Booz Allen Hamilton

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Not to be confused with Booz & Company.
Booz Allen Hamilton Inc.
Public
Traded as NYSE: BAH
Russell 1000 Component
Industry
Founded 1914; 104 years ago (1914)
Founder Edwin G. Booz
James L. Allen
Carl L. Hamilton
Headquarters McLean, Virginia, U.S.[1]
Key people
Services Management and Technology Consulting
Revenue Increase US$5.48 billion (2014)[2]
Increase US$239.955 million (FY 2012)[2]
Number of employees
 22,000 (2014)
Website www.boozallen.com

Booz Allen Hamilton Inc. (informally Booz Allen)[3] is an American management and information technology consulting firm,[4] headquartered in McLean, Virginia,[5] in Greater Washington, D.C., with 80 other offices around the globe. The company's stated core business is to provide consulting, analysis and engineering services to public and private sector organizations and nonprofits.[6][7]

History[edit]

Beginnings[edit]

From left to right: George Fry, Edwin Booz, Carl Hamilton, and James Allen

After graduating from Northwestern University in Evanston, Illinois in 1914, Edwin G. Booz founded the Business Research Service.[8]

Booz developed the business theory that companies would be more successful if they could call on someone outside their own organizations for expert, impartial advice.[9] This theory developed into a new profession, management consulting, and the firm that would bear his name.

According to the company, "In 1940, the firm was hired to help the United States Secretary of the Navy with World War II preparations. Since then, Booz Allen has had a hand in several notable private and public engagements throughout its years, such as advising on the breakup of Bell System and helping organize the National Football League in the 1960s."[10]

In 2012, Booz Allen purchased the Defense Systems Engineering & Support division of ARINC, adding approximately 1,000 new employees to its roster.[11] In 2014, Booz Allen acquired Epidemico.[6][12] In 2015, Booz Allen acquired the software development division of the Charleston, S.C. technology firm SPARC.[13][14] In 2017, Booz Allen acquired eGov Holdings.[15]

Booz Allen office, Washington, D.C.

IPO[edit]

In 2010, Booz Allen went public with an initial public offering of 14,000,000 shares at $17 per share. [16][17]

Internal Revenue Service[edit]

In 1998, Booz Allen Hamilton developed a strategy for the IRS to reshuffle its 100,000 employees into units focused on particular taxpayer categories.[18]

SWIFT[edit]

In 2006 at the request of the Article 29 Working Party (an advisory group to the European Commission) the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) and Privacy International (PI) investigated the U.S. government's SWIFT surveillance program and Booz Allen's role therein. The ACLU and PI filed a memo at the end of their investigation which called into question the ethics and legality of a government contractor (in this case Booz Allen) acting as auditors of a government program, when that contractor is heavily involved with those same agencies on other contracts. The basic statement was that a conflict of interest may exist. Beyond that, the implication was also made that Booz Allen may be complicit in a program (electronic surveillance of SWIFT) that may be deemed illegal by the European Commission.[19][20]

Homeland Security[edit]

A June 28, 2007 article in The Washington Post related how a United States Department of Homeland Security contract with Booz Allen increased from $2 million to more than $70 million through two no-bid contracts, one occurring after the DHS's legal office had advised DHS not to continue the contract until after a review. A Government Accountability Office (GAO) report on the contract characterized it as not well-planned and lacking any measure for assuring valuable work to be completed.

According to the article,

A review of memos, e-mail and other contracting documents obtained by The Washington Post show that in a rush to meet congressional mandates to establish the information analysis and infrastructure protection offices, agency officials routinely waived rules designed to protect taxpayer money. As the project progressed, the department became so dependent on Booz Allen that it lost the flexibility for a time to seek out other contractors or hire federal employees who might do the job for less.

Elaine C. Duke, the department's chief procurement officer, acknowledged the problems with the Booz Allen contract. But Duke said those matters have been resolved. She defended a decision to issue a second no-bid contract in 2005 as necessary to keep an essential intelligence operation running until a competition could be held.[21]

2011 Anonymous hack[edit]

On July 11, 2011[22][23] the group Anonymous, as part of its Operation AntiSec,[24] hacked into Booz Allen servers, extracting e-mails and non-salted passwords from the U.S. military. This information and a complete dump of the database were placed in a file shared on The Pirate Bay.[25] Despite Anonymous' claims that 90,000 emails were released, the Associated Press counted only 67,000 unique emails, of which only 53,000 were military addresses. The remainder of the addresses came from educational institutions and defense contractors.[26] Anonymous also said that it accessed four gigabytes of Booz Allen source code and deleted those four gigabytes. According to a statement by the group, "We infiltrated a server on their network that basically had no security measures in place."[27][28]

Anonymous accused Booz Allen of working with HBGary Federal by creating a project for the manipulation of social media. Anonymous also accused Booz Allen of participating in intelligence-gathering and surveillance programs of the U.S. federal government and, as stated by Kukil Bora of the International Business Times, "possible illegal activities".[24] Booz Allen confirmed the intrusion on 13 July, but contradicted Anonymous' claims in saying that the attack never got past their own systems, meaning that information from the military should be secure.[29] In August of that year, during a conference call with analysts, Ralph Shrader, the chairman and CEO, stated that "the cost of remediation and other activities directly associated with the attack" were not expected to have a "material effect on our financial results".[30]

PRISM media leak[edit]

Main articles: PRISM (surveillance program) and Edward Snowden

In June 2013, Edward Snowden—at the time a Booz Allen employee[31] contracted to projects of the National Security Agency (NSA)—publicly disclosed details of classified mass surveillance and data collection programs, including PRISM. The alleged leaks are said to rank among the most significant breaches in the history of the NSA[32] and led to considerable concern worldwide. Booz Allen condemned Snowden's leak of the existence of PRISM as "shocking" and "a grave violation of the code of conduct and core values of our firm".[33] The company fired Snowden in absentia shortly after and stated he had been an employee for less than three months at the time. Market analysts considered the incident "embarrassing" but unlikely to cause enduring commercial damage.[34] Booz Allen stated that it would work with authorities and clients to investigate the leak. Charles Riley of CNN/Money said that Booz Allen was "scrambling to distance itself from Snowden".[35]

According to Reuters, a source "with detailed knowledge on the matter" stated that Booz Allen's hiring screeners detected possible discrepancies in Snowden's résumé regarding his education, since some details "did not check out precisely", but decided to hire him anyway; Reuters stated that the element which triggered these concerns, or the manner in which Snowden satisfied the concerns, were not known.[36]

On Wednesday July 10, 2013, the United States Air Force stated that it cleared Booz Allen of wrongdoing regarding the Snowden case.[37]

Research and publications[edit]

Booz Allen has been credited with developing several business concepts. In 1957, Sam Johnson, great grandson of the S.C. Johnson & Son founder, and Booz Allen’s Conrad Jones published How to Organize for New Products[38] which discussed theories on product life-cycle management.[39][40]

Political contributions[edit]

In 2013 David Sirota of Salon said that Booz Allen and parent company The Carlyle Group make significant political contributions to the Democratic Party and the Republican Party as well as individual politicians, including Barack Obama and John McCain.[41] According to Maplight, a company that tracked campaign donations, Booz Allen gave a total of just over $87,000 to U.S. lawmakers from 2007 to June 2013.[42] Sirota concluded that "many of the politicians now publicly defending the surveillance state and slamming whistleblowers like Snowden have taken huge sums of money from these two firms", referring to Booz Allen and Carlyle, and that the political parties are "bankrolled by these firms".[41]

Activities in foreign countries[edit]

In June 2012 Booz Allen expanded its operations in North Africa and the Middle East, with initial plans to add operations in Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, United Arab Emirates. It planned to later add operations to Bahrain, Saudi Arabia, and Turkey, during a time when those countries, as stated by Jill R. Aitoro of the Washington Business Journal, were "recover[ing] from the turmoil associated with the Arab Spring".[43] The Booz Allen employee base, when it was a part of Booz & Company, had long-term relationships with many North African and Middle Eastern countries; Booz Allen had split from Booz & Company[43] David Sirota of Salon said that politicians in the United States who received financing from Booz Allen and "other firms with a similar multinational business model" have vested interests in "denigrating the democratic protest movements that challenge Mideast surveillance states that make those donors big money, too."[41]

Booz Allen helped the Government of the United Arab Emirates create an equivalent of the National Security Agency for that country. According to David E. Sanger and Nicole Perlroth of The New York Times, "one Arab official familiar with the effort" said that "They are teaching everything. Data mining, Web surveillance, all sorts of digital intelligence collection."[44] In 2013 Sanger and Perlroth said that the company "profits handsomely from its worldwide expansion".[44]

Notable personnel and associates (past and present)[edit]

Business[edit]

Government[edit]

  • Wendy Alexander: Labour Party Leader and Member of the Scottish Parliament (MSP).[77][78]
  • Thad Allen: former Coast Guard Admiral Commandant of the United States Coast Guard
  • Miles Axe Copeland, Jr.: a prominent U.S. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) operative who was one of the founding members of the Office of Strategic Services (OSS) under William Donovan.
  • Karol J. Bobko: Retired United States Air Force officer and a former USAF and NASA astronaut.[79]
  • Ian Brzezinski: Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for Europe and NATO Policy from 2001 to 2005
  • James R. Clapper: Director of National Intelligence, formally Undersecretary of Defense for Intelligence, Director of the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency, Director of the Defense Intelligence Agency, and Lieutenant General in the US Air Force[80]
  • Keith R. Hall: Director, National Reconnaissance Office (1997–2001); formerly Executive Director for Intelligence Community Affairs[80]
  • Steve Isakowitz: Department of Energy Chief Financial Officer. Former Deputy Associate Administrator, NASA, 2002–2005[81][82][83][84]
  • William B. Lenoir: Former NASA astronaut.
  • John M. McConnell: Director of National Intelligence (2007–2009); formerly Director of the National Security Agency (1992–96); retired in 1996 as Vice Admiral, United States Navy[85]
  • Todd Park, former Chief Technology Officer of the United States (2012-2014) and former CTO of the Department of Health and Human Services
  • Zoran Jolevski: Minister of Defense of Macedonia.
  • Thomas S. Moorman Jr.: Commander, Air Force Space Command (1990–92); Vice Chief of Staff of the Air Force (1994–1997)
  • Patrick Gorman: Chief Information Officer (CIO), and Assistant Deputy Director National Intelligence (ADDNI), Strategy, Plans, and Policy, ODNI[86]
  • Andrew Turnbull: Member, House of Lords (upper Parliament), United Kingdom (2005–); Head of British Civil Service (2002–2005)
  • Melissa Hathaway: Director, National Cyber Security Initiative
  • General Frederick Frank Woerner, Jr.: Retired United States Army general and former commander of United States Southern Command.
  • R. James Woolsey, Jr.: Director of Central Intelligence (1993–95)
  • Caryn Wagner: former Under Secretary of Homeland Security for Intelligence and Analysis
  • Dov Zakheim: Under Secretary of Defense (Comptroller) (2001–04)

Other[edit]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

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Further reading[edit]

External links[edit]

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