1.
Alfa Romeo 147
–
The Alfa Romeo 147 is a small family car produced by the Italian automaker Alfa Romeo from 2000 to 2010. The 147 was voted European Car of the Year in 2001, the 147 was launched at the 2000 Turin Motor Show as a replacement for the Alfa Romeo 145 and 146 hatchbacks, and is based on the running gear of the larger 156 saloon. It was sold with 1.6,2.0, and 3. 2-litre petrol engines, a sequential, paddle operated Selespeed transmission was available from launch. Two trim levels were available, Turismo and Lusso, the 147 was the first Alfa Romeo to have dual-zone climate control and electronic traction control. The model was in production for 10 years, making it one of the oldest small family cars on sale in Europe at the time of its replacement by the Alfa Romeo Giulietta in late May 2010, in total around 580,000 cars were made. The 147 was designed by Walter deSilva and Wolfgang Egger, the 147 received praise for its styling on launch, later it won styling awards. The 147 range was revamped in 2004, with the exterior styling changed to resemble the new 159 and Brera models, the 147 had a drag coefficient of 0.32. The 147 was facelifted in the end of 2004, new front grille, new headlights, new rear lights, a more powerful diesel engine arrived and suspension was also tweaked. In 2006, the 1471.9 JTD Q2 version was launched with a front Torsen limited slip differential, Alfa Romeo presented a new limited edition 147 called Ducati Corse at the 2007 Bologna Motor Show. The car had a JTD diesel engine and Q2, a front Torsen limited slip differential, the 147 was replaced by the Giulietta in 2010. The hot hatch 147 GTA model was launched in 2002, the GTA used a 3.2 V6 engine, produced 250 PS and had a top speed of 246 km/h. It has a body to accommodate the 225/45R17 tyres. Most models have 6-speed manual transmissions, whilst a number of other models use the semi automatic Selespeed system. In total 5,029147 GTAs were built,1004 of which were Selespeeds, london-based after-market tuner Autodelta has produced a bored out version of the GTA sporting a 3. 7-litre V6, producing 328 bhp, and a split-axle differential gear for the front wheels. Autodelta has also made a Rotrex supercharged version producing 400 bhp, if subscribed to the CONNECT system by simply pressing the green button you will be connected directly to a member of the service team for assistance. The handling of 147 was praised in reviews, in spite of criticism regarding the light steering. However, light steering does help during parking maneuvers, other criticisms of the 147 included a cumbersome gearshift, unsupportive seats and the lack of interior space compared to its rivals. The car became known for its engine note, which is unusually mellifluous for a car of its class
2.
Italy
–
Italy, officially the Italian Republic, is a unitary parliamentary republic in Europe. Located in the heart of the Mediterranean Sea, Italy shares open land borders with France, Switzerland, Austria, Slovenia, San Marino, Italy covers an area of 301,338 km2 and has a largely temperate seasonal climate and Mediterranean climate. Due to its shape, it is referred to in Italy as lo Stivale. With 61 million inhabitants, it is the fourth most populous EU member state, the Italic tribe known as the Latins formed the Roman Kingdom, which eventually became a republic that conquered and assimilated other nearby civilisations. The legacy of the Roman Empire is widespread and can be observed in the distribution of civilian law, republican governments, Christianity. The Renaissance began in Italy and spread to the rest of Europe, bringing a renewed interest in humanism, science, exploration, Italian culture flourished at this time, producing famous scholars, artists and polymaths such as Leonardo da Vinci, Galileo, Michelangelo and Machiavelli. The weakened sovereigns soon fell victim to conquest by European powers such as France, Spain and Austria. Despite being one of the victors in World War I, Italy entered a period of economic crisis and social turmoil. The subsequent participation in World War II on the Axis side ended in defeat, economic destruction. Today, Italy has the third largest economy in the Eurozone and it has a very high level of human development and is ranked sixth in the world for life expectancy. The country plays a prominent role in regional and global economic, military, cultural and diplomatic affairs, as a reflection of its cultural wealth, Italy is home to 51 World Heritage Sites, the most in the world, and is the fifth most visited country. The assumptions on the etymology of the name Italia are very numerous, according to one of the more common explanations, the term Italia, from Latin, Italia, was borrowed through Greek from the Oscan Víteliú, meaning land of young cattle. The bull was a symbol of the southern Italic tribes and was often depicted goring the Roman wolf as a defiant symbol of free Italy during the Social War. Greek historian Dionysius of Halicarnassus states this account together with the legend that Italy was named after Italus, mentioned also by Aristotle and Thucydides. The name Italia originally applied only to a part of what is now Southern Italy – according to Antiochus of Syracuse, but by his time Oenotria and Italy had become synonymous, and the name also applied to most of Lucania as well. The Greeks gradually came to apply the name Italia to a larger region, excavations throughout Italy revealed a Neanderthal presence dating back to the Palaeolithic period, some 200,000 years ago, modern Humans arrived about 40,000 years ago. Other ancient Italian peoples of undetermined language families but of possible origins include the Rhaetian people and Cammuni. Also the Phoenicians established colonies on the coasts of Sardinia and Sicily, the Roman legacy has deeply influenced the Western civilisation, shaping most of the modern world
3.
Bologna
–
Bologna is the largest city of the Emilia-Romagna Region in Northern Italy. It is the seventh most populous city in Italy, located in the heart of an area of about one million. The first settlements back to at least 1000 BC. The city has been a centre, first under the Etruscans. Home to the oldest university in the world, University of Bologna, founded in 1088, Bologna is also an important transportation crossroad for the roads and trains of Northern Italy, where many important mechanical, electronic and nutritional industries have their headquarters. According to the most recent data gathered by the European Regional Economic Growth Index of 2009, Bologna is the first Italian city, Bologna is home to numerous prestigious cultural, economic and political institutions as well as one of the most impressive trade fair districts in Europe. In 2000 it was declared European capital of culture and in 2006, the city of Bologna was selected to participate in the Universal Exposition of Shanghai 2010 together with 45 other cities from around the world. Bologna is also one of the wealthiest cities in Italy, often ranking as one of the top cities in terms of quality of life in the country, after a long decline, Bologna was reborn in the 5th century under Bishop Petronius. According to legend, St. Petronius built the church of S. Stefano. After the fall of Rome, Bologna was a stronghold of the Exarchate of Ravenna in the Po plain. In 728, the city was captured by the Lombard king Liutprand, the Germanic conquerors formed a district called addizione longobarda near the complex of S. Stefano. Charlemagne stayed in this district in 786, traditionally said to be founded in 1088, the University of Bologna is widely considered to be the first university. The university originated as a centre of study of medieval Roman law under major glossators. It numbered Dante, Boccaccio and Petrarca among its students, the medical school is especially famous. In the 12th century, the families engaged in continual internecine fighting. Troops of Pope Julius II besieged Bologna and sacked the artistic treasures of his palace, in 1530, in front of Saint Petronio Church, Charles V was crowned Holy Roman Emperor by Pope Clement VII. Then a plague at the end of the 16th century reduced the population from 72,000 to 59,000, the population later recovered to a stable 60, 000–65,000. However, there was also great progress during this era, in 1564, the Piazza del Nettuno and the Palazzo dei Banchi were built, along with the Archiginnasio, the centre of the University
4.
Turin Auto Show
–
The Turin Motor Show was an auto show held annually in Turin, Italy. The first official show took place between 21 and 24 April 1900, at the Castle of Valentino, becoming a permanent fixture in Turin from 1938 having shared it with Milan and Rome until that time. From 1972, the show was held bi-annually and in 1984, the event was last held in Turin in 2000 and cancelled from 2002, resulting in the Bologna Motor Show taking over the role of Italys International Motor Show. From 2015, Turin will again hold a Motor Show, albeit as a festival to keep exhibitors costs down. It will be held in the precinct of the Parco del Valentino. A. T,5 concept Lancia Appia The 1954 36th Salone dellAutomobile was inaugurated by Italian President Luigi Einaudi on 21 April and closed on 2 May. The exhibitors were 450 from 11 countries, including 66 car manufacturers and 22 coachbuilders, Production cars Alfa Romeo 1900 Super Alfa Romeo Giulietta Sprint Fiat 1100 Familiare Fiat 1400 A Fiat 1900 A Lancia Aurelia series II Concept cars and prototypes Alfa Romeo B. A. T. 7 by Bertone Fiat Turbina Fibreglass-bodied Fiat 8V At least 30 vehicle models from different manufacturers designed by Michelotti Alfa Romeo B. A. T. 9 concept Alfa Romeo Giulietta Italian President Giovanni Gronchi, escorted by a troop of Corazzieri, the motor show closed on 2 May. There were 490 exhibitors from 12 countries, including 65 car manufacturers, the exhibitors were 524 from 13 countries, including 72 car manufacturers and 21 coachbuilders. It saw the presence of 580 exhibitors from 15 countries, including 70 car manufacturers and 13 coachbuilders. Production cars Lancia Fulvia Berlina GTE, Coupé1.3 S, Sport 1.3 S, the change in date was to avoid clashing with the Geneva Motor Show. Instead, it becomes a public festival held at the historical Parco del Valentino
5.
Rubens Barrichello
–
Rubens Rubinho Gonçalves Barrichello is a Brazilian racing driver who competed in Formula One between 1993 and 2011. After losing his seat at the Williams F1 team, Barrichello moved to the IndyCar Series in 2012 with KV Racing Technology, Barrichello holds the record for most races in Formula One and has scored the eleventh highest points total in Formula One history. Barrichello drove for Ferrari from 2000 to 2005, as Michael Schumachers teammate and he also finished third in 2001 and 2009. During his six years with Ferrari, Barrichello was involved in winning five constructors titles, at the end of 2005 Barrichello left Ferrari to sign a contract with Honda. Schumachers retirement at the end of 2006 made Barrichello the most experienced driver on the grid, in 2009, he finished third in the drivers championship for Brawn GP, as his team mate Jenson Button won the title. This meant Barrichello was involved in a sixth constructors title and he became the first driver to reach 300 Grand Prix entries and 300 starts, doing so in 2010. He was also appointed chairman of the Grand Prix Drivers Association in 2010, in 2013 he started covering F1 race weekends for Brazils TV Globo, interviewing drivers and team members on the grid and commentating during qualifying and race coverages. Barrichello has won eleven Formula One Grands Prix, the paternal side of his family comes from Veneto, Italy. Both his father and paternal grandfather are also named Rubens, therefore, Rubens Barrichello was known as Rubinho, which has become his nickname. Barrichello won five karting titles in Brazil before going to Europe to race in the Formula Vauxhall Lotus series in 1990, in his first year, he won the championship, a feat he replicated the following year in the British Formula 3 Championship, beating David Coulthard. He very nearly joined Formula One, the highest category of single seater racing, instead he competed in Formula 3000 in 1992. He finished third in the championship, and joined the Jordan Formula One team for the 1993 Formula One season, during this time, and also early in his Formula One career, Barrichello lived in Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, UK. Barrichello had a rookie year. In his third race, the European Grand Prix, he started from 12th place in wet conditions but was fourth by the end of the first lap. He ran as high as second and was running third, having passed the Williams of Damon Hill and Alain Prost and his Jordans reliability in 1993 was poor, and he finished few races. Barrichello regularly outpaced his more experienced teammates, Ivan Capelli and Thierry Boutsen, in the French Grand Prix, he almost scored his first grand prix point but Michael Andretti passed Barrichello for the sixth and final point-paying position on the final lap. His only points finish of the season came at the Japanese Grand Prix with fifth place and these 2 points put him in 18th place in the standings. 1994 started well with a place in Brazil and a third place at Aida
6.
Johnny Herbert
–
John Paul Johnny Herbert is a British racing driver. He raced in Formula One from 1989 to 2000, for 7 different teams and he also raced sports cars winning the Le Mans 24 Hours in 1991 driving a Mazda 787B. He enjoyed much success in motor racing. During the mid-1980s, Herbert was widely regarded as a man of motor racing. Winning the Formula Ford Festival at Brands Hatch in 1985, Herbert caught Eddie Jordans attention, Herberts team mate, the highly rated Italian Alessandro Nannini, finished in 6th place,7.7 seconds behind Herbert. Herbert returned to Formula 3000, this time in the highly regarded Japanese series and it wasnt long before he received another call from Formula One racing, this time with Tyrrell. From 1990 to 2000, Herbert was a fixture in Formula One, switching to the dwindling Lotus team, during 1991, he also drove two rounds of the Fuji Long Distance Sports Car Series, co-driving a Mazda 787B, finishing fourth both times. His decision, at the July round, to stop his car and aid a fellow competitor, after 3 years of frustration, Herbert left Lotus in mid-1994, joining Ligier and then Benetton for the last few races of the season. Although he failed to any points in 1994, he was retained as Michael Schumachers team-mate for 1995. At the British Grand Prix, he inherited a hugely popular Grand Prix win after Damon Hill and he followed this in similar circumstances at Monza, finishing 4th in the championship. After being dropped by Benetton, Herbert drove for Swiss team Sauber in 1996–1998, since retiring from Formula One racing, Herbert has concentrated on Sports Cars, trying to repeat his Le Mans 24 Hours overall win of 1991. Recent years have seen him as one of the front runners in the American Le Mans Series, in 2004, Herbert, along with Jamie Davies won the Le Mans Series championship at the wheel of an Audi R8 winning the races at Monza and Spa along the way. In 2005, Herbert was appointed to the post of Sporting Relations Manager at Jordan Grand Prix, however, in September of that year Spyker Cars bought the team, and renamed it Spyker MF1. Another of the new owners decisions was to not renew Herberts contract, in 2007, Herbert entered the Le Mans 24 Hours driving for the factory Aston Martin team at the wheel of the Aston Martin DBR9 in the GT1 class. Herbert, along with Peter Kox and Tomáš Enge drove the 007 numbered car to a 9th placed overall finish, in 2008, Herbert won the first season of the Speedcar Series. In 2009, Herbert made his debut in the British Touring Car Championship for Team Dynamics at the wheel of a Honda Civic at round eight of the championship and he qualified 17th for the first race, and after moving up the order, finished in 13th. In the second race, he finished inside the points in eighth place, in the final race of the day, a reverse starting grid is operated. The first six, seven, eight, nine or ten cars to race two, start race three in reverse order
7.
Gabriele Tarquini
–
Gabriele Tarquini is an Italian racing driver. He participated in 78 Formula One Grands Prix, debuting on May 3,1987 and he scored 1 championship point, and holds the record for the most failed attempts to qualify. He has subsequently raced successfully in Touring Cars, winning the BTCC in 1994, the ETCC in 2003, on 22 November 2009 he won the 2009 FIA World Touring Car Championship title at the age of 47 years and 266 days. This made him the oldest ever champion in an FIA series. By 1985 he was driving in Formula 3000, spending three seasons with underfunded outfits and his best result was 2nd at Imola in 1987, by which time he had already made his Grand Prix debut in a one-off drive for Osella at the 1987 San Marino Grand Prix. He joined Colonis Grand Prix team for 1988, having driven for them in F3000 in 1986, the season saw a prequalifying system being put in place as there were 31 entrants for a maximum 30 places in qualifying proper. Tarquini signed to drive for the FIRST team and drove for them at the Formula One Indoor Trophy, following Philippe Streiffs career-ending pre-season testing crash, Tarquini joined Joachim Winkelhock in the AGS team from the second round of the series. There he finished a fine 8th on the road, being promoted to 6th after the exclusion of Thierry Boutsen and he was then one of the stars of the weekend in Monaco, threatening to qualify in the top 6 before ending up 13th on the grid. In the race he advanced to a strong 4th before being sidelined by an electrical problem, more bad luck followed at Phoenix where Tarquini was holding 6th despite technical problems before Boutsen passed him on the final lap. At the wet Canadian Grand Prix Tarquini again ran well until being shoved off the track by René Arnoux. The series then moved to faster tracks where the AGS was less competitive, the expanding entry list meant prequalifying was much different to 1988, consisting of an hour-long free-for-all session on Friday morning between the less successful cars. The team were even more severe financial constraints for 1991. Tarquini made it through into three races, finishing a worthy 8th in the opener at Phoenix but financial constraints meant after Monaco the AGS didnt make the grid again. Late in the season the team sold his contract to Gabriele Rumis ambitious Fondmetal outfit in time for the Spanish Grand Prix. He was signed for a year in 1992, showing some good speed in the neat. However, his car only finished once and despite some fine qualifying efforts the team struggled to find funding, folding after the following Italian Grand Prix and he replaced Ukyo Katayama for the European round as the Japanese driver was injured from his start line accident in the previous race. Out of practice with single seaters he finished 14th, six laps down on winner Michael Schumacher and it was his final Grand Prix. Tarquini failed to pre-qualify on a record 25 occasions, mainly because he was a regular in the pre-qualifying era, despite this record many consider him to have been a talented driver stuck with uncompetitive machinery
8.
Giancarlo Fisichella
–
Giancarlo Fisichella, also known as Fisico, Giano or Fisi, is an Italian professional racing driver. He has driven in Formula One for Minardi, Jordan, Benetton, Sauber, Renault, Force India and Ferrari. Since then he has driven for AF Corse in their Ferrari 458 GTE at various events, becoming twice a Le Mans 24 Hour class winner. He was also Ferraris F1 reserve driver for 2010, Fisichella won three races in his Formula One career, the first of which was at the chaotic 2003 Brazilian Grand Prix, a race abandoned for safety reasons with 15 laps remaining. He was brought into the Renault team to replace fellow Italian Jarno Trulli, however, after that race it was his team-mate, the Spanish driver Fernando Alonso, that would win the greater share of races for Renault. Although highly rated as a driver, Fisichella was unable to pace with eventual champion Alonso. Outside of driving, he has backed his own GP2 team, Fisichella has three children, Carlotta, Christopher and Carolina, with his wife Luna Castellani. The couple married on 10 October 2009, on 17 June 2012 Fisichella won the GTE Pro division of the Le Mans 24hrs for AF Corse and followed this up with the Manufacturers title in the WEC at the end of the season. Fisichella is set to continue with AF Corse for the forthcoming 2013 WEC season competing for a title for the first time. Like most current Formula One drivers, he began racing as a youngster in the Guidonias Kart circuit. In 1992, he competed in the Italian Formula Three Championship and he finished runner up in 1993, and in 1994 he won the championship, following race victories in Monaco and Macau. He left open-wheel racing briefly in 1995 and 1996, driving for Alfa Romeo in the International Touring Car Championship, in 1996, he made the move to Formula One, making his debut for the Minardi team, after being the official test driver the previous season. However he did not complete the season since Minardi required a driver who could bring funding to the team. For 1997 he made the move to Eddie Jordans eponymous team, Fisichella gained his first podium finish at the 1997 Canadian Grand Prix, and went on to finish higher in the points standings than his team-mate. At Hockenheim a victory looked to be within reach for Fisichella, but a puncture, Fisichella was able to show his talent again at the rain-soaked Belgian Grand Prix in which he finished a commendable second behind Michael Schumacher. Following this race, the Benetton team signed him for 1998, the timing of his move to Benetton move was unfortunate. Following Renaults withdrawal from Formula One, Benetton would contest the 1998 season without works engines, despite not having the latest engines, Fisichella still managed second places at Montreal and Monaco, even being in contention for a victory in Canada until gearbox problems slowed him down. In Austria, Fisichella scored his first pole position, although an on-track clash with Jean Alesi during the race cost him any chance of a good result
9.
Alfa Romeo Giulietta (940)
–
The Alfa Romeo Giulietta is a small family car produced by the Italian automaker Alfa Romeo. Giulietta production started towards the end of 2009 and was introduced at the March 2010 Geneva Motor Show. In a viability plan forwarded to the US Government in February 2009, Chrysler reported that the 147 replacement would come to market as the Milano, however, as of early 2010 Fiat was instead planning to concentrate on bringing larger models to the US, such as the Giulia. The Giulietta came in place in the 2011 European Car of the Year awards. Between 2010 and 2012 around 200,000 Giuliettas were built, the 2010 Giulietta is available only as a 5-door hatchback. The Giulietta got its Italian dealer presentation on 22 and 23 May 2010, the Giulietta advertising campaign is made with Hollywood actress Uma Thurman. The end of the features the cars mottos - I am Giulietta. The platform used is Fiat Group’s Compact also called as C-Evo during the planning stage, practically this is an all new platform. Depending on the market and trim level,16,17, available tire sizes are 205/55 R16, 225/45 R17, and 225/40 R18. The wheels use a 5-hole pattern with a 110 mm bolt circle, the length of the Giulietta is around 4.3 metres, which is similar to the Alfa Romeo 156. Only a five-door body is available for sale, at the 2013 Frankfurt International Motor Show Alfa Romeo presented an updated Giulietta. Trim changes include a new Uconnect infotainment system with 5 or 6, a new diesel engine variant has also arrived, the two-litre JTDM2, developing 150 PS and 380 N·m. In the 2014 range, all comply with Euro 5+ emission standards. Debuting at 2016 Geneva Motor Show, New Giulietta with facelifted front resembling Giulia and with new updated brand logo, trim line up will be changed to Giulietta, Giulietta Super and Giulietta Veloce. New body colour, new rims designs, previous Giulietta QV will now be changed into sporty Veloce trim available with 240 PS engine and TCT transmission. Also debuting will be a new 1.6 JTDm 120 PS TCT diesel engine, the top of the range model is a version with 1. 1750 is a size which has its roots in Alfa Romeos history. UK version is sold as Alfa Romeo Giulietta Cloverleaf, with new engine the Giuliettas flagship can exceed 240 km/h and accelerate from 0 to 100 km/h in only 6.0 seconds
10.
Liquefied petroleum gas
–
It is increasingly used as an aerosol propellant and a refrigerant, replacing chlorofluorocarbons in an effort to reduce damage to the ozone layer. When specifically used as a fuel it is often referred to as autogas. Varieties of LPG bought and sold include mixes that are mostly propane, mostly butane and, most commonly, in the northern hemisphere winter, the mixes contain more propane, while in summer, they contain more butane. In the United States, mainly two grades of LPG are sold, commercial propane and HD-5 and these specifications are published by the Gas Processors Association and the American Society of Testing and Materials. Propane/butane blends are also listed in these specifications, propylene, butylenes and various other hydrocarbons are usually also present in small concentrations. HD-5 limits the amount of propylene that can be placed in LPG to 5%, a powerful odorant, ethanethiol, is added so that leaks can be detected easily. The internationally recognized European Standard is EN589, in the United States, tetrahydrothiophene or amyl mercaptan are also approved odorants, although neither is currently being utilized. It was first produced in 1910 by Dr. Walter Snelling, and it currently provides about 3% of all energy consumed, and burns relatively cleanly with no soot and very few sulfur emissions. As it is a gas, it does not pose ground or water pollution hazards, LPG has a typical specific calorific value of 46.1 MJ/kg compared with 42.5 MJ/kg for fuel oil and 43.5 MJ/kg for premium grade petrol. However, its energy density per unit of 26 MJ/L is lower than either that of petrol or fuel oil. As its boiling point is below room temperature, LPG will evaporate quickly at temperatures and pressures and is usually supplied in pressurised steel vessels. They are typically filled to 80–85% of their capacity to allow for expansion of the contained liquid. The ratio between the volumes of the gas and the liquefied gas varies depending on composition, pressure, and temperature. LPG is heavier than air, unlike natural gas, and thus will flow along floors and tend to settle in low spots, there are two main dangers from this. The first is an explosion if the mixture of LPG and air is within the explosive limits. The second is due to LPG displacing air, causing a decrease in oxygen concentration. It can serve as fuel for cooking, central heating and to water heating and is a particularly cost-effective, LPG is used for cooking in many countries for economic reasons, for convenience or because it is the preferred fuel source. According to the 2011 census of India,33.6 million Indian households used LPG as cooking fuel in 2011, LPG is subsidised by the government in India
11.
Ferrari 599
–
The Ferrari 599 is an Italian sports car produced by Ferrari. It was the brands flagship, replacing the 575M Maranello in 2006 as a 2007 model. Styled by Pininfarina under the direction of Ferraris Frank Stephenson, the 599 GTB debuted at the Geneva Motor Show in February 2006 and it is named for its total engine displacement, Gran Turismo Berlinetta nature, and the Fiorano Circuit test track used by Ferrari. The Tipo F140 C6.0 L V12 engine produces a maximum 620 PS and its 608 N·m of torque was also a record for Ferraris GT cars. Most of the modifications to the engine were done to allow it to fit in the Fioranos engine bay, a traditional 6-speed manual transmission as well as Ferraris 6-speed called F1 SuperFast is offered. The Fiorano also sees the debut of Ferraris new traction control system, the vast majority of the 599 GTBs have been equipped with the semi-automatic gearbox as opposed to the manual 6-speed gearbox. Only 30 examples have been produced with a manual gearbox of which 20 were destined to the United States and 10 remained in Europe. 0-100 km/h in 3.7 seconds 0-200 km/h in 11.0 seconds Top speed, the ride height has also been lowered, which lowers the cars center of gravity. The package also includes optimised tyres featuring a compound that offers improved grip, the cars electronics have also changed. The gearboxs shifts are faster in high-performance settings, while new engine software improved accelerator response, the exhaust silencer was modified to produce more marked and thrilling sound under hard usage while still delivering just the right comfort levels at cruising speed. The exterior and interior were upgraded with more carbon fiber components, on 8 April 2010, Ferrari announced official details of the 599 GTO. Its engine produces 670 PS at 8250 rpm, with 620 N·m of torque at 6500 rpm, Ferrari claims the 599 GTO can reach 100 km/h in under 3.3 seconds and has a top speed of over 335 km/h. At 1,605 kilograms, the 599 GTO weighs almost 100 kg less than the standard GTB, production is limited to 599 cars. Of these, approximately 125 were produced for the United States market, Ferrari has given only two other models that used the GTO designation, the 1962250 GTO and the 1984288 GTO. Unlike the previous GTOs however, the 599 GTO was not designed for homologation in any racing series, the convertible version of the 599, the SA Aperta, was introduced 2010 Paris Motor Show as a unique limited edition in honor of designers Sergio Pininfarina and Andrea Pininfarina. The SA Aperta used the performance engine from the 599 GTO. The 599XX is a car designed for use only and is not street legal. The rev limiter is raised to 9000 rpm, with the engine rated for 730 PS at 9000 rpm, weight is reduced by reducing the weight of the engine unit components, the use of composite materials, and the use of carbon-fiber body parts and brake pads
12.
Ferrari 458
–
The Ferrari 458 Italia is a mid-engined sports car produced by the Italian sports car manufacturer Ferrari. The 458 replaced the Ferrari F430, and was first officially unveiled at the 2009 Frankfurt Motor Show and it is replaced by the Ferrari 488, which was unveiled at the Geneva Motor Show 2015. The body computer system was developed by Magneti Marelli Automotive Lighting. The 458 is powered by a 4,499 cc V8 engine of the Ferrari/Maserati F136 engine family, the engine features direct fuel injection, which is a first for Ferrari mid-engine setups in its road cars. The only transmission available on the 458 is a dual-clutch 7-speed Getrag gearbox, there is no traditional manual option, making this the fourth road-car after the Enzo, Challenge Stradale and 430 Scuderia not to be offered with Ferraris classic gated manual. It is the first mainstream model to not be offered with a manual transmission, the brakes include a prefill function whereby the pistons in the calipers move the pads into contact with the discs on lift off to minimize delay in the brakes being applied. This combined with the ABS and standard Carbon Ceramic brakes have caused a reduction in stopping distance from 100–0 km/h to 32.5 metres. Tests have shown the car will stop from 100 km/h in 90 feet or in 85 feet with run flat tires,85 feet from 60 mph and 80 feet from 60 mph with run flat tires, the adaptive magnetorheological dampers are co-developed with BWI Group. Ferraris official 0–100 km/h acceleration is 2. 9–3.0 seconds, the top speed is 340 km/h. It has fuel consumption in combined cycle of 13.3 L/100 km while producing 307 g/km of CO2, in keeping with Ferrari tradition the body was designed by Pininfarina under the leadership of Donato Coco, the Ferrari design director. The interior design of the Ferrari 458 Italia was designed by Bertrand Rapatel, the cars exterior styling and features were designed for aerodynamic efficiency, producing a downforce of 140 kg at 200 kilometres per hour. In particular, the front grille features deformable winglets that lower at high speeds, according to British car magazine Autocar, the 458 Italias design has drawn inspiration from the Enzo Ferrari and its Millechili concept car. It has been designed to be Ferraris sportiest V8-engined car, to itself from the recently launched Ferrari California. The 458 was also reviewed on the 15th season of Top Gear, in a drag race against James Mays Ferrari F430, it won by a considerable margin. The car also lapped the Top Gear test track in 1,19.1, the 458 Italia is the two-seat berlinetta 458. It was the first variant to be unveiled to the public. It is a version of the 458 Italia for the Chinese market, commemorating the 20th anniversary of Ferrari in China since the first Ferrari. The vehicle was unveiled at the Italia Center of Shanghai World Expo Park, the 458 Spider was premiered at the 2011 Frankfurt Motor Show
Italy
