1.
Tokyo
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Tokyo, officially Tokyo Metropolis, is the capital of Japan and one of its 47 prefectures. The Greater Tokyo Area is the most populous area in the world. It is the seat of the Emperor of Japan and the Japanese government, Tokyo is in the Kantō region on the southeastern side of the main island Honshu and includes the Izu Islands and Ogasawara Islands. Formerly known as Edo, it has been the de facto seat of government since 1603 when Shogun Tokugawa Ieyasu made the city his headquarters. It officially became the capital after Emperor Meiji moved his seat to the city from the old capital of Kyoto in 1868, Tokyo Metropolis was formed in 1943 from the merger of the former Tokyo Prefecture and the city of Tokyo. The Tokyo metropolitan government administers the 23 Special Wards of Tokyo, the metropolitan government also administers 39 municipalities in the western part of the prefecture and the two outlying island chains. The population of the wards is over 9 million people. The prefecture is part of the worlds most populous metropolitan area with upwards of 37.8 million people, the city hosts 51 of the Fortune Global 500 companies, the highest number of any city in the world. Tokyo ranked third in the International Financial Centres Development IndexEdit, the city is also home to various television networks such as Fuji TV, Tokyo MX, TV Tokyo, TV Asahi, Nippon Television, NHK and the Tokyo Broadcasting System. Tokyo ranked first in the Global Economic Power Index and fourth in the Global Cities Index. The city is considered a world city – as listed by the GaWCs 2008 inventory – and in 2014. In 2015, Tokyo was named the Most Liveable City in the world by the magazine Monocle, the Michelin Guide has awarded Tokyo by far the most Michelin stars of any city in the world. Tokyo ranked first in the world in the Safe Cities Index, the 2016 edition of QS Best Student Cities ranked Tokyo as the 3rd-best city in the world to be a university student. Tokyo hosted the 1964 Summer Olympics, the 1979 G-7 summit, the 1986 G-7 summit, and the 1993 G-7 summit, and will host the 2020 Summer Olympics, Tokyo was originally known as Edo, which means estuary. During the early Meiji period, the city was also called Tōkei, some surviving official English documents use the spelling Tokei. However, this pronunciation is now obsolete, the name Tokyo was first suggested in 1813 in the book Kondō Hisaku, written by Satō Nobuhiro. When Ōkubo Toshimichi proposed the renaming to the government during the Meiji Restoration, according to Oda Kanshi, Tokyo was originally a small fishing village named Edo, in what was formerly part of the old Musashi Province. Edo was first fortified by the Edo clan, in the twelfth century
2.
Japan
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Japan is a sovereign island nation in Eastern Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies off the eastern coast of the Asia Mainland and stretches from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea, the kanji that make up Japans name mean sun origin. 日 can be read as ni and means sun while 本 can be read as hon, or pon, Japan is often referred to by the famous epithet Land of the Rising Sun in reference to its Japanese name. Japan is an archipelago consisting of about 6,852 islands. The four largest are Honshu, Hokkaido, Kyushu and Shikoku, the country is divided into 47 prefectures in eight regions. Hokkaido being the northernmost prefecture and Okinawa being the southernmost one, the population of 127 million is the worlds tenth largest. Japanese people make up 98. 5% of Japans total population, approximately 9.1 million people live in the city of Tokyo, the capital of Japan. Archaeological research indicates that Japan was inhabited as early as the Upper Paleolithic period, the first written mention of Japan is in Chinese history texts from the 1st century AD. Influence from other regions, mainly China, followed by periods of isolation, from the 12th century until 1868, Japan was ruled by successive feudal military shoguns who ruled in the name of the Emperor. Japan entered into a period of isolation in the early 17th century. The Second Sino-Japanese War of 1937 expanded into part of World War II in 1941, which came to an end in 1945 following the bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Japan is a member of the UN, the OECD, the G7, the G8, the country has the worlds third-largest economy by nominal GDP and the worlds fourth-largest economy by purchasing power parity. It is also the worlds fourth-largest exporter and fourth-largest importer, although Japan has officially renounced its right to declare war, it maintains a modern military with the worlds eighth-largest military budget, used for self-defense and peacekeeping roles. Japan is a country with a very high standard of living. Its population enjoys the highest life expectancy and the third lowest infant mortality rate in the world, in ancient China, Japan was called Wo 倭. It was mentioned in the third century Chinese historical text Records of the Three Kingdoms in the section for the Wei kingdom, Wa became disliked because it has the connotation of the character 矮, meaning dwarf. The 倭 kanji has been replaced with the homophone Wa, meaning harmony, the Japanese word for Japan is 日本, which is pronounced Nippon or Nihon and literally means the origin of the sun. The earliest record of the name Nihon appears in the Chinese historical records of the Tang dynasty, at the start of the seventh century, a delegation from Japan introduced their country as Nihon
3.
Alternative rock
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Alternative rock is a genre of rock music that emerged from the independent music underground of the 1980s and became widely popular in the 1990s and 2000s. In this instance, the word refers to the genres distinction from mainstream rock music. The terms original meaning was broader, referring to a generation of musicians unified by their debt to either the musical style or simply the independent. Ethos of punk rock, which in the late 1970s laid the groundwork for alternative music, Alternative rock is a broad umbrella term consisting of music that differs greatly in terms of its sound, its social context, and its regional roots. Most of these subgenres had achieved minor mainstream notice and a few bands representing them, such as Hüsker Dü, with the breakthrough of Nirvana and the popularity of the grunge and Britpop movements in the 1990s, alternative rock entered the musical mainstream and many alternative bands became successful. By the end of the decade, alternative rocks mainstream prominence declined due to a number of events that caused grunge and Britpop to fade, emo attracted attention in the larger alternative rock world, and the term was applied to a variety of artists, including multi-platinum acts. Post-punk revival artists such as Modest Mouse and The Killers had commercial success in the early, before the term alternative rock came into common usage around 1990, the sort of music to which it refers was known by a variety of terms. In 1979, Terry Tolkin used the term Alternative Music to describe the groups he was writing about, in 1979 Dallas radio station KZEW had a late night new wave show entitled Rock and Roll Alternative. College rock was used in the United States to describe the music during the 1980s due to its links to the radio circuit. In the United Kingdom, dozens of small do it yourself record labels emerged as a result of the punk subculture, according to the founder of one of these labels, Cherry Red, NME and Sounds magazines published charts based on small record stores called Alternative Charts. The first national chart based on distribution called the Indie Chart was published in January 1980, at the time, the term indie was used literally to describe independently distributed records. By 1985, indie had come to mean a particular genre, or group of subgenres, at first the term referred to intentionally non–mainstream rock acts that were not influenced by heavy metal ballads, rarefied new wave and high-energy dance anthems. The use of alternative gained further exposure due to the success of Lollapalooza, for which festival founder, in the late 1990s, the definition again became more specific. Defining music as alternative is often difficult because of two conflicting applications of the word, the name alternative rock essentially serves as an umbrella term for underground music that has emerged in the wake of punk rock since the mid-1980s. Alternative bands during the 1980s generally played in clubs, recorded for indie labels. Sounds range from the gloomy soundscapes of gothic rock to the guitars of indie pop to the dirty guitars of grunge to the 1960s/1970s revivalism of Britpop. This approach to lyrics developed as a reflection of the social and economic strains in the United States and United Kingdom of the 1980s, by 1984, a majority of groups signed to independent record labels mined from a variety of rock and particularly 1960s rock influences. This represented a break from the futuristic, hyper-rational post-punk years
4.
Trip hop
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Trip hop is a musical genre that originated in the early 1990s in the United Kingdom, especially Bristol. Trip hop can be highly experimental and it was pioneered by acts like Massive Attack, Tricky, and Portishead. Trip hop achieved commercial success in the 1990s, and has described as Europes alternative choice in the second half of the 90s. DJs, MCs, b-boys and graffiti artists grouped together into informal soundsystems, Bristols soundsystem DJs, drawing heavily on Jamaican dub music, typically used a laid-back, slow and heavy drum beat. Bristols Wild Bunch crew became one of the soundsystems to put a spin on the international phenomenon, helping to birth Bristols signature sound of trip hop. As the hip hop scene matured in Bristol and musical trends evolved further toward acid jazz and house in the late 1980s, another influence came from Gary Clails Tackhead soundsystem. Clail often worked with former The Pop Group singer Mark Stewart, produced by Adrian Sherwood, the music combined hiphop with experimental rock and dub and sounded like a premature version of what later became trip hop. In 1993, Kirsty MacColl released Angel, one of the first examples of the crossing over to pop. In the 1990s, Janet Jackson brought trip hop into the American charts with the song If, several songs on her Janet. and The Velvet Rope used this genre of music, Songs like Got Til Its Gone and You. Massive Attacks first album Blue Lines was released in 1991 to huge success in the UK, Massive Attack released their second album entitled Protection in 1994. The term trip hop was coined that year, but not in reference to anything on the Massive Attack albums, in 1993, Icelandic musician Björk released Debut, produced by Wild Bunch member Nellee Hooper. The album, although rooted in four-on-the-floor house music, contained elements of trip hop and is credited as one of the first albums to introduce electronic music into mainstream pop. She had been in contact with Londons underground electronic music scene and was involved with trip hop musician Tricky. Björk embraced trip hop even more with her 1995 album Post by collaborating with Tricky, homogenic, her 1997 album, has been described as a pinnacle of trip hop music. 1994 and 1995 saw trip hop near the peak of its popularity, with such as Howie B, Naked Funk. The period also marked the debut of two acts who, along with Massive Attack, would define the Bristol scene for years to come, in 1994 Portishead, a trio comprising singer Beth Gibbons, Geoff Barrow, and Adrian Utley, released their debut album Dummy. Their background differed from Massive Attack in many ways, one of Portisheads primary influences was 1960s and 1970s film soundtrack LPs, nevertheless, Portishead shared the scratchy, jazz-sample-based aesthetic of early Massive Attack, and the sullen, fragile vocals of Gibbons also brought them wide acclaim. In 1995, Dummy was awarded the Mercury Music Prize as the best British album of the year, Tricky also released his debut solo album Maxinquaye in 1995, to great critical acclaim
5.
Sony Music Entertainment Japan
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Sony Music Entertainment Inc. often abbreviated as SMEJ or simply SME, and also known as Sony Music Japan for short, is Sonys music arm in Japan. SMEJ is directly owned by Sony Corporation and independent from the United States-based Sony Music Entertainment due to its strength in the Japanese music industry. It was prominent in the early to mid 90s producing and licensing music for such as Roujin Z from acclaimed manga artist Katsuhiro Otomo. Until March 2007, Sony Music Japan also had its own North American sublabel, releases of Sony Music Japan now appear on Columbia Records and/or Epic Records in North America. The Columbia name and trademark is controlled by Nippon Columbia, which was, in fact, the company was incorporated as CBS/Sony Records and with Sony co-founder Akio Morita as president. Norio Ohga was part of the management team from the formation of the company and served as president, in 1972, when CBS/Sony was generating robust profits, Ohga was named chairman and at the same time gained further responsibility and influence within Sony. He would continue to work for the company one morning a week. In 1980 Toshio Ozawa succeeded Ohga as president, in 1983 the company was renamed CBS/Sony Group. In January 1988, after more than a year of negotiations, Sony acquired CBS Records, in March 1988, four wholly owned subsidiaries were folded into CBS/Sony Group, CBS/Sony Inc. CBS/Sony Records Inc. and Sony Video Software International, the company was renamed Sony Music Entertainment, Inc. Shugo Matsuo was named new president in January 1992, replacing Toshio Ozawa, overall sales for the fiscal year ending March 31,1991 were 83.8 billion yen with a pretax profit of 9.2 billion yen. In June 1996, Ryokichi Kunugi became new president, Shigeo Maruyama was appointed to the new post of CEO on October 1,1997 and replaced Kunugi as president in February 1998. As of 2007, Naoki Kitagawa is the current CEO of the group, the companys leading role on the Japanese market was increasingly challenged by labels such as Avex. Net sales for the year ending March 31,1997 were down 10% to 103 billion yen. The market share at that time was less than 18%, in August 1997, Dreams Come True, until that point Sony Music Entertainment Japans best-selling act, signed a worldwide multi-album deal with competing U. S. label Virgin Records America. Since then it was said that SMEJ ceded to Avexs challenge, SMEJ netted 22.4 billion yen for 1H2012 and 14. 3% of the market, second behind Avex. Aniplex Antinos Records was launched in 1994 with Sony Music director Shigeo Maruyama as its president, the first releases on August 21 were a mini-album by indie group Confusion and singles by the groups Aniss, Neverending Story, and Ginji Itoh. Ariola Japan BMG Music Japan DefSTAR Records - founded in 1997 as a Warner Music sub label, SME Records Sony Music Records Sony Records gr8
6.
Electronic music
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In general, a distinction can be made between sound produced using electromechanical means and that produced using electronic technology. Examples of electromechanical sound producing devices include the telharmonium, Hammond organ, purely electronic sound production can be achieved using devices such as the theremin, sound synthesizer, and computer. During the 1920s and 1930s, electronic instruments were introduced and the first compositions for instruments were composed. Musique concrète, created in Paris in 1948, was based on editing together recorded fragments of natural and industrial sounds, Music produced solely from electronic generators was first produced in Germany in 1953. Electronic music was created in Japan and the United States beginning in the 1950s. An important new development was the advent of computers for the purpose of composing music, algorithmic composition was first demonstrated in Australia in 1951. In America and Europe, live electronics were pioneered in the early 1960s, during the 1970s to early 1980s, the monophonic Minimoog became once the most widely used synthesizer at that time in both popular and electronic art music. In the 1980s, electronic music became dominant in popular music, with a greater reliance on synthesizers, and the adoption of programmable drum machines. Electronically produced music became prevalent in the domain by the 1990s. Contemporary electronic music includes many varieties and ranges from art music to popular forms such as electronic dance music. Today, pop music is most recognizable in its 4/4 form. At the turn of the 20th century, experimentation with emerging electronics led to the first electronic musical instruments and these initial inventions were not sold, but were instead used in demonstrations and public performances. The audiences were presented with reproductions of existing music instead of new compositions for the instruments, while some were considered novelties and produced simple tones, the Telharmonium accurately synthesized the sound of orchestral instruments. It achieved viable public interest and made progress into streaming music through telephone networks. Critics of musical conventions at the time saw promise in these developments, ferruccio Busoni encouraged the composition of microtonal music allowed for by electronic instruments. He predicted the use of machines in future music, writing the influential Sketch of a New Esthetic of Music, futurists such as Francesco Balilla Pratella and Luigi Russolo began composing music with acoustic noise to evoke the sound of machinery. They predicted expansions in timbre allowed for by electronics in the influential manifesto The Art of Noises, developments of the vacuum tube led to electronic instruments that were smaller, amplified, and more practical for performance. In particular, the theremin, ondes Martenot and trautonium were commercially produced by the early 1930s, from the late 1920s, the increased practicality of electronic instruments influenced composers such as Joseph Schillinger to adopt them
7.
Jazz
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Jazz is a music genre that originated amongst African Americans in New Orleans, United States, in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, and developed from roots in Blues and Ragtime. Since the 1920s jazz age, jazz has become recognized as a form of musical expression. Jazz is characterized by swing and blue notes, call and response vocals, polyrhythms, Jazz has roots in West African cultural and musical expression, and in African-American music traditions including blues and ragtime, as well as European military band music. Although the foundation of jazz is deeply rooted within the Black experience of the United States, different cultures have contributed their own experience, intellectuals around the world have hailed jazz as one of Americas original art forms. As jazz spread around the world, it drew on different national, regional, and local musical cultures, New Orleans jazz began in the early 1910s, combining earlier brass-band marches, French quadrilles, biguine, ragtime and blues with collective polyphonic improvisation. In the 1930s, heavily arranged dance-oriented swing big bands, Kansas City jazz, bebop emerged in the 1940s, shifting jazz from danceable popular music toward a more challenging musicians music which was played at faster tempos and used more chord-based improvisation. Cool jazz developed in the end of the 1940s, introducing calmer, smoother sounds and long, modal jazz developed in the late 1950s, using the mode, or musical scale, as the basis of musical structure and improvisation. Jazz-rock fusion appeared in the late 1960s and early 1970s, combining jazz improvisation with rock rhythms, electric instruments. In the early 1980s, a form of jazz fusion called smooth jazz became successful. Other styles and genres abound in the 2000s, such as Latin, the question of the origin of the word jazz has resulted in considerable research, and its history is well documented. It is believed to be related to jasm, a term dating back to 1860 meaning pep. The use of the word in a context was documented as early as 1915 in the Chicago Daily Tribune. Its first documented use in a context in New Orleans was in a November 14,1916 Times-Picayune article about jas bands. In an interview with NPR, musician Eubie Blake offered his recollections of the slang connotations of the term, saying, When Broadway picked it up. That was dirty, and if you knew what it was, the American Dialect Society named it the Word of the Twentieth Century. Jazz has proved to be difficult to define, since it encompasses such a wide range of music spanning a period of over 100 years. Attempts have been made to define jazz from the perspective of other musical traditions, in the opinion of Robert Christgau, most of us would say that inventing meaning while letting loose is the essence and promise of jazz. As Duke Ellington, one of jazzs most famous figures, said, although jazz is considered highly difficult to define, at least in part because it contains so many varied subgenres, improvisation is consistently regarded as being one of its key elements
8.
Electric guitar
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The vibrations of the strings are sensed by a pickup, of which the most common type is the magnetic pickup, which uses the principle of direct electromagnetic induction. The signal generated by a guitar is too weak to drive a loudspeaker, so it is plugged into a guitar amplifier before being sent to a loudspeaker. The output of a guitar is an electric signal. Invented in 1931, the electric guitar was adopted by jazz guitarists. Early proponents of the guitar on record included Les Paul, Lonnie Johnson, Sister Rosetta Tharpe, T-Bone Walker. During the 1950s and 1960s, the guitar became the most important instrument in pop music. It has evolved into an instrument that is capable of a multitude of sounds and styles in genres ranging from pop and rock to country music, blues and jazz. It served as a component in the development of electric blues, rock and roll, rock music, heavy metal music. Electric guitar design and construction vary greatly in the shape of the body and the configuration of the neck, bridge, Guitars may have a fixed bridge or a spring-loaded hinged bridge that lets players bend the pitch of notes or chords up or down or perform vibrato effects. The sound of a guitar can be modified by new playing techniques such as string bending, tapping, hammering on, using audio feedback, in a small group, such as a power trio, one guitarist switches between both roles. In larger rock and metal bands, there is often a rhythm guitarist, many experiments at electrically amplifying the vibrations of a string instrument were made dating back to the early part of the 20th century. Patents from the 1910s show telephone transmitters were adapted and placed inside violins, hobbyists in the 1920s used carbon button microphones attached to the bridge, however, these detected vibration from the bridge on top of the instrument, resulting in a weak signal. With numerous people experimenting with electrical instruments in the 1920s and early 1930s, Electric guitars were originally designed by acoustic guitar makers and instrument manufacturers. Some of the earliest electric guitars adapted hollow-bodied acoustic instruments and used tungsten pickups, the first electrically amplified guitar was designed in 1931 by George Beauchamp, the general manager of the National Guitar Corporation, with Paul Barth, who was vice president. The maple body prototype for the one-piece cast aluminum frying pan was built by Harry Watson, commercial production began in late summer of 1932 by the Ro-Pat-In Corporation, in Los Angeles, a partnership of Beauchamp, Adolph Rickenbacker, and Paul Barth. In 1934, the company was renamed the Rickenbacker Electro Stringed Instrument Company, in that year Beauchamp applied for a United States patent for an Electrical Stringed Musical Instrument and the patent was issued in 1937. The Electro-Spanish Ken Roberts provided players a full 25 scale, with 17 frets free of the fretboard and it is estimated that fewer than 50 Electro-Spanish Ken Roberts were constructed between 1933 and 1937, fewer than 10 are known to survive today. The need for the guitar became apparent during the big band era as orchestras increased in size, particularly when acoustic guitars had to compete with large
9.
Rock music
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It has its roots in 1940s and 1950s rock and roll, itself heavily influenced by blues, rhythm and blues and country music. Rock music also drew strongly on a number of genres such as electric blues and folk. Musically, rock has centered on the guitar, usually as part of a rock group with electric bass guitar. Typically, rock is song-based music usually with a 4/4 time signature using a verse-chorus form, like pop music, lyrics often stress romantic love but also address a wide variety of other themes that are frequently social or political in emphasis. Punk was an influence into the 1980s on the subsequent development of subgenres, including new wave, post-punk. From the 1990s alternative rock began to rock music and break through into the mainstream in the form of grunge, Britpop. Similarly, 1970s punk culture spawned the visually distinctive goth and emo subcultures and this trio of instruments has often been complemented by the inclusion of other instruments, particularly keyboards such as the piano, Hammond organ and synthesizers. The basic rock instrumentation was adapted from the blues band instrumentation. A group of musicians performing rock music is termed a rock band or rock group, Rock music is traditionally built on a foundation of simple unsyncopated rhythms in a 4/4 meter, with a repetitive snare drum back beat on beats two and four. Melodies are often derived from older musical modes, including the Dorian and Mixolydian, harmonies range from the common triad to parallel fourths and fifths and dissonant harmonic progressions. Critics have stressed the eclecticism and stylistic diversity of rock, because of its complex history and tendency to borrow from other musical and cultural forms, it has been argued that it is impossible to bind rock music to a rigidly delineated musical definition. These themes were inherited from a variety of sources, including the Tin Pan Alley pop tradition, folk music and rhythm, as a result, it has been seen as articulating the concerns of this group in both style and lyrics. Christgau, writing in 1972, said in spite of some exceptions, rock and roll usually implies an identification of male sexuality, according to Simon Frith rock was something more than pop, something more than rock and roll. Rock musicians combined an emphasis on skill and technique with the concept of art as artistic expression, original. The foundations of music are in rock and roll, which originated in the United States during the late 1940s and early 1950s. Its immediate origins lay in a melding of various musical genres of the time, including rhythm and blues and gospel music, with country. In 1951, Cleveland, Ohio disc jockey Alan Freed began playing rhythm and blues music for a multi-racial audience, debate surrounds which record should be considered the first rock and roll record. Other artists with rock and roll hits included Chuck Berry, Bo Diddley, Fats Domino, Little Richard, Jerry Lee Lewis
10.
Punk rock
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Punk rock is a rock music genre that developed in the early to mid-1970s in the United States, United Kingdom, and Australia. Rooted in 1960s garage rock and other forms of what is now known as proto-punk music, Punk bands typically produced short or fast-paced songs, with hard-edged melodies and singing styles, stripped-down instrumentation, and often political, anti-establishment lyrics. Punk embraces a DIY ethic, many bands self-produce recordings and distribute them through informal channels, the term punk was first used in relation to rock music by some American critics in the early 1970s, to describe garage bands and their devotees. The following year saw punk rock spreading around the world, for the most part, punk took root in local scenes that tended to reject association with the mainstream. An associated punk subculture emerged, expressing youthful rebellion and characterized by distinctive styles of clothing and adornment, by the beginning of the 1980s, faster, more aggressive styles such as hardcore and street punk had become the predominant mode of punk rock. Musicians identifying with or inspired by punk also pursued a range of other variations, giving rise to post-punk. At the end of the 20th century, punk rock had been adopted by the mainstream, as pop punk and punk bands such as Green Day. The first wave of rock was aggressively modern, distancing itself from the bombast. According to Ramones drummer Tommy Ramone, In its initial form, unfortunately, what happens is that people who could not hold a candle to the likes of Hendrix started noodling away. Soon you had endless solos that went nowhere, by 1973, I knew that what was needed was some pure, stripped down, no bullshit rock n roll. In critic Robert Christgaus description, It was also a subculture that rejected the political idealism. Technical accessibility and a DIY spirit are prized in punk rock, in the early days of punk rock, this ethic stood in marked contrast to what those in the scene regarded as the ostentatious musical effects and technological demands of many mainstream rock bands. Musical virtuosity was often looked on with suspicion, according to Holmstrom, punk rock was rock and roll by people who didnt have very many skills as musicians but still felt the need to express themselves through music. In December 1976, the English fanzine Sideburns published an illustration of three chords, captioned This is a chord, this is another, this is a third. The title of a 1980 single by the New York punk band Stimulators, inscribed a catchphrase for punks basic musical approach. The previous year, when the rock revolution began in Great Britain, was to be both a musical and a cultural Year Zero. As a Clash associate describes singer Joe Strummers outlook, Punk rock is meant to be our freedom, were meant to be able to do what we want to do. Scholar Daniel S. Traber argues that attaining authenticity in the identity can be difficult, as the punk scene matured, he observes
11.
Irving Plaza
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Irving Plaza is a ballroom-style music venue located within the Union Square neighborhood of Manhattan in New York City. It was featured on the Complex City Guide list of 50 Best Concert Venues of America in 2013, in 1948 the building was purchased by the Polish Army Veterans of America District 2 and turned into a Polish-American community center. Generals and other distinguished Poles graced its stage including, in 1976, chris Williamson, who already promoted the punk and hard rock oriented Rock Hotel nights at the Ritz, then took over in November 1986. He began programming alternative rock occasionally using the designation Rock Motel, a New Years Eve Rock Hotel show with The Dictators turned nasty after the band initiated a food fight and a bouncer lost his cool and beat some patrons. Plans by the Polish Veterans to convert the building to condos fell through, Williamson continued putting on shows into 1988 including hosting the popular Milky Way hip hop nights but, as Irving Place gentrified, there was increasing local opposition to the hall. A plan by Williamson to present a play in the winter of 1988 fell through and, in December 1988, it was announced that the club would close, the last show was The Ramones on December 31,1988. Dee Dee Ramone praised the venue, It was funky without being a dump, ron Delsener took on management in the early 1990s. However, in May 2010 Live Nation conceded that the new name had not caught on, a replica of the original marquee has been commissioned. In September 2010, the Irving Plaza became the venue for the services of Hillsong Church New York, on February 14,2015 Paul McCartney played a surprise show announced only that morning on Twitter. On May 25,2016,4 people were shot at a T. I. concert before T. I. took the stage, one of the victims died later at a hospital
12.
Sigue Sigue Sputnik
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Sigue Sigue Sputnik were a British new wave band formed in 1982 by former Generation X bassist Tony James. The band had three UK Top 40 hit singles, including the songs Love Missile F1-11 and 21st Century Boy, the band was formed by Tony James, who had just left the band Gen X, and Neal X, who recruited post-punk drag queen Martin Degville. Degville was a designer and supplied the bands wardrobe, and YaYa. Their first gig was in Paris, supporting Johnny Thunders, with James former Gen X colleague and then drummer for Thunders, Mark Laff, on drums. Mick Jones, formerly of The Clash, worked with the band as sound engineer, helped manipulate their sound. The band were signed by EMI, with the band themselves claiming in the press that they had signed for one million pounds and its popularity was boosted by its inclusion in the John Hughes film Ferris Buellers Day Off. The samples used in the single had not received copyright clearance, the album included paid commercials between tracks, James stated prior to its release that they would sell 20-30 second advertising slots for between $2,500 and $7,000. He explained this by saying commercialism is rampant in society, maybe were a little more honest than some groups I could mention, and our records sounded like adverts anyway. Advertisements that did sell were complemented by ironic spoof ads including one for the Sputnik corporation itself claiming that Pleasure is our Business, a subsequent tour was characterised by poor ticket sales and crowd violence. It was two years before the band followed this up, and subsequent releases fared less well, the Stock Aitken Waterman produced Success peaked at number 31 in late 1988 and the singles that followed peaked outside the top 40. Second album Dress for Excess peaked at number 53 in the UK, the band split up in July 1989, with James joining The Sisters of Mercy later that year. Chris Kavanagh went on to Big Audio Dynamite II joining Mick Jones, Degville claimed to have spent the next few years travelling and making a couple of specialist porn films. A collection of demo recordings from 1984 and 1985, along with three tracks from 1990, First Generation, was released in 1991. In 1995, James, X, and Kavanagh formed a new version of the band with Christopher Novak, John Green, and former Gen-X guitarist Bob Derwood Andrews. Their song Cyberspace Party was a hit in Japan. The band split up again but was reformed by James again in 1998, the band was reformed again in 2001 by Degville, James, and X, which resulted in the release of Piratespace. In 2004, Degville left the band to pursue a career, and has performed as Sputnik2, Sputnik2 The Future. Neal X has been playing with Marc Almond, James later formed the group Carbon/Silicon with Mick Jones
13.
Melody Maker
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Melody Maker was a British weekly pop/rock/disco music newspaper, one of the worlds earliest music weeklies. It was founded in 1926, largely as a magazine for dance band musicians, by Leicester-born composer, publisher Lawrence Wright, in 2000 it was merged into long-standing rival New Musical Express. Originally the Melody Maker concentrated on jazz, and had Max Jones, one of the leading British proselytizers for that music and it was slow to cover rock and roll and lost ground to the New Musical Express, which had begun in 1952. MM began its Melody Maker LP charts in November 1958, two years after the Record Mirror published the first UK Albums Chart, MM had larger and more specialised advertising, soon-to-be well-known groups would advertise for musicians. It ran pages devoted to minority interests like folk and jazz, a 1968 Melody Maker poll named John Peel best radio DJ, attention which John Walters revealed may have helped Peel keep his job despite concerns at BBC Radio 1 about Peels style and record selection. Melody Maker supported glam rock and progressive rock in the 1970s, Coleman had been insistent that the paper should look like The Daily Telegraph, but Williams wanted the paper to look more contemporary. He commissioned a design, but this was rejected by Coleman. During this period Melody Maker was described as the journal. In January 1972, in a moment for rock journalism. It was during this interview that Bowie claimed, Im gay, OH YOU PRETTY THING ran the headline, and swiftly became part of pop mythology. Bowie later attributed his success to this interview, stating that, Yeah and it was that piece by Mick Watts. During his tenure at the paper, Watts also toured with and interviewed artists including Syd Barrett, Waylon Jennings, Pink Floyd, Bob Dylan, in 1980, after a strike which had taken the paper out of publication for a period, Williams left MM. Several journalists, such as Chris Bohn and Vivien Goldman, moved to NME, Coleman left in 1981, the papers design was updated, but sales and prestige were at a low ebb through the early 1980s, with NME dominant. While MM continued to devote most space to rock and indie music, it covered techno, rap and post rock, two of the papers writers, Push and Ben Turner, went on to launch IPC Medias monthly dance music magazine Muzik. The paper printed harsh criticism of Ocean Colour Scene and Kula Shaker, in 1992, they gave a French rock band called Darlin a negative review calling them a daft punky thrash. Darlin eventually became the music duo Daft Punk. The magazine retained its large classified ads section, and remained the first call for musicians wanting to form a band, Suede formed through ads placed in the paper. In early 1997, Allan Jones left to edit Uncut and he was replaced by Mark Sutherland, formerly of NME and Smash Hits, who thus fulfilled boyhood dream and stayed on to edit the magazine for three years
14.
The Chemical Brothers
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The Chemical Brothers are an English electronic music duo composed of Tom Rowlands and Ed Simons, originating in Manchester in 1989. Along with The Prodigy, Fatboy Slim, The Crystal Method, in the UK, they have had six number one albums and 13 top 20 singles, including two number ones. Ed Simons was born in Herne Hill, South London on 9 June 1970 to a barrister mother, Simons two main interests when he was young were aeroplanes and musicals. Simons attended two South London public schools, Alleyns School and Dulwich College, during his school years, he developed a fondness for rare groove and hip hop music, having frequented a club called The Mud Club from the age of 14. By the time he left school, his two main interests were two Manchester bands, New Order and The Smiths. After finishing school with 11 O levels and three A levels, he continued on to history, especially late medieval history, at the University of Manchester. Tom Rowlands, a classmate of Simons, was born on 11 January 1971 in Kingston upon Thames. When Rowlands was very young, his family relocated to Henley-on-Thames and he later attended Reading Blue Coat School in Berkshire. In his early teens, his interest in music broadened to other genres and he described the first Public Enemy album as the record that probably changed his life, and commented that Miuzi Weighs a Ton was one of the most amazing tracks he had ever heard. Rowlands also started collecting hip hop records by artists like Eric B and Schoolly D. Rowlands left school with similar accomplishments to Simons, achieving nine O levels and three A levels. For university, he followed Simons to Manchester primarily to immerse himself in its music scene in general, Rowlands was also in a band called Ariel prior to meeting up with Simons. Ariel was formed in London by Rowlands and his friends Brendan Melck and their first single was Sea of Beats, which was essentially a white label. Before Philip Brown set up Echo Logik Records, their first promo was Bokadilo, other songs, released on 12, included Mustnt Grumble and their most well-known, Rollercoaster. After a year on Echo Logik they signed to the record label deConstruction and they insisted that they get a female singer and they recruited former Xpansions frontwoman Sally Ann Marsh, and after some disappointing songs like Let It Slide the band fell apart. One of the last things Ariel did was the song T Baby which was remixed by the pair, in regards to the remix, Ed stated that Ariel symbolically ended when Deconstruction asked us for a Dust Brothers remix of an Ariel track. That was the nail in the coffin. Tom would later say in a TV interview from 1995, One of the blokes went a bit mad, but now hes back at college, and the other one drives our van. Rowlands and Simons then started to DJ at a club called Naked Under Leather in the back of a pub in 1992, the pair would play hip hop, techno, and house
15.
The Prodigy
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The Prodigy are an English electronic music group from Braintree, formed by Liam Howlett in 1990. The members were originally Liam Howlett, Keith Flint, Maxim, Leeroy Thornhill, along with The Chemical Brothers, Fatboy Slim, and others, The Prodigy are credited as pioneers of the big beat genre, which achieved mainstream popularity in the 1990s and 2000s. They have sold over 30 million records worldwide, and won music awards during their career. Awards, five MTV Europe Music Awards, and two Grammy Awards nominations, the groups genre of music uses various styles ranging from rave, hardcore techno, electro-industrial, jungle and breakbeat and big beat, adding punk vocal elements in later times. The Prodigy first emerged in the rave scene in the early 1990s and have since achieved popularity. They earned titles like the dance act for the alternative masses and the Godfathers of Rave. Liam Howlett created an initial 10-track demo, put together on a Roland W-30 music workstation in Essex, England. XL Recordings picked up the demo after Howlett played several tracks to XL boss Nick Halkes in a meeting, the Prodigys name was chosen by Liam as a tribute to his first analogue synthesiser, the Moog Prodigy. The Prodigys first public performance, with Howlett augmented by dancers Keith Flint and Leeroy Thornhill, was at the Four Aces in Dalston, London, Charly, released six months later, became a huge hit in the rave scene at the time. The release reached number 3 in the UK Singles Chart, catapulting the band into the public attention. The Kaos Theory compilation series featured G Force, from their third single, critical reception to the single was generally mixed. The bands first full-length album, the critically acclaimed Experience, followed Charly as a release in the history of British rave music. The album closes with a version of Death of the Prodigy Dancers. There were five singles spawned from the album, Charly, Everybody in the Place, Fire/Jericho, Out of Space, and Wind It Up, the album was a commercial success in the UK, but failed to chart in other countries. Peaking at number 12, it was certified Platinum by the British Phonographic Industry, after Experience and the run of singles that accompanied it, the Prodigy moved to distance themselves from the kiddie rave reputation that now dogged them. The rave scene was beginning to move on from its phase, with the Criminal Justice Acts anti-rave legislation on the horizon. The Prodigy responded to the bill by writing Their Law, in 1993, Howlett released an anonymous white label, bearing only the title Earthbound I. Its hypnotic, hard-edged sound won wide underground approval and it was officially released as One Love later that year, and went on to chart at number 8 in the UK
16.
Moby
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Richard Melville Hall, better known by his stage name Moby, is an American DJ, singer, songwriter, musician, photographer and animal rights activist. He is well known for his music, veganism. Moby has sold over 20 million records worldwide, allMusic considers him one of the most important dance music figures of the early 1990s, helping bring the music to a mainstream audience both in the UK and in America. Moby gained attention in the early 1990s with his dance music work. With his fifth album, the electronica and house music-influenced Play. His next major release, 2005s mostly upbeat Hotel was a departure, incorporating more alternative rock elements than previous albums. It sold around 2 million copies worldwide, Moby released Innocents on October 1,2013 to positive reviews. Following the release of Innocents, Moby released the ambient album, Long Ambients 1, the album was given away for free on his website. Mobys most recent album These Systems Are Failing was released on October 14,2016, the album has received mostly positive reviews. He was raised by his mother in Darien, Connecticut and he has also released music under the names Voodoo Child and Schaumgummi. During the 1980s, Hall played guitar for the punk band Vatican Commandos. Later in the decade, he was a guitarist for the rock group Ultra Vivid Scene. It left me very intrigued and impressed in a strange way, Moby released his first singles for Instinct under several different names, such as Barracuda, Brainstorm, and UHF. His first single was a commercial failure—a rap record with vocalist Jimmy Mack, titled Times Up, featuring several remixes, very few copies were ever sold. His first single under the pseudonym Moby was Mobility, but it was his remix of Mobilitys b-side, Go and he released his eponymous debut in 1992. Some of his singles in 1992 and 1993 were Next Is the E, Thousand. In 1991 and 1992 he remixed The B-52s, The Prodigy, Orbital, Bob Taggett - Mind Metal, Erasure, Michael Jackson and he also provided a rap for a Recoil track called Curse. In 1993, Moby signed with Mute Records and released an EP titled Move and this became his second appearance on Top of the Pops
17.
Garbage (band)
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Garbage is an American-Scottish alternative rock band formed in Madison, Wisconsin, in 1993. The group consists of Scottish musician Shirley Manson and American musicians Duke Erikson, Steve Marker, all four members are involved in songwriting and production. The band have counted worldwide album sales of over 17 million units, follow-up Version 2.0, released in 1998 after a year of production, had an equal commercial success, topping the UK Albums Chart and getting nominations for two Grammy Awards. Garbage followed this up by performing and co-producing the theme song to the nineteenth James Bond movie The World Is Not Enough, despite critical acclaim, Garbages 2001 third album Beautiful Garbage failed to match the commercial success achieved by its predecessors. Garbage quietly disbanded amidst the production of fourth album Bleed Like Me, but regrouped to complete the album. The band cut short their concert tour in support of Bleed Like Me announcing a hiatus, emphasizing that they had not broken up. The hiatus was briefly interrupted in 2007, as Garbage recorded new tracks for greatest hits retrospective Absolute Garbage, Garbage ultimately regrouped in 2011, releasing Not Your Kind of People in 2012 and Strange Little Birds in 2016, via the bands own independent label, Stunvolume. Duke Erikson and Butch Vig had been in bands, including Spooner. In 1983, Vig and Marker founded Smart Studios in Madison, Spooner reunited in 1990 and released another record, but disbanded in 1993 as Vig and Markers career as producers gained strength. The remixes featured different instrumentation, and often highlighting new guitar hooks and this experience inspired the three men to form a band, where they wanted to take that remix sensibility and somehow translate it into all of the possibilities of a band setup. Initial sessions with Vig on vocals, along with the members past work with all-male groups, Marker was watching 120 Minutes when he saw the music video for Angelfishs Suffocate Me. He showed the video to Erikson and Vig while their manager Shannon OShea tracked down the bands singer, when Manson was contacted, she did not know who Vig was and was urged to check the credits on Nevermind, the popular Nirvana album which Vig produced. On April 8,1994, Manson met Erikson, Marker, later that evening Vig was informed of Nirvana frontman Kurt Cobains suicide. Garbage was put on hold until Angelfish was finished touring North America in support of Live, Erikson, Marker, and Vig attended the Metro Chicago date, and Manson was invited to Madison to audition for the band. The audition did not go well, but Manson socialized with the men while there, Angelfish disbanded at the end of the Live tour. Manson called OShea and asked to again, feeling that it could work out. The first songs were versions of the songs Stupid Girl, Queer and Vow. Manson had never written a song prior to this session, nevertheless, lyrics were penned at a cabin in the north woods of Wisconsin while the songs were recorded at Smart Studios
18.
Computer-generated imagery
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The term CGI animation refers to dynamic CGI rendered as a movie. The term virtual world refers to agent-based, interactive environments, Computer graphics software is used to make computer-generated imagery for films, etc. Availability of CGI software and increased computer speeds have allowed artists and small companies to produce professional-grade films, games. This has brought about an Internet subculture with its own set of global celebrities, clichés, the evolution of CGI led to the emergence of virtual cinematography in the 1990s where runs of the simulated camera are not constrained by the laws of physics. Not only do animated images form part of computer-generated imagery, natural looking landscapes are generated via computer algorithms. A simple way to generate fractal surfaces is to use an extension of the triangular mesh method, relying on the construction of special case of a de Rham curve. The creation of a Brownian surface may be achieved not only by adding noise as new nodes are created, thus a topographical map with varying levels of height can be created using relatively straightforward fractal algorithms. Some typical, easy-to-program fractals used in CGI are the plasma fractal, modern architects use services from computer graphic firms to create 3-dimensional models for both customers and builders. These computer generated models can be accurate than traditional drawings. Architectural animation can also be used to see the relationship a building will have in relation to the environment. The rendering of architectural spaces without the use of paper and pencil tools is now an accepted practice with a number of computer-assisted architectural design systems. Architectural modeling tools allow an architect to visualize a space and perform walk-throughs in an interactive manner, Architectural modeling tools have now become increasingly internet-based. However, the quality of internet-based systems still lags behind those of sophisticated in-house modeling systems, in some applications, computer-generated images are used to reverse engineer historical buildings. Computer generated models used in animation are not always anatomically correct. However, organizations such as the Scientific Computing and Imaging Institute have developed anatomically correct computer-based models, Computer generated anatomical models can be used both for instructional and operational purposes. To date, a body of artist produced medical images continue to be used by medical students, such as images by Frank H. Netter. However, a number of anatomical models are becoming available. A single patient X-ray is not a computer generated image, even if digitized, however, in applications which involve CT scans a three-dimensional model is automatically produced from a large number of single slice x-rays, producing computer generated image
19.
Anime
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Anime is Japanese hand-drawn or computer animation. The word is the pronunciation of animation in Japanese, where this term references all animation. Arguably, the abstract approach to the words meaning may open up the possibility of anime produced in countries other than Japan. For simplicity, many Westerners strictly view anime as a Japanese animation product, some scholars suggest defining anime as specifically or quintessentially Japanese may be related to a new form of orientalism. The earliest commercial Japanese animation dates to 1917, and Japanese anime production has continued to increase steadily. Anime is distributed theatrically, by way of television broadcasts, directly to home media and it is classified into numerous genres targeting diverse broad and niche audiences. Anime is an art form with distinctive production methods and techniques that have been adapted over time in response to emergent technologies. It consists of an ideal story-telling mechanism, combining art, characterization, cinematography. The production of anime focuses less on the animation of movement and more on the realism of settings as well as the use of effects, including panning, zooming. Being hand-drawn, anime is separated from reality by a gap of fiction that provides an ideal path for escapism that audiences can immerse themselves into with relative ease. Diverse art styles are used and character proportions and features can be quite varied, the anime industry consists of over 430 production studios, including major names like Studio Ghibli, Gainax, and Toei Animation. Despite comprising only a fraction of Japans domestic film market, anime makes up a majority of Japanese DVD sales and it has also seen international success after the rise of English-dubbed programming. This rise in popularity has resulted in non-Japanese productions using the anime art style. Anime is an art form, specifically animation, that all genres found in cinema. In Japanese, the term refers to all forms of animation from around the world. In English, anime is more used to denote a Japanese-style animated film or television entertainment or as a style of animation created in Japan. The etymology of the anime is disputed. The English term animation is written in Japanese katakana as アニメーション and is アニメ in its shortened form, in English, anime—when used as a common noun—normally functions as a mass noun
20.
Appleseed (film)
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Appleseed is a 2004 Japanese computer animated anime science fiction action film directed by Shinji Aramaki and based on the Appleseed manga created by Masamune Shirow. It features the acting of Ai Kobayashi, Jūrōta Kosugi, Mami Koyama, Yuki Matsuoka. The film tells the story of Deunan Knute, a soldier, who searches for data that can restore the reproductive capabilities of bioroids. Although it shares characters and settings with the manga, this films storyline is a re-interpretation. This Appleseed film should not be confused with the 1988 OVA which was inspired by the manga. Appleseed received a release on April 17,2004. Deunan Knute, a soldier and one of the Global Wars last survivors, is rescued by Hitomi. Knutes escape attempt is stopped by her former lover Briareos Hecatonchires and she realizes that the war had ended and she is in a Utopian city called Olympus. Its population is half-human and half-clone, a species called Bioroids. Olympus is governed by three factions, Prime Minister Athena Areios, General Edward Uranus III, head of the Olympus Army, everything in the city is observed by an artificial intelligence named Gaia from a building called Tartaros. While there, Deunan joins the counter-terrorism organization ESWAT, the Bioroids were created from the DNA of Deunans father, Carl, making the Second Generation Bioroids her brothers and sisters. However, they have a shorter lifespan than humans due to suppressed reproductive capabilities. The Bioroids life extension facilities are destroyed by a faction of the Regular Army in a terrorist attack against the Bioroids. However, the Appleseed data, which information on restoring the Bioroids reproduction capabilities. Olympus is plagued by conflicting factions, along with a strike force, Deunan and Briareos head to the building where the Bioroids were originally created. She activates a holographic recording showing the location of the Appleseed data, Dr. Gilliam Knute, who created the Bioroids, entrusted Appleseed to Deunan, but was inadvertently killed by a soldier. They are betrayed and cornered by the Regular Army, Deunan discovers from anti-Bioroid terrorist Colonel Hades that Briareos had intentionally allowed his Landmate, a large exoskeleton-like battlesuit, to escape. Kudoh allows Deunan and Briareos to escape to the rooftop before he is killed, Uranus attempts to convince Deunan that Bioroids seek to control humanity, and he wants to destroy Appleseed and the D-Tank containing the Bioroid reproductive activation mechanism
21.
Dodge
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Dodge is an American brand of cars, minivans, and sport utility vehicles manufactured by FCA US LLC, based in Auburn Hills, Michigan. The factory was located in Hamtramck, Michigan and was called the Dodge Main factory from 1910 until its closing in January 1980. The Dodge brothers both died in 1920, and the company was sold by their families to Dillon, Read & Co. in 1925 before being sold to Chrysler in 1928. Dodge vehicles mainly consisted of trucks and full-sized passenger cars through the 1970s, though it made memorable compact cars and midsize cars (such as the B-Body Coronet and Charger from 1962-79. The 1973 oil crisis and its subsequent impact on the American automobile industry led Chrysler to develop the K platform of compact to midsize cars for the 1981 model year. The K platform and its derivatives are credited with reviving Chryslers business in the 1980s, in 2011, Dodge, Ram, and Dodges Viper were separated. Dodge said that the Dodge Viper would be an SRT product, in 2014, SRT was merged back into Dodge. Later that year, Chrysler Group was renamed FCA US LLC, corresponding with the merger of Fiat S. p. A. chief among these customers were the established Olds Motor Vehicle Company and the then-new Ford Motor Company. The first machine shop where the brothers worked together as parts suppliers for Olds, the location was replaced by a larger facility at Hastings Street and Monroe Avenue, which is now a parking garage for the Greektown Casino Hotel. By 1910 the Dodge Main factory was built in Hamtramck, where it remained until 1979, by 1914, John and Horace had created the new four-cylinder Dodge Model 30. S. That same year, Henry Ford decided to stop paying stock dividends to finance the construction of his new River Rouge complex. This led the Dodges to file suit to protect their annual earnings of approximately one million dollars, leading Ford to buy out his shareholders. Also in 1916, the Dodge Brothers vehicles won acclaim for durability while in service with the U. S. Armys Pancho Villa Expedition into Mexico. One notable instance was in May when the 6th Infantry received a reported sighting of Julio Cárdenas, lt. George S. Patton led ten soldiers and two civilian guides in three Dodge Model 30 touring cars to conduct a raid at a ranch house in San Miguelito, Sonora. During the ensuing firefight the party killed three men, of one was identified as Cárdenas. Pattons men tied the bodies to the hoods of the Dodges, returning to headquarters in Dublán, Dodge Brothers cars continued to rank second place in American sales in 1920. However, the year, tragedy struck as John Dodge was felled by pneumonia in January. His brother Horace then died of cirrhosis in December of the same year, with the loss of both founders, the Dodge Brothers Company passed into the hands of the brothers widows, who promoted long-time employee Frederick Haynes to the company presidency
22.
Vexille
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Vexille is a 2007 Japanese CGI anime film, written, directed, and edited by famed Ping Pong director Fumihiko Sori, and features the voices of Meisa Kuroki, Yasuko Matsuyuki, and Shosuke Tanihara. By the 2060s, robotics technology has become extremely advanced, including cybernetics, world opinion begins to turn against robotics, leading to the U. N. declaring a unilateral ban on further research in 2067. Japan, being home to robotics pioneer Daiwa Heavy Industries, strongly protests this ban, in protest, Japan withdraws from international politics. All foreigners are deported, and further immigration is prohibited, network is constructed —270 off-shore installations that cover Japan with an energy field, nullifying all communication with the outside world and making satellite surveillance impossible. Trade and diplomacy continues, but Japan vanishes from the world scene, ten years later, the United States Navy special warfare unit SWORD is trying to trap a Japanese informant for Daiwa in Colorado. The instigator, Saito, escapes by cutting off his own leg, analysis shows the leg is made of bio-metal. SWORD suspects that Japan has concealed extensive development of banned technologies and they embark on an unapproved scheme to infiltrate Japan and to find out the frequency of the R. A. C. E. Network, enabling SWORD to gather intelligence on the country, although the agents successfully enter Japan, they are detected by security forces before they can transmit their data. Vexille is the sole SWORD agent to capture, and only her lover Leon survives to be taken to Daiwas headquarters. Vexille awakens to find Tokyo is now a shanty town ruled by Daiwa, a small resistance movement opposes the company, and uses Vexilles transmitter to successfully transmit the distortion frequency. Maria, the head of the resistance, details the 10 years of secrecy while SWORD studies Japan in shocked horror — the islands are a lifeless wasteland, in 2067, an unknown disease struck Japan and was countered by an experimental vaccine. In actuality, the disease was created by Daiwa and the vaccine was used as an excuse for Daiwa to begin testing experimental nanotechnology, every Japanese citizen was converted into a form of synthetic life. But there were side effects, the conversion was imperfect, resulting in the infected humans losing their free will. Some of the nanotech went amok, creating the Jags, giant whirling constructs of semisentient metal that prowl the wilderness, the Jags destroyed all of Japan, save Tokyo which is protected by an inedible wall of ceramic. The Resistance plans to draw the Jags along a bridge to Daiwas corporate headquarters. They are taken to Kisaragi, the master of Daiwa, who boasts that his research is nearly complete, and as he needs more test subjects, he is going to invade America. Vexille attacks him with a knife, revealing that his blood is still human — he has not used the process himself. The town council forces the gates open, destroying Tokyo
23.
The Dark Knight (film)
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The Dark Knight is a 2008 superhero film directed, produced, and co-written by Christopher Nolan. Nolans inspiration for the film was the Jokers comic book debut in 1940, the 1988 graphic novel The Killing Joke, and the 1996 series The Long Halloween, the nickname the Dark Knight was first applied to Batman in Batman #1, in a story written by Bill Finger. The Dark Knight was filmed primarily in Chicago, as well as in other locations in the United States, the United Kingdom. Nolan used IMAX70 mm film cameras to film some sequences, Warner Bros. initially created a viral marketing campaign for The Dark Knight, developing promotional websites and trailers highlighting screenshots of Ledger as the Joker. With over $1 billion in worldwide, it is the 26th-highest-grossing film of all time. The film received eight Academy Award nominations, it won the award for Best Sound Editing, the Dark Knight Rises, the final film in the trilogy, was released on July 20,2012. A gang of criminals rob a Gotham City mob bank, double-crossing and murdering each other there is only one left, The Joker. Batman, District Attorney Harvey Dent and Lieutenant Jim Gordon form an alliance to rid Gotham of organized crime, Mob bosses Sal Maroni, Gambol and the Chechen hold a videoconference with corrupt accountant Lau, who has taken their funds and fled to Hong Kong. The Joker interrupts, warns them that Batman is unhindered by the law, and offers to him in exchange for half of their money. After escaping and smuggling himself as a corpse, the Joker kills Gambol, the mob ultimately decides to take the Joker up on his offer. Dent arrests the mob, while Batman finds Lau in Hong Kong. The Joker threatens to keep killing people unless Batman reveals his identity, and starts by murdering Police Commissioner Gillian B. Loeb, the Joker also tries to kill Mayor Anthony Garcia, but Gordon sacrifices himself to stop the assassination. Dent learns that Rachel is the next target, Bruce decides to reveal his secret identity. Before he can, however, Dent announces that he is Batman, Dent is taken into protective custody, but the Joker appears and attacks the convoy. Batman comes to Dents rescue and Gordon, who faked his death, Rachel and Dent are escorted away by Michael Wuertz and Anna Ramirez, detectives on Maronis payroll. Batman interrogates the Joker, who reveals that Rachel and Dent have been trapped in separate locations rigged with explosives, Batman races to save Rachel, while Gordon goes to save Dent. Batman arrives at the building, realizing that the Joker sent him to Dents location instead, both buildings explode, killing Rachel and disfiguring half of Dents face. The Joker escapes the jail with Lau. Coleman Reese, an accountant at Wayne Enterprises, deduces that Bruce is Batman, after observing the unpredictability of the Joker, Maroni informs the Jokers location to Commissioner Gordon
24.
PlayStation Store
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The PlayStation Store is a digital media store available to users of Sonys PlayStation 3, PlayStation 4, PlayStation Vita and PlayStation Portable game consoles via the PlayStation Network. The store offers a range of downloadable content both for purchase and available free of charge, available content includes full games, add-on content, playable demos, themes and game/movie trailers. The PlayStation Store is updated with new content each Tuesday in North America and South America, the service is also available online through the Sony Entertainment Network website. A master PlayStation Network account is required to access the PlayStation Store, a log of all previously purchased items, known as Download List, records each PlayStation Store accounts complete download activity. A guest user can use their master accounts Download List to download free content or to purchase content on another console, however and this was previously five, but as of November 2011, Sony reduced this to two. The most recent firmware must be installed on the console in order to access the PlayStation Store, each master account is associated with an online virtual wallet to which funds can be added. This wallet is then debited when a purchase is made from the store, money can be added to the wallet through different systems of payment, although some of these are not available in all countries. The user can add funds to their wallet in a number of ways, users in many regions can also purchase PlayStation Network Cards or Tickets in set denominations from retailers including supermarkets or video game stores. These funds are redeemed on the PlayStation Store when the user enters the unique 12-digit code found on the card into the PlayStation Store, nintendo themselves later adopted this currency system for their succeeding eShop. As of July 2013, the UK users of the store can top up their wallet via a mobile phone, the PlayStation Store was launched on the PlayStation 3 on November 11,2006 and is accessible via an icon under the PlayStation Network category of the XMB. There are four different versions of the PlayStation Store, Asia, Europe, Japan, there is no PlayStation Store in China. Officially 16 downloads can be queued up at a time, the status of the downloads can only be checked on the XMB under the Network category. If the messaging service is enabled, a message will appear in the top right corner of the screen to notify the user that a download is finished. Cross-platform content such as emulated PlayStation games, PS Vita games and demos, some cross-platform store content such as emulated PlayStation games and demos can be transferred from the PlayStation 3 to the PlayStation Portables Memory Stick via a USB connection. After the installation of firmware version 5.00 released on October 15,2008 and it is accessible under the PlayStation Network category on the PSPs XMB. However, users who do not have any method for connecting wirelessly can still use the PlayStation Store on the PC using Media Go. Following feedback from a number of PlayStation Network users, a redesigned version of the PlayStation Store was launched on April 15,2008 via a firmware update. The new design was OS based rather than the previous Stores web based design enabling the Store to process more quickly
25.
Xam'd: Lost Memories
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The series received its television premiere across Japan on MBS, CBC, Tokyo MX and other Japanese broadcast networks from April 2009, featuring new opening and ending theme sequences. Xamd, Lost Memories spanned a total of 26 episodes, on its launch week, its pilot episode was the most downloaded video on the PlayStation Network at E3. The second set was released on November 9,2010 on DVD, Sentan Island exists in a state of dreamlike tranquility, surrounded by the Yuden Sea, cut off from the war between the Northern Government and the Southern Continent Free Zone. Akiyuki Takehara lives on Sentan Island along with his mother Fusa, despite his mothers strained relationship with his father, Ryuzo, the town doctor, the bond between father and son remains strong. One day the islands tranquility is shattered, when Akiyuki, along with his best friends Haru, the explosion produces a mysterious light which enters Akiyukis arm. With no time to understand what has happened, Akiyuki is transformed into a creature called Xamd, accepting her offer, Akiyuki embarks on a journey of discovery that will take him to new lands, and help him understand the connection between himself and the world of Xamd. Akiyuki Takehara Voiced by, Atsushi Abe, Blake Shepard The main protagonist of the series, a chance encounter with a Ruikon girl catapults him into the world of Xamd. Nakiami Voiced by, Yuuko Sanpei, Luci Christian The main female protagonist of the series, Nakiami lives on Zanbani and she knows a great deal of the world of Xamd, and assists Akiyuki in controlling his powers. She wishes for a world bereft of conflict, Haru Nishimura Voiced by, Fumiko Orikasa, Monica Rial Haru is a high school student on Sentan Island, and a childhood friend of Akiyukis. She made a promise with Akiyukis mother that she would look after him, after Akiyuki embarks on his journey into the world of Xamd, she joins the military in hopes of seeing him once again. Aniplex, Bones The score to the series is composed by Michiru Oshima, known for her work on the Godzilla movie franchise, for the PSN distribution, the opening was Shut Up and Explode from the Boom Boom Satellites 2007 album Exposed and the ending was Vacancy. For the syndicated TV broadcasts, the Boom Boom Satellites 2009 single Back on My Feet was used as a theme and Kylees songs Just Breathe. For the TV broadcasts, both the old PSN and new TV themes were used in different combinations, each with different animation sequences. The manga adaptation of the series, written by Masahiro Kawanabe, began serialization in Ace Assault and Shōnen Ace since December 9,2008, Xamd, Lost Memories official website Xamd, Lost Memories at Anime News Networks encyclopedia ANN review
26.
Flo Rida
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Tramar Lacel Dillard, known professionally as Flo Rida, is an American rapper, singer, and songwriter from Carol City, Florida. His 2008 breakout single Low was number one for 10 weeks in the United States, Flo Ridas debut studio album, 2008s Mail on Sunday, reached number four in the US. The album was succeeded by R. O. O. T. S and his subsequent albums, 2010s Only One Flo and 2012s Wild Ones, also charted on the US Billboard 200 chart. Flo Rida has sold over 80 million digital downloads, making him one of the music artists. His catalog includes the international singles Right Round, Club Cant Handle Me, Good Feeling, Wild Ones, Whistle, I Cry, G. D. F. R. and My House. Flo Rida was born as Tramar Lacel Dillard in Carol City, Florida and his parents raised him and his seven sisters together, some of whom sang in a local gospel group. His brother-in-law was a man for local rap group 2 Live Crew. The GroundHoggz had been a group, with members who lived in the same apartment complex as Flo Rida. They started recording at underground studios in Carver Ranches, the GroundHoggz, in this four-man incarnation, remained together for eight years. Flo Ridas work with 2 Live Crew member Fresh Kid Ice, attracted the attention of DeVante Swing, however, he was rejected by several of the major labels, so he sought many other jobs outside of music. After graduating from school in 1998, he studied international business management at the University of Nevada. He returned to Florida to continue pursuing his career after receiving a phone call from a representative of the independent label Poe Boy Entertainment. Flo Rida signed with Hot Boyz, in 2000 and with Poe Boy, in 2004 and began affiliating himself for Cash Money with other Southern hip hop artists, such as Rick Ross, Trina, T-Pain, and Trick Daddy. A promotional single entitled Birthday, featuring Rick Ross, was his first significant release. He made his debut guest appearance with the song Bitch Im From Dade County on DJ Khaleds album We the Best, which also features Trick Daddy, Trina, Rick Ross, Brisco, C-Ride, Flo Ridas debut album, Mail on Sunday, was released in March 2008. The first single was Low, featuring T-Pain, which was included in the soundtrack to the movie Step Up 2. Low reached No.1 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart, Elevator, featuring Timbaland, In the Ayer featuring will. i. am, and Roll featuring Sean Kingston followed, and both charted on the Hot 100 and other charts. In addition to T-Pain, there were featured guests throughout Mail on Sunday
27.
Kick It Out (Boom Boom Satellites song)
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Kick It Out is a song by electronica/rock duo Boom Boom Satellites. The song was included as the lead track on their fifth album On. In 2009, the Boom Boom Satellites collaborated with Tahj Mowry and Flo Rida to produce a new version of the song featuring new lyrics sung by Mowry, co-written by Marquist Johnson and Jonathan Perry. Records to set up the collaboration and this version of Kick It Out is not currently featured on any Boom Boom Satellites albums, but may be in the future. This was later confirmed when it was decided to include the track on the Boom Boom Satellites remix best album Remixed
28.
Back on My Feet (Boom Boom Satellites song)
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Back on My Feet is the tenth single by Japanese electronica/rock duo the Boom Boom Satellites, released on July 1,2009. It is their first release in two years, the title track Back on My Feet is used as an opening theme for the Japanese television broadcast of Xamd, Lost Memories. Two limited edition versions of the EP were released, one contained a DVD with the video for Back on My Feet. Boom Boom Satellites official website Xamd, Lost Memories official website
29.
New York Comic Con
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The New York Comic Con is an annual New York City fan convention dedicated to comics, graphic novels, anime, manga, video games, toys, movies, and television. It was first held in 2006, ReedPOP is involved with other events, including Chicago Comic & Entertainment Expo and PAX Dev/PAX East/PAX Prime. ReedPop and New York Comic Con were founded by Greg Topalian, the first con was held in 2006 at the Jacob K. Javits Convention Center. Due to Reed Exhibitions lack of experience with comic conventions, attendance was far more than anticipated, despite crowding on Friday afternoon, tickets continued to be sold due to low pre-reg numbers, and the non-counting of professionals and exhibitors. The main exhibition hall hit capacity Saturday morning and was locked by the marshals until people left. Major guests, including Kevin Smith and Frank Miller, could not enter the main hall, the line to enter the convention wrapped around the building with waits of two hours to enter, and many were turned away. Ticket sales for Sunday were suspended, Reed announced that additional space would be acquired for the 2007 show. The second con was held in 2007, with the convention organizer booking double the floor space than the previous years space, the show on Friday was again only open to industry and press until 4 p. m. when it opened to the public. Due to better planning, advance sales were controlled. Lines started forming at midnight Saturday to enter the convention, and by Saturday morning, crowding was a problem in the Artists Alley, which was off the main convention floor, causing it to be moved to the main floor for 2008. The American Anime Awards, hosted by New York Comic Con, was held on February 24 at the New Yorker Hotel, the third con held in 2008 moved to April, continued to grow, and occupied most of the main level in the Javits Center. Stan Lee was awarded the inaugural New York Comics Legend Award at the Times Square Virgin Megastore before the Comic Con, kids Day programming was added to the convention on Sunday with the help of Kidss Comic Con. The fourth con held in 2009 returned to February and featured a charity art auction to support The Hero Initiative, the New York Anime Festival, previously a separate event created by Reed, was also merged into Comic Con. The main floor of the center was split by a large construction area due to repairs to the Javits Center. Intel Extreme Masters Global Challenge – New York took place in Comic Con 2011 and it featured eSport tournaments for games such as StarCraft II, League of Legends, and Counter-Strike. In 2011, the convention was expanded to four days, the first day of the convention was initially limited to press, professionals, and fans that purchased a four-day pass. This changed in 2013, when single day Thursday passes were put on sale for the first time. With this addition, attendance at New York Comic Con grew to over 130,000, in 2016, it was announced that everyone attending NYCC2016 would be required to complete a Fan Verification profile
30.
Mobile Suit Gundam Unicorn
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Mobile Suit Gundam Unicorn is a novel by popular Japanese author Harutoshi Fukui. The novel takes place in Gundams Universal Century timeline, character and mechanical designs are provided by Yoshikazu Yasuhiko and Hajime Katoki, respectively. An anime adaptation was produced by Sunrise as an original video animation series. It was directed by Kazuhiro Furuhashi, Mobile Suit Gundam Unicorn RE,0096 premiered on Adult Swims Toonami block on January 7,2017. The story revolves around Banagher Links, a normal boy living and going to school in the space colonies. His life changes one day when he meets a girl named Audrey Burne, as the encounter brings him into contact with a new Gundam, Fukui also wrote a prequel novel, which was bundled with the PlayStation 3 games Special Edition released on March 8,2012. Mobile Suit Gundam Unicorn - The Postwar War contains a story set two years before the events of the first episode. It deals with Full Frontals origins and how the Neo Zeon stole the Sinanju, both books were compiled into the 11th volume, released in March 26,2016, the first of a series of short stories that take place around that point of the Universal Century. A manga adaptation titled Mobile Suit Gundam Unicorn Bande Dessinée started serialization in Kadokawa Shotens Gundam Ace in early 2010, the manga is written by Fukui Harutoshi and illustrated by Kouzou Oomori. Its first tankōbon volume was released on July 26,2010, in the June 2009 issue of the Japanese monthly manga magazine Gundam Ace, it was announced that an anime adaptation of Gundam Unicorn was green-lit for late 2009 and later moved to spring 2010. It is directed by Kazuhiro Furuhashi and features written by Yasuyuki Muto. Hajime Katoki, who was the designer for the novel, works on the anime alongside veteran designers Junya Ishigaki and Mika Akitaka. Yoshikazu Yasuhikos character designs were adapted for the series Kumiko Takahashi, and it was planned to be six 50-minute episodes with a worldwide release. However, on May 13,2012, Bandai announced that the storyline will wrap up with a seventh episode, the series premiered on PlayStation Network Japan for PlayStation 3 and PlayStation Portable systems on February 20,2010. The Blu-ray Disc edition was released worldwide on March 12,2010. Bandai Entertainment released the first four episodes of Unicorn on DVD before shutting down in 2012, Sunrise released the OVA series on DVD in North America in four volumes with distribution from Right Stuf Inc. beginning in August 2013. The series ran for 22 episodes and ended on September 11,2016 and this is the first Gundam series to air on TV Asahi since After War Gundam X which ended in 1996. The RX-0 Unicorn Gundam is one of the playable secret mobile suits in Mobile Suit Gundam, Gundam vs. Gundam Next, for the PlayStation Portable port Mobile Suit Gundam, Gundam vs. Gundam Next Plus, the Unicorn is joined by the NZ-666 Kshatriya
31.
Broken Mirror
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Broken Mirror is a song by Japanese electronica/rock duo Boom Boom Satellites, scheduled for release on June 6,2012. It serves as the song for the fifth episode of the Mobile Suit Gundam Unicorn OVA series. It is the first English-language song used in the series, after previous episodes featured songs by Chiaki Kuriyama, Kylee, CHEMISTRY, and earthmind. The single was released in two editions, an edition with only the title track and a remix of the track. The standard edition will include special CD-ROM data that consists of the different parts of the song to be used in remixing. In cooperation with Nico Nico Douga, the band will be hosting a remix contest using this content, on April 24,2012, Boom Boom Satellites hosted a Ustream show where they filmed parts of the music video live. They made use of a Scanning Control Live Projection system to provide the visuals for the video and they collaborated with EDP Graphic Works for the visual effects, wardrobe stylist Shinichi Miter, writer Kensaku Kakimoto, and it was produced by RocknRoll Japan. The video was released on May 23,2012, all tracks written by Boom Boom Satellites. Boom Boom Satellites official website Gundam Unicorn official website
32.
Niconico
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Niconico, formerly known as Nico Nico Douga or Nico-dō for short, is a video sharing website in Japan managed by Dwango. Niconico or nikoniko is the Japanese ideophone for smiling, as of September 2015, Niconico is the eighth most visited website in Japan. The site won the Japanese Good Design Award in 2007, users can upload, view and share video clips. Unlike other video sharing sites, however, comments are overlaid directly onto the video and this allows comments to respond directly to events occurring in the video, in sync with the viewer—creating a sense of a shared watching experience. Tags may be edited by any user, not just the uploader, Each video may have up to ten tags, of which up to five may be optionally locked by the uploader, but all others may be edited by any user. Frequently these tags are used not only as categorization, but also as critical commentary, satire, the site is also known for its MAD videos and its medleys of popular songs on the website, most notably Kumikyoku Nico Nico Douga. Certain original net animations have been distributed on the website, such as Candy Boy, Tentai Senshi Sunred, other features include, High video quality, Niconico encourages users to pre-encode their videos in a format suitable for unmodified distribution. As of July 5,2008, H.264 video, mylist, Each user may create mylists, which function similarly to a list of bookmarks. All users can create up to 25 mylist folders, while a basic account can have 100 videos recorded, daily mylist activity is used to compute the default ranking view, although one may also sort by view or comment count. Mylists may be made public and linked to, for example. Uploader comments, The uploader of a video may attach permanent comments to the video and these are often used for such things as subtitles, lyrics, or corrections. The first version of Niconico used YouTube as a video source, however, as the site became more popular, so much traffic was transferred from YouTube that YouTube blocked access from Niconico. Consequently, Niconico was forced to shut down the service but two later it commenced its service with its own video server. On May 7,2007, a Niconico for mobile phone users was announced, since August 9,2007, Nico Nico Douga Mobile has serviced mobile phones of NTT DoCoMo and au. As of October 31,2011, Niconico has over 23,690,000 registered users,6,870,000 mobile users and 1,390,000 premium users. Due to the server capacity, Niwango limits the amount of free users accessible to the website at peak times. The website is written in Japanese and the majority of the traffic is from Japan, although approximately four percent is from outside Japan. A Taiwanese version of the site was launched on October 18,2007, in July 2008, the website was localized to German and Spanish
33.
Remixed (Boom Boom Satellites album)
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Remixed is the first remix album by Japanese electronica/rock duo Boom Boom Satellites. The release of Remixed was postponed by the due to issues concerning the album artwork. Amazon MP3 listings place the new release date at November 28,2012, the albums artwork was later changed, announced on October 5,2012, and the new release date for the album set at November 7,2012. All tracks written by Boom Boom Satellites
34.
Starship Troopers: Invasion
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Starship Troopers, Invasion, also known as Starship Troopers 4, Invasion, is a Japanese-American 2012 computer animated military science fiction film directed by Shinji Aramaki. The fourth installment of the Starship Troopers film series, it was released in Japan on July 21,2012, on an asteroid, the Terran Federations Fort Casey is crawling with bugs. The starship Alesia begins to deploy its Mobile Infantry troopers, by dropship, to seize and control the hangar, Lieutenant Daughertys Alpha team lands and immediately engages bugs, fighting through to rendezvous with the surviving Fort Casey troopers. After setting explosives charges, the head to the starship John A. Warden for evacuation, only to see it leave dock without them – Minister Carl Jenkins has commandeered the Warden from Captain Carmen Ibanez, before leaving, Jenkins orders that Major Henry Hero Varro, the commander of Fort Caseys K-12 troopers, be escorted to Alesia as a prisoner. Alesia docks with Fort Casey for emergency evacuation of the troopers. While en route to Earth, Alesia is contacted by General Johnny Rico from High Command at L-6 Base. When he orders Alesia to search for the Warden, which has broken all contact, when they find the Warden, Daughertys team escorts Ibanez to the bridge while Varros team secures the Engine Room, both teams finding nothing but dead crewmen and a few dead bugs. Varro finds a deranged Jenkins and is warned – too late – not to power up the Warden as she has hacked all the systems, as the engines recharge the Warden, an Arachnid Queen inside takes control of all systems and opens bulkhead doors to release her bugs. As Ibanez and the attempt to return to Alesia, the Queen uses the Wardens main weapons to destroy the other ship. General Rico deploys three starships from the L-6 Base in Earth orbit, but they are unable to stop the Warden, back on the Warden, the five surviving troopers make their way towards the Queen. Ice Blonde protects Ibanez at a nearby airlock while Mech and Ratzass go to the room to blow it up. When Varro and Bugspray find Trigs corpse, Bugspray uses Trigs family-made sniper rifle to buy Varro some time to reach the Queen, Rico is the only one from his squad to reach the Warden. The extraction shuttle from L-6, and the strike, are all destroyed by the Queens control of the Wardens weapons. As Jenkins leads the team to his shuttle from Fort Casey, Rico rushes to distract the queen, Varro, critically injured, blows a grenade when surrounded by bugs. Rico abandons his broken Marauder suit and uses a knife on one of the Queens eyes. Rico barely sprints back into the dropship as it escapes the Warden before the explosives detonate, Mech, Ice and Ratzass pay their respect to their fallen comrades while Ibanez confronts Jenkins over the recent crises. Jenkins sidesteps the issue, telling Rico and Ibanez that his research will save the entire galaxy
35.
Embrace (Boom Boom Satellites album)
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Embrace is the eighth studio album by Japanese electronic/rock duo Boom Boom Satellites. Released on January 9,2013, Embrace serves as the bands 15th anniversary release, songs on the album include their single Broken Mirror and the song Drifter, which was used in Sonys Xperia commercials. The album will also be sold in an edition that contains a DVD. JPU Records released the album in the UK, Europe and Russia on 2 September 2013, the CD version from JPU Records contained an exclusive remix of Snow. The band will also livestream the final mastering of the album at New York Citys Sterling Sound studio on Nico Nico Douga, the first promotional single from Embrace was a cover of the Beatles Helter Skelter, the duos first ever cover song. This was followed by the release of digital single of the track Nine. In addition, album versions of previous promotional singles Another Perfect Day, on December 29,2012, the band revealed that, while on a doctors visit, guitarist and vocalist Michiyuki Kawashima had been diagnosed with the symptoms of a brain tumor. The band decided to set aside January and March 2013 as the time Kawashima could undergo treatment and recover, all tracks written by Boom Boom Satellites, unless otherwise stated
36.
The Beatles
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The Beatles were an English rock band, formed in Liverpool in 1960. With members John Lennon, Paul McCartney, George Harrison and Ringo Starr, the Beatles built their reputation playing clubs in Liverpool and Hamburg over a three-year period from 1960, with Stuart Sutcliffe initially serving as bass player. The core of Lennon, McCartney and Harrison went through a succession of drummers, including Pete Best, before asking Starr to join them. They acquired the nickname the Fab Four as Beatlemania grew in Britain the next year, from 1965 onwards, the Beatles produced increasingly innovative recordings, including the albums Rubber Soul, Revolver, Sgt. Peppers Lonely Hearts Club Band, The Beatles and Abbey Road, after their break-up in 1970, they each enjoyed successful musical careers of varying lengths. McCartney and Starr, the members, remain musically active. Lennon was shot and killed in December 1980, and Harrison died of cancer in November 2001. The Beatles are the band in history, with estimated sales of over 600 million records worldwide. They have had more number-one albums on the British charts and sold more singles in the UK than any other act, according to the RIAA, the Beatles are also the best-selling music artists in the United States, with 178 million certified units. In 2008, the group topped Billboard magazines list of the all-time most successful Hot 100 artists, as of 2016 and they have received ten Grammy Awards, an Academy Award for Best Original Song Score and fifteen Ivor Novello Awards. The group was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1988 and they were also collectively included in Time magazines compilation of the twentieth centurys 100 most influential people. In March 1957, John Lennon, then aged sixteen, formed a group with several friends from Quarry Bank school. They briefly called themselves the Blackjacks, before changing their name to the Quarrymen after discovering that a local group was already using the other name. Fifteen-year-old Paul McCartney joined as a rhythm guitarist shortly after he, in February 1958, McCartney invited his friend George Harrison to watch the band. The fourteen-year-old auditioned for Lennon, impressing him with his playing, after a month of Harrisons persistence, they enlisted him as their lead guitarist. By January 1959, Lennons Quarry Bank friends had left the group, the three guitarists, billing themselves at least three times as Johnny and the Moondogs, were playing rock and roll whenever they could find a drummer. They used the name until May, when they became the Silver Beetles, before undertaking a tour of Scotland as the backing group for pop singer. By early July, they had changed their name to the Silver Beatles, allan Williams, the Beatles unofficial manager, arranged a residency for them in Hamburg, but lacking a full-time drummer they auditioned and hired Pete Best in mid-August 1960
37.
Helter Skelter (song)
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Helter Skelter is a song by the English rock band the Beatles that was released in 1968 on their self-titled double album, often known as the White Album. It was written by Paul McCartney and credited to Lennon–McCartney, the song was a product of McCartneys attempt to create a sound as loud and dirty as possible. The Beatles recording has been noted for its proto-metal roar and is considered by historians to be a key influence in the early development of heavy metal. Rolling Stone magazine ranked Helter Skelter 52nd on its list of the 100 Greatest Beatles songs, in British English, the term helter-skelter not only has its meaning of in disorderly haste or confusion but is the name of a spiralling amusement park slide. McCartney has used this song as a response to critics who accuse him of writing only ballads, on 20 November 1968, two days before the release of The Beatles, McCartney gave Radio Luxembourg an exclusive interview, in which he commented on several of the albums songs. And I just remember thinking, Oh, itd be great to do one, must be great – really screaming record. And then I heard their record and it was quite straight and it wasnt rough and screaming and tape echo at all. So I thought, Oh well, well do one like that, and I had this song called Helter Skelter, which is just a ridiculous song. So we did it like that, cuz I like noise, the song was recorded many times during sessions for the White Album. Another recording from the day, originally 12 minutes long, was edited down to 4,37 for Anthology 3. On 9 September,18 takes of five minutes each were recorded. After the 18th take, Ringo Starr flung his drum sticks across the studio and screamed, Starrs shout was included on the stereo mix of the song. At around 3,40, the song almost fades out, the mono version ends on the first fadeout without Starrs outburst. The mono version was not initially available in the US as mono albums had already been phased out there, the mono version was later released in the American version of the Rarities album. In 2009, it was available on the CD mono re-issue of the White Album as part of the Beatles in Mono CD box set. Starrs recollection is detailed, but agrees in spirit, Helter Skelter was a track we did in total madness. Sometimes you just had to shake out the jams, among music critics commenting on Helter Skelter, Richie Unterberger of AllMusic views it as one of fiercest and most brutal rockers done by anyone and extraordinary. Writing for MusicHound in 1999, Guitar World editor Christopher Scapelliti identified the track as one of three fascinating standouts on the White Album
