Bolt rope
Videos
A bolt rope, is the rope that is sewn at the edges of the sail to reinforce them, or to fix the sail into a groove in the boom or in the mast.
Sail detail at the tack (lower corner of the leading edge) of a mainsail, showing bolt ropes in the luff and foot. Bolt ropes may extend to other parts of a sail, as well.
Fore-and-aft rig
Videos
A fore-and-aft rig is a sailing ship rig with sails set mainly in the median plane of the keel, rather than perpendicular to it, as on a square-rigged vessel.
The gaff-rigged schooner Effie M. Morrissey
Micronesian wa with crab claw sail
The earliest European fore-and-aft rigs appeared in the form of spritsails in Greco-Roman navigation, as this carving of a 3rd century AD Roman merchant ship
One of the ships in Borobudur depicting a double-outrigger vessel with fore-and-aft tanja sails on tripod masts (c. 8th century AD)