A bornhardt is a dome-shaped, steep-sided, bald rock outcropping at least 30 metres (100 ft) in height and several hundred metres in width. They are named after Wilhelm Bornhardt (1864–1946), a German geologist and explorer of German East Africa, who first described the feature.
Sugarloaf Mountain, a non-inselberg bornhardt in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Kata Tjuṯa, in Northern Territory, Australia
An inselberg or monadnock is an isolated rock hill, knob, ridge, or small mountain that rises abruptly from a gently sloping or virtually level surrounding plain.
In Southern Africa a similar formation of granite is known as a koppie, an Afrikaans word from the Dutch diminutive word kopje. If the inselberg is dome-shaped and formed from granite or gneiss, it can also be called a bornhardt, though not all bornhardts are inselbergs.
An inselberg results when a body of rock resistant to erosion, such as granite, occurring within a body of softer rocks, is exposed by differential erosion and lowering of the surrounding landscape.
Pietra di Bismantova in the Apennines, Italy
The Spitzkoppe of Namibia, a 670-metre (2,200 ft) granite peak formed by early Cretaceous rifting and magmatism.
Lion atop a koppie in the Serengeti, northern Tanzania
Mount Mulanje, a large inselberg in southeastern Malawi
