1.
Bob Hoskins (philanthropist)
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Bob Hoskins is an internationally known evangelist based out of Pompano Beach, Florida. He founded OneHope in 1987, with a mission to provide a message of hope to children and he has spent the majority of his life serving as a missionary, reaching people in countries in the Middle East, Africa, South America, Asia and Europe. Hoskins has devoted over 70 years to various ministries, Hoskins was born in Ponca City, Oklahoma to Charles and Lucille Hoskins. By the time he was 7, Hoskins launched his evangelism ministry, regularly speaking at tent revivals and he dropped out of school that same year to pursue ministry full-time. From that age until the age of eighteen, he traveled throughout the United States in citywide crusades, due to his travel schedule, he received his education from private tutors who traveled with the evangelistic team. In 1953, Hoskins traveled to British Guyana, while working with a group of newly baptized believers, Bob launched a salvation and healing crusade that resulted in the conversion of thousands. At 19, Hoskins met Hazel Crabtree at an event where he was preaching in Little Rock. Four years later on September 5,1959, they were married in a ceremony in Sacramento, in 1964, the Hoskins followed a vision to plant churches in the Middle East and North Africa. The ministries they established under the name Middle East Outreach included correspondence courses, radio ministry, a seminary, in 1965, Hoskins and his wife moved to Beirut, Lebanon, where they lived and raised their three children until returning to the United States in August 1980. While there Bob launched The Way of Life Literature Ministry, which after 10 years,400,000 people enrolled in their correspondence program, Hoskins has worked with thousands of likely and unlikely partners and volunteers—including public health officials, national departments of education, and relief organizations. In 1980 the Hoskins relocated to Miami, Florida, where Bob assumed the presidency of the newly formed Life Publishers International and he continued in leadership of Life Publishers until 1996, when the denomination with which he was affiliated sold the publishing entity to Zondervan Publishers. In 1987, Hoskins launched Book of Hope International ministries, over the next 30 years, as the ministry expanded beyond print to digital media, the ministry was renamed OneHope. OneHope was founded with a goal to all the world’s children with the message of the Bible. The first 968,000 Books of Hope—customized, Bible-based children’s publications—were soon delivered to every schoolchild in El Salvador at the request of the country’s Minister of Education, OneHope launched a multi-year, multi-country research initiative to examine the spiritual state of the world’s children in 2007. The data gathered from surveys of 153,652 school-aged children on 5 continents is being used to customize OneHope’s programs, in 2008, OneHope delivered their 500 millionth Book of Hope to a child in Colombia. Today, OneHope has distributed more than a billion around the globe, Hoskins has authored a number of books, including the classic, All They Want Is the Truth, which has been translated into multiple languages with over a million copies distributed. Bob has traveled in every continent and country in the world and he has preached in over 160 countries. Hoskins has been recognized by industry leaders because of his work around the world
2.
Bury St Edmunds
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Bury St Edmunds is a market town in Suffolk, England. Bury St Edmunds Abbey is near the town centre, Bury is the seat of the Diocese of St Edmundsbury and Ipswich, with the episcopal see at St Edmundsbury Cathedral. The town, originally called Beodericsworth, was built on a pattern by Abbot Baldwin around 1080. It is known for brewing and malting and for a British Sugar processing factory, the town is the cultural and retail centre for West Suffolk and tourism is a major part of the economy. They all derive from Proto-Germanic *burgs meaning fortress and this in turn derives from the Proto-Indo-European root *bhrgh meaning fortified elevation, with cognates including Welsh bera and Sanskrit bhrant-. There is thus no justification for the folk etymology stating that the Cathedral Town was so called because St Edmund was buried there, the second section of the name refers to Edmund King of the East Angles, who was killed by the Vikings in the year 869. He became venerated as a saint and a martyr, and his shrine made Bury St Edmunds an important place of pilgrimage, the formal name of both the borough and the diocese is St Edmundsbury. Local residents often refer to Bury St Edmunds simply as Bury, Bury St Edmunds, supposed by some to have been the Villa Faustina of the Romans, was one of the royal towns of the Saxons. The town grew around Bury St Edmunds Abbey, a site of pilgrimage, by 925 the fame of St Edmund had spread far and wide, and the name of the town was changed to St Edmunds Bury. In 942 or 945 King Edmund had granted to the abbot and convent jurisdiction over the town, free from all secular services. Edward the Confessor made the lord of the franchise. Sweyn, in 1020, having destroyed the monastery and ejected the secular priests. Count Alan Rufus is said to have been interred at Bury St Edmunds Abbey in 1093, in the 12th and 13th centuries the head of the de Hastings family, who held the Lordship of the Manor of Ashill in Norfolk, was hereditary Steward of this abbey. On 18 March 1190, two days after the more well-known massacre of Jews at Clifford Tower in York, the people of Bury St Edmunds massacred 57 Jews. Later that year, Abbot Samson successfully petitioned King Richard I for permission to evict the towns remaining Jewish inhabitants on the grounds that everything in the town. Belonged by right to St Edmund, therefore, either the Jews should be St Edmund’s men or they should be banished from the town and this expulsion predates the Edict of Expulsion by 100 years. In 1198, a burned the shrine of St Edmund, leading to the inspection of his corpse by Abbot Samson. The town is associated with Magna Carta, by various grants from the abbots, the town gradually attained the rank of a borough
3.
England
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England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west, the Irish Sea lies northwest of England and the Celtic Sea lies to the southwest. England is separated from continental Europe by the North Sea to the east, the country covers five-eighths of the island of Great Britain in its centre and south, and includes over 100 smaller islands such as the Isles of Scilly, and the Isle of Wight. England became a state in the 10th century, and since the Age of Discovery. The Industrial Revolution began in 18th-century England, transforming its society into the worlds first industrialised nation, Englands terrain mostly comprises low hills and plains, especially in central and southern England. However, there are uplands in the north and in the southwest, the capital is London, which is the largest metropolitan area in both the United Kingdom and the European Union. In 1801, Great Britain was united with the Kingdom of Ireland through another Act of Union to become the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. In 1922 the Irish Free State seceded from the United Kingdom, leading to the latter being renamed the United Kingdom of Great Britain, the name England is derived from the Old English name Englaland, which means land of the Angles. The Angles were one of the Germanic tribes that settled in Great Britain during the Early Middle Ages, the Angles came from the Angeln peninsula in the Bay of Kiel area of the Baltic Sea. The earliest recorded use of the term, as Engla londe, is in the ninth century translation into Old English of Bedes Ecclesiastical History of the English People. According to the Oxford English Dictionary, its spelling was first used in 1538. The earliest attested reference to the Angles occurs in the 1st-century work by Tacitus, Germania, the etymology of the tribal name itself is disputed by scholars, it has been suggested that it derives from the shape of the Angeln peninsula, an angular shape. An alternative name for England is Albion, the name Albion originally referred to the entire island of Great Britain. The nominally earliest record of the name appears in the Aristotelian Corpus, specifically the 4th century BC De Mundo, in it are two very large islands called Britannia, these are Albion and Ierne. But modern scholarly consensus ascribes De Mundo not to Aristotle but to Pseudo-Aristotle, the word Albion or insula Albionum has two possible origins. Albion is now applied to England in a poetic capacity. Another romantic name for England is Loegria, related to the Welsh word for England, Lloegr, the earliest known evidence of human presence in the area now known as England was that of Homo antecessor, dating to approximately 780,000 years ago. The oldest proto-human bones discovered in England date from 500,000 years ago, Modern humans are known to have inhabited the area during the Upper Paleolithic period, though permanent settlements were only established within the last 6,000 years
4.
London
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London /ˈlʌndən/ is the capital and most populous city of England and the United Kingdom. Standing on the River Thames in the south east of the island of Great Britain and it was founded by the Romans, who named it Londinium. Londons ancient core, the City of London, largely retains its 1. 12-square-mile medieval boundaries. London is a global city in the arts, commerce, education, entertainment, fashion, finance, healthcare, media, professional services, research and development, tourism. It is crowned as the worlds largest financial centre and has the fifth- or sixth-largest metropolitan area GDP in the world, London is a world cultural capital. It is the worlds most-visited city as measured by international arrivals and has the worlds largest city airport system measured by passenger traffic, London is the worlds leading investment destination, hosting more international retailers and ultra high-net-worth individuals than any other city. Londons universities form the largest concentration of education institutes in Europe. In 2012, London became the first city to have hosted the modern Summer Olympic Games three times, London has a diverse range of people and cultures, and more than 300 languages are spoken in the region. Its estimated mid-2015 municipal population was 8,673,713, the largest of any city in the European Union, Londons urban area is the second most populous in the EU, after Paris, with 9,787,426 inhabitants at the 2011 census. The citys metropolitan area is the most populous in the EU with 13,879,757 inhabitants, the city-region therefore has a similar land area and population to that of the New York metropolitan area. London was the worlds most populous city from around 1831 to 1925, Other famous landmarks include Buckingham Palace, the London Eye, Piccadilly Circus, St Pauls Cathedral, Tower Bridge, Trafalgar Square, and The Shard. The London Underground is the oldest underground railway network in the world, the etymology of London is uncertain. It is an ancient name, found in sources from the 2nd century and it is recorded c.121 as Londinium, which points to Romano-British origin, and hand-written Roman tablets recovered in the city originating from AD 65/70-80 include the word Londinio. The earliest attempted explanation, now disregarded, is attributed to Geoffrey of Monmouth in Historia Regum Britanniae and this had it that the name originated from a supposed King Lud, who had allegedly taken over the city and named it Kaerlud. From 1898, it was accepted that the name was of Celtic origin and meant place belonging to a man called *Londinos. The ultimate difficulty lies in reconciling the Latin form Londinium with the modern Welsh Llundain, which should demand a form *lōndinion, from earlier *loundiniom. The possibility cannot be ruled out that the Welsh name was borrowed back in from English at a later date, and thus cannot be used as a basis from which to reconstruct the original name. Until 1889, the name London officially applied only to the City of London, two recent discoveries indicate probable very early settlements near the Thames in the London area
5.
The Long Good Friday
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The Long Good Friday is a British gangster film starring Bob Hoskins and Helen Mirren. It was completed in 1979, but because of release delays and it was voted at number 21 in the British Film Institutes list of the top 100 British films of the 20th century, and provided Bob Hoskins with his breakthrough film role. However, his world is suddenly destabilised by a series of unexplained murders, the situation worsens when a pub in which they are about to have dinner at is blown up and Harolds partner, Victoria, tells the Americans that they are under attack from an unknown enemy. After some detective work, Harold confronts Jeff, who confesses that he sent Harolds friend Colin on a job to Belfast to deliver money raised by Irish Navvies to the IRA. When Harold discovers Jeff accepted a job to deliver funds to the IRA, he becomes extremely angry and vows to destroy the IRA in London. Jeff advises against this and explains that the IRA arent just annoyed about some of the money which had gone missing, but also wrongly hold Harold responsible for the murder of three IRA men. Under intense questioning, Jeff confesses that the IRA threatened to kill him and he was so scared that he put the finger on Harold, who loses his temper and kills him with a broken whisky bottle. Having taken out the top men, Harold believes his problem is solved, when he arrives, he finds the Americans are preparing to leave, spooked by the attacks from the IRA. Harold snubs them with a short but powerful speech, saying he has lost all respect for the Mafia and he finishes by telling them he has new German partners and that their services are no longer required. Harold leaves the hotel and gets picked up by his chauffeur and bodyguard and he sees Victoria being held in another car by more IRA men and, realising he is sure to be murdered, sits in silence, displaying a range of emotions. Bob Hoskins – Harold Shand P. H. Karl Howman – a Detective Sergeant who enjoys socialising with the criminal fraternity. Under the title The Paddy Factor, the story had been written by Keeffe for Hanson when the latter worked for Euston Films. Euston did not make the film but Hanson bought the rights from Euston for his own company Calendar Films, the film was commissioned by Charles Denton, at the time both Programme Controller of ATV and Managing Director of Black Lion. After Grade saw the film, he allegedly objected to what he saw as the glorification of the IRA. The film was scheduled to be televised with heavy cuts on 24 March 1981, because of the planned cuts, in late 1980, Hanson attempted to buy the film back from ITC to prevent ITV screening the film. The cuts, he said, would be execrable and added up to about 75 minutes of film that was literal nonsense. Before the planned ITV transmission the rights to the film were bought from ITC by George Harrisons company, Handmade Films and they gave the film a cinema release
6.
Mona Lisa (film)
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Mona Lisa is a 1986 British neo-noir crime drama film about an ex-convict who becomes entangled in the dangerous life of a high-class call girl. The film was written by Neil Jordan and David Leland, and it was produced by HandMade Films and stars Bob Hoskins, Cathy Tyson, and Michael Caine. Mortwell also wants George to gather information on one of Simones wealthy customers for blackmail purposes, Simone, who has worked hard to develop high-class manners and an elite clientele, initially dislikes the uncouth and outspoken George, and he regards her as putting on airs. But as George and Simone find out more about other, they form a friendship. George agrees to risk his own life to help Simone find her teenage friend Cathy, who has disappeared, after Anderson attacks George, Simone flees to Brighton. George finally finds Cathy and takes her to Brighton to reunite her with Simone and he discovers that Simone and Cathy are lovers, and that Simone doesnt care about him and only used him to find Cathy. Mortwell and Anderson then arrive to back control of Simone and Cathy. He punches her, takes the gun and leaves - upset at her ingratitude, freed of his underworld obligations, George returns to a more normal life, working in his friends garage and spending time with Jeannie. The film received positive reaction when released in 1986. However, Vincent Canby, writing for The New York Times, halliwells Film Guide argued only this actor could make a hit of this unsavoury yarn, with its highlights of sex and violence. Bob Hoskins was praised for his performance and was awarded the Golden Globe Award, BAFTA Award, Prix dinterprétation masculine at the Cannes Film Festival, despite this heavy acclaim, he lost the Academy Award for Best Actor to Paul Newman in The Color of Money
7.
Who Framed Roger Rabbit
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Who Framed Roger Rabbit is a 1988 American fantasy neo-noir film directed by Robert Zemeckis, produced by Frank Marshall and Robert Watts, and written by Jeffrey Price and Peter S. Seaman. The film is based on Gary K. Wolfs 1981 novel Who Censored Roger Rabbit, the film stars Bob Hoskins, Christopher Lloyd, Charles Fleischer, Stubby Kaye, and Joanna Cassidy. Combining live-action and animation, the film is set in Hollywood during the late 1940s in a timeline where animated characters really exist. The story follows Eddie Valiant, a detective who must exonerate Toon Roger Rabbit. Walt Disney Pictures purchased the rights for Who Framed Roger Rabbits story in 1981. Jeffrey Price and Peter S. Seaman wrote two drafts of the script before Disney brought in executive producer Steven Spielberg, and his production company, Zemeckis was brought on to direct the film, and Canadian animator Richard Williams was hired to supervise the animation sequences. Production was moved from Los Angeles to Elstree Studios in England to accommodate Williams, while filming, the production budget began to rapidly expand and the shooting schedule ran longer than expected. Disney released the film through its Touchstone Pictures division on June 22,1988, to critical and commercial success, the film brought a renewed interest in the Golden Age of American animation, spearheading modern American animation and the Disney Renaissance. In 2016, the film was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant. In 1947, toons act out theatrical cartoon shorts as with films, they regularly interact with real people and animals and reside in Toontown. Maroon, head of Maroon Cartoon Studios, is concerned about the recent poor acting performances of one of his biggest stars, Roger Rabbit. After watching Jessica perform at the underground Ink & Paint Club, Valiant secretly takes photographs of her and Acme playing patty-cake in her dressing room, Maroon suggests to Roger that he should leave Jessica, but a drunken Roger refuses and flees. The next morning, Acme is discovered dead at his factory by the Los Angeles Police Department with a safe dropped on his head, and evidence points to Roger being responsible. While investigating, Valiant meets Judge Doom, Toontowns Superior Court judge, who has created a substance capable of killing a toon, a toxic Dip made of turpentine, acetone, and benzene. Valiant runs into Rogers toon co-star, Baby Herman, who believes Roger is innocent and that Acmes missing will and he then finds Roger hiding in his office, who begs him to help exonerate him. Valiant reluctantly hides Roger in a bar where his ex-girlfriend, Dolores. Later, Jessica approaches Valiant and says that Maroon had forced her to pose for the photographs so that he could blackmail Acme, Doom and his toon-weasel henchmen discover Roger, but he and Valiant escape with Benny, an anthropomorphic taxicab. They flee to a theater, where Valiant explains to Roger that a toon killed Teddy before he fled to Toontown
8.
Mermaids (1990 film)
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Mermaids is a 1990 American comedy-drama film directed by Richard Benjamin and starring Cher, Bob Hoskins, Winona Ryder, and Christina Ricci in her first film role. It is based on the 1986 novel of the title written by Patty Dann. It was shot in and around the town of Ipswich, Massachusetts and Pawtucket, the film is narrated by Charlotte Flax, a quirky and awkward 15-year old girl living in Oklahoma with her single, eccentric mother, Rachel, and her sweet nine-year-old sister, Kate. Rachels daughters have different fathers—Charlotte is a product of a teenage romance, the narration begins in early fall of 1963. Just as Rachels latest fling with her married employer ends, she decides to relocate with Charlotte and Kate once again and this time, they move to a new home near a convent in the small town of Eastport in Massachusetts. Charlotte has an obsession with Catholicism and is always reminded by Rachel that they are Jewish. She idolizes the nuns living in the convent, wanting to become one herself, Kate, on the other hand, loves oceans and swimming. She apparently learned to do so when she was a baby, giving her Olympic potential, after the assassination of John F. Kennedy, Charlotte believes she is comforting Joe in mourning, and they end up kissing in the bell tower where he rings the church bell. After the encounter, she begins fasting in order to purge her sinful thoughts, soon fearing that God may be punishing her by making her pregnant through immaculate conception and unable to talk to her mother about it, she steals Rachels car and runs away. Later on, she is picked up by Lou and taken home, the next day, Charlotte makes an appointment at the nearest hospital under the name Joan Arc, where she goes to see an obstetrician and is told she is still a virgin. Relieved, she goes home, dispelled of her assumption that one kiss can get you pregnant, at a New Years Eve costume party, Lou asks Rachel to move in with him but she declines, reminding him that theyre both still married to different spouses. However, shes not willing to break up with him nor let their relationship progress either and they have a big fight which ends with Lou calmly leaving in disappointment. Rachel then asks Joe for a home, before she wishes him a happy New Year. Charlotte sees this and feels that her mother is trying to steal him away, the night after the incident, Charlotte dresses up in Rachels clothes and makeup, and she and Kate get drunk on wine. Hearing the church bells ringing, she then takes Kate to the convent to see Joe, Kate decides to stay behind and collect rocks while Charlotte goes up to the bell tower to find Joe and they have sex. Unbeknownst to them, Kate falls into a river and almost drowns, very angry at the turn of events, Rachel has a big altercation with Charlotte, as she is wanting to move again to avoid embarrassment since the whole town is talking about Charlotte and Joe. Eventually, the two have a conversation and Charlotte convinces Rachel to stay in Eastport for at least another year. Time passes in the town and Rachels relationship with Lou progresses
9.
Super Mario Bros. (film)
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Super Mario Bros. was shot in both New York City and North Carolina on a budget of $48 million. The film was released on May 28,1993, in the United States and was both critically and commercially, receiving criticism for its storyline, characters and dialogue. However, the film was nominated for two Saturn Awards, years later, however, it has spawned a fan-made website, a fan-made sequel comic, and even a Blu-ray release in the United Kingdom. Sixty-five million years ago, a meteorite crashes into the Earth, killing the dinosaurs, the surviving dinosaurs cross over into this new dimension and evolve into a humanoid race. Later, Luigi falls in love with an orphaned NYU student named Daisy, after a date, Daisy takes Luigi back to the bridge only to witness one of Scapellis men sabotaging it by leaving the water pipes open. Unable to fix the flooding, Luigi and Daisy rush back to his apartment where they inform Mario about the incident, the trio returns to the flooding where the Mario Bros. manage to fix it but are knocked unconscious by Iggy and Spike, who proceed to capture Daisy. Moments later, Mario and Luigi awaken and head deeper into the caves following Daisys screams and it turns out that Iggy and Spike are henchmen of the other worlds germophobic and obsessive–compulsive dictator, King Koopa, who descended from the most revered dinosaur, the Tyrannosaurus Rex. The Mario Bros. realize they didnt bring Daisys rock, a fragment which Koopa is trying to get in order to merge his world with the real world. It is then revealed that Daisy is the long-lost Princess of the other dimension, when Koopa overthrew Daisys father, her mother took her to Brooklyn using the inter-dimensional portal. The portal was destroyed, killing Daisys mother in the process. Upon hearing this, Koopa sends Spike and Iggy to find both Daisy and the rock to merge the dimensions and make him dictator of both worlds. However, after Koopa subjects them to one of his experiments to make them intelligent, Spike and Iggy realize Koopas evil intentions. Koopa believes only Daisy can merge the worlds, but the Mario Bros. are also from a different place, eventually, the Mario Bros. rescue Daisy with the help of Toad, a good-natured guitarist who was punished by Koopa for performing music that protests his reign. Eventually, the two merge and Koopa turns Scapelli into a chimpanzee before going after Mario, but Luigi and Daisy bring back the rock. In Dinohattan, Mario confronts Koopa and eventually defeats him when he and Luigi fire their guns at Koopa. With Daisys father restored after Koopas defeat, he reclaims control over the kingdom, the citizens celebrate and immediately destroy anything under Koopas influence. Heartbroken, Luigi kisses Daisy goodbye as he and Mario return home to Brooklyn, three weeks later, the Mario Bros. are getting ready for dinner when their story comes on the news and the anchorman says they should be called the Super Mario Bros. Daisy then arrives and asks the Mario Bros. to help her and says, in a post-credits scene, two Japanese business executives propose making a video game based on Iggy and Spike, who decide on the title The Super Koopa Cousins
10.
Brazil (1985 film)
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Brazil is a 1985 dystopian science fiction film directed by Terry Gilliam and written by Gilliam, Charles McKeown, and Tom Stoppard. The film stars Jonathan Pryce and features Robert De Niro, Kim Greist, Michael Palin, Katherine Helmond, Bob Hoskins, though a success in Europe, the film was unsuccessful in its initial North America release. It has since become a cult film, the film is named after the recurrent theme song, Ary Barrosos Aquarela do Brasil, as performed by Geoff Muldaur. Sam Lowry is a government employee who frequently daydreams of saving a damsel in distress. Visiting Buttles widow, Sam encounters their neighbour Jill Layton, and is astonished to see that she resembles the woman from his recurring dreams, Jill is trying to help Mrs. Buttle determine what happened to her husband, but her efforts are obstructed by bureaucracy. Sam approaches Jill, but she avoids giving him full details, during this time, Sam comes in contact with Tuttle, who once worked for Central Services but left due to his dislike of the tedious and repetitive paperwork. Tuttle helps Sam deal with two Central Services workers, Spoor and Dowser, who return to demolish Sams ducts. Sam discovers that the way to learn about Jill is to get transferred to Information Retrieval. He had previously turned down a promotion arranged by his mother, Ida, Sam retracts his refusal by speaking with Deputy Minister Mr. Helpmann at a party hosted by Ida. Obtaining Jills records, Sam tracks her down before she can be arrested, then falsifies the records to fake her death, the two share a romantic night together, but are soon apprehended by the government at gunpoint. Charged with treason for abusing his new position, Sam is restrained to a chair in a large, empty room, to be tortured by his old friend. Sam learns that Jill was killed resisting arrest. When Jack is about to start the torturing, Tuttle and other members of the break into the Ministry, shooting Jack, rescuing Sam. Sam and Tuttle flee together, but Tuttle disappears amid a mass of scraps of paperwork from the destroyed building and he lands in a street from his daydreams, and attempts to escape police and monsters by climbing a pile of flex-ducts. Opening a door, he passes through it and is surprised to find himself in a driven by Jill. The two leave the city together, however, this happy ending is a product of Sams delusions, he is still strapped to the chair. Realising that Sam has descended into insanity, Jack and Mr. Helpmann declare him a lost cause. Sam remains in the chair, smiling and singing Brazil, Pryce has described the role as the highlight of his career, along with that of Lytton Strachey in Carrington
11.
Hook (film)
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Hook is a 1991 American fantasy adventure film directed by Steven Spielberg and written by James V. Hart and Malia Scotch Marmo. It acts as a sequel to J. M. Barries 1911 novel Peter, in his new life, he is known as Peter Banning, a successful but unimaginative and workaholic corporate lawyer with a wife and two children. However, when Captain Hook, the enemy of his past, kidnaps his children, along the journey he reclaims the memories of his past. It entered pre-production in 1985, but Spielberg abandoned the project, James V. Hart developed the script with director Nick Castle and TriStar Pictures before Spielberg decided to direct in 1989. It was shot almost entirely on sound stages at Sony Pictures Studios in Culver City and it received mixed reviews from critics, and while it was a commercial success, its box office take was lower than expected. It was nominated in five categories at the 64th Academy Awards and it also spawned merchandise, including video games, action figures, and comic book adaptations. Peter Banning is a corporate lawyer living in San Francisco. As a workaholic, he spends time with his wife, Moira, and children, 12-year-old Jack and 7-year-old Maggie. They fly to London to visit Moiras grandmother, Wendy Darling, Wendy is ostensibly the true creator of the Peter Pan stories, with J. M. Barrie, her childhood neighbor merely having transcribed the tales. During their stay, Peter angrily yells at the children while their playing disturbs his important call, Peter, Moira and Wendy go out to a charity dinner honoring Wendys long life of charitable service to orphans. Upon their return, they discover the house has been ransacked, a cryptic ransom note, signed Captain James Hook, has been pinned to the nursery door with a dagger. Wendy confesses to Peter that the stories of Peter Pan are true, in disbelief, he gets drunk up in the nursery, but Tinker Bell appears and takes him to Neverland to rescue his children from Hook. Hook and his pirates confront Peter but become depressed when they realize he does not remember his former life, Tinker Bell makes a deal with Hook that Peter will regain his memories in three days for a climactic battle. He is reacquainted with the Mermaids and meets the new generation of Lost Boys, led by Rufio and they help him train, and in the process he regains his imagination and lost youth. One of them, Thud Butt, gives him marbles that were left behind by Tootles, elsewhere, Smee talks Hook into manipulating Jack and Maggie into loving him to break Peters will. While Maggie is not taken in, Jack comes to view Hook as a father figure, Hook arranges a makeshift baseball game for Jack, which Peter watches as Hook treats Jack like his own son. Peter runs off and tries to fly, but is led to the old treehouse of the Lost Boys by his own shadow, Tinker Bell helps him remember his childhood and how he fell in love with Moira, and he realizes his happy thought is being a father. He flies up into the sky, returning as Peter Pan, the child-minded Peter returns to Tinker Bell who grows human-sized and kisses him, reminding him of his reason for being in Neverland
12.
Nixon (film)
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The film portrays Nixon as a complex and, in many respects, admirable, though deeply flawed, person. Nixon begins with a disclaimer that the film is an attempt to understand the truth based on public sources. The cast includes Joan Allen, Annabeth Gish, Marley Shelton, Powers Boothe, J. T. Walsh, the movie starts in ‘72 with the “plumbers” breaking into The Watergate and subsequently getting arrested. Nixons’ Chief Of Staff, General Alexander “Al” Haig brings Pres, Richard “Dick” M. Nixon Tapes to listen to. The two men talk about The Watergate Scandal, and about what a mess it has become, after talking about the death of J Edgar Hoover. Nixon goes on to curse out John Dean James McCord and others involved in Watergate, as Haig turns to leave, Nixon asks Haig why he hasnt been given a pistol to commit suicide like an honorable soldier. Nixon starts the taping system which trigger memories that start a series of time jumps, the first, takes us back to June 23,1972 about a week after the break in. To a meeting with Halderman Erlichman And Dean, ehrlichman and Dean leave, Nixon speaks the “Smoking Gun” tape to Halderman. The film covers most aspect of Nixons life and political career, the film implies that Nixon and his wife abused alcohol and prescription medication. The film ends with Nixons resignation and famous departure from the lawn of the White House on the helicopter, Anthony Hopkins as Richard Nixon The studio did not like Stones choice to play Nixon. They wanted Tom Hanks or Jack Nicholson — two of Stones original choices, the director briefly considered Gene Hackman, Robin Williams, Gary Oldman and Tommy Lee Jones. Stone met with Warren Beatty but the actor wanted to make too many changes to the script, Stone cast Hopkins based on his performances in The Remains of the Day and Shadowlands. Of Hopkins, Stone said, The isolation of Tony is what struck me, I felt that was the quality that always marked Nixon. When the actor met the director he got the impression that Stone was one of the bad boys of American pop culture. What convinced Hopkins to ultimately take on the role and impersonate the soul of Nixon were the scenes in the film when he talks about his mother and father. Joan Allen as Pat Nixon When Beatty was thinking about doing the film, he insisted on doing a reading of the script with an actress, afterwards, Beatty told Stone that he had found his Pat Nixon. The character may be a reference to Nixons meetings with Clint Murchison, Sr. although he also illuminates Nixons relationships with Howard Hughes, H. L. Hunt and other entrepreneurs. Originally, Oliver Stone had been developing two projects — the musical Evita and a movie about Panamanian dictator Manuel Noriega, when they both did not get made, Stone turned his attention to a biopic about Richard Nixon
13.
Enemy at the Gates
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Enemy at the Gates is a 2001 American-French war film written and directed by Jean-Jacques Annaud. The films title is taken from William Craigs nonfiction book Enemy at the Gates, The Battle for Stalingrad, the films main character is a fictionalized version of sniper Vasily Zaytsev, a Hero of the Soviet Union during World War II. It includes a snipers duel between Zaytsev and a Wehrmacht sniper school director, Major Erwin König, nikita Khrushchev arrives in Stalingrad to coordinate the citys defences and demands ideas to improve morale. Vasily is transferred to the division, and he and Danilov become friends. They also both become interested in Tania Chernova, a citizen of Stalingrad who has become a private in the local militia. Danilov has her transferred to an intelligence unit away from the battlefield, with the Soviet snipers taking an increasing toll on the German forces, German Major Erwin König is deployed to Stalingrad to take out Vasily and thus crush Soviet morale. A renowned marksman and head of the German Army sniper school at Zossen, he lures Vasily into a trap, when the Red Army command learns of Königs mission, they dispatch Königs former student Koulikov to help Vasily kill him. König, however, outmaneuvers Koulikov and kills him with a very skillful shot, Khrushchev pressures Danilov to bring the sniper standoff to a conclusion. Sacha, a young Soviet boy, volunteers to act as an agent by passing König false information about Vasilys whereabouts. Vasily sets a trap for König and manages to wound him, the German command takes the log as evidence of Vasilys death and plans to send König home, but König does not believe Vasily is dead. The commanding German general takes Königs dog tags to prevent Russian propaganda from profiting if König is killed, König tells Sasha where König will be next, suspecting that the boy will tell Vasily. Tania and Vasily have meanwhile fallen in love and have sex in the Russian barracks at night, the jealous Danilov disparages Vasily in a letter to his superiors. König spots Tania and Vasily waiting for him at his next ambush spot and he then kills the boy and hangs his body off a pole to bait Vasily. Vasily vows to kill König, and sends Tania and Danilov to evacuate Sashas mother from the city, thinking she is dead, Danilov regrets his jealousy of Vasily and expresses disenchantment for his previous ardency of the Communist cause. Finding Vasily waiting to ambush König, Danilov intentionally exposes himself in order to provoke König into shooting him, thinking that he has killed Vasily, König goes to inspect the body, but realizes too late that he has fallen into a trap and is in Vasilys sights. He turns to face Vasily and takes off his hat, after which Vasily kills him, two months later, after Stalingrad has been liberated and the German forces have surrendered, Vasily finds Tania recovering in a field hospital. Vasily Zaitsev was a sergeant of the 2nd Battalion, 1047th Rifle Regiment. Historian Antony Beevor suggests in his non-fiction book Stalingrad that, while Zaitsev was a real person, although William Craigs book Enemy at the Gates, The Battle for Stalingrad includes a snipers duel between Zaitsev and König, the sequence of events in the film is fictional
14.
Mrs Henderson Presents
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Mrs Henderson Presents is a 2005 British biographical film written by American playwright Martin Sherman and directed by Stephen Frears. It stars Judi Dench, Bob Hoskins, Kelly Reilly, the film tells the true story of Laura Henderson, an eccentric British socialite who invested her money to create the Windmill Theatre in London during World War II. The film is based on the story of the Windmill Theatre in London. Eccentric 70-year-old widow Mrs Laura Henderson purchases it as a post-widowhood hobby, in 1937, they start a continuous variety revue called Revudeville, but after other theatres in London copy this innovation, they begin losing money. Mrs Henderson suggests they add female nudity, similar to the Moulin Rouge in Paris, the Lord Chamberlain reluctantly allows this under the condition that the nude performers remain immobile, so the performances can be considered art, the equivalent of nude statues in museums. Because the theatres auditorium is below street level it is safe during the bombing of London. Maureen, one of the cast, becomes involved at Mrs Hendersons instigation with a young soldier, Maureen becomes pregnant, is very upset about how it will affect her life, and hands in her notice. However, before the issue can be resolved, she is killed by a bomb while leaving the theatre, other scenes depict life in the theatre during the period. Mrs Henderson and Mr Van Damm frequently clash and squabble, eventually, the authorities want the theatre to close because of the danger of crowds gathering in the street outside the theatre. However, Mrs Henderson successfully argues, for going to die in the war this is their last chance. She reflects on the death of her son in the First World War, the films closing credits explain that, on her death in 1944, Mrs Henderson bequeathed the theatre to Mr Van Damm. According to Rotten Tomatoes, 67% of the critics gave the film a positive review out of 138 reviews, the Web site Future Movies described the film as very funny, sweet and charming. Roger Ebert reacted fairly positively to the film, saying Mrs Henderson Presents is not great cinema, and neither was the Windmill great theater, but they both put on a good show. In June 2014, it was first revealed by producer John Reid that an adaption of the film was in the works. On 16 October 2014, the musical was officially confirmed and it was announced that the show would receive its premiere in summer 2015. Music by George Fenton and Simon Chamberlain and lyrics by Don Black, the shows premiere production began previews at the Theatre Royal in Bath, on 15 August 2015, with its official opening night coming on 26 August, for a limited run until 25 September 2015. Rehearsals began on 7 July 2015, on 6 March 2015, initial casting was announced with the news that Janie Dee would play the role of Laura Henderson with Emma Williams playing Maureen. Further notable casting included Ian Bartholomew as Vivian Van Damm and Mark Hadfield as Arthur
15.
A Christmas Carol (2009 film)
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Disneys A Christmas Carol is a 2009 American 3D computer animated motion-capture fantasy film written and directed by Robert Zemeckis. The film also features supporting roles done by Gary Oldman, Colin Firth, Bob Hoskins, Robin Wright Penn, the film received mixed reviews from American film critics, who praised its visuals and the performances of Carrey and Oldman but criticized its dark tone. It was a decent financial success, earning $325.3 million on a $175–200 million budget, the 3D film was produced through the process of motion capture, a technique Zemeckis previously used in his films The Polar Express, and Beowulf. A Christmas Carol began filming in February 2008 and was released on November 3,2009 and it received its world premiere in London, coinciding with the switching on of the annual Oxford Street and Regent Street Christmas lights, which in 2009 had a Dickens theme. The film was released in Disney Digital 3-D and IMAX 3-D and it is also Disneys third film retelling of A Christmas Carol following 1983s Mickeys Christmas Carol and 1992s The Muppet Christmas Carol. On Christmas Eve in 19th century London, Ebenezer Scrooge, an old moneylender at a London counting house. He declines his cheerful nephew Fred Holywells invitation to a Christmas dinner party and his loyal employee Bob Cratchit asks Scrooge to allow him to have Christmas off since there will be no business for Scrooge during the day. He informs Scrooge that three spirits will visit him, at one oclock, Scrooge is visited by the candle-like Ghost of Christmas Past, who takes him back in time to his early life. They visit Scrooges boarding school and Scrooge sees his sister Fanie, Scrooge later begins a successful career in business and money lending as an employee under Fezziwig, and he becomes engaged to a woman named Belle. However, the Ghost shows Scrooge how Belle left him when he chose his wealth over her, a devastated Scrooge extinguishes the spirit with its candle snuffer cap as he is rocketed back to the present. At two oclock, Scrooge meets the merry Ghost of Christmas Present, which shows Scrooge the joys, Scrooge and the Ghost visit Bobs house, learning his family is content with their small dinner, Scrooge taking pity on Bobs ill son Tiny Tim. The Ghost abruptly ages, commenting that Tiny Tim will likely not survive until next Christmas, the Ghost of Christmas Yet to Come arrives, appearing as a silent, cloaked shadow, and takes Scrooge into the future. The spirit transports Scrooge to Bobs residence where he learns Tiny Tim had died, the Ghost escorts Scrooge to a cemetery, where the Ghost points out his own grave, confirming Scrooge was the man who died. Realizing this, Scrooge promises to change his ways just as the Ghost forces Scrooge to fall into his empty coffin sitting in a deep grave atop the fires of Hell. The following day, he gives Cratchit a raise and becomes like a father to Tiny Tim. A changed man, Scrooge now treats everyone with kindness, generosity, jim Carrey as, Ebenezer Scrooge, a stingy, selfish old man, whose sheer miserly nature leads him to despise Christmas and all things which engender happiness. Ghost of Christmas Past, the first of the three spirits that haunt Scrooge in order to him to repent. He is depicted as a man with a flickering flame for a head
16.
Made in Dagenham
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Made in Dagenham is a 2010 British film directed by Nigel Cole. The film stars Sally Hawkins, Bob Hoskins, Miranda Richardson, Geraldine James, Rosamund Pike, Andrea Riseborough, Jaime Winstone, Daniel Mays and it dramatises the Ford sewing machinists strike of 1968 that aimed for equal pay for women. The films theme song, with lyrics by Billy Bragg, is performed by Sandie Shaw, herself a native of the area, a stage musical version of the film opened at Londons Adelphi theatre in 2014. Based on a story, Made in Dagenham explores the movement that caused a significant law reform. Rita OGrady leads the 1968 Ford sewing machinists strike at the Ford Dagenham plant, the strike is successful and leads to the Equal Pay Act 1970. Mardyke estate Of 122 Rotten Tomatoes reviews, 80% rated the film fresh, macleans, in a review for the films 2010 Toronto International Film Festival premiere, called it a. combination of Milk and Mad Men. It’s a film that blatantly condemns sexism and shows, despite its mostly light tone, xan Brooks of The Guardian gave it three stars out of five, calling it. Uncomplicated fare, overly spiced with 60s cliches, but the film is also robustItalic text, amiable and so warm-hearted youd be a churl to take against it. Roger Ebert gave the three and a half stars out of four. While David Cox, also of The Guardian, gave a glowing review, suggesting that. A promising opportunity has been squandered, mark Kermode praised the film highly on his weekly show on BBC Radio 5 Live. He ranked it as his favourite film of 2010, beating such films as The Social Network. Made in Dagenham was nominated for four awards at the 2010 British Academy Film Awards, Outstanding British Film, Costume Design, Make Up & Hair Design and Supporting Actress. A soundtrack for the film was released, with the tracks, The title song was written by David Arnold. A musical adaption of the film opened on 5 November 2014, scripted by Richard Bean, and directed by Rupert Goold, it starred Gemma Arterton in the lead role
17.
Snow White and the Huntsman
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Snow White and the Huntsman is a 2012 American dark fantasy film based on the German fairy tale Snow White compiled by the Brothers Grimm. In the films retelling of the tale, Snow White grows up imprisoned by her stepmother, Queen Ravenna. After Snow White escapes into the forest, Ravenna tells Eric, after the Huntsman shifts his loyalty to Snow White, Ravenna disguises herself as William and tempts Snow White into eating a poisoned apple. The film is the debut of Rupert Sanders, and was written by Evan Daugherty, John Lee Hancock. The film received two Academy Award nominations for Best Visual Effects and Best Costume Design at the 85th Academy Awards and it was a success at the box office, earning $396.6 million worldwide against a $170 million budget. While admiring a rose blooming in the winter, Queen Eleanor of the kingdom of Tabor pricks her finger on one of its thorns, Queen Eleanor gives birth to her daughter Snow White, but soon after falls ill and dies. After her death, Snow Whites father, King Magnus, upon rescuing their prisoner Ravenna, he becomes enchanted with her beauty and marries her. Ravenna, is in fact a powerful sorceress and the Dark Armys master, on their wedding night, Magnus, enchanted, throws Ravenna into the bed and proceeds to make love. Ravenna confesses there was a king much like Magnus that spoiled her, during foreplay, she declares she cannot be a weak queen and kills Magnus. Queen Ravenna orders Finn to bring her Snow Whites heart, but she escapes into the Dark Forest, Queen Ravenna makes a bargain with Eric the Huntsman, a widower and drunkard, to capture Snow White, promising to bring his wife back to life in exchange. The Huntsman tracks down Snow White, but when Finn reveals that Queen Ravenna does not actually have the power to do what she promised, when the Huntsman catches up with her, she promises him gold if he will escort her to Duke Hammonds castle. Meanwhile, Finn gathers another band of men to find her, William leaves the castle on his own to find her, joining Finns band as a bowman. The Huntsman and Snow White leave the Dark Forest, where she saves his life by charming a huge troll that attacks them, while there, the Huntsman learns Snow Whites true identity, and initially leaves her in the care of the women. He soon returns when he sees the village being burned down by Finns men, Snow White and the Huntsman evade them and eventually meet a band of eight dwarves named Beith, Muir, Quert, Coll, Duir, Gort, Nion, and Gus. The blind Muir perceives that Snow White is the daughter of the king. The Huntsman battles Finn and eventually kills him, and William reveals himself, however, Gus is killed when he sacrifices himself to take an arrow meant for Snow White. William joins the group which continues the journey to Hammonds castle, halfway to Duke Hammonds castle, Queen Ravenna disguises herself as William and tempts Snow White into eating a poisoned apple, but is forced to flee when the Huntsman and William discover her. William kisses Snow White, whom he believes to be dead and she is taken to Hammonds castle
18.
Cannes Film Festival
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Founded in 1946, the invitation-only festival is held annually at the Palais des Festivals et des Congrès. On 1 July 2014, co-founder and former head of French pay-TV operator Canal+ Pierre Lescure took over as President of the festival, the Board of Directors also appointed Gilles Jacob as Honorary President of the festival. The 2016 Cannes Film Festival took place between 11 and 22 May 2016, australian film director George Miller was the President of the Jury. I, Daniel Blake, directed by British director Ken Loach, in 2017, The Festival de Cannes will celebrate its 70th anniversary edition from May 17 to 28. In 1947, the festival was held as the Festival du film de Cannes, at that time the principle of equality was introduced, with a jury made up of only one representative per country. The festival is now held at the Palais des Festivals, expressly constructed for the occasion, although for its 1949 inaugural the roof was unfinished, the festival was not held in 1948 and 1950 on account of budgetary problems. Although its origins may be attributed in part to the French desire to compete with Autumns Venice Film Festival, in 1955, the Palme dOr was created, replacing the Grand Prix du Festival which had been given until that year. In 1957, Dolores del Rio was the first female member of the jury as a Sélection officielle – Member, in 1959, the Marché du Film was founded, giving the festival a commercial character and facilitating exchanges between sellers and buyers in the film industry. Today it has become the first international platform for film commerce, in 1962, the International Critics Week was born, created by the French Union of Film Critics as the first parallel section of the Cannes Film Festival. Its goal was to showcase first and second works by directors all over the world. In 1965, an hommage was paid to Jean Cocteau after his death, the next year, Olivia de Havilland was named the first female president of the festival. The 1968 festival was halted on 19 May, some directors, such as Carlos Saura and Miloš Forman, had withdrawn their films from the competition. The filmmakers achieved the reinstatement of the President, and they founded the Film Directors Society that same year, during the 1970s, important changes occurred in the Festival. In 1972, Robert Favre Le Bret was named the new President and he immediately introduced an important change in the selection of the participating films. Until that date, the different countries chose which films would represent them in the festival, Bessy created one committee to select French films, and another for foreign films. In 1978, Gilles Jacob assumed the President position, introducing the Caméra dOr award, in 1983, a new, much bigger Palais des Festivals et des Congrès was built to host the Festival. It was nicknamed The Bunker and provoked many reactions against it, in 1984, Pierre Viot replaced Robert Favre Le Bret as President of the Festival. It was not until 1995 that Gilles Jacob created the last section of the Official Selection and its aim was to support the creation of works of cinema in the world and to contribute to the entry of the new scenario writers in the circle of the celebrities
19.
Academy Award for Best Actor
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The Academy Award for Best Actor is an award presented annually by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. It is given in honor of an actor who has delivered a performance in a leading role while working within the film industry. The 1st Academy Awards ceremony was held in 1929 with Emil Jannings receiving the award for his roles in The Last Command and The Way of All Flesh. Currently, nominees are determined by single transferable vote within the branch of AMPAS. In the first three years of the awards, actors were nominated as the best in their categories, at that time, all of their work during the qualifying period was listed after the award. The following year, this unwieldy and confusing system was replaced by the current system in which an actor is nominated for a performance in a single film. Starting with the 9th ceremony held in 1937, the category was officially limited to five nominations per year, since its inception, the award has been given to 79 actors. Daniel Day-Lewis has received the most awards in this category with three Oscars, spencer Tracy and Laurence Olivier were nominated on nine occasions, more than any other actor. As of the 2017 ceremony, Casey Affleck is the most recent winner in category for his role as Lee Chandler in Manchester by the Sea. In the following table, the years are listed as per Academy convention, and generally correspond to the year of release in Los Angeles County. For the first five ceremonies, the eligibility period spanned twelve months from August 1 to July 31, for the 6th ceremony held in 1934, the eligibility period lasted from August 1,1932 to December 31,1933
20.
International Emmy Award for Best Actor
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The International Emmy Award for Best Performance by an Actor is a category of the International Emmy Awards, held since 2005 and which awards actors outside the United States. The first actor awarded the International Emmy was Frenchman Thierry Frémont for her performance in the television movie Dans la tête du tueur, in 2006, the British Ray Winstone was awarded the statuette for his role as Vincent Gallagher in Vincent, an ITV drama seriesseries. At the 2007 awards ceremony, the British Jim Broadbent won the award with the Dutch Pierre Bokma, David Suchet won the Emmy in 2008 for his performance as Robert Maxwell in Maxwell, a telefilm directed by Colin Barr. In 2009, Ben Whishaw was awarded for his role in Criminal Justice, in 2010, the award winning Bob Hoskins won the International Emmy for his performance in The Street, a British television drama series created by Jimmy McGovern and directed by David Blair. This was the work of Hoskins on TV. Christopher Eccleston won the award the year for his role in Accused. In 2012, Darío Grandinetti became the first actor in Latin America awarded an Emmy Award, sean Bean won in 2013 for his work in BBC One drama series Accused. In 2014, Stephen Dillane wins for his role as a veteran British detective in the Anglo-French crime drama The Tunnel, in 2016, Dustin Hoffman snagged the best actor award for playing Mr. Hoppy in the BBCs Roald Dahls Esio Trot, an adaptation of the Dahl novel. Best Performance by an Actor, A male individual’s performance in a fiction program. Only performances from a program entered into the competition are eligible, the same performer may be submitted for different productions, as separate submissions. More than one male performance from the production may be submitted. The performer must appear in at least 10% of the running time of the submitted episode in order to be eligible. If the performance is part of a series, only one episode that had its first broadcast within the eligibility dates listed in Section I - Eligibility,2013 Emmy Awards International Emmy Awards
21.
The Street (UK TV series)
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The Street is a British television drama series created by Jimmy McGovern and produced by Granada Television for the BBC. The Street won both the British Academy Television Award for Best Drama Series and RTS Television Award for Drama Series twice and it also won two International Emmy Awards in November 2007 for Best Drama and Best Actor. The second series was nominated for the Best Drama prize at the 2008 Rose dOr ceremony, though it did not win, it received Special Mention from the jury. In November 2010, the series won the International Emmy Award for Best Drama. The third series airing on 13 July 2009 and concluded on 17 August 2009. This was the series to be made due to cutbacks at ITV Studios in Manchester. The McEvoys are the family to appear in more than one series, with Timothy Spall. The Street was critically applauded during its three-year run, TV critic Nancy-Banks Smith writing for The Guardian praised The Promise episode from Series 2, Everyone involved seems to have appreciated the little gem they had here. Jodhi May, acting half the time only half her face, was almost too powerful for peace of mind. I wouldnt say it was plausible, the Street at the Internet Movie Database The Street at TV. com
22.
Bookkeeping
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Bookkeeping is the recording of financial transactions, and is part of the process of accounting in business. Transactions include purchases, sales, receipts, and payments by a person or an organization/corporation. Bookkeeping is usually performed by a bookkeeper, a bookkeeper is a person who records the day-to-day financial transactions of a business. He or she is responsible for writing the daybooks, which contain records of purchases, sales, receipts. The bookkeeper brings the books to the trial stage, an accountant may prepare the income statement and balance sheet using the trial balance. The origin of book-keeping is lost in obscurity, but recent researches would appear to show that some method of keeping accounts has existed from the remotest times. Babylonian records have been found dating back as far as 2600 B. C. written with a stylus on small slabs of clay, the term waste book was used in colonial America referring to bookkeeping. The purpose was to document daily transactions including receipts and expenditures and this was recorded in chronological order, and the purpose was for temporary use only. The daily transactions would then be recorded in a daybook or account ledger in order to balance the accounts, the name waste book comes from the fact that once the waste books data were transferred to the actual journal, the waste book could be discarded. The bookkeeping process primarily records the effects of transactions. The difference between a manual and any electronic accounting system results from the formers latency between the recording of a transaction and its posting in the relevant account. In the normal course of business, a document is produced each time a transaction occurs, Sales and purchases usually have invoices or receipts. Deposit slips are produced when lodgements are made to a bank account, checks are written to pay money out of the account. Bookkeeping first involves recording the details of all of these documents into multi-column journals. For example, all sales are recorded in the sales journal. Each column in a journal normally corresponds to an account, in the single entry system, each transaction is recorded only once. Most individuals who balance their check-book each month are using such a system, after a certain period, typically a month, each column in each journal is totalled to give a summary for that period. Using the rules of double-entry, these summaries are then transferred to their respective accounts in the ledger
23.
Truck driver
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A truck driver is a person who earns a living as the driver of a truck. Truck drivers are responsible for inspecting all their vehicles for mechanical items or issues relating to safe operation. Others, such as workers, are also responsible for sales. There are also ones that lease a truck from a company, company drivers are employees of a particular trucking company and drive trucks provided by their employer. Both owner operators/owner driver and company drivers can be in these categories, auto haulers work hauling cars on specially built trailers and require specific skills loading and operating this type of specialized trailer. Boat haulers work moving boats ranging in size from 10-foot-long bass boats to full-size yachts up to 60 ft long using a low boy trailer that can be set up for each size of boat. Boats wider than 8 feet 6 inches wide or 13 feet 6 inches high have to have a permit to move and are an oversize load, dry van drivers haul the majority of goods over highways in large trailers. Contents may be perishable or non perishable goods, dry bulk pneumatic drivers haul bulk sand, salt, and cement, among other things. They have specialized trailers that allow them to use pressurized air to unload their product, - Commonly known as Flow Boys among truckers. Flat bed drivers haul an assortment of large bulky items, a few examples are tanks, steel pipes and lumber. Drivers require the ability to balance the load correctly, reefer drivers haul refrigerated, temperature sensitive or frozen goods. Local drivers work only within the limits of their local areas and these areas may include crossing state lines, but drivers usually return home daily. Household goods drivers, or bedbuggers, haul personal effects for families who are moving from one home to another, Regional drivers may work over several states near their homes. They may be away from home for short periods, Interstate drivers often cover distances of thousands of miles and are away from home for days, weeks or even months on end. For time critical loads, companies may opt to employ team drivers which can cover more miles than a single driver. Team drivers are two drivers who take turns driving the truck in shifts, or several people in different states that split up the haul to keep from being away from home for such long periods. Tanker drivers haul liquids, such as gasoline, diesel fuel, milk, & crude oil, liquid tanker drivers need special driving skills due to the load balance changing from the liquid movement. This is especially true for food grade tankers, which do not contain any baffles and are a single compartment, also fuel oil/petroleum drivers require special certifications
24.
Romani people
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The Romani are widely known among English-speaking people by the exonym Gypsies, which some people consider pejorative due to its connotations of illegality and irregularity. Romani are dispersed, with their populations in Europe – especially Central, Eastern and Southern Europe including Turkey, Spain. Since the 19th century, some Romani have also migrated to the Americas, there are an estimated one million Roma in the United States, and 800,000 in Brazil, most of whose ancestors emigrated in the nineteenth century from eastern Europe. Brazil also includes some Romani descended from people deported by the government of Portugal during the Inquisition in the colonial era, in migrations since the late nineteenth century, Romani have also moved to other countries in South America and to Canada. In February 2016, during the International Roma Conference, the Indian Minister of External Affairs stated that the people of the Roma community were children of India. The conference ended with a recommendation to the Government of India to recognize the Roma community spread across 30 countries as a part of the Indian diaspora, the Romani language is divided into several dialects, which add up to an estimated number of speakers larger than two million. The total number of Romani people is at least twice as large, many Romani are native speakers of the language current in their country of residence, or of mixed languages combining the two, those varieties are sometimes called Para-Romani. French bohème, bohémien, from the Kingdom of Bohemia, whence they came, Rom means man or husband in the Romani, it has the variants dom and lom, related with the Sanskrit words dam-pati, dama, lom, lomaka loman, roman. Another possible origin is from Sanskrit डोम doma, Sanskrit सिनधु is a river or stream of water in general. In particular, it denotes the river Indus and the country around it, in the Romani language, Rom is a masculine noun, meaning man of the Roma ethnic group or man, husband, with the plural Roma. The feminine of Rom in the Romani language is Romni, however, in most cases, in other languages Rom is now used for people of all genders. Romani is the adjective, while Romano is the masculine adjective. Some Romanies use Rom or Roma as a name, while others do not use this term as a self-ascription for the entire ethnic group. Sometimes, rom and romani are spelled with a r, i. e. rrom. In this case rr is used to represent the phoneme /ʀ/, the rr spelling is common in certain institutions, or used in certain countries, e. g. Romania, to distinguish from the endonym/homonym for Romanians. In the English language, Rom is a noun and an adjective, while Romani is also a noun, both Rom and Romani have been in use in English since the 19th century as an alternative for Gypsy. Romani was initially spelled Rommany, then Romany, while today the Romani spelling is the most popular spelling, occasionally, the double r spelling mentioned above is also encountered in English texts. The term Roma is increasingly encountered during recent decades, as a term for the Romani people
25.
Finsbury Park, London
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For the nearby park of the same name, see Finsbury Park. Finsbury Park is an area in north London, England, which grew up around an important railway interchange near the borders of the London Boroughs of Islington, Haringey and Hackney. It is not to be confused with Finsbury, which is 3.3 miles farther south in the London Borough of Islington, although in some local contexts the name is shortened in this way. The area is centred on Finsbury Park station, a bus, rail. The surrounding area has a feel, as reflected by the wide variety of shops and establishments on Seven Sisters Road, Blackstock Road. The North London Central Mosque, which drew attention for extremist activity before a change in leadership in 2003, is located here, arsenal Football Clubs Emirates Stadium is nearby. Among other groups, Finsbury Park is home to a significant Irish community, for details of education in Finsbury Park, London see the London Boroughs of Hackney, Haringey and Islington articles. Lead singer of the Sex Pistols and Public Image Limited John Lydon, musician Graham Bond, a key figure in the English rhythm and blues boom of the 1960s, died at Finsbury Park station on 8 May 1974. Rapper Skinnyman grew up in Finsbury Park, actresses Margaret Barton, Kate Beckinsale, Minnie Driver, Emily Mortimer, Lily Loveless, Naomie Harris and Peta Toppano were born in Finsbury Park. Politician John Grant was born in Finsbury Park, photojournalist Don McCullin was born in Finsbury Park. Jeremy Corbyn, the Labour party leader and MP for Islington North, a blog for Finsbury Park N4
26.
GCE Ordinary Level
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The O Level is a subject-based qualification conferred as part of the General Certificate of Education. It was introduced as part of British educational reform alongside the more in-depth and academically rigorous A-level in England, Wales and those three jurisdictions replaced O Levels gradually with General Certificate of Secondary Education and International General Certificate of Secondary Education exams over time. The Scottish equivalent was the O-grade, both CIE and OCR have Cambridge Assessment as their parent organisation. The Cambridge O Level has already been phased out, however, in Bangladesh, the O Level qualification is offered, with examinations conducted by Cambridge International Examinations under the board of British Council. In Brunei, the O Level qualification is offered, with examinations conducted by Cambridge International Examinations, additionally, the Mathematics subject previously offered an exam paper and a syllabus unique to Brunei, but this has since been retired and the regular syllabus used worldwide is offered. This is equivalent to secondary education now, in India, Cambridge International Examinations GCE Ordinary Level qualifications are offered at private and international schools as an alternative to the conventional Indian School Certificate. In Malaysia, the O Level qualification is offered, with examinations conducted by Cambridge International Examinations, in Mauritius, the O Level qualification is awarded as part of the School Certificate, which is awarded upon successful completion of Form V in secondary school. The O Level examinations are conducted by the Mauritius Examinations Syndicate. A number of subjects, including English Language, English Language, History, Mathematics, Mathematics, offer exam papers, additionally, the subject of Art and Design, the offering of which is restricted to a limited geographic region, is available in Mauritius. The GCE O Level qualification is offered in Pakistan by the CIE, O Level qualification has become a replacement for the matriculation qualification offered by the Government boards of education. Due to the costs associated with O Level qualifications, their reach is limited to middle to elite class families. It is common knowledge that the CIE qualification are more rigorous than their alternatives that exist in the country, in 2011, Zohaib Asad achieved grade A in a record 28 O-level examinations when a student of the Beaconhouse School System. In Seychelles, the O Level qualification is offered, with examinations conducted by Cambridge International Examinations, some subjects are unique to Seychelles or have a format, curriculum, or syllabus that is unique to Seychelles. In Singapore, the O Level qualification is offered jointly by Cambridge International Examinations, a number of subjects previously offered exam papers and syllabuses unique to Singapore, but these have since been retired or planned to be phased out. After taking O-levels, some Singapore students go on to GCE Advanced Level exams, the GCE Ordinary Level qualification is offered by the British council of Sri Lanka School. Before, this qualification was offered by Cambridge International Examinations. The GCE Ordinary Level qualification is offered by the Zimbabwe School Examinations Council, before, this qualification was jointly offered by Cambridge International Examinations and the Ministry of Education in Zimbabwe. The O Level qualification was previously awarded in the Caribbean, the O Level qualification was previously awarded in Hong Kong, along with the Hong Kong version of the A Level qualification
27.
Porter (carrier)
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A porter, also called a bearer, is a person who carries objects or cargoes for others. The range of services conducted by porters is extensive, from shuttling luggage aboard a train to bearing heavy burdens at altitude in inclement weather on multi-month mountaineering expeditions. The use of humans to transport cargo dates to the ancient world, prior to domesticating animals, over time slavery diminished and technology advanced, but the role of porter for specialized transporting services remains strong in the 21st century. Examples include bellhops at hotels, redcaps at railway stations, skycaps at airports and this preparation can take months of work before the main expedition starts. Doing this involves numerous trips up and down the mountain, until the last and smallest supply deposit is planted shortly below the peak, when the route is prepared, either entirely or in stages ahead of the expedition, the main body follows. The last stage is often done without the porters, they remaining at the last camp, in many cases, since the porters are going ahead, they are forced to freeclimb, driving spikes and laying safety lines for the main expedition to use as they follow. Porters, are frequently local ethnic types, well adapted to living in the rarified atmosphere, a well known incident where porters attempted to rescue numerous stranded climbers, and often died as a result, is the 2008 K2 disaster. The word porter derives from the Latin portare, human adaptability and flexibility led to the early use of humans for transporting gear. Porters were commonly used as beasts of burden in the ancient world, the ancient Sumerians, for example, enslaved women to shift wool and flax. In the early Americas, where there were few native beasts of burden, in colonial times, some areas of the Andes employed porters called silleros to carry persons, particularly Europeans, as well as their luggage across the difficult mountain passes. Throughout the globe porters served, and in some areas continue to, as such littermen, porters are still paid to shift burdens in many third-world countries where motorized transport is impractical or unavailable, often alongside pack animals. The Sherpa people of Nepal are renowned as mountaineering porters, to the point their name is synonymous and their skill, knowledge of the mountains and local culture, and inborn ability to perform at altitude make them indispensable for the highest Himalayan expeditions. Porters at Indian railway stations are called coolies, a term for unskilled Asian labourer derived from the Chinese word for porter, certain trade-specific terms are used for forms of porters in North America, including bellhop, redcap, and skycap. The tactic immediately caught on, over time adapted by other forms of porters for their specialties, herinneringen aan Japan,1850 -1870, Fotos en Fotoalbums in Nederlands Bezit, pp. 106–107, repr. Beato, Felice, cited 21 June 2006
28.
Window cleaner
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Window cleaning, or window washing, is the cleaning of architectural glass used for structural, lighting, or decorative purposes. It can be manually, using a variety of tools for cleaning. Technology is also employed and increasingly, automation, commercial work is contracted variously from in-person transactions for cash or barter, to formal tender processes. Regulations, licensing, technique, equipment and compensation vary nationally and regionally, chamois is a basic method used to loosen and remove dirt, followed by a buffing with cheesecloth, or scrim. Generally, chemicals are added to water, and a such as a brush or cloth-covered handle is dipped into the resulting solution. A squeegee is used to sluice the dirt and water mixture from the glass. Chemicals added to the range from dish soap and glass cleaner to Trisodium Phosphate. In sub-freezing temperatures, anti-freezing chemicals are added to the solution to prevent it from crystallizing on the pane before it is sluiced off, the filtered water contains a TDS of less than 5 ppm. The brush is used to agitate the debris off the window, while spraying water, fan jets are used for hydrophobic glass, and pencil jets are used for hydrophilic glass. The de-ionized water is lacking in ions, so it will pull solids off the glass and dissolve the solids into the water, because there are no solids dissolved in the water, the windows dry clear without water spots. The longest poles are about 70 feet, and can reach up to six storeys, water-fed cleaning is also referred to as pure water cleaning. It is common in the UK and becoming common in the US, where glass is found are window cleaners, and methods of access and equipment related to both access and cleaning vary nationally and regionally. If a window is not easily accessible using one type of equipment then it is advisable to combine different tools to be able to clean it properly, ladders ranging in size from a single step to the extent of local regulations are used to access windows for cleaning purposes. Not to be confused with suspended scaffolding, these are temporary work platforms typically erected from a level to gain access at height. Aerial work platforms are variously configured and powered machines, designed to deliver workers to otherwise inaccessible areas, an example of one of these machines is the scissor lift, as it is known in Australia, along with cherry pickers and spiders. Not to be confused with supported scaffolding, devices designed for ascent and/or descent via wire rope by mechanical or manual means. Boatswains chair, A boatswains chair is a single-person seat designed for controlled descent of rope, often referred to as rope descent systems, these are typically anchored to a roof structure, counterweight configuration, or connecting points designed for the purpose. Note, These are always temporarily installed for the purpose of access, however, their anchor points can be either temporary or permanent
29.
Accounting
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Accounting or accountancy is the measurement, processing and communication of financial information about economic entities such as businesses and corporations. The modern field was established by the Italian mathematician Luca Pacioli in 1494, practitioners of accounting are known as accountants. The terms accounting and financial reporting are often used as synonyms, Accounting can be divided into several fields including financial accounting, management accounting, external auditing, and tax accounting. Accounting information systems are designed to support accounting functions and related activities, Accounting is facilitated by accounting organizations such as standard-setters, accounting firms and professional bodies. Financial statements are audited by accounting firms, and are prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. GAAP is set by various standard-setting organizations such as the Financial Accounting Standards Board in the United States, as of 2012, all major economies have plans to converge towards or adopt the International Financial Reporting Standards. The history of accounting is thousands of old and can be traced to ancient civilizations. By the time of the Emperor Augustus, the Roman government had access to detailed financial information, double-entry bookkeeping developed in medieval Europe, and accounting split into financial accounting and management accounting with the development of joint-stock companies. The first work on a double-entry bookkeeping system was published in Italy, both the words accounting and accountancy were in use in Great Britain by the mid-1800s, and are derived from the words accompting and accountantship used in the 18th century. In Middle English the verb to account had the form accounten, which was derived from the Old French word aconter, which is in turn related to the Vulgar Latin word computare, meaning to reckon. The base of computare is putare, which meant to prune, to purify, to correct an account, hence, to count or calculate. The word accountant is derived from the French word compter, which is derived from the Italian. Accountancy refers to the occupation or profession of an accountant, particularly in British English, Accounting has several subfields or subject areas, including financial accounting, management accounting, auditing, taxation and accounting information systems. Financial accounting focuses on the reporting of a financial information to external users of the information, such as investors. It calculates and records business transactions and prepares financial statements for the users in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. GAAP, in turn, arises from the agreement between accounting theory and practice, and change over time to meet the needs of decision-makers. This branch of accounting is also studied as part of the exams for qualifying as an actuary. It is interesting to note that two professionals, accountants and actuaries, have created a culture of being archrivals
30.
Kibbutz
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A kibbutz is a collective community in Israel that was traditionally based on agriculture. The first kibbutz, established in 1909, was Degania, today, farming has been partly supplanted by other economic branches, including industrial plants and high-tech enterprises. Kibbutzim began as utopian communities, a combination of socialism and Zionism, in recent decades, some kibbutzim have been privatized and changes have been made in the communal lifestyle. A member of a kibbutz is called a kibbutznik, in 2010, there were 270 kibbutzim in Israel. Their factories and farms account for 9% of Israels industrial output, worth US$8 billion, some Kibbutzim had also developed substantial high-tech and military industries. For example, in 2010, Kibbutz Sasa, containing some 200 members, the kibbutzim were founded by members of the Bilu movement who emigrated to Palestine. The first kibbutz was Degania Alef, founded in 1909, joseph Baratz, one of the pioneers of the kibbutz movement, wrote a book about his experiences. We were happy enough working on the land, but we knew more and more certainly that the ways of the old settlements were not for us. This was not the way we hoped to settle the old way with Jews on top and Arabs working for them, anyway, we thought that there shouldnt be employers. There must be a better way, though Baratz and others wanted to farm the land themselves, becoming independent farmers was not a realistic option in 1909. Ottoman Palestine was a harsh environment, the Galilee was swampy, the Judaean Mountains rocky, and the south of the country, the Negev, was a desert. To make things more challenging, most of the settlers had no farming experience. The sanitary conditions were also poor, malaria, typhus and cholera were rampant. Bedouins would raid farms and settled areas, sabotage of irrigation canals and burning of crops were also common. Living collectively was simply the most logical way to be secure in an unwelcoming land, finally, the land had been purchased by the greater Jewish community. From around the world, Jews dropped coins into Jewish National Fund Blue Boxes for land purchases in Palestine, in 1909, Baratz, nine other men, and two women established themselves at the southern end of the Sea of Galilee near the Arab village of Umm Juni/Juniya. These teenagers had hitherto worked as day laborers converting wetlands for human development, as masons and their dream was now to work for themselves, building up the land. They called their community Kvutzat Degania, now Degania Alef, the founders of Degania endured backbreaking labor, The body is crushed, the legs fail, the head hurts, the sun burns and weakens, wrote one of the pioneers
31.
Bedouin
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The term contrasts against Hathar which refers to the city or town dwellers in the Arabic language. Bedouin means Badiyah dwellers in the Arabic language, as Badyah means literally the visible land, the Bedouins identify themselves as Arabs or by the names of their tribes. City dwellers in Arabia who descended from known tribes refer to themselves as Bedouins to recognize their origin to Arabia. Bedouin territory stretches from the vast deserts of North Africa to the sands of the Middle East. They are traditionally divided into tribes, or clans and share a culture of herding camels. The Bedouin form a part of, but are not synonymous with, Bedouins have been referred to by various names throughout history, including Qedarites in the Old Testament and Arabaa by the Assyrians. They are referred to as the Araab in the Koran, traditions like camel riding and camping in the deserts are also popular leisure activities for urbanised Bedouins who live within close proximity to deserts or other wilderness areas. The term Bedouin derives from a form of the Arabic word badu. The Arabic term badu literally translates in Arabic as Badiyah dwellers, the word bādiyah means visible land such as plain or desert. The term Bedouin therefore means those in bādiyah or those in the desert, in English usage, however, the form Bedouin is commonly used for the singular term, the plural being Bedouins, as indicated by the Oxford English Dictionary, second edition. The term Bedouin also uses the root word as the Arabic noun for the beginning, بداية. The Arabs believe the Bedouins to be the predecessors to the settled Arabs, disputes are settled, interests are pursued, and justice and order are maintained by means of this frame, according to an ethic of self-help and collective responsibility. The individual family unit typically consisted of three or four adults and any number of children, when resources were plentiful, several tents would travel together as a goum. These groups were linked by patriarchal lineage, but were just as likely linked by marriage, acquaintance, or no clearly defined relation. The next scale of interaction within groups was the ibn ʿamm or descent group, whilst the phrase descent group suggests purely a lineage-based arrangement, in reality these groups were fluid and adapted their genealogies to take in new members. The largest scale of tribal interactions is the tribe as a whole, the tribe often claims descent from one common ancestor—as mentioned above. The tribal level is the level that mediated between the Bedouin and the governments and organizations. Distinct structure of the Bedouin society leads to lasting rivalries between different clans
32.
Stoke-on-Trent
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Stoke-on-Trent is a city and unitary authority area in Staffordshire, England, with an area of 36 square miles. Together with the boroughs of Newcastle-under-Lyme and Staffordshire Moorlands, it is part of North Staffordshire. Stoke is polycentric, having formed by a federation of six towns in the early 20th century. It took its name from Stoke-upon-Trent, where the town hall, Hanley is the primary commercial centre. The four other towns are Burslem, Tunstall, Longton and Fenton, Stoke-on-Trent is the home of the pottery industry in England and is commonly known as the Potteries. Formerly a primarily industrial conurbation, it is now a centre for service industries, the name Stoke is taken from the town of Stoke-upon-Trent, the original ancient parish, with other settlements being chapelries. Stoke derives from the Old English stoc, a word that at first meant little more than place and these variant meanings included dairy farm, secondary or dependent place or farm, summer pasture, crossing place, meeting place and place of worship. It is not known which of these was intended here, because Stoke was such a common name for a settlement, some kind of distinguishing affix was usually added later, in this case the name of the river. The motto of Stoke-on-Trent is Vis Unita Fortior which can be translated as, United Strength is Stronger, or Strength United is the More Powerful and it was not until 1 April 1910 that the Six Towns were brought together. The county borough of Hanley, the boroughs of Burslem, Longton. The combined borough took the town of Stoke. In 1919, the borough proposed to further and annex the neighbouring borough of Newcastle-under-Lyme. This never took place, due to objections from Newcastle Corporation. A further attempt was made in 1930, with the promotion of the Stoke-on-Trent Extension Bill, ultimately, Wolstanton was instead added to Newcastle-under-Lyme in 1932. The borough was granted city status in 1925, with a Lord Mayor from 1928. The decision was overturned, however, when an approach was made to King George V. The public announcement of the elevation to city status was made by the King during a visit to Stoke on 4 June 1925, the county borough was abolished in 1974, and Stoke became a non-metropolitan district of Staffordshire. Its status as a unitary authority was restored on 1 April 1997, for Eurostat purposes it is a NUTS3 region
33.
Romeo and Juliet
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Romeo and Juliet is a tragedy written by William Shakespeare early in his career about two young star-crossed lovers whose deaths ultimately reconcile their feuding families. It was among Shakespeares most popular plays during his lifetime and along with Hamlet, is one of his most frequently performed plays, today, the title characters are regarded as archetypal young lovers. Romeo and Juliet belongs to a tradition of tragic romances stretching back to antiquity. The plot is based on an Italian tale translated into verse as The Tragical History of Romeus and Juliet by Arthur Brooke in 1562, Shakespeare borrowed heavily from both but expanded the plot by developing a number of supporting characters, particularly Mercutio and Paris. Believed to have written between 1591 and 1595, the play was first published in a quarto version in 1597. The text of the first quarto version was of quality, however. Shakespeares use of his dramatic structure has been praised as an early sign of his dramatic skill. The play ascribes different poetic forms to different characters, sometimes changing the form as the character develops, Romeo, for example, grows more adept at the sonnet over the course of the play. Romeo and Juliet has been adapted numerous times for stage, film, musical, during the English Restoration, it was revived and heavily revised by William Davenant. David Garricks 18th-century version also modified several scenes, removing material then considered indecent, Performances in the 19th century, including Charlotte Cushmans, restored the original text and focused on greater realism. John Gielguds 1935 version kept very close to Shakespeares text and used Elizabethan costumes, the play, set in Verona, Italy, begins with a street brawl between Montague and Capulet servants who, like their masters, are sworn enemies. Prince Escalus of Verona intervenes and declares that further breach of the peace will be punishable by death, later, Count Paris talks to Capulet about marrying his daughter Juliet, but Capulet asks Paris to wait another two years and invites him to attend a planned Capulet ball. Lady Capulet and Juliets nurse try to persuade Juliet to accept Pariss courtship, meanwhile, Benvolio talks with his cousin Romeo, Montagues son, about Romeos recent depression. Benvolio discovers that it stems from unrequited infatuation for a girl named Rosaline, one of Capulets nieces, persuaded by Benvolio and Mercutio, Romeo attends the ball at the Capulet house in hopes of meeting Rosaline. However, Romeo instead meets and falls in love with Juliet, Juliets cousin, Tybalt, is enraged at Romeo for sneaking into the ball but is only stopped from killing Romeo by Juliets father, who does not wish to shed blood in his house. Romeo makes himself known to her and they agree to be married, with the help of Friar Laurence, who hopes to reconcile the two families through their childrens union, they are secretly married the next day. Tybalt, meanwhile, still incensed that Romeo had sneaked into the Capulet ball, Romeo, now considering Tybalt his kinsman, refuses to fight. Mercutio is offended by Tybalts insolence, as well as Romeos vile submission, Mercutio is fatally wounded when Romeo attempts to break up the fight
34.
Moving company
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A moving company, removalist or van line is a company that helps people and businesses move their goods from one place to another. It offers all services for relocations like packing, loading, moving, unloading, unpacking, arranging of items to be shifted. Additional services may include cleaning services for houses, offices or warehousing facilities, according to the U. S. Census Bureau,40 million United States citizens have moved annually over the last decade. Of those people who have moved in the United States,84. 5% of them have moved within their own state,12. 5% have moved to another state, and 2. 3% have moved to another country. In the United Kingdom and Australia, the price is based on the volume of the rather than their weight. Some movers may offer flat rate pricing, the use of truck rental services, or simply borrowing similar hardware, is referred to as DIY moving. Self-service moving companies offer another option, the person moving buys space on one or more trailers or shipping containers. These containers are then driven by professionals to the new location, nowadays moving companies provide transit insurance that covers the damages to moving objects. Moving scam Relocation service Structure relocation
35.
Dennis Potter
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Dennis Christopher George Potter was an English television dramatist, screenwriter and journalist. After standing for parliament as a Labour candidate at the 1964 general election and he initially worked in journalism before making the transition to television drama. His new career began with contributions to the BBCs Wednesday Play anthology series in 1965 and he is best known for his BBC TV serials Pennies from Heaven, The Singing Detective, and the television plays Blue Remembered Hills and Brimstone and Treacle. His television dramas mixed fantasy and reality, the personal and the social, Potter is widely regarded as one of the most influential and innovative dramatists to have worked in British television. Dennis Potter was born in Berry Hill, Forest of Dean and his father, Walter Edward Potter, was a coal miner in this rural mining area between Gloucester and Wales, his mother was Margaret Constance, née Wale. Potter has a sister named June, in 1946, Potter passed the eleven-plus and attended Bells Grammar School at Coleford. The ten-year-old Potter was sexually abused by his uncle, an experience he would later allude to many times in his writing. Why, why, why, the same desperately repeated question I asked myself without any sort of an answer, or any ability to tell my mother or my father, day, I was trapped by an adults sexual appetite and abused out of innocence. Between 1953 and 1955, Potter did his National Service and learnt Russian at the Joint Services School for Linguists, on 10 January 1959 he married at the Christchurch parish church Margaret Amy Morgan, a local girl he met at a dance. Potters first non-fiction work, The Glittering Coffin, was published by the Gollancz Press in 1960, the book was a rumination on the changing face of England in the prosperity following the end of the war years. It was followed by The Changing Forest, Life in the Forest of Dean Today and this book is a study of class and social mobility that demonstrates an early fascination with the effects of the mass media on British cultural life. Daily Herald journalist David Nathan persuaded Potter to collaborate with him on sketches for That Was The Week That Was and their first piece was used in the edition of 5 January 1963. Potter stood as the Labour Party candidate for Hertfordshire East, a safe Conservative Party seat, by the end of the unsuccessful campaign, he claimed that he was so disillusioned with party politics he did not even vote for himself. In 1962 Potter had begun to suffer from a form of psoriasis known as psoriatic arthropathy that affected his skin. It also made attempts to follow a career path futile. Potter embarked on work as a television playwright, Potters career as a television playwright began with The Confidence Course which Potter had begun as a novel. An exposé of the Dale Carnegie Institute, it drew threats of litigation from that organisation, although Potter effectively disowned the play, excluding it from his Whos Who entry, it used non-naturalistic dramatic devices which would become hallmarks of Potters subsequent work. The Confidence Course script was liked by Wednesday Play script editor Roger Smith who then commissioned Potter to write became the second Nigel Barton play for the new anthology series
36.
Iago
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Iago is a fictional character in Shakespeares Othello. Iago is the main antagonist, and Othellos standard bearer. He is the husband of Emilia, who is in turn the attendant of Othellos wife Desdemona, Iago hates Othello and devises a plan to destroy him by making him believe that his wife is having an affair with his lieutenant, Michael Cassio. The role is thought to have been first played by Robert Armin, the characters source is traced to Giovanni Battista Giraldi Cinthios tale Un Capitano Moro in Gli Hecatommithi. There, the character is simply the ensign, Cinthios tale may have been based on an actual incident occurring in Venice about 1508. While Shakespeare closely followed Cinthios tale in composing Othello, he departed from it in some details, in Cinthios tale, for example, the ensign suffers an unrequited lust for the Moors wife, Desdemona, which then drives his vengeance. Desdemona dies in a different manner in Cinthios tale, the Moor commissions his ensign to bludgeon her to death with a sand-filled stocking. The Moor misses his wife greatly, however, and comes to loathe the sight of his ensign and he demotes him, and refuses to have him in his company. The ensign then seeks revenge by disclosing to the squadron leader, the two men denounce the Moor to the Venetian Seignory. The Moor is arrested, transported from Cyprus to Venice, and tortured and he is condemned to exile, Desdemonas relatives eventually execute him. The ensign escapes any prosecution in Desdemonas death, but engages in other crimes and dies after being tortured, Iago is a soldier who has fought beside Othello for several years, and has become his trusted advisor. At the beginning of the play, Iago claims to have been passed over for promotion to the rank of Othellos lieutenant in favour of Michael Cassio. Iago plots to manipulate Othello into demoting Cassio, and thereafter to bring about the downfall of Othello himself. He has an ally, Roderigo, who assists him in his plans in the belief that after Othello is gone, Iago will help Roderigo earn the affection of Othellos wife. After Iago engineers a drunken brawl to ensure Cassio’s demotion, he sets to work on his second scheme and this plan occupies the final three acts of the play. He manipulates his wife Emilia, Desdemonas lady-in-waiting, into taking from Desdemona a handkerchief that Othello had given her, once Othello flies into a jealous rage, Iago tells him to hide and look on while he talks to Cassio. Iago then leads Othello to believe that a conversation about Cassios mistress. Mad with jealousy, Othello orders Iago to kill Cassio, promising to make him lieutenant in return, Iago then engineers a fight between Cassio and Roderigo in which the latter is killed, but the former merely wounded
37.
Jonathan Miller
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Sir Jonathan Wolfe Miller, CBE is an English theatre and opera director, actor, author, television presenter, humourist, and medical doctor. Miller began directing operas in the 1970s and has become one of the worlds leading opera directors with several classic productions to his credit. His best-known production is probably his 1982 Mafia-styled Rigoletto set in 1950s Little Italy, in its early days he was an associate director at the National Theatre and later ran the Old Vic Theatre. As a writer/presenter of more than a dozen BBC documentaries, he has become a television personality. Miller grew up in St Johns Wood, London, in a well-connected Jewish family and his father Emanuel, who suffered from severe rheumatoid arthritis, was a military psychiatrist, and subsequently a paediatric psychiatrist in Harley House. His mother Betty Miller was a novelist and biographer, Millers sister Sarah worked in television for many years and retained an involvement with Judaism that he, an atheist, has always eschewed. He was educated at Taunton School and St Pauls School, London where he developed an early interest in the biological sciences, while studying medicine, Miller was involved in the Cambridge Footlights, appearing in the revues Out of the Blue and Between the Lines. Miller helped to write and produce the musical revue Beyond the Fringe and this launched, in addition to his own, the careers of Alan Bennett, Peter Cook and Dudley Moore. Miller quit the show shortly after its move from London to Broadway in 1962, all these appointments were unsolicited invitations, the Monitor appointment arose because Miller had approached Huw Wheldon about taking up a place on the BBCs director training course. Wheldon assured him that he would pick it up as he went along, Millers first experience of directing a stage-play was for John Osborne, whose Under Plain Cover he directed in 1962. In 1964, he directed the play The Old Glory by the American poet Robert Lowell in New York City and it was the first play produced at the American Place Theatre and starred Frank Langella, Roscoe Lee Brown, and Lester Rawlins. The play won five Obie Awards in 1965 including an award for Best American Play as well as awards for Langella, Brown and he wrote, produced, and directed an adaptation for television of Alice in Wonderland for the BBC. He followed this with Whistle and Ill Come to You starring Michael Hordern, a adaptation of M. R. Jamess 1904 ghost story Oh, Whistle. By 1970, his reputation in British theatre was such that he mounted a National Theatre Company production of The Merchant of Venice starring Sir Laurence Olivier and he later resigned as associate director. Miller held a fellowship in the history of medicine at University College. In 1974, he started directing and producing operas for Kent Opera and Glyndebourne. Miller has become one of the leading opera directors with classic productions being Rigoletto. Miller drew upon his own experiences as a physician as writer and presenter of the BBC television series The Body in Question, for a time, he was a vice-president of the Campaign for Homosexual Equality
38.
BBC Television Shakespeare
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The BBC Television Shakespeare is a series of British television adaptations of the plays of William Shakespeare, created by Cedric Messina and broadcast by BBC Television. Transmitted in the UK from 3 December 1978 to 27 April 1985, development began in 1975 when Messina saw that the grounds of Glamis Castle would make a perfect location for an adaptation of Shakespeares As You Like It for the Play of the Month series. Upon returning to London, however, he had come to envision an entire series devoted exclusively to the works of Shakespeare. Experiencing financial, logistical and creative problems in the days of production. By the end of its run, the series had proved both a ratings and a financial success, several episodes are now held in high esteem, particularly some of the traditionally lesser known and less frequently staged plays. The complete set is a collection, and several episodes represent the only non-theatrical production of the particular play currently available on DVD. M. Barries The Little Minister for the BBCs Play of the Month series, during his time on set, Messina realised that the castle grounds would make a perfect location for an adaptation of Shakespeares As You Like It. Almost immediately upon pitching the idea to his colleagues, however and he had anticipated that everyone in the BBC would be excited about the concept, but this did not prove so. In particular, the Drama/Plays division felt the series could not possibly be a success without international sales. Writing several months into production, journalist Henry Fenwick wrote the project was gloriously British, however, despite this level of experience, they had never produced anything on the scale of the Shakespeare Series. Later that evening, the scene from Henry V was broadcast, directed by George More OFerrall. 1937 also saw the broadcast of the scene from Richard III, directed by Stephen Thomas. The following year saw the first feature length made-for-TV production, The Tempest, also directed by Bower, the vast majority of these transmissions were broadcast live, and they came to an end with the onset of war in 1939. After the war, Shakespearean adaptations were screened much less frequently, in 1947, for example, OFerrall directed a two-part adaptation of Hamlet, starring John Byron as Hamlet, Sebastian Shaw as Claudius and Margaret Rawlings as Gertrude. There were also four multi-part made-for-TV Shakespearean adaptations shown during the 1950s and 1960s, the first was The Life and Death of Sir John Falstaff. Produced and directed by Ronald Eyre, and starring Roger Livesey as Falstaff, the second was An Age of Kings. Produced by Peter Dews and directed by Michael Hayes, the show comprised fifteen episodes between sixty and eighty minutes each, which adapted all eight of Shakespeares sequential history plays, the third was The Spread of the Eagle, directed and produced by Dews. Featuring nine sixty-minute episodes, the series adapted the Roman plays, in order of the real life events depicted, Coriolanus, Julius Caesar and Antony
39.
Othello
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Othello is a tragedy by William Shakespeare, believed to have been written in 1603. It is based on the story Un Capitano Moro by Cinthio, Roderigo is upset because he loves Desdemona and had asked her father for her hand in marriage. Iago hates Othello for promoting a younger man named Cassio above him, whom Iago considers less capable a soldier than himself, Iago convinces Roderigo to wake Brabantio and tell him about his daughters elopement. Meanwhile, Iago sneaks away to find Othello and warns him that Brabantio is coming for him. Brabantio, provoked by Roderigo, is enraged and will not rest until he has beheaded Othello, but he finds Othellos residence full of the Duke of Venices guards, who prevent violence. News has arrived in Venice that the Turks are going to attack Cyprus, Brabantio has no option but to accompany Othello to the Dukes residence, where he accuses Othello of seducing Desdemona by witchcraft. Othello defends himself before the Duke of Venice, Brabantios kinsmen Lodovico and Gratiano, Othello explains that Desdemona became enamoured of him for the sad and compelling stories he told of his life before Venice, not because of any witchcraft. Iago, still in the room, takes note of Brabantios remark, the party arrives in Cyprus to find that a storm has destroyed the Turkish fleet. Othello orders a celebration and leaves to consummate his marriage with Desdemona. In his absence, Iago gets Cassio drunk, and then persuades Roderigo to draw Cassio into a fight, Montano tries to calm an angry and drunk Cassio down, but end up fighting one another. Montano is injured in the fight, Othello reenters and questions the men as to what happened. Othello blames Cassio for the disturbance and strips him of his rank, Iago persuades Cassio to importune Desdemona to convince her husband to reinstate Cassio. Iago now persuades Othello to be suspicious of Cassio and Desdemona, when Desdemona drops a handkerchief, Emilia finds it, and gives it to her husband Iago, at his request, unaware of what he plans to do with it. Othello reenters and vows with Iago for the death of Desdemona and Cassio, after which he makes Iago his lieutenant. Act III, scene iii, is considered to be the point of the play as it is the scene in which Iago successfully sows the seeds of doubt in Othellos mind. Iago plants the handkerchief in Cassios lodgings, then tells Othello to watch Cassios reactions while Iago questions him. Iago goads Cassio on to talk about his affair with Bianca, a local courtesan, later, Bianca accuses Cassio of giving her a second-hand gift which he had received from another lover. Othello sees this, and Iago convinces him that Cassio received the handkerchief from Desdemona, enraged and hurt, Othello resolves to kill his wife and asks Iago to kill Cassio
