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Bradley effect
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The Bradley effect, less commonly known as the Wilder effect, is a theory concerning observed discrepancies between voter opinion polls and election outcomes in some United States government elections
Tom Bradley
Tom Bradley
Colin Powell was reportedly warned of the Bradley effect when he was considered to be a potential 1996 presidential candidate.
Colin Powell was reportedly warned of the Bradley effect when he was considered to be a potential 1996 presidential candidate.
Polling numbers in Harold Ford's 2006 U.S. Senate campaign did not exhibit the Bradley effect.
Polling numbers in Harold Ford's 2006 U.S. Senate campaign did not exhibit the Bradley effect.
Some have suggested that President Barack Obama may have encountered both the Bradley effect, and a "reverse" Bradley effect, during the 2008 Democrat
Some have suggested that President Barack Obama may have encountered both the Bradley effect, and a "reverse" Bradley effect, during the 2008 Democratic presidential primary elections.
Spiral of silence
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The spiral of silence theory is a political science and mass communication theory which states that an individual's perception of the distribution of public opinion influences that individual's willin
Bradley effect
…times against white opponents. Others believe that it is a persistent phenomenon. Similar effects have been posited in other contexts, for example the spiral of silence and the shy Tory factor. In 1982, Tom Bradley, the long-time mayor of Los Angeles, ran as the Democratic Party's candidate for Governor of California…
Spiral of silence illustrated[clarification needed]
Spiral of silence illustrated[clarification needed]