Bonkei
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A bonkei is a temporary or permanent three-dimensional depiction of a landscape in miniature, portrayed using mainly dry materials like rock, papier-mâché or cement mixtures, and sand in a shallow tray. A bonkei contains no living material, in contrast with related Japanese art forms bonsai and saikei: bonsai contain living trees, and saikei contain living trees and other vegetation.
Prints out of the "53 Stations of the Tōkaidō as Potted Landscapes" depicting Bonkei ,by Utagawa Yoshishige (1848)
Color print depicting a bonkei modeled after Station 1 of The Fifty-three Stations of the Tōkaidō
Color print of Station 1 of The Fifty-three Stations of the Tōkaidō
Hòn non bộ
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Hòn non bộ is the Vietnamese art of making miniature landscapes, imitating the scenery of the islands, mountains and surrounding environment as found in nature. It is a particular local development of the Chinese art of penzai, as was bonsai in Japan.
Hòn non bộ in the pond of Diên Thọ Palace in the Imperial City of Huế
Hòn non bộ which included stones, plants, little figures, waterfall and aquarium
Hòn non bộ, at the Botanical Building