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Bourbon Reforms
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The Bourbon Reforms were a series of political and economic changes promulgated by the Spanish Crown beginning with Charles III and continuing under various kings of the House of Bourbon, mainly in th
Charles III of Spain, who initiated the vigorous programs of reform.
Charles III of Spain, who initiated the vigorous programs of reform.
José de Gálvez, Visitador general in New Spain and later Minister of the Indies.
José de Gálvez, Visitador general in New Spain and later Minister of the Indies.
Palacio de Minería, Mexico City. The crown sought to make silver mining more productive and the silver magnates ennobled; it created the College of Mi
Palacio de Minería, Mexico City. The crown sought to make silver mining more productive and the silver magnates ennobled; it created the College of Mines and the Royal Mining Court
Uniforms of four line infantry regiments raised in New Spain due to the Bourbon Reforms in 1788
Uniforms of four line infantry regiments raised in New Spain due to the Bourbon Reforms in 1788
Criollo people
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In Hispanic America, criollo is a term used originally to describe people of full and near complete Spanish descent born in the New World viceroyalties, under the Spanish crown. In different Hispanic
Bourbon Reforms
…changes in hopes that it would have a positive effect on the economy of Spain. Furthermore, the Bourbon Reforms were intended to limit the power of Criollos and re-establish peninsular supremacy over the colonies. The reforms achieved mixed results administratively, but alienated the local elites of the…
The Spanish and their descendants born in America formed the highest social group in the colony. Drawing from the New Chronicle and Good Government by
The Spanish and their descendants born in America formed the highest social group in the colony. Drawing from the New Chronicle and Good Government by Felipe Guamán Poma de Ayala, 16th century.
Fermín Francisco de Carvajal Vargas, Duke of San Pedro. Creole born in the Kingdom of Chile
Fermín Francisco de Carvajal Vargas, Duke of San Pedro. Creole born in the Kingdom of Chile
Criollos dancing at a ball in Colonial Chile
Criollos dancing at a ball in Colonial Chile
Criollos in what is now Guatemala rejoice upon learning about the declaration of independence from Spain on September 15, 1821.
Criollos in what is now Guatemala rejoice upon learning about the declaration of independence from Spain on September 15, 1821.