box-office of Shadows in the United States was slight, Cassavetes would repeat this performance in the 1956 film version. His first starring role in a film was Edge of the City. He was briefly under contract to Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer and co-starred with Robert Taylor in the western Saddle the Wind, in the late 1950s, Cassavetes guest-starred in Beverly Garlands groundbreaking crime drama, Decoy, about a New York City woman police undercover detective. Thereafter, he played Johnny Staccato, the character in a television series about a jazz pianist who also worked as a private detective. In total he directed five episodes of the series, which features a guest appearance by his wife Gena Rowlands. It was broadcast on NBC between September 1959 and March 1960 when it was acquired by ABC and although critically acclaimed, Cassavetes would appear on the NBC interview program, Heres Hollywood. Cassavetes directed two movies for Hollywood in the early 1960s – Too Late Blues and A Child Is Waiting, a Child Is Waiting starred Burt Lancaster and Judy Garland. He also starred in the CBS western series Rawhide, in the episode, in the 1963–1964 season, Cassavetes appeared in Jason Everss ABC drama about college life, Channing
32.
Broderick Crawford
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Crawford was born William Broderick Crawford in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, to Lester Crawford and Helen Broderick, who were both vaudeville performers, as his grandparents had been. Lester Crawford appeared in films in the 1920s and 1930s, his mother had a career in Hollywood comedies. Young William joined his parents on the stage, working for producer Max Gordon, after graduating from high school in Franklin, Mass, Crawford was accepted by Harvard College where he enrolled. However, after three weeks at Harvard he dropped out to work as a stevedore on the New York docks. Crawford returned to vaudeville and radio, which included a period with the Marx Brothers on the comedy show Flywheel, Shyster. He played his first serious character as a footballer in She Loves Me Not at the Adelphi Theatre, Crawford was originally stereotyped as a fast-talking tough guy early in his career and often played villainous parts. He gained fame in 1937 as Lenny in Of Mice and Men on Broadway and he moved to Hollywood, but did not play the role in the film version. In 1939, he was selected for a role in the production of Beau Geste. He followed this up another important supporting actor role in the 1942 gangster spoof Larceny. During World War II Crawford enlisted in the United States Army Air Corps, assigned to the Armed Forces Network, he was sent to Britain in 1944 as a sergeant, he served as an announcer for the Glenn Miller American Band. The film was a hit, and Crawfords performance as the bullying, blustering. The following year, the actor would star in another hit A-list production with William Holden and Judy Holliday, until filming All the Kings Men, Crawfords career had been largely limited to B films in supporting or character roles. He realized he did not fit the role of a leading man. Nevertheless, he excelled in playing villains. In 1955, Crawford assumed the role as Rollo Lamar. He was rather improbable as a fast-draw outlaw opposite Glenn Ford in the 1956 western and he appeared also in Stanley Kramers Not as a Stranger with Olivia de Havilland, Robert Mitchum and Frank Sinatra. Some say it was the worst film with the best cast and he even tried the European sword and sandal films in Vittorio Cottafavis La vendetta di Ercole, known in the U. S. as Goliath and the Dragon, and in Javier Setós The Castilian. ZIV Television Productions operated on a low budget of $25,000 per episode of Highway Patrol with ten percent of gross receipts going to Crawford as per his contract
33.
Angie Dickinson
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Angie Dickinson is an American actress. Dickinson has appeared in more than 50 films, including Oceans 11, The Sins of Rachel Cade, Jessica, Captain Newman, M. D. The Killers, The Art of Love, The Chase, Point Blank, Pretty Maids All in a Row, The Outside Man, and Big Bad Mama. As lead actress, she starred in Brian De Palmas 1980 erotic crime thriller Dressed to Kill, Dickinson, the second of four daughters, was born Angeline Brown in Kulm, North Dakota, the daughter of Fredericka and Leo Henry Brown. Her family is of German descent and she was raised Roman Catholic and her father was a small-town newspaper publisher and editor, working on the Kulm Messenger and the Edgeley Mail. In 1942, her moved to Burbank, California, where she attended Bellarmine-Jefferson High School. The previous year, she had won the Sixth Annual Bill of Rights essay contest and she then studied at Immaculate Heart College, Los Angeles, and at Glendale Community College, becoming a business graduate by 1954. Taking a cue from her father, she had intended to be a writer. While a student from 1950–52, she worked as a secretary at Lockheed Air Terminal in Burbank and she became Angie Dickinson in 1952, when she married football player Gene Dickinson. Dickinson entered a beauty pageant in 1953 and placed second, the exposure brought her to the attention of a television industry producer, who asked her to consider a career in acting. She studied the craft and a few years later was approached by NBC to guest-star on a number of variety shows and she soon met Frank Sinatra, who became a lifelong friend. She later was cast as Sinatras wife in the film Oceans 11, on New Years Eve 1954, Dickinson made her television acting debut in an episode of Death Valley Days. This led to roles in productions as Matinee Theatre, Buffalo Bill Jr. In the story line, Harry vowed never to go to prison and was shot to death while escaping, in 1957, she was cast as Amy Bender in Richard Boones series Have Gun-Will Travel in the episode A Matter of Ethics. She played the sister of a man who was killed and who wanted the murderer lynched, in 1958, she was cast as Laura Meadows in the episode The Deserters of an ABC/Warner Bros. Western series, Colt.45, with Wayde Preston and that year, she also played the role of defendant Mrs. Fargo in the Perry Mason episode The Case of the One-Eyed Witness. Dickinson went on to create characters in Mike Hammer, Wagon Train. In 1965, she had a role as Carol Tredman on NBCs Dr. Kildare
34.
Peter Falk
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He was twice nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor, first for Murder, Inc. and again for Pocketful of Miracles. Director William Friedkin said of Falks role in his film The Brinks Job and he could break your heart or he could make you laugh. Falk was the first actor to be nominated for an Academy Award, in 1968, Falk starred with Gene Barry in a ninety-minute television movie about a highly skilled, laid-back detective. Columbo eventually became part of a series titled The NBC Mystery Movie, along with McCloud, McMillan & Wife. The detective series stayed on NBC from 1971 to 1978, took a respite, Falk was everyones favorite rumpled television detective, wrote historian David Fantle. In 1996, TV Guide ranked Falk number 21 on its 50 Greatest TV Stars of All Time list. Born in New York City, Falk was the son of Michael Peter Falk, owner of a clothing and dry goods store, and his wife, Madeline, an accountant and buyer. Both of his parents were Jewish, coming from Poland and Russia on his fathers side, and from Hungary, Falks right eye was surgically removed when he was three because of a retinoblastoma, he wore an artificial eye for most of his life. The artificial eye was the cause of his trademark squint, despite this limitation, as a boy he participated in team sports, mainly baseball and basketball. In a 1997 interview in Cigar Aficionado magazine with Arthur Marx, Falk said, I got so mad I took out my glass eye, handed it to him and said, Try this. I got such a laugh you wouldnt believe, Falks first stage appearance was at the age of 12 in The Pirates of Penzance at Camp High Point in upstate New York, where one of his camp counselors was Ross Martin. Falk attended Ossining High School in Westchester County, New York, after graduating from high school in 1945, Falk briefly attended Hamilton College in Clinton, New York, and then tried to join the armed services as World War II was drawing to a close. Rejected because of his eye, he joined the United States Merchant Marine. Falk said of the experience in 1997, There they dont care if youre blind or not, the only one on a ship who has to see is the captain. And in the case of the Titanic, he couldnt see very well, Falk recalls this period in his autobiography, A year on the water was enough for me, so I returned to college. After a year and a half in the Merchant Marine, Falk returned to Hamilton College and he transferred to the New School for Social Research in New York City, which awarded him a bachelors degree in literature and political science in 1951. He then traveled in Europe and worked on a railroad in Yugoslavia for six months, Falk obtained a Master of Public Administration degree at the Maxwell School of Syracuse University in 1953. The program was designed to civil servants for the federal government
35.
Jack Lord
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John Joseph Patrick Ryan, best known by his stage name, Jack Lord, was an American television, film and Broadway actor and director and producer. He was known for his role as Steve McGarrett in the American television program Hawaii Five-O from 1968 to 1980. Lord appeared in feature films earlier in his career, among them Man of the West and he was the first actor to play the recurring character Felix Leiter in Dr. No, the first James Bond film. Born in Brooklyn, New York, Lord was the son of Irish-American parents and his father, William Lawrence Ryan, was a steamship company executive. He grew up in Morris Park, Queens, New York, young Lord developed his equestrian skills on his mothers fruit farm in the Hudson River Valley. He started spending summers at sea, and from the decks of cargo ships painted and sketched the landscapes he encountered—Africa and he attended New York University on a football scholarship, and earned a degree in Fine Arts. He spent the first year of the United States involvement in World War II with the United States Army Corps of Engineers and he returned to the Merchant Marine as an Able Seaman before enrolling in the deck officer course at Fort Trumbull. While making maritime training films, he took to the idea of acting, Lord received theatrical training from Sanford Meisner at the Neighborhood Playhouse. He worked first as a car salesman for Horgan Ford, then later as a Cadillac salesman in New York to fund his studies, later he studied at the Actors Studio. His Broadway debut was as Slim Murphy in Horton Footes The Traveling Lady with Kim Stanley, the show ran for 30 performances, October 27,1954 through November 20,1954. Lord won the Theatre World Award for his performance, Lord was then cast as Brick in a replacement for Ben Gazzara in the 1955–1956 production of Cat on a Hot Tin Roof. He had been in The Little Hut, The Illegitimist, and his first commercial film role was in the 1949 film The Red Menace a. k. a. He was associate producer in his 1950 film Cry Murder, in 1957, Lord starred in Williamsburg, the Story of a Patriot, which has run daily at Colonial Williamsburg since then. In 1958, Lord co-starred as Buck Walden in Gods Little Acre, Lord was the first actor to play the character Felix Leiter in the James Bond film series, introduced in the first Bond film, Dr. No. In 1962, Lord starred as series namesake Stoney Burke, a cowboy from Mission Ridge. The basis for the series was real-life champion rodeo rider Casey Tibbs, the series featured Warren Oates and Bruce Dern in recurring supporting roles. Lord credited Gary Cooper as his role model, and the inspiration for his characterization of Stoney Burke. Lord was considered for Eliot Ness in The Untouchables before Robert Stack won the role, ironically, he appeared in the Season One episode The Jake Lingle Killing
36.
Carol Lynley
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Carol Lynley is an American actress and former child model. Lynley was born Carole Ann Jones in Manhattan, the daughter of Frances and her father was Irish and her mother, a native of New England, was of English, Scottish, Welsh and German ancestry. She began her career as a model under the name Carolyn Lee. In 1959 Lynley was nominated for the Golden Globe Award for Most Promising Newcomer – Female and she appeared in the pilot television movies for Kolchak, The Night Stalker and Fantasy Island. Her many other appearances include The Big Valley, Mannix, It Takes a Thief, Night Gallery, The Invaders, Kojak, Hawaii Five-O, Hart to Hart. Lynley appeared in the season of The Man from U. N. C. L. E. in the two-part episode The Prince of Darkness Affair. Lynley posed nude at age 22 for the March 1965 edition of Playboy magazine, in 2006, she appeared in a 30-minute film, Vic, co-written and directed by Sage Stallone, the late son of Sylvester Stallone. In 1960, she married publicist Michael Selsman, the marriage produced one child, Jill Selsman, and ended in divorce in 1964. Lynley had an 18-year intermittent affair with English broadcaster and writer David Frost, Carol Lynley at the Internet Movie Database Carol Lynley at the Internet Broadway Database Carol Lynley at Allmovie Carol Lynley at the TCM Movie Database
37.
Ida Lupino
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Ida Lupino was an Anglo-American actress and singer, who became a pioneering director and producer—the only woman working within the 1950s Hollywood studio system to do so. With her independent production company, she co-wrote and co-produced several of her own social-message films, in her 48-year career, she made acting appearances in 59 films and directed eight others, mostly in the United States, where she became a citizen in 1948. She was the woman to direct episodes of the original The Twilight Zone series. Her father, a top name in musical comedy in the UK and he built a backyard theater for Lupino and her sister Rita, who also became an actress and dancer. Lupino wrote her first play at age seven and toured with a theater company as a child. She played leading roles in five British films in 1933 at Warner Bros, teddington studios and for Julius Hagen at Twickenham, including in The Ghost Camera with John Mills and I Lived with You with Ivor Novello. Dubbed the English Jean Harlow, she was discovered by Paramount in the 1933 film Money For Speed, playing a good girl/bad girl dual role. Lupino claimed the talent scouts only saw her play the girl in the film and not the part of the prostitute. When she arrived in Hollywood, the Paramount producers did not know what to make of their sultry potential leading lady, after this performance, she began to be taken seriously as a dramatic actress. As a result, her parts improved during the 1940s, and she referred to herself as the poor mans Bette Davis. Mark Hellinger, associate producer at Warner Bros, the film did well and the critical consensus was that Lupino stole the movie, particularly in her unhinged courtroom scene. Warner Bros. offered her a contract which she negotiated to include some freelance rights and she worked with Walsh and Bogart again in High Sierra, where she impressed critic Bosley Crowther in her role as adoring moll. Her performance in The Hard Way won the New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actress and she starred in Pillow to Post, which was her only comedic leading role. After the drama Deep Valley finished shooting, neither Warner Bros. nor Lupino moved to renew her contract, although in demand throughout the 1940s, she never became a major star, but was critically lauded for her tough, direct acting style. As a result, she spent a deal of her time at Warner Bros. suspended. In 1942 she rejected an offer to star opposite Ronald Reagan in Kings Row, eventually, a tentative rapprochement was brokered, but her relationship with her studio remained strained. She moved to Columbia Pictures in 1948, where she appeared as a singer in the film noir Road House. She starred in On Dangerous Ground in 1951, and may have taken on some of the tasks of the film while director Nicholas Ray was ill
38.
Darren McGavin
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McGavin was born in Spokane, Washington, the son of Reed D. Richardson and his wife Grace Watson. According to McGavin, his childhood was turbulent and he ran away from home at age eleven, and lived in abandoned warehouses in Tacoma, Washington during his teenage years. McGavin spent a year at the University of the Pacific in Stockton, untrained as an actor, he worked as a painter at Columbia Pictures movie studios in 1945. When an opening available for a bit part in A Song to Remember, McGavin applied. Shortly afterwards, he moved to New York City and studied at the Neighborhood Playhouse and he began working in live TV and on Broadway, including The Rainmaker, The King and I, and Death of a Salesman. McGavin returned to Hollywood and became busy in a variety of TV. In 1955, he appeared in the short film A Word to the Wives with Marsha Hunt, McGavin narrated and appeared in The Big Picture TV series in 1967, The Inner Ring episode, produced for the Office of the Chief of Information by the Army Pictorial Center. When the comedy team Martin and Lewis broke up, McGavin played the role originally earmarked for Dean Martin in The Delicate Delinquent, McGavin was also known for his role as Sam Parkhill in the miniseries adaptation of The Martian Chronicles. He appeared as a regular in The Name of the Game in an episode entitled Goodbye Harry and was featured as a reporter in one of the Gene Barry segments. The first of his two roles came in 1972, in the supernatural-themed TV movie The Night Stalker. He would write his stories in a sensational, tabloid style which advised readers that the true story was being withheld from them. McGavin and the cast were enthusiastic about the series, McGavin reportedly entered into a verbal agreement with Sid Sheinberg to produce The Night Stalker as a TV series as a coproduction between Universal and McGavins Taurean Productions. Early promises were never fulfilled, and McGavin expressed concern over script quality and his concerns appeared justified, as the series drifted into camp humor and the production values declined in later episodes. McGavin was asked to play the role of Arthur Dales, founder of the X-Files, failing health forced him to withdraw from the latter, and the script was rewritten to feature M. Emmet Walsh as Daless brother, also called Arthur. In 1983, he starred as Old Man Parker, the narrators father, McGavin allegedly received a fee of $2 million to play the role, making him one of the highest-paid actors of the time. During the filming of The Natural, Robert Redford was so pleased with McGavins portrayal of his character that began to expand the role. However, after a point, union rules dictated that the actors contract needed to be renegotiated for salary. After haggling on salary, and holding up production of the movie because of it, McGavin became somewhat fed up with the proceedings and instructed his agent to waive his billing in the credits entirely so they could get back to filming
39.
Dina Merrill
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Dina Merrill is an American actress, socialite, businesswoman and philanthropist. Merrill was born in New York City on December 29,1923 and she is the only child of Post Cereals heiress Marjorie Merriweather Post and her second husband, the Wall Street stockbroker Edward Francis Hutton. Merrill had two older half-sisters, Adelaide Breevort Hutton and Eleanor Post Hutton, by her mothers first marriage, to Edward Bennett Close. Merrill attended George Washington University in Washington, D. C. for one term, then dropped out and she received a lifetime achievement award from the American Academy of Dramatic Arts in April 2005. On advice from her half-sisters husband, she adopted the stage name Dina Merrill, borrowing from Charles E. Merrill, Merrill made her debut on the stage in the play The Mermaid Singing in 1945. During the late 1950s and 1960s, Merrill was believed to have intentionally been marketed as a replacement to Grace Kelly and she also appeared in made-for-TV movies, such as Seven in Darkness, The Lonely Profession, Family Flight and The Tenth Month. Merrill appeared regularly as a guest star on television series in the 1960s, notably as a villain, Calamity Jan. She also made guest appearances on Bonanza, The Love Boat and her stage credits include the 1983 Broadway revival of the Rodgers & Hart musical On Your Toes, starring Russian prima ballerina Natalia Makarova. In 1991, she appeared in the rotating cast of the staged reading of Wit & Wisdom. In 1991, Merrill and her husband, Ted Hartley, merged their company, Pavilion Communications. Merrill has been married three times, in 1946 she wed Stanley M. Rumbough, Jr. an heir to the Colgate-Palmolive toothpaste fortune and an entrepreneur. Two of Merrills four children predeceased their parents – David died in a accident in 1973. Dina Merrill at the Internet Movie Database In Step with, Dina Merrill, news. google. com, Cliff Robertson & Dina Merrill Take Stock and Are Bullish on the Outcome People Magazine 1981-07-31
40.
Suzanne Pleshette
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Suzanne Pleshette was an American actress and voice actress. After beginning her career in the theatre, she began appearing in films in the late 1950s and later appeared in prominent films such as Rome Adventure and she continued acting until 2004, four years before her death. Pleshette was born in Brooklyn Heights, Brooklyn, New York City and her parents were Jewish and the children of immigrants from Russia and Austria-Hungary. Her mother, Geraldine, was a dancer and artist who performed under the stage name Geraldine Rivers and her father, Eugene Pleshette, was a stage manager, network executive and manager of the Paramount Theater in Brooklyn. She graduated from Manhattans High School of Performing Arts and attended Syracuse University for one semester before transferring to Finch College and she later graduated from Manhattans prestigious acting school, the Neighborhood Playhouse School of the Theatre and was under the tutelage of renowned acting teacher Sanford Meisner. Reviewers described her appearance and demeanor as sardonic and her voice as sultry and she began her career as a stage actress. She made her Broadway debut in Meyer Levins 1957 play Compulsion, adapted from his novel inspired by the Leopold, in 1959, she was featured in the comedy Golden Fleecing, starring Constance Ford and Tom Poston. That same year, she was one of two finalists for the role of Louise/Gypsy in the production of Gypsy. During the run of The Cold Wind and the Warm, she spent mornings taking striptease lessons from Jerome Robbins for the role in Gypsy, in his autobiography, Arthur Laurents, the plays author stated, It came down to between Suzanne Pleshette and Sandra Church. Suzanne was the actress, but Sandra was the better singer. In February 1961, she succeeded Anne Bancroft as Anne Sullivan Macy opposite 14-year-old Patty Dukes Helen Keller in The Miracle Worker and she also starred in a number of Walt Disney family films. Pleshettes first screen role was in the episode Night Rescue of the CBS adventure/drama television series Harbormaster, starring Barry Sullivan and Paul Burke. She guest-starred more than once as different characters in each of the following 1960s TV series, Route 66, The Fugitive, The Invaders, columbo and The Name of the Game. She was soon cast as the wife of Newhart’s character on the popular CBS sitcom The Bob Newhart Show for all six seasons and she was nominated twice for the Emmy for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Comedy Series. Her 1984 situation comedy, Suzanne Pleshette Is Maggie Briggs, was canceled after seven episodes, in 1989, she played the role of Christine Broderick in the NBC drama, Nightingales, which lasted one season. In 1990, Pleshette portrayed Manhattan hotelier Leona Helmsley in the television movie Leona Helmsley, The Queen of Mean, in addition, she starred opposite Hal Linden in the 1994 sitcom The Boys Are Back. The role would prove to be her last, Pleshettes 1964 marriage to her Rome Adventure and A Distant Trumpet co-star Troy Donahue ended acrimoniously after just eight months. Her second husband was Texas oilman Tom Gallagher, to whom she was married from 1968 until his death from cancer on January 21,2000
